Seasonal characteristics of scarlet fever in Songjiang District, Shanghai in 2012-2021 / 公共卫生与预防医学

Objective To analyze the seasonal characteristics of scarlet fever in Songjiang District from 2012 to 2021, and to provide references for the prevention and control of scarlet fevers. Methods The incidence data of scarlet fever in Songjiang District from 2012 to 2021 were collected through the China Disease Prevention and Control Information System. The seasonal characteristics and peak of scarlet fever incidence were analyzed using concentration and circular distribution methods. Results The average annual reported incidence rate of scarlet fever in Songjiang District from 2012 to 2021 was 20.15/100 000. The M value of the concentration analysis was 0.18. The results of the circular distribution method showed that the peak day of scarlet fever from March to August was May 12, and the epidemic peak period was from April 3 to June 20. From September to February of the next year, the peak day of scarlet fever was December 21, and the epidemic peak period was from December 2 to January 9 of the next year. The differences were all statistically significant (P values were all less than 0.05). Conclusion The peaks of scarlet fever in Songjiang District mainly occur in May and December. It is suggested that the monitoring methods and prevention strategies should be adjusted in time according to Seasonal characteristics of scarlet fever.

A new xanthone from the Polygala tenuifolia Willd. of northern Shaanxi / 药学学报

Ten compounds were isolated and purified from ethanol extracts of dried roots bark of Polygala tenuifolia Willd. by various chromatography techniques such as silica gel and Sephadex LH-20. Their structures were identified by analysis of physicochemical properties and spectral data, and determined as β-sitosterol (1), tenuifolin (2), 6-methoxy coumarin (3), 7-phenyl-1-hydroxy-2,3,6-trimethoxyxanthone (4), 1,8-dihydroxy-3,4,7-trimethoxyanthone (5), mangiferin (6), quercetin-3-O-β-D-glucoside (7), rutin (8), syringaldehyde (9), salicylicacid (10). Among them, compounds 3, 4 and 5 were isolated from the genus of Ploygala for the first time and compound 4 was a new xanthone. The acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activities of compounds 3, 4 and 5 were evaluated by Ellman colorimetric method, compounds 3 and 5 exhibited moderate inhibitory activity, compound 4 exhibited weak inhibitory activity.

Effect of three intrinsic foot muscle exercises on cross-sectional area of abductor hallucis muscle and foot morphology in subjects with flatfoot / 中国康复理论与实践

ObjectiveTo compare the effect of three kinds of intrinsic foot muscle exercise on flatfoot. MethodsFrom September to November, 2022, 45 subjects with flatfoot from Capital University of Physical Education and Sports were randomly divided into short foot exercise (SFE) group (n = 15), toe-spread-out exercise (TSOE) group (n = 15) and short foot & toe-spread-out exercise (SF+TSOE) group (n = 15), who received SFE, TSOE and SF+TSOE, respectively, for eight weeks. The cross-sectional area of abductor hallucis muscle, navicular drop test (NDT) and Chippaux-Smirak index (CSI) were measured before treatment, four weeks after treatment and eight weeks after treatment. ResultsThree subjects dropped out in each group. The main effect of time was significant for left and right cross-sectional area of abductor hallucis muscle, NDT and CSI (F > 13.906, P < 0.001). The main effect of group was not significant for left and right cross-sectional area of abductor hallucis muscle, NDT and CSI (F < 1.934, P > 0.05). The interaction effect of group and time was significant for left and right NDT (F > 3.044，P < 0.05), and it was better in SF+TSOE group than in SFE group and TSOE group (P < 0.05). ConclusionSF and TSOE can improve the cross-sectional area of abductor hallucis muscle and foot morphology in subjects with flatfoot, and the combination of them may be more effective.

