RESUMO
SUMMARY: We evaluated the role and mechanism of acteoside in the regulation of memory impairment induced by chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS). CUMS was used to induce depression in rats and the successful establishment of CUMS model were verified by forced swimming test and sucrose preference test. The Y-maze test and novel object recognition test assessed memory functions. The structural changes in the cortex and hippocampus were observed by hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining. Immunofluorescence staining and western blotting determined the protein levels. Y-maze test and novel object recognition test showed that there was memory performance impairment in rats of CUMS group, which was improved by the acteoside treatment. HE staining showed that CUMS exposure damaged the structure in the cortex and hippocampus, while the acteoside treatment alleviated the structural changes. Compared with the control group, the levels of BNDF and CREB in the cortex and hippocampus of the CUMS group were significantly decreased. Acteoside significantly reversed the expressions of these proteins in CUMS rats. Meanwhile, compared with the control group, the levels of p-mTOR and p- P70S6K in the cortex and hippocampus of the CUMS group were significantly increased, and these changes were significantly reversed by acteoside. Nevertheless, the effect of acteoside on mTOR signaling was markedly blocked by rapamycin, a specific inhibitor of mTOR signaling. Acteoside can attenuate memory impairment and ameliorate neuronal damage and synaptic plasticity in depression rats probably via inhibiting the mTOR signaling pathway. Acteoside may serve as a novel reagent for the prevention of depression.
Evaluamos el papel y el mecanismo del acteoside en la regulación del deterioro de la memoria inducido por estrés leve crónico impredecible (ELCI). Se utilizó ELCI para inducir depresión en ratas y el establecimiento exitoso del modelo ELCI se verificó mediante una prueba de natación forzada y una prueba de preferencia de sacarosa. La prueba del laberinto en Y y la prueba de reconocimiento de objetos novedosos evaluaron las funciones de la memoria. Los cambios estructurales en la corteza y el hipocampo se observaron mediante tinción con hematoxilina y eosina (HE). La tinción por inmunofluorescencia y la transferencia Western determinaron los niveles de proteína. La prueba del laberinto en Y y la prueba de reconocimiento de objetos novedosos mostraron que había un deterioro del rendimiento de la memoria en ratas del grupo ELCI, que mejoró con el tratamiento con acteósidos. La tinción con HE mostró que la exposición a ELCI dañó la estructura de la corteza y el hipocampo, mientras que el tratamiento con actósidos alivió los cambios estructurales. En comparación con el grupo de control, los niveles de BNDF y CREB en la corteza y el hipocampo del grupo ELCI disminuyeron significativamente. Acteoside revirtió significativamente las expresiones de estas proteínas en ratas ELCI. Mientras tanto, en comparación con el grupo control, los niveles de p-mTOR y p-P70S6K en la corteza y el hipocampo del grupo ELCI aumentaron significativamente, y estos cambios fueron revertidos significativamente ELCI por el acteoside. Sin embargo, el efecto del acteoside sobre la señalización de mTOR fue notablemente bloqueado por la rapamicina, un inhibidor específico de la señalización de mTOR. El acteoside puede atenuar el deterioro de la memoria y mejorar el daño neuronal y la plasticidad sináptica en ratas con depresión, probablemente mediante la inhibición de la vía de señalización mTOR. Acteoside puede servir como un reactivo novedoso para la prevención de la depresión.
Assuntos
Animais , Ratos , Depressão/tratamento farmacológico , Polifenóis/administração & dosagem , Glucosídeos/administração & dosagem , Transtornos da Memória/tratamento farmacológico , Estresse Psicológico/complicações , Western Blotting , Imunofluorescência , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Aprendizagem em Labirinto , Reconhecimento Psicológico/efeitos dos fármacos , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Serina-Treonina Quinases TOR/antagonistas & inibidores , Polifenóis/uso terapêutico , Escala de Avaliação Comportamental , Inibidores de MTOR , Glucosídeos/uso terapêutico , Plasticidade Neuronal/efeitos dos fármacos , NeurôniosRESUMO
OBJECTIVE@#Exposure to high intensity, low frequency noise (HI-LFN) causes vibroacoustic disease (VAD), with memory deficit as a primary non-auditory symptomatic effect of VAD. However, the underlying mechanism of the memory deficit is unknown. This study aimed to characterize potential mechanisms involving morphological changes of neurons and nerve fibers in the hippocampus, after exposure to HI-LFN.@*METHODS@#Adult wild-type and transient receptor potential vanilloid subtype 4 knockout (TRPV4-/-) mice were used for construction of the HI-LFN injury model. The new object recognition task and the Morris water maze test were used to measure the memory of these animals. Hemoxylin and eosin and immunofluorescence staining were used to examine morphological changes of the hippocampus after exposure to HI-LFN.@*RESULTS@#The expression of TRPV4 was significantly upregulated in the hippocampus after HI-LFN exposure. Furthermore, memory deficits correlated with lower densities of neurons and neurofilament-positive nerve fibers in the cornu ammonis 1 (CA1) and dentate gyrus (DG) hippocampal areas in wild-type mice. However, TRPV4-/- mice showed better performance in memory tests and more integrated neurofilament-positive nerve fibers in the CA1 and DG areas after HI-LFN exposure.@*CONCLUSION@#TRPV4 up-regulation induced neurofilament positive nerve fiber injury in the hippocampus, which was a possible mechanism for memory impairment and cognitive decline resulting from HI-LFN exposure. Together, these results identified a promising therapeutic target for treating cognitive dysfunction in VAD patients.
Assuntos
Animais , Camundongos , Canais de Cátion TRPV/metabolismo , Filamentos Intermediários/metabolismo , Hipocampo/metabolismo , Neurônios/metabolismo , Transtornos da Memória/metabolismoRESUMO
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a typical cognitive disorder with an increasing incidence in recent years. AD is also one of the main causes of disability and death of the elderly in current aging society. One of the most common symptoms of AD is spatial memory impairment, which occurs in more than 60% of patients. This memory loss is closely related to the impairment of cognitive maps in the brain. The entorhinal grid cells and the hippocampal place cells are important cellular basis for spatial memory and navigation functions in the brain. Understanding the abnormal firing pattern of these neurons and their impaired coordination to neural oscillations in transgenic rodents is crucial for identifying the therapeutic targets for AD. In this article, we review recent studies on neural activity based on transgenic rodent models of AD, with a focus on the changes in the firing characteristics of neurons and the abnormal electroencephalogram (EEG) rhythm in the entorhinal cortex and hippocampus. We also discuss potential cell-network mechanism of spatial memory disorders caused by AD, so as to provide a scientific basis for the diagnosis and treatment of AD in the future.
