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Objective To probe into the mechanism of Shexiang Baoxin Pill in homo-therapy for heteropathy for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and coronary heart disease (CHD) based on network pharmacology. Methods All chemical components and action targets of these seven traditional Chinese medical in Shexiang Baoxin Pill were screened by Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform (TCMSP), Traditional Chinese Medicines Integrated Database (TCMID), The Encyclopedia of Traditional Chinese Medicine (ETCM) and BATMAN-TCM platform, and the DisGeNET and GeneCards databases were used to obtain CHD and T2DM-related Disease targets. The “drug-component-target” network map was constructed by Cytoscape 3.8.2 software, the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network map was constructed by STRING database, and the GO biological process analysis and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis were performed on the common targets of Shexiang Baoxin Pill for T2DM and CHD using DAVID online database. Results A total of 101 potential active ingredients for the treatment of T2DM and CHD in Shexiang Baoxin Pill were screened out, corresponding to 229 targets. Network analysis results showed that the common main active ingredients in Shexiang Baoxin Pill for treating T2DM and CHD might be chenodeoxycholic acid, ursodeoxycholic acid, cinnamic aldehyde, bile acids, cinnamic acid, and ginsenosides. The results of pathway enrichment analysis showed that the mechanism of action of Shexiang Baoxin Pill in the treatment of type 2 diabetes and coronary heart disease in treating T2DM and CHD might be related to the inhibition of inflammatory response and oxidative stress. Conclusion Shexiang Baoxin Pill could play a role in treating CHD and T2DM through multiple components, multiple targets and multiple pathways, which provided a certain theoretical basis for the clinical application and further research of Shexiang Baoxin Pill.
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Objective To explore the clinical characteristics and prognostic factors of elderly patients with commu-nity-acquired bloodstream infection(CA-BSI),and provide basis for clinical treatment and prevention.Methods Medical records of elderly patients diagnosed with CA-BSI in a tertiary first-class hospital of Changsha from 2017 to 2021 were collected.Patients were divided into a survival group and a death group according to the prognosis after 30 days hospitalization.The differences in clinical data between two groups of patients were compared,and influen-cing factors for the prognosis in CA-BSI patients were analyzed.Results A total of 575 elderly CA-BSI patients were included in the analysis,with 535 cases in the survival group and 40 cases in the death group.Univariate ana-lysis results suggested that death of elderly CA-BSI patients was related to gender,age,history of hemodialysis,glucocorticoid usage,indwelling catheter,concomitant heart disease,albumin,creatinine,and sequential organ fai-lure assessment(SOFA)score(all P<0.05).Multivariate logistic regression analysis results suggested that old age(OR=1.062,95%CI:1.016-1.109),high SOFA score(OR=1.161,95%CI:1.067-1.262),glucocorti-coid usage(OR=6.006,95%CI:2.441-14.774)were independent risk factors for the death of elderly CA-BSI patients,while normal albumin(OR=0.942,95%CI:0.891-0.995)was a protective factor.Conclusion Elderly CA-BSI patients have high risks of death.It is necessary to improve the immunity of patients as well as use antimi-crobial agents and glucocorticoids rationally,so as to reduce the risk of death in patients.
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Objective:To explore the feasibility of a stable pig-to-monkey orthotopic liver transplantation (LT) model and provide a favorable experimental tool for preclinical studies of xenotransplantation.Methods:In this retrospective analysis, the authors reviewed the perioperative conditions and outcomes of 7 pig-to-monkey orthotopic liver transplants performed by a xenotransplantation research team of Second Xiangya Hospital.Gene-edited Banna miniature pigs were selected as donors and rhesus monkeys with similar anatomical characteristics, physiology, biochemistry and immune mechanism to humans were selected as recipients for pig-monkey xenogeneic orthotopic LT.Based upon classic transplantation procedures, whole liver xenogeneic orthotopic transplantation was performed.Surgical processes were modified for minimizing intraoperative hemorrhage and shortening anhepatic period.A bile duct drainage tube was implanted for observing bile secretion.ATG + anti-CD20 + snake venom factor and FK-506 were utilized for immunoinduction pre-operation while tacrolimus, mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) and methyl prednisolone for postoperative immunomaintenance therapy.Antibiotics and antiviral agents were also applied and thrombin complex for improving coagulation functions.Results:All procedures were successfully completed.After the stability and maturity of our model, in case No.7, donor's acquisition operative duration was 42 min without heat ischemic time, donor's trimming time 87 min, donor cold retention time 128 min, recipient's operative duration 123 min and anhepatic phase 27 min.Subhepatic inferior vena cava was occluded for 38 min.Blood loss was around 10 ml.And 4/7 models survived post-operation and the longest survival time was 27 h. Among 3 non-survival cases, the causes were anesthesia accident (n=1) and immaturity of early operation (n=2). Model No.7 had a biliary secretion volume of 86 ml post-operation.Conclusions:Qualified donor acquisition, high-quality vascular anastomosis, intraoperative reduction of blood loss, shortening of anhepatic period, strict fluid replenishing and careful monitoring are essential for boosting the success rate of pig-monkey liver xenotransplantation model.Optimization of donor gene combination and advanced immunosuppression protocol help to further achieve the long-term survival of pig-monkey liver xenotransplantation model.