Analgesic Effect and Mechanism of Osteoking on Dorsal Root Ganglion Compression Model Rats / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo investigate the analgesic effect and mechanism of Osteoking （OK） on nerve compression in lumbar disc herniation. MethodThe rat model of chronic compression of dorsal root ganglion （CCD） was established to simulate clinical lumbar disc herniation. The CCD rats were randomly divided into model group， low， medium， and high dose OK groups （1.31， 2.63， 5.25 mL·kg-1·d-1）， and pregabalin group （5 mg·kg-1）， with eight rats in each group. Another eight SD rats were taken as the blank group， and the same volume of normal saline was given by gavage. Behavioral tests， side effect evaluation， network analysis， Western blot， immunofluorescence， and antagonist application were used to explore the effect. ResultCompared with the blank group， the mechanical hyperalgesia threshold， thermal hyperalgesia threshold， and the expression of inflammatory factors in the spinal dorsal horn of the model group are significantly increased （P<0.01）， and the related indicators of the affected foot footprints are significantly down-regulated （P<0.01）. The expression of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 （STAT3）， vascular endothelial growth factor A （VEGFA）， and phosphorylated extracellular regulated protein kinase （p-ERK） in microglia in the spinal dorsal horn is significantly increased in the model group （P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， low， medium， and high dose OK groups can increase the mechanical hyperalgesia and thermal hyperalgesia thresholds of CCD rats （P<0.05， P<0.01） in a dose-dependent manner， improve the gait of CCD rats （P<0.05， P<0.01）， and reduce the expression of inflammatory factors in the spinal dorsal horn （P<0.05， P<0.01）. The expression of STAT3， VEGFA， and p-ERK in the spinal dorsal horn microglia of CCD rats is significantly decreased （P<0.05， P<0.01）， and the acetic acid-induced nociceptive response in rats is effectively reduced （P<0.05， P<0.01）. In addition， there is no tolerance. The results of the body mass test， organ index， forced swimming， and rotation show that OK has no obvious toxic or side effects. Further antagonist experiments show that MRS1523 and RS127445 can reverse the transient analgesic effect of OK compared with the high dose OK group （P<0.01）. ConclusionOK has a good analgesic effect on the CCD model without obvious toxic side effects， and its mechanism may be related to the activation of ADORA3 and HTR2B and the inhibition of STAT3， VEGFA， p-ERK， and other elements in microglia.

Clinical characteristics of patients with malignant tumors and immune checkpoint inhibitors related multisystem adverse events as well as therapeutic efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors: a retrospective study / 肿瘤研究与临床

Objective:To investigate the clinical characteristics of patients with malignant tumors and immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) related multisystem adverse events as well as therapeutic efficacy of ICI.Methods:The general data, immune-related adverse events (irAE) type, onset time, severity and ICI efficacy of patients with malignant tumors who developed irAE after receiving ICI in China-Japan Friendship Hospital between January 2019 and November 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. All patients were divided into multisystem irAE group and single system irAE group according to whether patients with more than 1 organ or system developed irAE for once. The occurrence of irAE was summarized, and the clinical characteristics of patients were compared. Progression-free survival analysis was not performed owing to the pause of immunotherapy caused by some irAE, so the efficacy of ICI was evaluated by using ICI treatment duration (TD).Results:A total of 47 patients with malignant tumors and irAE were included in this study, with 70 times of irAE in total. The median onset time was 90 d (35 d, 196 d). Among them, 12 patients (25.53%) developed multisystem irAE (32 times of irAE in total); the other 35 patients (74.47%) developed single system irAE (38 times of irAE in total). Cutaneous toxicity for 7 times, thyroid toxicity for 7 times and pulmonary toxicity for 5 times were the most frequent among multisystem irAE group; pulmonary toxicity for 13 times, thyroid toxicity for 12 times and cutaneous toxicity for 5 times were the most frequent among single system irAE group. There were no statistically significant differences in the proportion of patients stratified by age, gender, the combination of other treatments and different body mass between the two groups (all P > 0.05). The median follow-up time was 20 months (9-40 months). The median TD of ICI was 16.00 months (95% CI 3.62-31.22 months) in multisystem irAE group and 4.60 months (95% CI 4.12-11.30 months) in single system irAE group; TD in multisystem irAE group was longer than that in single system irAE group, and the difference was statistically significant ( HR = 0.413, 95% CI 0.202-0.844, P = 0.038). Conclusions:The efficacy of ICI in patients with malignant tumors and multisystem irAE is better than that in those with single system irAE. It suggests that the better efficacy of ICI may be associated with greater risk of irAE. There is no significant difference in the clinical features between multisystem irAE and single system irAE.

Isolation and genome-wide evolutionary analysis of a type Ⅲ WU polyomavirus strain / 中华微生物学和免疫学杂志

Objective:To isolate and culture WU polyomavirus (WUPyV), and to analyze the genome-wide evolutionary patterns, homology and population dynamics.Methods:Real-time quantitative PCR was used to detect the nasopharyngeal aspirate samples of hospitalized children with respiratory tract infection in Beijing Friendship Hospital during 2020 to 2022. Primary human airway epithelial cells cultured at the air-liquid interface were used to isolate and culture WUPyV. Whole genome sequence of the isolated strain was obtained by Sanger sequencing. For phylogenetic and evolutionary dynamics analysis, the whole genome was compared with the published whole genome sequences in GenBank database.Results:The detection rate of WUPyV was 4.7% (31/659) during 2020 to 2022, and a clinical strain BJ0593 of WUPyV type Ⅲc was successfully isolated. The homology of the whole genome and gene fragments of WUPyV was high. The average evolutionary rate of VP2 gene was about 1.256×10 -4 substitution/site every year, and the population dynamics of WUPyV tended to be flat in the last decade. Conclusions:This study successfully isolated a clinical WUPyV type Ⅲ strain for the first time, which provided the basis for further investigation on the molecular evolution and pathogenicity of WUPyV.