Assuntos
Animais , Camundongos , Doença de Alzheimer/genética , Animais Geneticamente Modificados , Cognição , Disfunção Cognitiva , Hipocampo/fisiologia , Transtornos da Memória , Camundongos Transgênicos , Neurônios/fisiologiaRESUMO
Introducción. No todas las personas expuestas al COVID-19 desarrollan una en-fermedad respiratoria grave y el número de personas adultas jóvenes sin patologías previas, afectadas gravemente por el virus, viene en aumento. Se ha evidenciado un gran número de síntomas inespecíficos y complicaciones, posterior a la recuperación. Objetivo. Evaluar las repercusiones en un sujeto sano y físicamente activo que pre-sentó complicaciones médicas graves y complicaciones posteriores al COVID-19. Reporte de caso. Hombre de 41 años de edad, físicamente activo y sin enfermeda-des conocidas, en quien se documenta infección por SARS-CoV2 con prueba PCR positiva. Requirió 22 días en UCI, 17 días en hospitalización general, 57 días de incapacidad y posterior a doce meses presenta pérdida evidente de peso y de memo-ria, dificultad para pensar y concentrarse, pérdida de masa muscular, compromiso de la función hepática, cansancio y fatiga, dolor muscular, problemas para dormir, cambios en el estado de ánimo y alteraciones del gusto. De acuerdo con los actuales hallazgos, la producción de un tipo de anticuerpo impide que el sistema inmune ten-ga una respuesta adecuada contra la enfermedad. Sumado a esto, se ha descrito una nueva puerta de entrada del virus en el organismo: la proteína neuropilina-1 (NRP1), además de la posible disminución del surfactante que permite la flexibilidad de los pulmones. Lo anterior podría dar respuestas a las complicaciones en personas sanas y físicamente activas posterior a la infección por COVID-19. Conclusiones. Entendiendo que el COVID-19 es una enfermedad reciente, aún hay mucha información por recolectar para así entender su comportamiento en el cuerpo humano. Sin embargo, las investigaciones van dando evidencia del porqué el COVID-19 puede generar graves complicaciones médicas en personas sanas y físicamente activas. Son necesarias más investigaciones con esta población, para así realizar planteamientos de manejo clínico acordes a la enfermedad y evitar desenlaces fatales.
Introduction. Not all people exposed to COVID-19 develop a severe respiratory disease and the number of young adults without previous pathologies, seriously af-fected by the virus, is increasing. Many of non-specific symptoms and complications have been evidenced after the recovery. Objective. To evaluate the repercussions in a healthy and physically active subject who presented serious medical complications and post-COVID-19 complications.Case report. A 41-year-old man, physically active and without known diseases, in whom SARS-CoV2 infection with a positive PCR test is documented. He required 22 days in the ICU, 17 days in general hospitalization, 57 days of disability and after twelve months there is evident weight and memory loss, difficulty thinking and con-centrating, loss of muscle mass, compromised liver function, tiredness and fatigue, muscle pain, sleep problems, changes in mood, and alterations in the taste. According to the current findings, the production of a type of antibody prevents the immune system from having an adequate response against the disease. In addition to this, a new gateway for the virus into the body has been described: the protein neuropilin- 1 (NRP1), as well as the possible decrease in surfactant that allows the flexibility of the lungs. This could provide answers to complications in healthy and physically active people after COVID-19 infection. Conclusions. Understanding that COVID-19 is a recent disease, there is still a lot of information to collect to understand its behavior in the human body. However, research is providing evidence on why COVID-19 can cause serious medical compli-cations in healthy and physically active people. Understanding that it is a multifac-torial situation, more research is necessary with this population in order to carry out clinical management approaches according to the disease and avoid fatal outcomes.
Assuntos
Sinais e Sintomas , Comportamento , Síndrome Respiratória Aguda Grave , COVID-19 , Patologia , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , Saúde Pública , Mialgia , Infecções , Transtornos da MemóriaRESUMO
Objective: To explore the effect of lead exposure on the neurobehavior and gut microbiota community structure in mice. Methods: In August 2019, 64 C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into 4 groups: control group (0 ppm) , low lead exposure group (20 mg/l) , medium lead exposure group (100 mg/l) and high lead exposure group (500 mg/l) . During the experiment, they were free to eat and drink. The drinking water of the lead exposure group was mixed with lead acetate, and sodium acetate was added in the control group. After 10 weeks of exposure, the Morris water maze was used to test the learning and memory ability of each group of mice, and then they were sacrificed for sampling. ICP-MS was used to detect lead content in whole blood and brain tissue. ELISA was used to determine the level of IL-1β in mouse serum. 16S rRNA sequencing was used to detect the structural diversity of the intestinal flora in feces, and then the correlation between the flora and behavior indicators was analyzed. Results: In the Morris water maze experiment, compared with the control group, there was no significant difference in the body weight and swimming speed of the mice in the lead exposure groups. The escape latency of the mice in the 100 mg/l and 500 mg/l dose groups was prolonged, and the number of platform crossings decreased (P<0.05) ; meanwhile, the staying time of the mice in the 500 mg/l Pb-treated group in the target quadrant was lower than that of the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05) . Compared with the control group, the blood lead content of the mice in each lead exposure group was significantly increased, and the brain lead content of mice in the 500 mg/l dose group was significantly elevated (P<0.05) . The serum IL-1β levels of mice in each lead exposure group were higher than those of the control group (P<0.05) . At the phylum level, the relative abundance of the Proteobacteria phylum in all of Pb-treated groups was significantly increased (P<0.05) ; at the genus level, Allobaculum, Desulfovibrio, Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group, Turicibacter and Ureaplasma were significantly increased (P<0.05) . Among them. The relative abundance of Desuffaoibrio, Turici bacter, and Ureaplasma was negatively correlated with the residence time of mice in the quadrant of the platform (r=-0.32, -0.29, -0.44, P<0.05) . Conclusion: Lead exposure induced learning and memory impairments in mice, which may be related to the disturbance of the gut microbiota.
