Association of proton pump inhibitors with renal dysfunction: a cross-sectional study

Background: Proton pump inhibitors are the most frequently prescribed class of medications for prescription and over-the-counter, and the data suggest that comorbidities, polypharmacy, self-medication, no clear indications and duration beyond the recommended guidelines PPIs use are associated with renal dysfunction. Aim was to study the proportion of renal dysfunction among patients using oral PPIs and determine the association between the duration of oral PPIs use and the severity of renal dysfunction. Methods: The data collection of 250 patients was done at the time of contact, which included demographic profiles, complete medical history, physical examination, and laboratory investigation in this study. For analysis, name of oral PPIs used, duration and dosage of oral PPIs therapy, laboratory values of serum blood urea, serum creatinine, eGFR, and serum electrolytes parameters have been considered. Results: Amongst 250 patients with PPIs used for a week, 23 patients showed mildly reduced kidney function (p=0.000), PPIs used for >1 to 2 weeks, 29 patients showed grade 2 kidney function (p=0.001), while PPIs used for >2-3 weeks only two patients showed grade 3 kidney function (p=0.44). Patients aged >50 years in all groups showed grade 2 renal function, regardless of the duration of PPIs use. Increasing age, males, rural, smoking, and alcoholics were the risk factors for renal dysfunction. PPIs use significantly impacts eGFR. Conclusions: Collectively, this study found a significant association between PPIs use and renal dysfunction. PPIs used for >2 weeks in elderly patients have shown a 4?fold increased risk of developing renal dysfunction.

Complementary feeding practices in rural area of district Agra.

The study was conducted to assess the prevailing complementary feeding practices. Strikingly 30.9 percent infants were not receiving complementary foods. 21.9 percent mothers initiated complementary feeding at the right age. This was significantly associated with the literacy status of the mothers (p<0.05). 87.1 percent infants were receiving family pot feeding. The complementary foods fed to the infants were mostly (88.6%) of semi-solid consistency. Demand feeding was being practiced by 66.7 percent mothers. The practice of cleaning hands before feeding was very poor with only 17.1%. Thus to conclude the complementary feeding practices were not satisfactory in the rural area of Agra and need to be improved.

Evaluation of apical seal with Renew (calcium hydroxide) and Synthograft (tricalcium phosphate) in teeth with open apices.

The study was conducted in vivo (30 teeth) and in-vitro (135 teeth) to evaluate the leakage of apical plug with Renew, Synthograft and Control. In-vivo it was observed that Renew is significantly effective and it showed its immediate effect after filling whereas the Synthograft is not effective immediately but it is effective after 3 months and in control group the apical plug was effective after six months. When examined in vitro, it was observed that there was more leakage in Synthograft and control as compared to Renew in anterior, premolars and molars.