Effects of educational level on the choice of intervention strategies for smoking cessation in patients with moderate to severe tobacco dependence / 中国基层医药

Objective:To investigate the effects of educational level on smoking cessation in patients with moderate to severe tobacco dependence, explore effective individualized smoking cessation methods, and increase smoking cessation rate.Methods:A total of 480 patients with moderate to severe tobacco dependence who were willing to quit smoking and received treatment in the Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shengli Oilfield Central Hospital from January to December 2020 were included in this study. They were divided into four groups ( n = 120/group) according to their educational level: group A (elementary school and below), group B (junior high school and senior high school), group C (technical secondary school or college), and group D (university and above). All patients were randomly assigned to undergo "5A" intervention alone or "5A" intervention combined with varenicline intervention (combined intervention). Patients' awareness of the health risks of tobacco smoking was compared among the four groups. The smoking cessation rate measured at different time points was compared between different intervention strategies. Results:The scores of health risk of tobacco smoking in groups D, C, B, and A were (806.5 ± 35.7) points, (710.8 ± 26.2) points, (643.6 ± 43.4) points, and (512.4 ± 30.1) points, respectively. Patients with high education levels had high awareness of the health risk of tobacco smoking ( F = 1 543.26, P < 0.001). At 1, 3, and 6 months, the smoking cessation rate of combined intervention was higher than that of "5A" intervention alone in each group (group A: χ2 = 3.85, 4.23, 4.10, group B: χ2 = 4.30, 4.09, 4.60, group C: χ2 = 6.81, 4.30, 4.03, group D: χ2 = 6.71, 6.51, 4.73, all P < 0.05). The smoking cessation rate after 6 months of "5A" intervention alone or combined intervention in group D was 60.0% and 78.3% respectively, which were significantly higher than 41.7% and 60.0% in group C, 23.3% and 41.7% in group B, and 20.0% and 36.7% in group A ( χ2 = 26.59, 26.12, both P < 0.001). At different time points, the smoking cessation rates of the "5A" intervention alone in group D were significantly higher than those of combined intervention in groups A and B ( χ2 = 9.25, 25.04, 7.29, all P < 0.05). Conclusion:Awareness of the health risks of tobacco smoking is related to a patient's educational level, and affects smoking cessation. Individualized smoking cessation interventions based on a patient's educational level can increase the rate of smoking cessation.

Advances and challenges in using nirmatrelvir and its derivatives against SARS-CoV-2 infection / 药物分析学报

On December 22,2021,the United States Food and Drug Administration approved the first main protease inhibitor,i.e.,oral antiviral nirmatrelvir(PF-07321332)/ritonavir(Paxlovid),for the treatment of early severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)infection.Nirmatrelvir inhibits SARS-CoV-2 infection,but high doses or long-term treatment may cause embryonic developmental toxicity and changes in host gene expression.The chiral structure of nirmatrelvir plays a key role in its antiviral activity.Ritonavir boosts the efficacy of nirmatrelvir by inactivating cytochrome P450 3A4 expression and occupying the plasma protein binding sites.Multidrug resistance protein 1 inhibitors may increase the efficacy of nirmatrelvir.However,Paxlovid has many contraindications.Some patients treated with Paxlovid experience a second round of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)symptoms soon after re-covery.Interestingly,the antiviral activity of nirmatrelvir metabolites,such as compounds 12-18,is similar to or higher than that of nirmatrelvir.Herein,we review the advances and challenges in using nirmatrelvir and its derivatives with the aim of providing knowledge for drug developers and physicians in the fight against COVID-19.

Serum B7 homologous protein 2, tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand, interleukin-37, interleukin-17A levels in patients with primary immune thrombocytopenia and their clinical significance / 中国医师进修杂志