Assuntos
Animais , Camundongos , Microbioma Gastrointestinal , Chumbo/toxicidade , Aprendizagem em Labirinto , Transtornos da Memória , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , RNA Ribossômico 16S/genéticaRESUMO
Objective@#The hippocampus is thought to be a vulnerable target of microwave exposure. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E) acted as a fate regulator of adult rat hippocampal neural stem cells (NSCs). Furthermore, we investigated if 20E attenuated high power microwave (HMP) radiation-induced learning and memory deficits.@*Methods@#Sixty male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups: normal controls, radiation treated, and radiation+20E treated. Rats in the radiation and radiation+20E treatment groups were exposed to HPM radiation from a microwave emission system. The learning and memory abilities of the rats were assessed using the Morris water maze test. Primary adult rat hippocampal NSCs were isolated in vitro and cultured to evaluate their proliferation and differentiation. In addition, hematoxylin & eosin staining, western blotting, and immunofluorescence were used to detect changes in the rat brain and the proliferation and differentiation of the adult rat hippocampal NSCs after HPM radiation exposure.@*Results@#The results showed that 20E induced neuronal differentiation of adult hippocampal NSCs from HPM radiation-exposed rats via the Wnt3a/β-catenin signaling pathway in vitro. Furthermore, 20E facilitated neurogenesis in the subgranular zone of the rat brain following HPM radiation exposure. Administration of 20E attenuated learning and memory deficits in HPM radiation-exposed rats and frizzled-related protein (FRZB) reduced the 20E-induced nuclear translocation of β-catenin, while FRZB treatment also reversed 20E-induced neuronal differentiation of NSCs in vitro.@*Conclusion@#These results suggested that 20E was a fate regulator of adult rat hippocampal NSCs, where it played a role in attenuating HPM radiation-induced learning and memory deficits.
Assuntos
Animais , Masculino , Ratos , Proliferação de Células , Ecdisterona/farmacologia , Hipocampo/metabolismo , Transtornos da Memória , Micro-Ondas , Células-Tronco Neurais/fisiologia , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , beta Catenina/metabolismoRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: The executive functions (EF) and emotion regulation (ER) and their relationship with the substance use disorder (SUD) were analyzed. METHODS: A cross-sectional design was used. The sample consisted of 130 volunteers divided into three groups: group 01 (n = 60), composed of participants who did not meet the diagnostic criteria for any type of SUD; group 02 (n = 51), with users with alcohol and/ or tobacco use disorder; group 03 (n = 19), with users with multiple substance use disorder, including at least one illicit substance. RESULTS: Group 02 presented worse performance in EF and ER when compared to group 01, and showed a significant correlation between the working memory and the use of maladaptive ER. Group 03 showed great losses in EF and ER when compared to the other groups. CONCLUSION: This study supports the idea that EF, ER and SUD are related. In addition, it was observed that people with SUD had worse performance in EF and ER when compared to people without SUD, greater damage being observed in people with SUD of polysubstances.
OBJETIVO: Analisaram-se as funções executivas (FE) e a regulação emocional (RE) e a sua relação com o transtorno por uso de substâncias (TUS). MÉTODOS: Utilizou-se um delineamento transversal. A amostra foi composta por 130 voluntários, divididos em três grupos: grupo 01 (n = 60), composto pelos participantes que não preenchiam os critérios diagnósticos para nenhum tipo de TUS; grupo 02 (n = 51), com os entrevistados com TUS de álcool e/ou cigarro; grupo 03 (n = 19), com os voluntários com TUS de polissubstâncias, incluindo pelo menos uma substância ilícita. RESULTADOS: O grupo 02 apresentou pior desempenho nas FE e na RE, quando comparado ao grupo 01, e exibiu uma correlação significativa entre a memória de trabalho e o uso de RE desadaptativa. O grupo 03 apresentou maior prejuízo nas FE e na RE, quando comparado aos demais grupos. CONCLUSÃO: Este estudo apoia a ideia de que as FE, a RE e o TUS estão relacionados. Além disso, observou-se que as pessoas com TUS apresentaram pior desempenho nas FE e na RE, quando comparadas com as pessoas sem o TUS, sendo as com TUS de polissubstâncias com maior prejuízo.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Adulto , Adulto Jovem , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Substâncias/complicações , Usuários de Drogas , Função Executiva , Regulação Emocional , Tabagismo , Drogas Ilícitas , Estudos Transversais , Inquéritos e Questionários , Análise de Variância , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Álcool/complicações , Transtornos da Memória/etiologiaRESUMO
ABSTRACT Depressive symptoms are associated with a decline of episodic memory, but the relationship with semantic memory remains unclear. Objective: The aim of the study was to analyze the relationship of depressive symptoms with the semantic memory in a community-based sample of elderly adults. The sample comprised two groups, namely, clinical (with depressive symptoms) and control. Methods: The following instruments were used General Evaluation Questionnaire, Montreal Cognitive Assessment-Basic, Wechsler Abbreviate Scale of Intelligence, Geriatric Depression Scale-30 (GDS-30), Beck Depression Inventory-II, Boston Nomination Test (BNT), vocabulary, verbal fluency test (fruits and animals), and Brief Cognitive Screening Battery. Results: The results showed a significant difference between groups only in BNT. A significant correlation was observed between the BNT and GDS-30. Participants with symptoms of severe depression performed poorly on BNT when compared with individuals with mild symptoms. Conclusion: These results support the hypothesis that depressive symptoms in elderly adults can affect semantic memory and may worsen with the severity of symptoms.
RESUMO Sintomas depressivos estão associados ao declínio da memória episódica, mas sua relação com a memória semântica permanece obscura. Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a relação dos sintomas depressivos à memória semântica em idosos que vivem na comunidade. A amostra foi composta de dois grupos: clínico (com sintomas depressivos) e controle. Método: Foram utilizados os seguintes instrumentos: Questionário de Avaliação Geral, Montreal Cognitive Assessment-Basic (MoCA-B), Wechsler Abbreviate Scale of Intelligence (WASI), Geriatric Depression Scale-30 (GDS-30), Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II), Teste de Nomeação de Boston (TNB), Vocabulário, Fluência Verbal (Frutas e Animais) e Bateria Breve de Rastreio Cognitivo. Resultados: Os resultados evidenciaram diferença significativa entre os grupos apenas no BNT. Foi observada uma correlação significativa entre TNB e GDS-30. Os participantes com sintomas de depressão grave tiveram um desempenho pior no BNT, quando comparados aos indivíduos com sintomas leves. Conclusão: Esses resultados apoiam a hipótese de que os sintomas depressivos em idosos podem afetar a memória semântica e aumentam com a gravidade dos sintomas.