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Objective To study the mechanism of Shexiang Baoxin pill in the treatment of atherosclerosis, and to provide a theoretical basis for long-term clinical application. Methods The chemical components and targets of Shexiang Baoxin pill were collected and screened by TCMSP, TCMID, ETCM and BATMAN databases. The targets related to atherosclerosis were collected and screened by DisGeNet, OMIM, TCMSP, DrugBank and DisGeNet. Drug-compound target network and protein-protein interaction network were constructed. Go and KEGG enrichment analysis of Shexiang Baoxin pill in the treatment of atherosclerosis were carried out on MetaScape platform. Results 114 potential therapeutic components of Shexiang Baoxin pill on atherosclerosis were selected, corresponding to 175 targets. The results of network analysis showed that the main active components of Shexiang Baoxin pill were chenodeoxycholic acid, ursodeoxycholic acid, cinnamaldehyde and ginsenoside Rb1. The results of pathway enrichment showed that the anti-atherosclerotic mechanism of Shexiang Baoxin pill was related to the regulation of immunity, inflammation, and metabolism. Conclusion The active components of Shexiang Baoxin pill could act on ALB, INS, AKT1, ACTB, TNF, IL-6 and other targets, regulating multiple pathways to achieve the therapeutic effect on atherosclerosis.
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Objective:To investigate the effect of ginkgo biloba extract (GBE) on oxidative stress in medial prefrontal cortex and excitatory/inhibitory balance of pyramidal neurons in chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS)-induced depressive model mice.Methods:Totally 48 SPF grade 7-week-old male C57BL/6J mice were divided into 4 groups according to random number table method: control+ saline group (CTRL+ Veh), control+ GBE group (CTRL+ GBE), model+ saline group (CUMS+ Veh), model+ GBE group (CUMS+ GBE), with 12 mice in each group.Mice in CUMS+ Veh group and CUMS+ GBE group were established by CUMS method, and mice in CTRL+ GBE group and CUMS+ GBE group were intraperitoneally injected with GBE (70 mg/kg) once a day, and mice in CTRL+ Veh group and CUMS+ Veh group were injected intraperitoneally with 0.9% sodium chloride solution.Then, the sucrose preference test, forced swimming test (FST) and tail suspension test (TST) were performed to evaluate the depressive-like behavior of mice, and open field test (OFT) was performed to evaluate the autonomous locomotion and exploration ability and anxiety-like behavior.The content of malondialdehyde (MDA) and activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) in mPFC were determined by ELISA.Spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic currents (sEPSC) and spontaneous inhibitory postsynaptic currents (sIPSC) were detected by whole-cell recording.SPSS 23.0 was used for data analysis and two-factor analysis of variance(whether to get GBE, whether to mold, show as GBE×CUMS) was used for statistical analysis.Results:(1) Behavioral results: the the time spent in center and total distance of OFT and sugar preference rate of the four groups of mice were compared, and the interaction of GBE×CUMS was significant( F=24.90, 4.82, 3.91, all P<0.05). The results of simple effect analysis showed that the time spent in center ((47.15±3.58) s), the total distance((19.33±0.86) m) and the sugar preference rate((59.11±8.79)%) of the mice in CUMS+ Veh group were lower than those in the CTRL+ Veh group((61.55±2.49) s, (23.24±1.21) m, (84.02±7.45) %) (all P<0.01), and the above indexes in CUMS+ GBE group ((56.51±3.53) s, (20.75±1.31) m, (70.80±11.79)%) were higher than those in CUMS+ Veh group (all P<0.05). In the immobility time of FST and TST of mice in the 4 groups, the interaction of GBE×CUMS were significant( F=85.53, 83.39, both P<0.01). The immobility time of FST and TST in CUMS+ Veh group were higher than those in CTRL+ Veh group (both P<0.01 ), and the above indexes in CUMS+ GBE group were lower than CUMS+ Veh group(both P<0.05). (2)The results of ELISA showed that the interaction of GBE×CUMS of SOD level of mice in the 4 groups was not significant ( F=3.52, P=0.07), but the main effects of GBE factor and CUMS factor were both significant ( F=4.69, 46.93, both P<0.05). The interaction of GBE×CUMS of MDA level was significant( F=16.61, P<0.01). The