Objective:To explore the changes of serum B7 homolog 2 (B7-H2), tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL), interleukin(IL)-37 and IL-17A levels in patients with primary immune thrombocytopenia (ITP), and to analyze the clinical guiding significance of each index level in the diagnosis and treatment of ITP.Methods:A total of 90 patients with ITP treated in Jining Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine from September 2018 to September 2020 were retrospectively selected as the research group, and 90 healthy patients during the same period were selected as the normal control group. The levels of serum B7-H2, TRAIL, IL-37, IL-17A and platelet count (PLT) in the two groups were compared, and the clinical guidance significance of each index level in the diagnosis and treatment of ITP were analyzed by receiver operating characteristic(ROC) curve.Results:The serum levels of B7-H2, TRAIL, IL-37 and IL-17A in the research group were higher than those in the normal control group, and PLT was lower than that in the normal control group: (25.12 ± 4.29) μg/L vs. (12.26 ± 3.10) μg/L, (0.92 ± 0.20) μg/L vs.(0.46 ± 0.13) μg/L, (145.02 ± 43.18) ng/L vs. (50.23 ± 14.07) ng/L, (21.63 ± 5.06) ng/L vs. (7.71 ± 2.04) ng/L, (16.12 ± 4.61) × 10 9/L vs. (200.86 ± 61.4) × 10 9/L, there were statistical differences ( P<0.05). After treatment for 3 months, 73 patients obtained remission, and 13 patients were non-remission. The levels of B7-H2, TRAIL, IL-37, IL-17A in the non-remission group before and after treatment were higher than those in the remission group, and PLT was lower than that in the remission group, there were statistical differences ( P<0.05). Pearson correlation analysis showed that the levels of serum B7-H2, TRAIL, IL-37 and IL-17A were negatively correlated with PLT ( P<0.05). The ROC curve analysis showed that the area under the curve of serum B7-H2, TRAIL, IL-37 and IL-17A in prognostic prediction was 0.916, the sensitivity and the specificity were 94.12% and 86.30%. Conclusions:The serum levels of B7-H2, TRAIL, IL-37 and IL-17A in patients with ITP are significantly elevated, and are closely related to the level of PLT. Combined detection can help clinically predict the direction of disease outcome.

Effects of electroacupuncture preconditioning of "Neiguan"(PC 6) on myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury via Akt/mTOR pathway / 国际中医中药杂志

Objective:To observe the effects of electroacupuncture preconditioning on the autophagy-related pathway protein kinase B (Akt)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) in myocardial tissue of rats with myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury (MIRI); To investigate the protective mechanism of "Neiguan"(PC 6) on myocardial injury.Methods:Totally 48 SD rats were randomly divided into blank group, sham-operation group, model group and Neiguan group ( n=12 in each group). The Neiguan group was applied to bilateral "Neiguan"(PC 6) by electroacupuncture for 30 min, once daily for consecutive 7 days before model replication. Except in the blank group, the MIRI model was established by ligation of the descending anterior branch of the left coronary artery in the rest groups after the intervention. The histomorphological changes in the myocardium of the rats were observed by HE staining, and the expression levels of Akt, phosphorylated Akt (p-Akt), mTOR and phosphorylated mTOR (p-mTOR) in the myocardium were measured by protein immunoblotting. The ratio of p-Akt/Akt and p-mTOR/mTOR was calculated. Results:In the blank group, the myocardial fibres were arranged regularly and neatly, and no inflammatory cell infiltration or haemorrhage was seen in the interstitium; in the sham-operation group, the arrangement of myocardial fibers was slightly irregular, no rupture was found, and a small amount of myocardial fiber gap was slightly enlarged; in the model group, the distribution of myocardial fibers was disordered, hypertrophic cardiomyocytes increased, some mitochondria were red and swollen or the outer membrane was ruptured, and inflammatory infiltration and hemorrhage were seen in the interstitium; the extent of myocardial lesions in the Neiguan group was less than that in the model group, with a small amount of interstitial hemorrhage and inflammatory cell infiltration. There was no statistical significance in the levels of Akt and mTOR in the myocardial tissues of the rats in each group ( P>0.05); compared with the sham-operation group, the levels of p-Akt, p-mTOR and p-Akt/Akt, p-mTOR/mTOR in the model group decreased ( P<0.01); compared with the model group, the levels of p-Akt, p-mTOR and p-Akt/Akt, p-mTOR/mTOR in the Neiguan group increased ( P<0.01). Conclusion:Electroacupuncture preconditioning may inhibit excessive autophagy by activating the Akt/mTOR pathway in cardiomyocytes of MIRI rats, thereby exerting a protective effect on the myocardium.

Research progress on factors influencing the success rate of ureteral access sheath / 国际外科学杂志

During the operation of flexible ureteroscope, the ureteral access sheath is effectively placed, which accelerates the circulation of fluid in the kidney, thus reducing the pressure in the kidney and enhancing the clarity of the operation field. The success rate of lithotripsy and the risk of postoperative infection depend on the position of the ureteral access sheath. This article reviews the factors affecting the insertion process of the ureteral access sheath and the methods to improve the success rate of the insertion of the ureteral access sheath.

Application progress of artificial intelligence in the screening and identification of drug targets / 中国药科大学学报

@#In recent years, artificial intelligence (AI) has developed rapidly, with improved computing power and algorithms, which has greatly facilitated the collection and processing of biological, chemical information and clinical data, injecting new vitality into the research and development of new drugs.In this review, we began with a brief overview of the development and the main algorithms of AI in drug discovery.Then we elaborated through several specific cases on the various scenarios of AI application, including target identification, protein structure prediction, hit generation and optimization etc.Finally, we focused on a recent example to discuss the high efficiency of "end-to-end" application of AI.