Assuntos
Humanos , Depressão , Idoso , Cognição , Memória , Transtornos da Memória , Testes NeuropsicológicosRESUMO
La autora de este artículo se ha fijado el objetivo de esclarecer la frontera entre la normalidad y la anormalidad en lo que respecta a las alteraciones de la memoria, así como a analizar los tratamientos que se emplean para paliarlas o frenarlas, teniendo en cuenta que este problema, con frecuencia y durante años, no traspasa, aparentemente, la línea de la enfermedad. El deseo de cumplir años manteniendo una mente sana convierte en alarma social la pérdida de memoria, pero al mismo tiempo, el aumento de longevidad de la población hace que se incrementen los casos de envejecimiento cerebral.
The author of this article has set herself the objective of clarifying the boundary between normality and abnormality in terms of memory alterations, as well as analyzing the treatments used to alleviate or curb them, bearing in mind that this problem, frequently and for years, does not apparently, cross the line of the disease. The desire to grow old while maintaining a healthy mind turns memory loss into social alarm, but at the same time, the increase in longevity of the population causes cases of brain aging to increase.
Assuntos
Humanos , Terapêutica Homeopática , Transtornos da Memória/terapiaRESUMO
Dementia is a syndrome characterized by a decline of two or more cognitive functions, affecting social or professional life. Alzheimer's Disease is a neurodegenerative disorder that represents 53% of dementia cases; memory loss, inability to recognize faces, impaired judgement, disorientation and confusion are possible common symptoms. Vascular Dementia is responsible for 42% of dementia cases, due to cerebrovascular pathologies, and the clinical aspects are related to the extension and location of the brain injury. Lewy Bodies Dementia is a neurodegenerative disorder that represents 15% of dementia cases, and its symptoms include visual hallucinations, parkinsonism and fluctuating cognitive decline. Frontotemporal dementia is a group of clinical syndromes, divided in Behavioral-variant, characterized by disinhibition, compulsions, apathy, aberrant sexual behavior and executive dysfunction; and Primary Progressive Aphasia, which is subdivided in Nonfluentvariant and Semantic-variant. Vitamin B12 deficiency is a reversible cause of dementia, with a wide clinical feature, that includes psychiatric symptoms such as depression and irritability, hematological symptoms related to anemia (e.g. dyspnea and fatigue), and neurological symptoms including dementia and neuropathy. Normal pressure hydrocephalus is also reversible, presenting forgetfulness, changes in mood, decline of executive functions, reduced attention, and a lack of interest in daily activities as symptoms. The radiological findings vary depending on the etiology of dementia. For that reason, understanding neuroimaging and clinical aspects is important to diagnose effectively.
A demência é uma síndrome que consiste em um declínio de um ou mais domínios cognitivos, que afeta o desempenho social ou profissional do indivíduo. A Doença de Alzheimer é um transtorno neurocognitivo que representa 53% dos casos de demência; seus sintomas podem incluir perda de memória, incapacidade de reconhecer rostos familiares, julgamento comprometido desorientação e confusão mental. A Demência Vascular é responsável por 42% dos casos de demência e é causada por doenças cerebrovasculares, seus achados clínicos são relacionados com o local e com a extensão do dano cerebral. Já a Demência por Corpos de Lewy é uma doença neurocognitiva que representa 15% dos casos de demência, cujos sintomas incluem alucinações visuais, parkinsonismo e flutuação cognitiva. A Demência Frontotemporal, por sua vez, é um grupo de síndromes, que se dividem em variante comportamental caracterizada por desinibição, compulsão, apatia, hipersexualidade e disfunções executivas e Afasia Progressiva Primária, subdividida em variante não-fluente e variante semântica, que cursam com disfunções da linguagem. Há, ainda, a Deficiência de Vitamina B12, uma causa reversível de demência. Ela possui um quadro clínico variado, que inclui sintomas psiquiátricos, como depressão e irritabilidade, sintomas hematológicos relacionados a anemia, como dispneia e fadiga) e sintomas neurológicos, que incluem demência e neuropatias. Uma outra causa reversível é a Hidrocefalia de Pressão Normal, que se apresenta com esquecimentos, alterações de humor, perda de função executiva e redução da atenção e do interesse nas atividades cotidianas. Os achados de neuroimagem variam dependendo da etiologia da demência. Assim, compreender os aspectos clínicos e radiológicos é importante para um diagnóstico efetivo..
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Idoso , Demência Vascular/diagnóstico , Demência/complicações , Demência/epidemiologia , Doença de Alzheimer/diagnóstico , Doença de Alzheimer/epidemiologia , Deficiência de Vitamina B 12/etiologia , Prevalência , Cérebro/diagnóstico por imagem , Neuroimagem/métodos , Disfunção Cognitiva , Testes de Estado Mental e Demência , Hidrocefalia de Pressão Normal/etiologia , Transtornos da MemóriaRESUMO
ABSTRACT. The increase in dementia incidence among the elderly is directly related to aging, which is associated with changes in bodily functions and other health-related risk factors. Alzheimer's dementia is the most prevalent form of dementia, and individuals in the late stages are predominantly dependent on other family members. Therefore, it is important for families, as the closest support group, to recognize common symptoms early. Objective: To provide a family-friendly guide to the ten common symptoms of Alzheimer's dementia. Methods: This is a descriptive survey-based research that included 354 families comprising elderly people (≥60 years) residing in Jakarta. The instrument aimed at identifying ten common Alzheimer's dementia symptoms in Indonesia. Descriptive statistical analysis based on frequency tables was used. Results: The participant's major characteristics were age ≥66 years (52.3%), female sex (70.3%) and primary school education (87.3%). The predominant symptoms experienced by 42.4% of the elderly included forgetting recent events and asking questions and narrating a particular detail repeatedly. The remaining 35.6% demonstrated signs of forgetting where an item was placed and frequently suspecting others of theft and concealment of personal items. Conclusion: The symptoms of frequently forgetting new events and the location of personal belongings are of particular concern for families, as they have a propensity to progress and interfere with daily activities. Therefore, the families of affected individuals are expected to identify this symptom early on and present the affected individual for screening or examination at a health care facility.
