Efeito da caminhada sobre a qualidade de vida e auto-eficácia de mulheres com síndrome da fibromialgia / Effect of practical of walk on the quality life and self- efficacy of women with fibromyalgia syndrome

Verificar o efeito da prática de 10 sessões de caminhada sobre a qualidade de vida e auto-eficácia de mulheres com Síndrome da Fibromialgia (FM). Método: Participaram do estudo oito mulheres com diagnóstico clínico de FM, selecionadas de forma não-probabilística intencional. As avaliações foram realizadas antes e após 10 sessões da prática de caminhada. Os instrumentos utilizados foram o Questionário Sócio-demográfico e Clínico, o Questionário de Impacto da Fibromialgia e a Escalade Auto-eficácia para Dor Crônica. Após a verificação da normalidade através do teste Shapiro-Wilk, osdados foram tratados com estatística descritiva (freqüência, média e desvio padrão) e inferencial (teste t de Student e teste de Pearson). Resultados: A média de idade das participantes foi de 49 anos (+12,8), o impacto da síndrome da fibromialgia na qualidade de vida no pré-teste foi de 53,64 pontos e no pós-teste de 51,99 pontos (p=0,73) e a Auto-eficácia no pré-teste foi de 147,57 pontos e no pós-teste foi de 172,27 pontos (p=0,15). Em relação aos três domínios deste questionário, apenas o domínio da Auto-eficácia para lidar com outros sintomas apresentou diferença significativa entre o pré e pós-teste (p=0,02). Houve correlação negativa pós-teste (r=-0,72; p=0,042) entre o impacto da fibromialgia e a auto-eficácia. Conclusão: Apesar do curto período de intervenção realizado, a prática de caminhada melhorou o domínio da auto-eficácia para lidar com outros sintomas em mulheres com FM. Em relação à qualidade de vida, não ocorreram melhoras.

Objective: Verify the effect of practical of 10 walk sessions on the quality life and self efficacy of women with Fibromyalgia Syndrome (FM). Method: eight women with clinical diagnosis of FM had participated of the study. The evaluations were before and after 10 sessions of the practical of walking. The used instruments were the “Questionário Sócio-Demográfico e Clínico”, “The Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire”, and the “Chronic Pain Self-efficacy Scale”. After the verification of normality through the Shapiro-Wilk test, the data were dealt with descriptive statistics (frequency, average and deviation standard), test t and Pearson. Results: The average of age of the participants was of 49 years (±12,8), the impact of the fibromyalgia syndrome in the quality of life in the daily pay-test was of 53,64 points and in the after-test of 51,99 points (p=0,73) and the self-efficacy in the daily pay-test was of 147,57 points and in the after test was of 172,27 points (p=0,15). In respect to the three domains of this questionnaire, only the domain of the self-efficacy to deal with other symptoms presented significant difference between the daily pay and after-test (p=0,02). After test had negative correlation (r=-0,72; p=0,042) on the impact of the fibromyalgia and self-efficacy. Conclusion: Although the small number of accomplished sessions (10 sessions), the practical of walking improved the domain of the self-efficacy to deal with other symptoms in women with FM. In the analysis of the quality of life, had not occurred improvements.

Decline in respiratory performance of Varanasi population in 22 years: a cross-sectional study.

Lung function tests were performed on apparently healthy, non-smoking male volunteers aged 16-50 years normally staying in Varanasi city area. The volunteers were divided into five groups according to their age (16-19 yr, 20-25 yr, 26-30 yr, 31-35 yr, 40-50 yr). Anthropometric determinants (height and weight) and respiratory performance (vital capacity and peak expiratory flow rate) were recorded in the year 1982 and 2004. No significant (P>0.05) difference in height, weight and body mass index was detected between the age matched groups in the year 1982 and 2004. The Vital capacity (VC) was measured in 483 and 387 volunteers in the year 1982 and 2004 respectively; peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) was measured in 200 and 388 subjects in the year 1982 and 2004 respectively. Both VC and PEFR were found to be reduced in the year 2004 as compared to those measured in 1982 from the similar population matched for age groups. They were significantly (P<0.001) lower (20-23% less for VC and 4-14% less for PEFR) in the 20-30 years age group. There was also significant (P<0.05) decrease in PEFR for the population of 16-19 years age group studied in 2004 compared to that of 1982. Significant (P<0.001) deterioration in VC per meter of height was observed in the population above 20 years of age. The mean values of VC (ml/m height) ranging from 2119.27 +/- 316.64 (20-25 years age group) to 1923.29 +/- 225.43 (40-50 years age group) in 1982 have dropped to 1896.54 +/- 289.50 and 1593.64 +/- 419.36 for the respective age groups in 2004. Similarly, mean value of PEFR (L/ min) was found to be reduced from 523.67 +/- 64.69 in 1982 to 471.44 +/- 85.25 in 2004 for the same age groups of 20-25 years. Similar reduction was also recorded for 16-19 yr group and 26-30 yr group of population. Air-pollution and sedentary lifestyles in the population of this city may be probable reasons for the decline in respiratory performance.