level of SOD in the CUMS+ Veh group was lower than that in the CTRL+ Veh group ( P<0.01), and the level of SOD in the CUMS+ GBE group was higher than that in the CUMS+ Veh group ( P<0.05). The level of MDA in the CUMS+ Veh group was higher than that of the CTRL+ Veh group ( P<0.01), and the level of MDA in CUMS+ GBE group was lower than that of the CUMS+ Veh group ( P<0.01). (3) The results of whole-cell recording showed that the interaction of GBE×CUMS of frequency and quantification of sEPSC in the four groups were significant ( F=5.45, 6.94, both P<0.05). The sEPSC frequency and quantification in the CUMS+ Veh group were lower than those in the CTRL+ Veh group (both P<0.01), and the sEPSC frequency and quantification in CUMS+ GBE group were higher than those of CUMS+ Veh group (both P<0.05). The interaction of GBE×CUMS of frequency and quantification of sIPSC in the four groups were significant ( F=7.78, 8.96, both P<0.01). The sIPSC frequency and quantification of the CUMS+ Veh group were higher than those of CTRL+ Veh group (both P<0.01), and the above indexes of CUMS+ GBE group were lower than those of CUMS+ Veh group (both P<0.01). As for the sEPSC/sIPSC ratio, GBE×CUMS interaction was significant ( F=5.45, P=0.02). The sEPSC/sIPSC ratio of CUMS+ Veh group (0.09±0.01) was lower than that of CTRL+ Veh group (0.28±0.04) ( P<0.01), and the sEPSC/sIPSC ratio of CUMS+ GBE group (0.14±0.03) was higher than that of CUMS+ Veh group ( P<0.05). Conclusion:Ginkgo biloba extract can improve the depression-like behavior of mice induced by CUMS, reduce the oxidative stress of mPFC and improve the excitation/inhibition balance of pyramidal neurons in depressive model mice.
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Cataract is one of the major causes of vision loss and even blindness in patients, and surgery is the only effective method to treat it. The pathogenesis and precaution of cataract remain hot issues in ophthalmological research. With the maturation of biotechnology in recent years, modeling methods and species of experimental animals have become more diverse, which are still the mainstay of cataract mechanism research. However, the ideal animal model of cataract has yet to be constructed due to the complexity of human cataract etiology. Herein, the modeling principles, in vivo or in vitro modeling methods, characteristics, and existing problems of animal models of cataract are summarized according to etiology, providing the theoretical foundation for the construction of a comprehensive animal model that more closely resembles the human cataract.
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ObjectiveTo explore the effect of paliperidone palmitate treatment on schizophrenic patients in the community. Methods446 schizophrenic patients who used paliperidone palmitate injection were selected in Shanghai. Before and after the treatment, the disease family burden scale, the concise evaluation scale of drug treatment compliance, the VAS100 score of treatment satisfaction, the short form of quality of life measurement scale, and the screening scale of social function defects were used to evaluate the effects of paliperidone palmitate injection. The data were statistically analyzed using SPSS 26.0 software. ResultsAfter using paliperidone palmitate injection, the total score of family burden (13.94±12.17), the score of daily family activities (3.26±2.74), the score of family entertainment activities (2.21±2.30), and the score of family relationship (2.79±2.76) were significantly higher than those before the treatment (14.98±12.64, 3.51±2.88, 2.48±2.38, 3.11±2.87, respectively, all with P<0.05). The scores of the World Health Organization on quality of life brief scale (62.89±11.94) and the medication compliance scale (28.11±5.64) were better than those before treatment (60.67±12.62 and 27.37±6.96, all with P<0.05). Compared with the prior treatment without paliperidone palmitate injection, the number of readmissions after treatment was significantly reduced (P<0.01). ConclusionThe treatment of paliperidone palmitate injection has significant effect, which can effectively reduce the disease family burden of Schizophrenic patients, improve their quality of life, enhance their drug compliance, reduce the readmission rate of patients, ensure long-term treatment effect and promote disease recovery.