RESUMO. O aumento da incidência de demência entre os idosos está diretamente relacionado ao envelhecimento, que está associado a alterações nas funções corporais e outros fatores de risco relacionados à saúde. A demência de Alzheimer é a forma mais prevalente de demência e os indivíduos nos estágios avançados são predominantemente dependentes de outros membros da família. Portanto, é importante que as famílias, como grupo de apoio mais próximo, reconheçam os sintomas comuns precocemente. Objetivo: fornecer um guia familiar para os dez sintomas comuns da demência de Alzheimer. Métodos: Trata-se de uma pesquisa descritiva de base survey que incluiu 354 famílias compostas por idosos (≥60 anos) residentes em Jacarta. O instrumento teve como objetivo identificar dez sintomas comuns de demência de Alzheimer na Indonésia. Foi utilizada análise estatística descritiva baseada em tabelas de frequência. Resultados: As principais características do participante foram idade ≥ 66 anos (52,3%), sexo feminino (70,3%) e escolaridade primária (87,3%). Os sintomas predominantes vivenciados por 42,4% dos idosos incluem o esquecimento de acontecimentos recentes, fazer perguntas e narrar um determinado detalhe repetidamente. Os 35,6% restantes demonstraram sinais de esquecimento de onde um item foi colocado e frequentemente suspeitam de furto e ocultação de itens pessoais. Conclusão: Os sintomas de esquecimento frequente de novos eventos e da localização de objetos pessoais são de particular preocupação para as famílias, visto que apresentam tendência para progredir e interferir nas atividades diárias. Portanto, espera-se que as famílias dos indivíduos afetados identifiquem esse sintoma logo no início e apresentem o indivíduo afetado para triagem ou exame em uma unidade de saúde.
Assuntos
Humanos , Doença de Alzheimer , Família , Demência , Transtornos da MemóriaRESUMO
ABSTRACT. Epilepsy, a chronic neurological condition which is associated with neurobiological and psychosocial changes, affects 0.5 to 1% of the world's population, presenting in most cases a deficit in reasoning, memory and attention. Objective: To contribute to the implementation of screening strategies for cognitive decline and memory deficits in patients with epilepsy. Methods: Two questionnaires, MMSE and MoCA, were used in this cross-sectional and observational study. Fifty-four patients diagnosed with different types of epilepsy (55% refractory) were assessed; they were all over 18 years old, of both genders, with autonomy to answer the questionnaire. They were followed exclusively at an outpatient clinic of the Neurology Service Department, specialized in epilepsy, which is part of the tertiary healthcare level of the Brazilian Unified Health System (SUS). Results: The final sample consisted of 54 patients. There was a significant correlation (p<0.001) between the scores of both tests, indicating that low values in the MMSE score also corresponded to low values in the MoCA score. Sensitivity was 90% (ROC curve adjusted) and 87.5% of the patients with a normal score in the MMSE test obtained alterations in the MoCA scores. None of them showed a low MMSE score with a normal MOCA score. The Spearman correlation coefficient was 0.80. Also, there was a significant relationship between both immediate memory and delayed recall memory and the type of seizure (p<0.03) and level of schooling (p<0.001), respectively. Conclusion: The MoCA is a well-suited test to be performed in epilepsy patients to evaluate their cognition as it seems more extensive and complete compared to MMSE.
RESUMO. A epilepsia, condição neurológica crônica associada a alterações neurobiológicas e psicossociais, afeta de 0,5 a 1% da população mundial. Na maior parte dos casos, há redução de raciocínio, memória e atenção. Objetivos: Contribuir para a implementação de estratégias de rastreio de declínio cognitivo e distúrbios na memória nos pacientes com epilepsia. Métodos: Estudo transversal observacional de 54 pacientes diagnosticados com epilepsia de diversos tipos (55% refratários) e com idade superior a 18 anos, de ambos os sexos, com autonomia para responder o questionário e em acompanhamento exclusivamente pelo Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) em um ambulatório especializado em epilepsia, do serviço de neurologia, que faz parte do nível terciário de atenção à saúde. Foram aplicados dois questionários: o MEEM e o MoCA. Resultados: Amostra final de 54 pacientes. Encontrou-se uma correlação significativa (p<0,001) entre os escores dos dois testes, o que significa que valores baixos do escore MEEM correspondem a valores baixos do escore MoCA. Sensibilidade de 90% (curva ROC ajustada). Verificou-se que dentre os pacientes considerados normais no MEEM, 87,5% deles obtiveram escore com alterações por meio do teste de rastreio MoCA. Não se obteve nenhum caso de escore no MEEM baixo com pontuação no MoCA normal. O coeficiente de correlação Spearman foi 0,80. Há relação significativa da memória imediata e evocação tardia com o tipo de crise (p<0,03) e escolaridade (p<0,001), respectivamente. Conclusão: Torna-se pertinente a adição do teste MoCA para rastreio cognitivo em pacientes com epilepsia por ser um instrumento mais extenso e preciso, minimizando as chances de "falsos-negativos" quando comparado ao MEEM.
Assuntos
Humanos , Cognição , Epilepsia , Transtornos da MemóriaRESUMO
ABSTRACT Introduction: People with epilepsy frequently complain of poor memory. Objective: To assess the occurrence of memory complaints in older adults with epilepsy (OAE) and whether it is associated with clinical variables, objective cognitive performance, and quality of life (QoL). Methods: The Memory Complaint Questionnaire (MAC-Q) was related to objective cognitive performance, the Neurological Disorders Depression Inventory for Epilepsy (NDDI-E), the Quality of Life in Epilepsy Inventory (QOLIE-31), and the clinical characteristics of 83 OAE. Results: OAE showed worse cognitive performance and higher MAC-Q scores when compared to a similar control group (n=40). Impairment in multiple cognitive domains occurred in 34 (41%) OAE and was associated with older age and lower educational level. Memory complaints (MAC-Q≥25) were reported by 45 (54.2%) OAE and associated with older age, lower educational level, onset at ≥60 years, higher NDDI-E scores, lower QOLIE-31 scores, and impairment in multiple cognitive domains. Conclusions: OAE presented worse cognitive performance and greater memory complaints. Episode onset at ≥60 years of age was associated with complaints, but not with objective cognitive deficit. We found an association between subjective and objective cognitive performance, with aspects of epilepsy and worse QoL scores.