A study of cardio-pulmonary efficiency in different categories of runners.

Selected short distance runners, middle distance runners and long distance runners were subjected to graded exercise on a treadmill. The maximum aerobic power (VO2 max) and other indices related to oxygen transport system viz. heart rate, ventilation volume, breathing reserve, dyspnoeic index, O2 pulse and RQ were recorded at respective VO2 max work loads, and the values were compared. Long distance runners and middle distance runners showed a significantly higher VO2 max than the short distance runners when VO2 max was expressed per unit of body weight. Among the endurance runners, long distance runners had a significantly lower resting pulse rate as well as the maximum heart rate during work than the middle distance runners. On comparison, Ventilation Volume, Breathing reserve, Dyspnoeic index, O2 pulse and RQ at VO2 max work loads do not differ significantly among different categories of runners.

Possible involvement of superoxide radical in biochemical lesions induced by nitrous oxide.

Inactivation of methionine synthase (MS) by nitrous oxide (N2O) administration to animals and man has been postulated to be mediated by hydroxyl radical (OH). An alternate mechanism has been proposed which involves superoxide radical (O2.-) originating from N2O in the inactivation of MS by OH that may arise from O2.- through Fenton/Haber-Weiss reaction. Rats inhaling a mixture of N2O:O2 (1:1) for 5 hr showed inactivation of MS in liver to nearly 90% which could not be reversed by prior administration of either dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) or sodium benzoate. Pretreatment of rats with superoxide dismutase (SOD) at two doses, 0.1 mg and 3.5 mg/100 g body weight, retarded the in vivo inactivation of MS by N2O, to 76% and 47% respectively. In vitro inactivation of MS with N2O could not be retarded by DMSO or Na-benzoate, or either exogenous SOD or catalase.

Peak expiratory flow rate in adolescent male swimmers of all India rural swimming meet.

Peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR), an important test to assess overall lung function, was determined in 84 male adolescent subjects, out of which there were 46 and 38 nonswimmers (NS). Their ages varied between 9 to 15 years. It was observed that a significant spurt in PEFR value occurs in S at the age of 12 years. A similar spurt in growth (height & weight) in S, not so apparent in NS, was also observed at the same age period. The enhanced growth was recorded in S at all age groups in comparison with those of NS. It was further observed that with increase of height, the PEFR also increased in both the groups however significant by higher values (P less than 0.05) were obtained in S, as compared with NS having the same height.

Assessment of cardio-pulmonary efficiency in athletes and non-athletes.

Cardiopulmonary efficiency was studied in 18 Indian medical students and 19 state level athletes by estimating maximal oxygen uptake (VO2 max), and other parameters related to oxygen transport i.e., heart rate, O2 pulse, respiratory quotient, ventilation volume, breathing reserve and dysponoeic index, following graded exercise on a treadmill. Higher VO2 max observed in athletes, was due to higher stroke volume and arterio-venous O2 difference. Though athletes had higher breathing reserve at VO2 max work load, their dysponoeic index and ventilation volume at VO2 max did not differ significantly from non-athletes suggesting that athletes were economical in expending energy for work of breathing during exercise.

Elucidation of sialyltransferase as a tumour marker.

The report describes results of separation of sialyltransferase isoenzymes by electrofocusing plasma from healthy volunteers and patients having different types of malignant tumour. Extensive modification of the technique was adopted in determining enzyme activity, such as elution of gel strips with the buffer pH corresponding to the gel focusing point; assessment of the effect of different pH on endogenous incorporation of radioactivity to desialated fetuin; and quantitative analysis of protein present in each gel band for calculation of enzyme activity. Plasma from normal individuals showed the existence of 5 sialyltransferase isoenzymes at pI 4.8, 5.5, 6.3, 6.8 and 7.5. There were higher isoenzyme activities in plasma samples from patients afflicted with malignancy of lungs and colon in comparison to normal pattern. Endometrial and breast cancer patients also showed elevated levels of the enzyme which could be controlled by surgery and combined therapies with cytotoxic drugs and radiation, respectively. The observations suggest the potential use of sialyltransferase as a tool for tumour diagnosis, and are discussed in relation to prognosis of the disease in the course of therapy.

Inflammatory responses induced by substance P in rat paw.