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Objective To analyze the equity and efficiency of resource allocation for management and treatment of severe mental disorders in Shanghai in 2020, and to provide a foundation for making relevant policies. Methods Data on resource allocation for the management and treatment of severe mental disorders in 17 district-level mental health institutions in 2020 were collected. The Gini coefficient was used to evaluate the equity of resource allocation by population and geographic area, and data envelopment analysis was carried out to analyze the equity of resource allocation. Results The Gini coefficients of special funds, psychiatric medical staff and actual open beds according to population were 0.24, 0.25 and 0.27, respectively. The Gini coefficients according to area were 0.54, 0.62 and 0.64, respectively. The average efficiency of resource allocation was 0.865. There were 5 institutions where DEA was effective, accounting for 29.41%. There were 12 institutions where DEA was non-effective, accounting for 70.59%. Conclusion The equity of resources allocation for the management and treatment of severe mental disorders according to population is good, but the equity of allocation based on geographic area is not high. The efficiency of resource allocation needs to be further improved. It is suggested that the resource allocation should be optimized to promote the fairness and efficiency of resource allocation for the management and treatment of severe mental disorders.
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Background and Objectives@#This study aims to clarify the systems underlying regulation and regulatory roles of hydrogen combined with 5-Aza in the myogenic differentiation of adipose mesenchymal stem cells (ADSCs). @*Methods@#and Results: In this study, ADSCs acted as an in vitro myogenic differentiating mode. First, the Alamar blue Staining and mitochondrial tracer technique were used to verify whether hydrogen combined with 5-Aza could promote cell proliferation. In addition, this study assessed myogenic differentiating markers (e.g., Myogenin, Mhc and Myod protein expressions) based on the Western blotting assay, analysis on cellular morphological characteristics (e.g., Myotube number, length, diameter and maturation index), RT-PCR (Myod, Myogenin and Mhc mRNA expression) and Immunofluorescence analysis (Desmin, Myosin and β-actin protein expression). Finally, to verify the mechanism of myogenic differentiation of hydrogen-bound 5-Aza, we performed bioinformatics analysis and Western blot to detect the expression of p-P38 protein. Hydrogen combined with 5-Aza significantly enhanced the proliferation and myogenic differentiation of ADSCs in vitro by increasing the number of single-cell mitochondria and upregulating the expression of myogenic biomarkers such as Myod, Mhc and myotube formation. The expressions of p-P38 was up-regulated by hydrogen combined with 5-Aza. The differentiating ability was suppressed when the cells were cultivated in combination with SB203580 (p38 MAPK signal pathway inhibitor). @*Conclusions@#Hydrogen alleviates the cytotoxicity of 5-Aza and synergistically promotes the myogenic differentiation capacity of adipose stem cells via the p38 MAPK pathway. Thus, the mentioned results present insights into myogenic differentiation and are likely to generate one potential alternative strategy for skeletal muscle related diseases.
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ObjectiveTo explore the relapse status based on the positive and negative syndrome scale (PANSS Scale) and related factors of schizophrenics in Shanghai communities, and to analyze the association between socio demographic characteristics, lifestyles, clinical characteristics and relapse. MethodsA dynamic cohort prospective study design was used in this study. From March 2018 to February 2019, a total of 189 schizophrenics in Xuhui, Hongkou, Changning, Jiading, Songjiang and Baoshan districts were enrolled successively. Baseline questionnaires were conducted through face-to-face interviews at baseline, which contained social demographic information, lifestyle information and clinical information. A follow-up was conducted every 2 weeks for a measurement of PANSS Scale for a total of 6 months. Relapse was assessed by a PANSS score increase of ≥25% from baseline (or an increase of 10 points or more if the baseline score was ≤40 points). Univariate and multivariate Cox regression models were used to analyze the associations between relapse status (assessed by PANSS Scale) and socio demographic characteristics, lifestyles, and clinical characteristics, respectively. ResultsA total of 165 community schizophrenics completed baseline and follow-up surveys, with a loss to follow-up rate of about 12.7%. After exclusion of sociodemographic and clinical information deficits, 132 patients were included in the analysis totally, with an average age of 48.18±12.67 years, among whom 41.67% were male. Totally 33 patients relapsed during the 6-month follow-up period, with a relapse rate of 25.0%. After adjusting for gender, family history, age, employment, education, marital status, smoking, drinking, exercise frequency, medication compliance, insight, social function, violence history, stress recent events, adverse drug reactions and baseline scores of PANSS Scale, risk factors of relapse included the following four factors: age below 40 years (HR=4.47, 95%CI: 1.15-17.40), primary school or below (HR=7.11, 95%CI: 1.54-32.83), unemployed (HR=8.34, 95%CI: 1.78-38.98), and adverse drug reactions (HR=5.02, 95%CI: 1.75-14.37). ConclusionWe should pay attention to the risk factors such as age, education, employment and adverse drug reactions, in order to identify high-risk patients and to conduct timely interventions during the relapse management of schizophrenics in Shanghai community.