RESUMO Introdução: A queixa de memória fraca é frequente em pessoas com epilepsia. Objetivo: Avaliar a ocorrência de queixas de memória em idosos com epilepsia (IE) e se há associação com variáveis clínicas, desempenho cognitivo objetivo e qualidade de vida (QV). Métodos: O questionário de queixa de memória (memory complaint questionnaire — MAC-Q) foi relacionado ao desempenho cognitivo objetivo, o inventário de depressão de transtornos neurológicos para epilepsia (neurological disorders depression inventory for epilepsy — NDDI-E), o QOLIE-31 e com as características clínicas de 83 IE. Resultados: Houve desempenho cognitivo inferior e maiores escores no MAC-Q em IE quando comparados aos de um grupo controle similar (n=40). Comprometimento de múltiplos domínios cognitivos ocorreu em 34 (41%) IE e associou-se a maior idade e menor escolaridade. Queixas de memória (MAC-Q≥25) foram observadas em 45 (54,2%) IE e associadas a idade mais elevada, menor escolaridade, início das crises aos ≥60 anos, maiores escores no NDDI-E, menores escores no QOLIE-31 e comprometimento de múltiplos domínios cognitivos. Conclusões: Pior desempenho cognitivo e maiores queixa de memória ocorreram em IE. Crises com início aos ≥60 anos foram associadas a queixas, mas não a déficit objetivo cognitivo. Houve associação entre desempenho cognitivo subjetivo e objetivo, com aspectos da epilepsia e pior QV.
Assuntos
Humanos , Idoso , Epilepsia/complicações , Disfunção Cognitiva/etiologia , Qualidade de Vida , Memória , Transtornos da Memória/etiologia , Testes NeuropsicológicosRESUMO
ABSTRACT The therapeutic effect of adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ADSCs) or RE on hippocampal neurogenesis and memory in Parkinsonian rats were investigated. Male rats were lesioned by bilateral intra-nigral injections of 6-OHDA and divided into six groups: 1. Lesion 2 and 3: RE and water groups were lesioned rats pretreated with RE or water, from 2weeks before neurotoxin injection and treated once a day for 8weeks post lesion. 4&5: Cell and α-MEM (α-minimal essential médium) received intravenous injection of BrdU-labeled ADSCs or medium, respectively from 10days post lesion until 8weeks later. 6: Sham was injected by saline instead of neurotoxin. Memory was assessed using Morris water Maze (MWM), one week before and at 1, 4 and 8weeks post 6-OHDA lesion. After the last probe, the animals were sacrificed and brain tissue obtained. Paraffin sections were stained using cresyl violet, anti-BrdU (Bromodeoxyuridine / 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine), anti-GFAP (Glial fibrillary acidic protein) and anti-TH antibodies. There was a significant difference of time spent in the target quadrant between groups during probe trial at 4 and 8 weeks' post- lesion. Cell and RE groups spent a significantly longer period in the target quadrant and had lower latency as compared with lesion. Treated groups have a significantly higher neuronal density in hippocampus compared to water, α-MEM and lesion groups. BrdU positive cells were presented in lesioned sites. The GFAP (Glial fibrillary acidic protein) positive cells were reduced in treated and sham groups compared to the water, α-MEM and lesion groups. Oral administration of RE (Rosemary extract) or ADSCs injection could improve memory deficit in the Parkinsonian rat by neuroprotection.
Assuntos
Doença de Parkinson/fisiopatologia , Rosmarinus , Transplante de Células-Tronco , Transtornos da Memória/terapia , Teste do Labirinto Aquático de Morris , HipocampoRESUMO
RESUMO Objetivo Comparar o processamento correferencial, em idosos com e sem a Doença de Alzheimer, no Português Brasileiro. Método Participaram 12 idosos sem Alzheimer (ISA), e 06 idosos com a Doença de Alzheimer (IDA). O Mini-Exame do Estado Mental foi utilizado para triagem cognitiva dos participantes. Dois experimentos foram realizados utilizando a técnica de leitura automonitorada para analisar o processamento da correferência, cada um contendo oito frases experimentais e 24 frases distratoras, um deles utilizou pronomes e nomes repetidos, já o outro utilizou hipônimos e hiperônimos. Após a leitura, foram realizadas perguntas relacionadas ao conteúdo das frases. A principal variável de interesse foi o tempo de leitura aferido após a apresentação das retomadas anafóricas. Resultados No primeiro experimento, foram encontrados resultados estatisticamente significantes, no grupo ISA os pronomes foram processados mais rapidamente do que nomes repetidos, e no grupo IDA, os voluntários foram mais rápidos na retomada do nome repetido. No segundo experimento, os resultados demonstraram que o grupo ISA apresentou preferência, na retomada anafórica, pelos hiperônimos, já o grupo IDA não apresentou diferenças significativas entre as condições. Conclusão Os idosos sem patologia processaram mais rapidamente pronomes e hiperônimos, quando comparados a retomadas com nomes repetidos e hipônimos, respectivamente, pela menor quantidade de traços semânticos necessários para identificar os antecedentes naquelas condições, assim como pela proeminência sintática e discursiva. Nos idosos com DA, os nomes foram lidos mais prontamente que pronomes, e não houve diferença no processamento anafórico envolvendo hipônimos e hiperônimos, podendo decorrer do comprometimento na memória de trabalho.
ABSTRACT Purpose To compare coreferential processing in elderly people with and without Alzheimer's disease in Brazilian Portuguese. Methods Twelve elderly people without Alzheimer's (EA) and six elderly people with Alzheimer's disease (EWA) participated in the study. The Mini-Mental State Examination was used for cognitive screening of participants. Two experiments were performed using the self-monitored reading technique to analyze coreference processing. Each contained eight experimental phrases and 24 distracting phrases, one of them using repeated pronouns and names and the other using hyponyms and hypernyms. After reading, questions were asked related to the content of the sentences. The main variable of interest was reading time, measured after the presentation of anaphoric resuming. Results In the first experiment, there were statistically significant results. The EA group processed the pronouns more quickly than repeated names. The volunteers of the EWA group were quicker in resuming repeated names. In the second experiment, the results show that the EA group showed preference for hypernyms in anaphoric resumption, whereas the EWA group did not present significant differences between conditions. Conclusion Elderly people without pathology processed pronouns and hypernyms more quickly compared to retrievals with repeated names and hyponyms, respectively, due to the smaller amount of semantic traits necessary to identify the antecedents in those conditions, as well as syntactic and discursive prominence. Elderly people with AD read names more readily than pronouns. There was no difference in anaphoric processing involving hyponyms and hypernyms, which may result from impaired working memory.