Effect of short-foot exercise on adult flatfoot: a systematic review / 中国康复理论与实践

ObjectiveTo systematically review the effects of short-foot exercise on adult flatfoot. MethodsArticles related to short-foot exercise for flatfoot were searched from PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane, Embase, Scopus, CNKI, Wanfang Data and CBM, from January, 2010 to December, 2022. The methodological quality was evaluated with the Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) scale, and the relevant data were extracted. ResultsTen randomized controlled trials were included, involved 335 individuals. The mean score of the PEDro scale was 7.1. Short-foot exercise improved the navicular drop, posture index score, balance and cross-sectional area of abductor hallucis muscle for patients with flatfoot, but plantar pressure. ConclusionShort-foot exercise can improve the foot structure, balance and adductor hallucis muscle in adult flatfoot, but plantar pressure.

Clinicopathological analysis of benign mammary ductal cystic papillomatosis with loss of myoepithelial cells / 中华病理学杂志

Objective: To investigate the histopathological and immunohistochemical characteristics of benign apocrine cystic papillary hyperplasia of the breast with loss of myoepithelial cell layer. Methods: The clinical data, histopathological features and immunohistochemical profile of patients with benign apocrine cystic papillary hyperplasia of breast with loss of myoepithelial cell layer from January 2016 to December 2021 were examined, in which six patients were identified. Results: All six patients were female, aged 36-61 years (median 46 years), who presented with a breast mass; three cases were from the left breast and three cases were from the right breast. Microscopic examination of all cases showed breast hyperplasia with apocrine cysts, accompanied by different degrees of micropapillary and papillary hyperplasia of apocrine cells. One case was associated with lobular carcinoma in situ, and one case was associated with apocrine ductal carcinoma in situ with intraductal dissemination in adenosis. Immunohistochemical staining of CK5/6, p63, SMA, SMMHC, Calponin and CD10 showed complete absence of myoepithelial cell layer surrounding ducts in apocrine cystic papillary hyperplasia. Conclusions: The myoepithelial cells of apocrine cystic papillary hyperplasia of the breast may undergo abnormal changes and may even be completely lost. The diagnosis should be comprehensively considered along with cytomorphological and histological features to avoid overdiagnosis.

The expression and function of PD-L1 in CD133(+) human liver cancer stem-like cells / 中华肿瘤杂志

Objective: To investigate the expression of programmed death protein-ligand 1 (PD-L1) in liver cancer stem-like cells (LCSLC) and its effect on the characteristics of tumor stem cells and tumor biological function, to explore the upstream signaling pathway regulating PD-L1 expression in LCSLC and the downstream molecular mechanism of PD-L1 regulating stem cell characteristics, also tumor biological functions. Methods: HepG2 was cultured by sphere-formating method to obtain LCSLC. The expressions of CD133 and other stemness markers were detected by flow cytometry, western blot and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) were used to detect the expressions of stemness markers and PD-L1. The biological functions of the LCSLC were tested by cell function assays, to confirm that the LCSLC has the characteristics of tumor stem cells. LCSLC was treated with cell signaling pathway inhibitors to identify relevant upstream signaling pathways mediating PD-L1 expression changes. The expression of PD-L1 in LCSLC was down regulated by small interfering RNA (siRNA), the expression of stem cell markers, tumor biological functions of LCSLC, and the changes of cell signaling pathways were detected. Results: Compared with HepG2 cells, the expression rate of CD133 in LCSLC was upregulated [(92.78±6.91)% and (1.40±1.77)%, P<0.001], the expressions of CD133, Nanog, Oct4A and Snail in LCSLC were also higher than those in HepG2 cells (P<0.05), the number of sphere-formating cells increased on day 7 [(395.30±54.05) and (124.70±19.30), P=0.001], cell migration rate increased [(35.41±6.78)% and (10.89±4.34)%, P=0.006], the number of transmembrane cells increased [(75.77±10.85) and (20.00±7.94), P=0.002], the number of cloned cells increased [(120.00±29.51) and (62.67±16.77), P=0.043]. Cell cycle experiments showed that LCSLC had significantly more cells in the G(0)/G(1) phase than those in HepG2 [(54.89±3.27) and (32.36±1.50), P<0.001]. The tumor formation experiment of mice showed that the weight of transplanted tumor in LCSLC group was (1.32±0.17)g, the volume is (1 779.0±200.2) mm(3), were higher than those of HepG2 cell [(0.31±0.06)g and (645.6±154.9)mm(3), P<0.001]. The expression level of PD-L1 protein in LCSLC was 1.88±0.52 and mRNA expression level was 2.53±0.62, both of which were higher than those of HepG2 cells (P<0.05). The expression levels of phosphorylation signal transduction and transcription activation factor 3 (p-STAT3) and p-Akt in LCSLC were higher than those in HepG2 cells (P<0.05). After the expression of p-STAT3 and p-Akt was down-regulated by inhibitor treatment, the expression of PD-L1 was also down-regulated (P<0.05). In contrast, the expression level of phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase 1/2 (p-ERK1/2) in LCSLC was lower than that in HepG2 cells (P<0.01), there was no significant change in PD-L1 expression after down-regulated by inhibitor treatment (P>0.05). After the expression of PD-L1 was knockdown by siRNA, the expressions of CD133, Nanog, Oct4A and Snail in LCSLC were decreased compared with those of siRNA-negative control (NC) group (P<0.05). The number of sphere-formating cells decreased [(45.33±12.01) and (282.00±29.21), P<0.001], the cell migration rate was lower than that in siRNA-NC group [(20.86±2.74)% and (46.73±15.43)%, P=0.046], the number of transmembrane cells decreased [(39.67±1.53) and (102.70±11.59), P=0.001], the number of cloned cells decreased [(57.67±14.57) and (120.70±15.04), P=0.007], the number of cells in G(0)/G(1) phase decreased [(37.68±2.51) and (57.27±0.92), P<0.001], the number of cells in S phase was more than that in siRNA-NC group [(30.78±0.52) and (15.52±0.83), P<0.001]. Tumor formation in mice showed that the tumor weight of shRNA-PD-L1 group was (0.47±0.12)g, the volume is (761.3±221.4)mm(3), were lower than those of shRNA-NC group [(1.57±0.45)g and (1 829.0±218.3)mm(3), P<0.001]. Meanwhile, the expression levels of p-STAT3 and p-Akt in siRNA-PD-L1 group were decreased (P<0.05), while the expression levels of p-ERK1/2 and β-catenin did not change significantly (P>0.05). Conclusion: Elevated PD-L1 expression in CD133(+) LCSLC is crucial to maintain stemness and promotes the tumor biological function of LCSLC.