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BackgroundAlcohol use disorder (AUD) is a type of chronic relapsing brain disorder. Genetic factors play an important role in the pathogenesis of AUD. And screening for molecular markers of AUD is of great significance for further elucidating the pathogenesis of the disease, discovering novel therapeutic targets and preventing relapse. ObjectiveTo explore relevant hub genes and potential signal pathways associated with the development of AUD through bioinformatics analysis, and to provide a new direction for the prevention and treatment of AUD. MethodsThe GSE161986 dataset was acquired from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. The limma package in R was utilized to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was carried out using the Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery (DAVID). A protein–protein interaction (PPI) network of DEGs was assessed using the STRING database and visualized by Cytoscape software. Finally, hub genes were validated in GSE44456 dataset. ResultsA total of 114 DEGs were identified. GSEA revealed that these genes were mainly involved in the regulation of signal transduction, protein binding, membrane trafficking and MAPK signaling pathway. PPI network and validation study indicated that GAD1, TIMP1 and CD44 were potential hub genes involved in AUD. ConclusionAberrant expression of GAD1 and TIMP1 as well as MAPK signaling pathway may play a key role in the pathogenesis of AUD, and may serve as potential molecular targets for the diagnosis and treatment of AUD. [Funded by "Flying Project" of Shanghai Mental Health Center (number, 2022-FX-01)]
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With the escalation of plastic bans and restrictions, bio-based plastics, represented by polylactic acid (PLA), have become a major alternative to traditional plastics in the current market and are unanimously regarded as having potential for development. However, there are still several misconceptions about bio-based plastics, whose complete degradation requires specific composting conditions. Bio-based plastics might be slow to degrade when it is released into the natural environment. They might also be harmful to humans, biodiversity and ecosystem function as traditional petroleum-based plastics do. In recent years, with the increasing production capacity and market size of PLA plastics in China, there is an urgent need to investigate and further strengthen the management of the life cycle of PLA and other bio-based plastics. In particular, the in-situ biodegradability and recycling of hard-to-recycle bio-based plastics in the ecological environment should be focused. This review introduces the characteristics, synthesis and commercialization of PLA plastics, summarizes the current research progress of microbial and enzymatic degradation of PLA plastics, and discusses their biodegradation mechanisms. Moreover, two bio-disposal methods against PLA plastic waste, including microbial in-situ treatment and enzymatic closed-loop recycling, are proposed. At last, the prospects and trends for the development of PLA plastics are presented.
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Humans , Ecosystem , Biodegradable Plastics , Polyesters , Biodegradation, EnvironmentalРеферат
ABSTRACT Introduction Basketball has become a part of college students' after-school life mainly due to the widespread basketball culture on the college campus, especially due to the successful promotion of NBA, CBA, college basketball super league, and other elite sports events. Objective This study aims to study the frequently occurring basketball sports injuries among college basketball graduate students, determine the causes and characteristics of these sports injuries, and propose preventive measures. Methods Based on the anatomical structure and function of the knee joint and the sports characteristics of basketball, 92 college basketball athletes were statistically analyzed for their sports injuries during 12 weeks of training through questionnaires, expert interviews, and other research methods. Results The types of injuries college basketball players mainly reported were concerning meniscus and medial collateral ligament injury, followed by knee bursitis and, finally, anterior cruciate ligament injury. Conclusion With the continuous growth of the basketball training period, the proportion of sports injuries to the knee joints of sports training students gradually decreased. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes.