Assuntos
Humanos , Idoso , Doença de Alzheimer , Semântica , Brasil , Idioma , Transtornos da MemóriaRESUMO
Resumo Objetivo identificar diagnósticos de enfermagem da Taxonomia da NANDA-I em idosos institucionalizados. Método estudo descritivo, conduzido com 116 idosos de uma instituição de longa permanência, realizado a partir da identificação de diagnósticos de enfermagem da Taxonomia da NANDA-I em um instrumento fundamentado no modelo teórico das Necessidades Humanas Básicas e validação por especialistas com suporte no raciocínio diagnóstico de Risner. Resultados identificou-se 1.555 títulos de diagnósticos de enfermagem para os 116 idosos, com uma média de 13,4 diagnósticos por idoso. Após exclusão de repetições foram obtidos 39 títulos distintos de diagnósticos. Entre eles, 26 (66,7%) são títulos de diagnósticos reais, 13 (33,3%) títulos de diagnósticos de risco e estão classificados em 8 dos 13 domínios da taxonomia da NANDA-I. Os diagnósticos de enfermagem mais frequentes foram: risco de quedas (94,8%); síndrome do idoso frágil (91,3%) e processos familiares disfuncionais (90,5%). Conclusão e implicações para a prática o perfil de diagnósticos de enfermagem identificado pode contribuir para o incremento de indicadores sensíveis à prática de enfermagem, com o planejamento e implementação de medidas assistenciais direcionadas as reais necessidades dos idosos institucionalizados impactando na autonomia, independência e consequentemente na qualidade de vida.
Resumen Objetivo identificar diagnósticos de enfermería de la taxonomía NANDA-I en ancianos institucionalizados. Método estudio descriptivo, realizado con 116 personas mayores de una residencia gerontológica, a partir de la identificación de diagnósticos de enfermería de la taxonomía NANDA-I en un instrumento basado en el modelo teórico de Necesidades Humanas Básicas y validado por especialistas con apoyo en razonamiento Diagnóstico de Risner. Resultados se indicaron 1.555 títulos de diagnóstico de enfermería para los 116 p edad adultos mayores, con un promedio de 13.4 diagnósticos por adulto mayor. Excluidas las repeticiones, se obtuvieron 39 títulos de diagnóstico diferentes. Entre ellos, 26 (66.7%) son títulos de diagnósticos reales, 13 (33.3%) son títulos de diagnósticos de riesgo, y se clasifican en 8 de los 13 dominios de la taxonomía NANDA-I. Los diagnósticos de enfermería más frecuentes fueron: riesgo de caídas (94,8%); síndrome de fragilidad del anciano (91.3%) y procesos familiares disfuncionales (90.5%). Conclusión e implicaciones para la práctica el perfil de los diagnósticos de enfermería identificados puede contribuir al aumento de indicadores sensibles a la práctica de enfermería, con la planificación e implementación de medidas de atención dirigidas a las necesidades reales de los ancianos institucionalizados, que impactan en la autonomía, independencia y consecuentemente calidad de vida.
Abstract Objective To identify nursing diagnoses of the NANDA-I Taxonomy in institutionalized older adults. Method A descriptive study, conducted with 116 older adults from a long-term institution, carried out based on the identification of nursing diagnoses of the NANDA-I Taxonomy in an instrument based on the theoretical model of Basic Human Needs and validation by experts with support in Risner's diagnosis reasoning. Results 1,555 nursing diagnosis titles were indicated for the 116 older adults, with a mean of 13.4 diagnoses per individual. After excluding repetitions, 39 different diagnosis titles were obtained. Among them, 26 (66.7%) are titles of real diagnoses, 13 (33.3%) are titles of risk diagnoses and are classified in 8 of the 13 domains of the NANDA-I taxonomy. The most frequent nursing diagnoses were the following: risk for falls (94.8%); frail elderly syndrome (91.3%), and dysfunctional family processes (90.5%). Conclusion and implications for the practice The profile of the nursing diagnoses identified can contribute to the increase of sensitive indicators to the nursing practice, with the planning and implementation of care measures directed to the real needs of institutionalized older adults, impacting on autonomy, independence and, consequently, on quality of life.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Diagnóstico de Enfermagem/estatística & dados numéricos , Saúde do Idoso Institucionalizado , Terminologia Padronizada em Enfermagem , Instituição de Longa Permanência para Idosos , Casas de Saúde , Perfil de Saúde , Acidentes por Quedas/estatística & dados numéricos , Estudos Transversais , Idoso Fragilizado , Relações Familiares/psicologia , Transtornos da MemóriaRESUMO
BACKGROUND@#Prenatal stress can cause neurobiological and behavioral defects in offspring; environmental factors play a crucial role in regulating the development of brain and behavioral; this study was designed to test and verify whether an enriched environment can repair learning and memory impairment in offspring rats induced by prenatal stress and to explore its mechanism involving the expression of insulin-like growth factor-2 (IGF-2) and activity-regulated cytoskeletal-associated protein (Arc) in the hippocampus of the offspring.@*METHODS@#Rats were selected to establish a chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) model during pregnancy. Offspring were weaned on 21st day and housed under either standard or an enriched environment. The learning and memory ability were tested using Morris water maze and Y-maze. The expression of IGF-2 and Arc mRNA and protein were respectively measured by using RT-PCR and Western blotting.@*RESULTS@#There was an elevation in the plasma corticosterone level of rat model of maternal chronic stress during pregnancy. Maternal stress's offspring exposed to an enriched environment could decrease their plasma corticosterone level and improve their weight. The offspring of maternal stress during pregnancy exhibited abnormalities in Morris water maze and Y-maze, which were improved in an enriched environment. The expression of IGF-2, Arc mRNA, and protein in offspring of maternal stress during pregnancy was boosted and some relationships existed between these parameters after being exposed enriched environment.@*CONCLUSIONS@#The learning and memory impairment in offspring of prenatal stress can be rectified by the enriched environment, the mechanism of which is related to the decreasing plasma corticosterone and increasing hippocampal IGF-2 and Arc of offspring rats following maternal chronic stress during pregnancy.
Assuntos
Animais , Feminino , Masculino , Gravidez , Ratos , Proteínas do Citoesqueleto/metabolismo , Regulação da Expressão Gênica , Hipocampo/metabolismo , Fator de Crescimento Insulin-Like II/metabolismo , Aprendizagem , Deficiências da Aprendizagem/psicologia , Transtornos da Memória/psicologia , Proteínas do Tecido Nervoso/metabolismo , Efeitos Tardios da Exposição Pré-Natal/psicologia , Distribuição Aleatória , Ratos Wistar , Meio Social , Estresse Psicológico/genéticaRESUMO
O trabalho apresenta as reflexões iniciais do projeto de pós-doutorado desenvolvido no Programa de Pós-Graduação em Comunicação e Cultura da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, que pretende ouvir artistas idosos de dois grupos distintos: no primeiro os sujeitos acometidos por patologias que afetam a memória, entre elas o Alzheimer, em suas fases iniciais; e no segundo sujeitos que se constroem e são construídos identitariamente como idosos, com base em seu lugar etário. Por meio de entrevistas, usando metodologicamente uma técnica que cruza os modos de fazer da história oral com os da entrevista clínica, realizaremos encontros com artistas (músicos, atores, artistas plásticos etc.) procurando perceber as vozes desses indivíduos como sujeitos de comunicação afetados pelo tempo (e, em alguns casos, pela doença).