Correlation Between Vimentin and Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Intervention Effect of Jianpi Yiqi Prescription / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo study the correlation between Vimentin and hepatocellular carcinoma （HCC） and the mechanism of Jianpi Yiqi prescription against HCC through Vimentin. MethodCorrelation between Vimentin and HCC was analyzed based on the cancer genome atlas（TCGA）， clinical proteomic tumor analysis consortium（CPTAC）， STRING， and Cytoscape. SD rats were randomized into normal group （normal saline， ig， once/day， 4 weeks）， model group （normal saline， ig， once/day， 4 weeks）， low-dose， medium-dose， and high-dose （5.25， 10.5， 21 g·kg-1， ig， once/day， 4 weeks） JianpiYiqi prescription groups， signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 （STAT3） inhibition group （C188-9， 4.5 mg·kg-1， ip， once/day， 4 weeks）， and glycoprotein 130 （gp130） inhibition group （SC144， 4.5 mg·kg-1， ip， once/day， 4 weeks）， 10 rats in each group. Diethylnitrosamine （DEN， 70 mg·kg-1 body weight， ip） was injected in rats except the normal group to induce HCC. After the modeling， administration began. After last administration， Real-time polymerase chain reaction（Real-time PCR） was performed to determine Vimentin mRNA level in rat liver tissue. Caspase-3 activity in liver tissue was detected by colorimetry， and expression of Rho kinase （ROCK）1， ROCK2， aurora kinase B （AURKB）， Zinc-finger protein 148 （ZNF148）/zinc-binding protein-89 （ZBP-89）， STAT3， p-STAT3， total Vimentin， and phosphorylated （p）-Vimentin in liver tissue and Vimentin in liver tissue nucleus detected by Western blot. Serum Vimentin concentration was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）. ResultVimentin mRNA level was high in tissues from HCC patients with different cancer stages （stage Ⅰ-Ⅳ）， different pathological grades （G1-G3）， no regional lymph node metastasis （N0）， and different subtypes （P<0.01）. Vimentin mRNA expression was higher in tissues from patients with lymph node metastasis than in patients without lymph node metastasis and normal samples. Vimentin protein level was decreased in HCC tissues （P<0.01）. Vimentin gene has 4 mutations which can induce change in the primary structure of Vimentin protein and patients with Vimentin gene mutation had short disease free survival time （P<0.01）. The mRNA expression of Vimentin was negatively associated with HCC cell purity （P<0.01） but was positively associated with the infiltration levels of cancer-associated fibroblasts， M2 macrophages， myeloid dendritic cell and other immune cells in tumor microenvironment （P<0.01）. Association analysis results showed that the expression of Vimentin was correlated with the STAT3 expression in HCC tissues （P<0.01）. As for the animal experiment， Vimentin mRNA level and protein levels of total Vimentin and p-Vimentin in liver tssue， Vimentin protein level in liver tissue nucleus， Vimentin in rat serum， ROCK2， AURKB， STAT3 and p-STAT3 in liver tissues were up-regulated （P<0.01） and protein level of negative regulator ZBP-89 was reduced in the model group （P<0.01） compared with those in the normal group. Activity of Caspase-3 in liver tissue increased and the ROCK1 protein level was increased in the model group compared with those in the normal group. STAT3 inhibitor， gp130 inhibitor， and medium-dose and high-dose Jianpi Yiqi prescription all can reduce the secretory Vimentin protein in serum， protein levels of total Vimentin and p-Vimentin in liver tissues， and Vimentin in liver tissue nucleus， and the protein levels of STAT3/Vimentin signaling pathway-related molecules， such as STAT3， p-STAT3， ROCK2， and AURKB and up-regulate the protein level of negative regulator ZBP-89 and activity of Caspase-3 （P<0.05， P<0.01）. Effect of medium-dose or high-dose Jianpi Yiqi prescription on Vimentin mRNA expression， STAT3 protein expression， ZBP-89 protein expression， ROCK2 protein expression， AURKB protein expression and Caspase-3 activity was not significantly different from that of STAT3 inhibitor. ConclusionVimentin， an important inflammatory molecule， is closely related to the occurrence and development of HCC and its expression， subcellular location and function may be affected by cancer-associated fibroblasts， M2 macrophages， myeloid dendritic cell， and IL-6/STAT3 signaling pathway， particularly by STAT3 molecule. Jianpi Yiqi prescription may exert therapeutic effect on HCC via regulating Vimentin through the STAT3/Vimentin signaling pathway.