RESUMO Introdução O basquetebol tornou-se parte da vida pós-escolar dos estudantes universitários principalmente devido a ampla difusão da cultura do basquetebol no campus universitário, especialmente devido a promoção bem sucedida da NBA, CBA, super liga de basquetebol universitário e outros eventos esportivos de elite. Objetivo Este estudo visa estudar as lesões esportivas que frequentemente ocorrem no basquetebol entre os estudantes universitários graduados em basquetebol, descobrir as causas e as características dessas lesões esportivas, propondo medidas preventivas. Métodos Com base na análise da estrutura anatômica e função da articulação do joelho e das características esportivas do basquetebol, 92 atletas universitários de basquetebol foram analisados estatisticamente para suas lesões esportivas durante as 12 semanas de treinamento por meio de questionários, entrevistas com especialistas e outros métodos de pesquisa. Resultados Os tipos de lesão dos jogadores universitários de basquetebol principalmente relatados foram referentes ao menisco e a lesão ligamentar colateral medial, seguida de bursite no joelho e, finalmente, lesão ligamentar cruzada anterior. Conclusão Com o crescimento contínuo do período de treinamento de basquetebol, a proporção de lesões esportivas nas articulações do joelho dos estudantes especializados em treinamento esportivo diminuiu gradualmente. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos - investigação dos resultados do tratamento.
RESUMEN Introducción El baloncesto se ha convertido en una parte de la vida postescolar de los estudiantes universitarios debido principalmente a la amplia difusión de la cultura del baloncesto en los campus universitarios, especialmente por la exitosa promoción de la NBA, la CBA, la superliga universitaria de baloncesto y otros eventos deportivos de élite. Objetivo Este estudio pretende estudiar las lesiones deportivas de baloncesto que se producen con frecuencia entre los estudiantes universitarios de baloncesto, averiguar las causas y características de estas lesiones deportivas y proponer medidas preventivas. Métodos A partir del análisis de la estructura anatómica y la función de la articulación de la rodilla y de las características deportivas del baloncesto, se analizaron estadísticamente las lesiones deportivas de 92 deportistas universitarios de baloncesto durante 12 semanas de entrenamiento mediante cuestionarios, entrevistas a expertos y otros métodos de investigación. Resultados Los principales tipos de lesión registrados en los jugadores universitarios de baloncesto fueron las lesiones de menisco y del ligamento colateral medial, seguidas de la bursitis de rodilla y, por último, la lesión del ligamento cruzado anterior. Conclusión Con el crecimiento continuo del periodo de entrenamiento de baloncesto, la proporción de lesiones deportivas en las articulaciones de la rodilla en estudiantes especializados en entrenamiento deportivo disminuyó gradualmente. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos - investigación de los resultados del tratamiento.
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Objective:To explore the effect of potentially inappropriate medication (PIM) on frailty among community-dwelling elderly patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI).Methods:From March to July 2021, a total of 252 elderly patients with MCI in Hefei community were selected.The data of basic information and PIM of subjects were collected.All subjects were assessed by the comprehensive frailty assessment instrument (CFAI), Montreal cognitive assessment scale-basic (MoCA-B), and the Barthel index (BI). The subjects were divided into PIM group ( n=136) and non-PIM group ( n=94) according to whether there was PIM.Taking the confounding factors as the matching condition, the subjects of the two groups were matched with 1∶1 propensity score.After matching, there were 52 in the PIM group and 52 in the non-PIM group.SPSS 23.0 was used for data analysis.Multivariate Logistic regression analysis was performed to analyze the effect of PIM on frailty of subjects. Results:(1)Before matching, the incidence of frailty in PIM group and non-PIM group were 80.9% and 19.1%, respectively, with statistically significant differences ( P<0.01). Logistic regression analysis revealed that PIM was a risk factor for the frailty ( β=1.704, OR=5.495, 95% CI=2.539-11.892). (2)After matching, the confounders of age, hearing status, chewing function, activities of daily living, Charlson comorbidity index, handgrip strength, and cognitive function were balanced and comparable between the two groups.The incidence of frailty in PIM group and non-PIM group were 67.9% and 32.1%, respectively.The differences remained statistically significant ( P<0.01). PIM remained a risk factor for frailty ( β=1.791, OR=5.998, 95% CI=2.393-15.032). Conclusion:PIM is a risk factor for the occurrence of frailty in elderly patients with MCI.Therefore, the accurate screening and standardized management of PIM will provide a new target for the frailty management of elderly patients with MCI.