Substance P (SP) injection in the plantar region of rat hind paw caused a dose related inflammation, which reached a peak within 10 min of injection and declined after 60 min. Low doses (0.25-0.063 mg/kg) of SP-antagonists like (D-Pro2, D-Trp7,9)-SP and (D-Pro2, D-Phe7, D-Trp9)-SP pretreatment significantly inhibited the SP induced paw oedema, while higher doses (0.5-1 mg/kg) showed agonistic effects. Pretreatment with diphenhydramine alone or along with low doses of SP-antagonists was highly significant in blocking this inflammation, the latter combination being more effective than the former. Pretreatment with acute capsaicin produced a synergestic effect on SP induced paw oedema, while pretreatment with chronic capsaicin significantly inhibited this SP induced paw oedema. The results indicate involvement of histamine and possible therapeutic importance of capsaicin in SP mediated inflammatory type of responses.

Five minutes' field study on each Indian hockey player in a coaching camp.

Peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) was measured using portable Wright's peak flow meter on 21 male hockey players of Indian national hockey team probables attending a zonal coaching camp. The mean PEFR was observed to be 580.95 +/- 43.34 1/minute. The PEFR in hockey players were higher than those recorded in inter-university 'kabaddi', basketball players and football goalkeepers. All the group of players had shown higher mean PEFR than those of age matched healthy Indian males.

Pulse rate, pre-competition tension and performance in 10,000 meter elite runners of both sexes.

Five male and 3 female runners who participated in 10,000 meter distance run in South Asian Federation (SAF) Games, 1987 were volunteered for this pilot study. The pulse rate at rest, 1 hour prior to competition and post-run for 30 min at 5 min intervals were recorded. It was observed that the runners who showed less rise of pulse prior to competition, performed better. This might be attributed to less pre-competition tension in them which helped the athletes to perform better.

Importance of smoking index for assessing lung damage by lung function tests.

A total of 89 smokers of age varying between 15-52 years were assessed for lung function forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) ratio of FEV1 and FVC as FEV1% and peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR), before smoking (BS) and 30 min after smoking (AS). All the above lung function tests were reduced in smokers in comparison to those of age-matched non-smokers. Further, when observed test values of lung function were tabulated according to smoking index (SI), it was noted that reduction of lung function increased with SI.

A comparison of ventilatory pulmonary functions between the National Cadet Corps (N.C.C.) of hilly and plain areas.

National Cadet Corps (N.C.C.) were tested for assessing their physical efficiency level with special reference to respiratory performances. The height and weight of the cadets from hilly and plain areas were noted to be similar indicating alike attainment of growth. The mean values of all pulmonary function tests (FVC, IC, ERV+TV, FEV1, MEFR) except MVV were observed to be similar in both the group of subjects. The mean value of MVV was significantly higher in subjects from hilly area than that in those from plain area.

Respiratory performance and grip strength tests on the basketball players of inter-university competition.

The participants of Basketball in the Inter-University competition were tested for assessing the physical efficiency level with special reference to respiratory and strength performances. The simple anthropometric measurements like height and weight of these subjects were noted to be higher than those of average healthy nonathlete populations of India. The socio-economic status of these subjects was assessed by standard questionnaire method and they were from families having income range between Rs. 85/-165/ per capita per month. The respiratory performances viz. FVC, FEV1, MVV, MEFR, PEFR were all noted to be high in these sportsmen in comparison to those of age-matched healthy Indians. The grip strength test values were similar to those of hockey and soccer players. This study, therefore, indicated more efficiency in basketball players than in the age-matched average non-athlete healthy Indians.

Studies in tissue glycogen in acute stress.

The glycogen was estimated in liver, cardiac and skeletal muscles during the recovery period after electro-shock. The supercompensation in the level of glycogen was observed in cardiac and skeletal muscles at 1 1/2 and 5 hrs respectively during the recovery period, after electro-shock. The liver glycogen level was lower than the control value after electro-shock at least upto 5 hrs of recovery period. Further, the glycogen level was observed to be minimum when the ventricular glycogen showed its supercompensation at 1 1/2 hr of recovery period. The glycogen level of those three tissues returned to control level after 24 hrs of electro-shock.

Blood ketoacids and its relation to respiratory quotient.

The total number of 43 young boys and girls of varying age group between 17-22 years were studied. The levels of blood ketoacids e.g., pyruvate and alphaketoglutarate were estimated spectrophotometrically. The RQ was determined by open circuit method of calorimetry by using Douglas bag for 13 boys and 13 girls and the BMR was estimated by closed circuit method of calorimetry using Collin's metabolex. With the increase of age the RQ and pyruvate were found to increase till the age of 20 years for both the sexes. The increased pyruvate level had a positive correlation with the age for the girls and the alphaketoglutaric acid had no such correlation with age for both the sexes.