Effect of physical activity on executive function of children and adolescents: a systematic review / 中国康复理论与实践

ObjectiveTo analyze the effect of physical activity on executive function of children and adolescents, and sort out the related factors. MethodsArticles about physical activity intervention for children and adolescents on executive function were retrieved from CNKI, Wanfang Data, Google Scholar, Wiley Online Library and PubMed, from January 1st, 2010 to June 30th, 2021. The articles were screened, evaluated and systematically reviewed. ResultsA total of 21 articles were included, from eleven countries, including 13 randomized controlled trials, involving 2 496 subjects, aged five to 18 years. The articles were published from 2010 to 2019, with mean score of Physiotherapy Evidence Database scale as 5.57. The physical activity intervention mainly involved physical fitness, skills and sport games, with low to high intensity, eight to 120 minutes a time, one to five times a week, no more than ten months. Physical activity was indicated to improve the executive function, specifically inhibition control, working memory and cognitive flexibility, such as the improvement of the accuracy and reaction time of cognitive tasks, and activation of bilateral prefrontal cortex activity. Types, intensity, duration, frequency and cycle of physical activity, participant selection, and assessment tools were related to the effect of intervention. ConclusionPhysical activity can improve the inhibition control, working memory and cognitive flexibility of children and adolescents. The main factors related to the intervention effect are the physical activity elements, the participant's factors and the experimental design factors.

Bloodletting Acupuncture at Jing-Well Points on Hand Induced Autophagy to Alleviate Brain Injury in Acute Altitude Hypoxic Rats by Activating PINK1/Parkin Pathway / 中国结合医学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To explore the protective effect of bloodletting acupuncture at twelve Jing-well points on hand (BAJP) on acute hypobaric hypoxia (AHH)-induced brain injury in rats and its possible mechanisms.@*METHODS@#Seventy-five Sprague Dawley rats were divided into 5 groups by a random number table (n=15), including control, model, BAJP, BAJP+3-methyladenine (3-MA), and bloodletting acupuncture at non-acupoint (BANA, tail tip blooding) groups. After 7-day pre-treatment, AHH models were established using hypobaric oxygen chambers. The levels of S100B, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and malondialdehyde (MDA) in serum were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Hematoxylin-eosin staining and the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling method were used to assess hippocampal histopathology and apoptosis. Transmission electron microscopy assay was used to observe mitochondrial damage and autophagosomes in hippocampal tissues. Flow cytometry was used to detect mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP). The mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes I, III and IV activities and ATPase in hippocampal tissue were evaluated, respectively. Western blot analysis was used to detect the protein expressions of Beclin1, autophagy protein 5 (ATG5), microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 beta (LC3B), phosphatase and tensin homolog induced kinase 1 (PINK1), and Parkin in hippocampal tissues. The mRNA expressions of Beclin1, ATG5 and LC3-II were analyzed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction.@*RESULTS@#BAJP treatment reduced hippocampal tissue injury and inhibited hippocampal cell apoptosis in AHH rats. BAJP reduced oxidative stress by decreasing S100B, GFAP and MDA levels and increasing SOD level in the serum of AHH rats (P<0.05 or P<0.01). Then, BAJP increased MMP, the mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes I, III and IV activities, and the mitochondrial ATPase activity in AHH rats (all P<0.01). BAJP improved mitochondrial swelling and increased the autophagosome number in hippocampal tissue of AHH rats. Moreover, BAJP treatment increased the protein and mRNA expressions of Beclin1 and ATG5 and LC3-II/LC3-I ratio in AHH rats (all P<0.01) and activated the PINK1/Parkin pathway (P<0.01). Finally, 3-MA attenuated the therapeutic effect of BAJP on AHH rats (P<0.05 or P<0.01).@*CONCLUSION@#BAJP was an effective treatment for AHH-induced brain injury, and the mechanism might be through reducing hippocampal tissue injury via increasing the PINK1/Parkin pathway and enhancement of mitochondrial autophagy.