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ObjectiveTo explore the mechanism of Fangji Fulingtang in the treatment of acute kidney injury (AKI) induced by ischemia-reperfusion based on network pharmacology and experimental verification. MethodActive components of Fangji Fulingtang were retrieved from Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform (TCMSP) and previous report and targets of these components were predicted by SwissTargetPrediction. The targets of AKI were searched from GeneCards, Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM), the database of gene-disease associations (DisGeNET), and Therapeutic Target Database (TTD). Protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed by STRING. Metascape was used for Gene Ontology (GO) term enrichment and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment of core targets. Cytoscape was employed to construct the "medicinal-active component-target-disease" network and “active component-target-pathway” network. AutoDock was applied for molecular docking. Finally, animal experiment was carried out to validate the mechanism of Fangji Fulingtang in treatment of AKI. ResultA total of 137 active components and 858 targets of Fangji Fulingtang, 1 294 targets of AKI, and 267 targets of Fangji Fulingtang in the treatment of AKI were screened out. Phosphoinositide-3-kinase regulatory subunit 1 (PIK3R1), phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha (PIK3CA), proto-oncogene tyrosine protein kinase (SRC), protein kinase B1 (Akt1), and mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 (MAPK3) were the key anti-AKI targets of Fangji Fulingtang, which were involved in 1 609 GO terms, particularly cell response to lipids, membrane rafts, and protein kinase activity, and 140 KEGG pathways such as PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, chemokine signaling pathway, and Toll-like receptor signaling pathway. Molecular docking showed that the core active components had strong binding affinity to the key targets. The hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining results indicated that Fangji Fulingtang can significantly improve the pathological state and the serological results suggested that the levels of serum creatinine (SCr) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) were significantly reduced. ConclusionThis study clarified the mechanism of Fangji Fulingtang in the treatment of AKI and found that Fangji Fulingtang had the multi-component, multi-target, and multi-pathway characteristics in the treatment of AKI. The result lays a foundation for further study of its specific mechanism.
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ObjectiveTo observe the effects of Qingzao Jiufeitang on the expression of adenosine 5′-monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK), mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), and UNC-51-like kinase 1 (ULK1) in lung cancer cells after the application of AMPK inhibitor (compound C). MethodMale C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into a model group, a cyclophosphamide (CTX) group (50 mg·kg-1), a Qingzao Jiufeitang group (11 g·kg-1), an AMPK inhibitor group (10 mg·kg-1), and a Qingzao Jiufeitang combined with AMPK inhibitor group (combination group) (11 g·kg-1+10 mg·kg-1). Lewis lung cancer cells were subcutaneously injected into the right axilla to induce a tumor-bearing model. 24 hours after modeling, the mice in the CTX group were intraperitoneally injected once every other day for seven times in total. The mice in the AMPK inhibitor group and the combination group received intraperitoneal injection of compound C, once a day for 14 days. The mice in the Qingzao Jiufeitang group and the combination group were administered orally at the set dose for 14 days before and after modeling. At the end of the experiment, the mice in each group were sacrificed. The tumor-bearing tissues were collected, and the tumor weight of each group was counted. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was used to observe the formation of autolysosomes in lung cancer tissues of each group. Western blot was used to detect the protein expression of AMPK, phosphorylated AMPK (p-AMPK), mTOR, phosphorylated mTOR (p-mTOR), ULK1, phosphorylated ULK1 (p-ULK1), microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3B (LC3B), and p62. Hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining was used to observe the pathological changes of lung cancer in each group. ResultCompared with the model group, the Qingzao Jiufeitang group showed decreased tumor weight (P<0.01), the formation of autolysosomes under the electron microscope, increased protein expression of p-AMPK, p-ULK1, LC3B, LC3B-Ⅱ, and p-AMPK/AMPK, p-ULK1/ULK1, and LC3B-Ⅱ/LC3B-Ⅰratios (P<0.01, P<0.05), and reduced protein expression of p-mTOR, p62, and p-mTOR/mTOR ratio (P<0.05). Compared with the Qingzao Jiufeitang group, the combination group showed no autolysosomes formation under the electron microscope, decreased protein expression of p-AMPK, p-ULK1, LC3B, LC3B-Ⅱ, and p-AMPK/AMPK, p-ULK1/ULK1, LC3B-Ⅱ/LC3B-Ⅰ ratios (P<0.05, P<0.01), and increased p62 protein expression (P<0.05). HE staining results showed that the pathological changes of lung cancer tissues in the groups with drug intervention were improved compared with those in the model group. ConclusionQingzao Jiufeitang can promote the elevation of LC3B-Ⅱ and decrease the expression of p62 protein, thus inducing autophagy. The mechanism of autophagy initiation may be achieved by the AMPK/ULK1 pathway instead of the mediation by the AMPK/mTOR/ULK1 pathway.
