Cystoscopy in cases of carcinoma of the cervix uteri: clinical experience with 85 cases.

A retrospective study involving 85 cases of cystoscopy carried out between December, 1989 and July, 1992 in selected cases of carcinoma cervix was undertaken with the purpose of determining the place of cystoscopy in this condition. Cystoscopy was performed only when there was a clinical suspicion of the urinary bladder being involved. Of 67 cases in which cystoscopy was performed as part of staging of carcinoma cervix, one was in stage II, 48 in stage III and 18 in stage IV (stages determined prior to cystoscopy). On cystoscopy of the stage III cases, 50% showed apparent involvement of bladder, 29.17% showed suspicious findings and 20.83% showed negative findings. Of the stage IV cases, 61.11% showed apparent involvement of bladder, 33.33% showed suspicious findings and 5.56% showed negative findings. Of 13 cases in which biopsy was taken cystoscopically, 8 were histologically positive, 4 were histologically negative and one was histologically suspicious for malignancy of the urinary bladder. In the remaining 18 cases cystoscopy was performed during follow-up period.

Studies on the filariasis vector--Culex quinquefasciatus at Kanchrapara, west Bengal (India).

A nine month entomological and parasitological study was conducted between December 1991 and August 1992, at Kanchrapara, a town of the district North 24-Parganas, West Bengal. The town was found to be endemic for bancroftian filariasis. Microfilaria rate among the human population was 1.9 per cent (35 of 1200 persons). Average man hour density of C. quinquefasciatus was considerably high (31.10) and a higher vector prevalence was seen in summer. The infection and infectivity rates of the natural population of the vector were 2.3 and 0.28 per cent respectively. 9.2 and 1.7 per cent of the human habitations were found to contain infected and infective C. quinquefasciatus. Both infection and infectivity rates were higher during the rainy season than the other seasons.