Intervention effect of Qufeng Gutong Cataplasm on myofascial pain syndrome in rats and its mechanism / 中国中药杂志

This paper aims to investigate the intervention effect of Qufeng Gutong Cataplasm(QFGT) on myofascial pain syndrome(MPS) in rats and to preliminarily explain its mechanism from the perspective of improving muscle inflammation and pain. Male SD rats were divided into 6 groups, namely normal group, model group, positive control drug(Huoxue Zhitong Ointment, HXZT) group, and low, medium, and high-dose QFGT groups(75, 150, and 300 mg·d~(-1)). The rat model of MPS was established by striking combined with centrifugation for 8 weeks, during which QFGT and HXZT were used for corresponding intervention. Standard VonFrey fiber was used to evaluate the mechanical pain threshold, and acetone was used to detect the cold pain threshold. The electrophysiological activity of muscle at trigger point was detected, and the electromuscular analysis of trigger point was performed. CatWalk gait analyzer was used to detect pain-induced gait adaptation changes. The hematoxylin-eosin(HE) staining was used to observe the pathological changes in muscle and skin tissues at the trigger point of rats. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of capsaicin receptor transient receptor potential vanilloid 1(TRPV1) in muscle tissues and interleukin(IL)-33 in skin tissues at the trigger point. The protein expression levels of TRPV1, protein kinase B(Akt), phosphorylated protein kinase B(p-Akt), IL-1β, and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α) in muscle tissues at the trigger point were detected by Western blot. The results showed that as compared with the model group, the mechanical pain threshold and cold pain threshold of rats in other groups were increased after treatment with QFGT. The spontaneous electromyography(EMG) activity was observed in the model group, but QFGT alleviated the EMG activity in a dose-dependent manner. Gait analysis showed that standing duration, average intensity, swing speed, maximum contact point, maximum contact area, paw print length, paw print width, and paw print area were significantly improved in all QFGT groups. Pathological results showed that the disorder of muscle arrangement at the trigger point was decreased, muscle fiber adhesion and atrophy were reduced, and inflammatory cell infiltration was alleviated after treatment with QFGT. In addition, QFGT and HXZT both inhibited the protein expression of TRPV1, PI3K, Akt, p-Akt, IL-1β, and TNF-α in the muscle tissues of rats with MPS. However, there was no significant difference in the pathological structure and expression of IL-33 in the treated skin as compared with the normal group. The related results have proved that QFGT can inhibit the release of inflammatory factors by inhibiting the TRPV1/PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in the muscle trigger point of rats with MPS and finally attenuate the atrophy and adhesion of local muscles and inflammatory infiltration, thereby relieving the muscle pain of rats with MPS, and local administration has no skin irritation.

Efficacy and safety of rituximab in children and adolescents with mature B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: a Meta analysis / 中国当代儿科杂志

OBJECTIVES@#To study the efficacy and safety of rituximab combined with chemotherapy in the treatment of children and adolescents with mature B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (B-NHL) through a Meta analysis.@*METHODS@#The databases including PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, ClinicalTrials.gov, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang Data, and Weipu were searched to obtain 10 articles on rituximab in the treatment of mature B-NHL in children and adolescents published up to June 2022, with 886 children in total. With 3-year event-free survival (EFS) rate, 3-year overall survival (OS) rate, complete remission rate, mortality rate, and incidence rate of adverse reactions as outcome measures, RevMan 5.4 software was used for Meta analysis, subgroup analysis, sensitivity analysis, and publication bias analysis.@*RESULTS@#The rituximab+chemotherapy group showed significant increases in the 3-year EFS rate (HR=0.38, 95%CI: 0.25-0.59, P<0.001), 3-year OS rate (HR=0.29, 95%CI: 0.14-0.61, P=0.001), and complete remission rate (OR=3.72, 95%CI: 1.89-7.33, P<0.001) as well as a significant reduction in the mortality rate (OR=0.31, 95%CI: 0.17-0.57, P<0.001), as compared with the chemotherapy group without rituximab. There was no significant difference in the incidence rate of adverse reactions between the two groups (OR=1.28, 95%CI: 0.85-1.92, P=0.24).@*CONCLUSIONS@#The addition of rituximab to the treatment regimen for children and adolescents with mature B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma can bring significant survival benefits without increasing the incidence of adverse reactions.