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ObjectiveTo evaluate the clinical efficacy of TDP (specific electromagnetic wave) combined with Osteoking in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis of Qi stagnation and blood stasis type. MethodA total of 104 patients with knee osteoarthritis of Qi stagnation and blood stasis type, who received conservative therapy in The Third People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region from July 2019 to December 2021, were randomized into the control group and study group with the random number table method, 52 cases in either group. The control group was treated with TDP, and the study group with TDP and Osteoking. The treatment lasted 1 week for both groups, with 1-month follow-up. Subjective indexes of visual analog scale (VAS) score and Western Ontario McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) score, and objective indexes of visual tenderness index and visual knee range of motion were determined before and after treatment to evaluate the pain and functions of patients. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) syndrome score was calculated. The serum erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) were detected before and after treatment, and the total clinical effective rate was calculated. ResultBefore treatment, the baseline information and all the scores of the two groups were comparable. After treatment, the VAS score, WOMAC score, tenderness index, knee range of motion, and TCM syndrome score were improved in both groups (P<0.01). After the treatment, the VAS score and WOMAC score of the study group were lower than those of the control group (P<0.01) and the improvement of tenderness index in the study group was better than that in the control group (P<0.05). The knee range of motion in the study group was better than that in the control group (P=0.061). The TCM syndrome score of study group was lower than that of control group (P<0.01) after treatment. The post-treatment serum ESR and hs-CRP level in the two groups decreased significantly after treatment, and the study group were lower than those of the control group (P<0.01). The total clinical effective rate of the study group was 90.4%(47/52), as compared with the 53.8%(28/52) in the control group (P<0.05). No obvious adverse events occurred during treatment in both groups. ConclusionThe clinical efficacy of TDP combined with Osteoking in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis of Qi stagnation and blood stasis type is remarkable, which can improve knee pain and functions, alleviate TCM syndrome, and reduce inflammatory indexes, with high safety.
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Objective@#To analyze the current status and equity of mental health resources allocation in Shanghai Municipality, so as to provide data supports to formulate mental health action plans and relevant policies. .@*Methods@#The data pertaining to mental health institutions, actual beds opened, certified or assistant psychiatrists and registered nurses was collected from the Survey of the Current Status on Mental Health Resources in Shanghai Municipality in 2020. The equity of mental health resources allocated by population and geographical area in Shanghai Municipality was evaluated with Lorenz curve and Gini coefficient@*Results@#There were 96 mental health institutions, 15 060 actual beds opened, 257 certified or assistant psychiatrists and 2 887 registered nurses in Shanghai Municipality in 2020, with a physician-to-nurse ratio of 1∶2.30. The greatest numbers of actual beds opened in the department of psychiatrics, the number of certified or assistant psychiatrists and the number of registered nurses per 10 000 residents and per km2 were all found the central urban areas. The numbers of actual beds opened in the department of psychiatrics, the number of certified or assistant psychiatrists and the number of registered nurses per 10 000 residents were 6.06 beds, 0.51 physicians and 1.16 nurses, with Gini coefficients of 0.36, 0.42 and 0.44, respectively, and the numbers of actual beds opened in the department of psychiatrics, the number of certified or assistant psychiatrists and the number of registered nurses per km2 were 2.38 beds, 0.20 physicians and 0.46 nurses, with Gini coefficients of 0.72, 0.76 and 0.75, respectively. @*Conclusions@#There was a gross equity in mental health resources allocated by population and geographical area in Shanghai Municipality in 2020, which showed an improvement as compared to 2015. The equity in mental health resources allocated by geographical area was lower than that by population in Shanghai Municipality.
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@#Objective To investigate the effectiveness and safety of totally endoscopic transmitral myectomy (TETM) for hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM), comparing with traditional sternotomy modified Morrow procedure (SMMP). Methods Thirty-eight patients with HOCM who needed surgical intervention were selected from our hospital in 2019, including 14 males and 24 females, with an average age of 56 (44-68) years. According to the operation method, they were divided into a TETM group (n=18) and a SMMP group (n=20). Appropriate patients were screened by propensity matching scores. Finally, the clinical data of two matched groups were compared and
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The global morbidity and mortality of cardiovascular diseases remain high. Atherosclerosis is an important pathological basis of cardiovascular diseases, and its pathogenic mechanism has not been fully clarified. It was reported that pathogenic mechanism of atherosclerosis is related to vascular endothelial cell injury, lipid metabolism disorder, inflammatory reaction, imbalance between autophagy and apoptosis, et al. Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) formula has shown good effects in the prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis. There are a lot of studies that showed the anti-atherosclerosis effect and the mechanism of TCM formula. In this paper, we reviewed the mechanism of anti-atherosclerosis action of TCM formula by summarizing the research literatures in the past five years, and provide reference for the further systematic study of anti-atherosclerosis effect of TCM formula.