The work presents the initial reflections of the postdoctoral project developed on the Graduate Program in Communication and Culture at Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, which intends to listen to old artists of two different groups: in the first, subjects affected by pathologies that affect the memory, includin Alzheimer's, in its early stages; and in the second subjects who build and are built identically as old based on their age. Based on interviews, using the foundations of psychological clinic and oral history, we will hold meetings with artists (musicians, actors, visual artists, etc.) seeking to perceive the voices of these individuals as subjects of communication affected by time (and often by the disease).
El trabajo presenta las reflexiones iniciales del proyecto posdoctoral desarrollado con el Programa de Posgrado en Comunicación y Cultura de la Universidad Federal de Río de Janeiro, que pretende escuchar a artistas antiguos de dos grupos diferentes: en el primero, los sujetos afectados por patologías que afectan la memoria, incluido el Alzheimer, en sus primeras etapas; y el segundo sujetos que construyen y se construyen de manera idéntica a los ancianos, en función de su su edad. Mediante el uso de entrevistas, utilizando metodológicamente una técnica que cruza las formas de hacer historia oral con las de la entrevista clínica psicológica, mantendremos reuniones con artistas (músicos, actores, artistas visuales etc.) para percibir las voces de estas personas como sujetos de comunicación afectados por el tiempo (y a menudo por la enfermedad).
Assuntos
Humanos , Idoso , Comportamento Social , Barreiras de Comunicação , Doença de Alzheimer , Transtornos da Memória , Arte , Envelhecimento , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Entrevistas como Assunto , Relações Familiares , Características de História de VidaRESUMO
Abstract Introduction Children with anxiety disorders have been suggested to possess deficits in verbal fluency, shifting and attention, with inconsistent results regarding working memory and its subcomponents. This study extends previous findings by analyzing the performance of children with anxiety disorders in a wide range of neuropsychological functions. Methods We evaluated 54 children with a primary diagnosis of an anxiety disorder according to diagnostic criteria from the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5) using subtests of a neuropsychological battery. The severity of anxiety disorders was assessed using the Pediatric Anxiety Rating Scale (PARS). We calculated the frequency of neuropsychological impairments (-1.5 standard deviation of the normative sample). Comparisons between groups were performed based on the severity of anxiety symptoms, as well as in the presence of one vs. more diagnoses of anxiety disorder. Results We found higher impairment in visuospatial working memory (23.1%), semantic memory (27.8%), oral language (35.4%) and word writing (44.4%) in anxious children. Moreover, children with higher anxiety severity presented lower performance in visuospatial working memory, inferential processing, word reading, writing comprehension, copied writing, and semantic verbal fluency (d = 0.49 to 0.96 [Cohen's d]). The higher the number of anxiety diagnoses, the lower the performance in episodic memory and oral and written language (d = 0.56 to 0.77). Conclusion Our data suggested the presence of memory (visuospatial working memory and semantic memory) and language deficits (oral and writing) in some children with an anxiety disorder. Severity and number of anxiety diagnoses were associated with lower performance in memory and language domains in childhood.
Assuntos
Criança , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Transtornos de Ansiedade/fisiopatologia , Disfunção Cognitiva/fisiopatologia , Transtornos da Linguagem/fisiopatologia , Transtornos da Memória/fisiopatologia , Transtornos de Ansiedade/complicações , Ansiedade de Separação/complicações , Ansiedade de Separação/fisiopatologia , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Disfunção Cognitiva/etiologia , Fobia Social/complicações , Fobia Social/fisiopatologia , Transtornos da Linguagem/etiologia , Transtornos da Memória/etiologiaRESUMO
Abstract Introduction: Tinnitus is a central auditory disorder in which different processing systems are involved as a network. One of these networks is memory. Previous studies have demonstrated some deficits in various types of memory in chronic tinnitus. Objectives: The main purpose of the present study was to investigate the semantic memory, which is not yet investigated in the tinnitus population. Methods: In this case-control study, 15 subjects with chronic tinnitus and 16 matched healthy controls were included. 40 semantically related and 40 semantically unrelated word pairs were presented to the participants in a counter-balanced fashion. They were asked to make decision about their semantic relatedness. Then the participants' reaction times and the accuracy of responses were calculated. Results: Mean of reaction times were significantly longer in the tinnitus group (M = 1034 ms, SD = 0.31) compared to the control group (Mean = 1016 ms, SD = 0.13), p < 0.05. However, no significant difference was found for the mean percentage of correct responses between the two groups. Conclusion: The current study provided behavioral evidence that chronic tinnitus can affect the semantic memory. Such behavioral outcomes may provide new insights into more research activities in the field of electrophysiology and neuroimaging in the tinnitus population.
Resumo Introdução: O zumbido é um distúrbio auditivo central, no qual diferentes sistemas de processamento estão envolvidos como em uma rede. Uma dessas redes é a memória. Estudos anteriores demonstraram alguns déficits em vários tipos de memória no zumbido crônico. Objetivos: Investigar a memória semântica, que ainda não foi investigada na população com zumbido. Método: Neste estudo de caso-controle, 15 indivíduos com zumbido crônico e 16 controles saudáveis pareados foram incluídos; 40 pares de palavras semanticamente relacionados e 40 semanticamente não relacionados foram apresentados aos participantes de forma contrabalançada. Eles foram instruídos a tomar decisões sobre sua relação semântica. Em seguida, os tempos de reação dos participantes e a precisão das respostas foram calculados. Resultados: A média dos tempos de reação foi significativamente maior no grupo com zumbido (M = 1,034 ms, DP = 0,31) em comparação ao grupo controle (média = 1,016 ms, DP = 0,13), p< 0,05. Entretanto, nenhuma diferença significante foi encontrada para a porcentagem média de respostas corretas entre os dois grupos. Conclusão: O presente estudo forneceu evidências comportamentais de que o zumbido crônico pode afetar a memória semântica. Tais resultados comportamentais podem levar a novas percepções em mais atividades de pesquisa no campo da eletrofisiologia e neuroimagem na população com zumbido.