Expression of miR-134 in Methamphetamine-induced Neuronal Injury and Its Effect on Evoked Action Potential / 中山大学学报(医学科学版)

[Objective]To investigate the expression change of miR-134 in methamphetamine(MA)-induced neuronal injury in PC12 cells and its effect on neuronal excitability and understand the pathogenesis of methamphetamine-induced neuronal injury.[Methods]PC12 cells in the logarithmic phase were divided into control group and MA group. The MA group was treated with 800μmol/L MA to establish the model of neuronal injury. The cellular injury was observed under microscope. The neuronal apoptosis was detected by Hoechst3342/PI double staining,and miR-134 expression was measured by using real-time quantitative PCR (Real time-PCR). Furthermore,we constructed miR-134 interference vector and observed its effect on evoked action potential.[Results]The cultured PC12 cells were damaged under the 800 μmol/LMA treatment ,and neurites became shorter ,the apoptotic cells were evidence. Real time-PCR showed that miR-134 expression was increased after MA treatment. Electrophysiological data showed that the evoked action potential increased after miR-134 interference.[Conclusions]High concentration of MA can induce neuronal damage and apoptosis and also increase miR-134 expression. While silence miR-134 expression can increase neuronal excitability.Our study provides an experimental basis for elucidating the possible mechanism of MA-induced neuronal injury and the role of miR-134 in neurotoxicity and neuronal excitability.

The expression of miR-133b in the brain of methamphetamine dependent rats and its regulation on neuronal toxic injury / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

Objective To investigate the expression of miR-133b in the brain of methamphetamine(MA) dependent rats and its regulatory effects on neuronal toxic injury.MethodsThrough continuous intraperitoneal injection to rats with MA(10 mg/kg),the conditioned place preference(CPP) rats model was established,and the expression of miR-133b in the cerebral cortex of model rats was detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR(RT-PCR).PC12 cells were cultured in vitro and treated with MA(800 μmol/L),and then miR-133b expression in cultured neurons was detected.miR-133b mimics and inhibitor were transfected to PC12 cells respectively to observe the effect of miR-133b on the mitochondrial membrane potential(MMP) of cultured neurons.ResultsAfter continuous intraperitoneal injection with MA for 14 days,the residence time of rats in the box with medicine((620.20±44.80)s) was significantly longer compared with the control group((341.80±25.12)s,P<0.01),which showed that MA dependent rats model was successfully established.The RT-PCR detection results showed that the expression of miR-133b in the cerebral cortex of model rats(0.36±0.05) significantly decreased compared with the control group(0.99±0.08,P<0.01).In the in vitro model,most of the neuronal cell bodies became round and the neuorites were withdrawn after MA treatment.Compared with the control group(1.00±0.02),the RT-PCR detection results showed that the expression of miR-133b in MA group(0.74±0.05) decreased(P<0.05).The JC-1 detection results showed that the MMP of the MA group(109.85±7.03) decreased significantly contrast to the control group(36.49±3.89,P<0.01),the MMP of the miR-133b mimics group(58.97±6.56) increased significantly contrast to the mimics control group(135.46±15.04,P<0.01) and the MMP of the miR-133b inhibitor group(162.84±14.15) decreased contrast to the inhibitor control group(139.81±12.26,P<0.05).ConclusionsThe expression of miR-133b in the cerebral cortex of MA dependent rats and in vitro neuron model treated with MA are significantly downregulated.By regulating the expression of miR-133b,the MMP damage of cultured neurons treated with MA is changed,indicating that miR-133b is not only involved in the nerve injury induced by MA,but also possiblely as a molecular target for intervention.

Determination of Baicalin and Geniposide in Ganxueguanliu Huoxue Capsules by HPLC / 中国药师

Objective:To build an HPLC method for the determination of baicalin and geniposide in Ganxueguanliu Huoxue cap-sules. Methods:An Agilent Eclipse XDB-C18 (150 mm × 4. 6 mm, 5μm) column was chosen for the analysis. The mobile phase con-sisted of 0. 2% phosphoric acid (A) and methanol (B) with gradient elution. The flow rate was 1. 0 ml·min-1. The detection wave-length was set at 238 nm and the column temperature was 25℃. Results:A good linear relationship was observed within the range of 0. 418-8. 360 μg·ml-1 for baicalin (r=0. 999 9) and 0. 226-4. 524μg·ml-1 for geniposide (r=0. 999 9). The average recovery of baicalin and geniposide was 99. 79% (RSD=1. 55%, n=6) and 100. 2%(RSD=2. 05%, n=6), respectively. Conclusion: The method is rapid, convenient and specific, which can be used for the content determination of baicalin and geniposide in Ganxueguanliu Huoxue capsules.

Systematic Review of the Effect of Danhong Injection on Hemorheology in Patients with Angina Pectoris in Coronary Heart Disease / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To systematically review the effect of Danhong injection on hemorhelogy in patients with angina pec-toris in coronary heart disease(CHD),and provide evidence-based reference for clinical treatment. METHODS:Retrieved from PubMed,EMBase,Medline,Cochrane Library,CJFD,VIP database,Wanfang database,and retrieved relevant literatures manual-ly,the randomized controlled trials (RCT) about the effect of Danhong injection on hemorhelogy in patients with angina pectoris in CHD were collected. After the quality evaluation and information collection of clinical studies with inclusion criteria,Meta-analy-sis was conducted by using Rev Man 5.2 software. RESULTS:A total of 12 RCT were enrolled,involving 1 160 patients. Results of Meta-analysis showed the conventional treatment of Danhong injection could more effectively improve the high blood viscosity [MD=-0.87,95%CI(-1.24,-0.50),P<0.001],low blood viscosity[MD=-2.43,95%CI(-3.99,-0.87),P=0.002],hemato-crit value[MD=-0.05,95%CI(-0.10,-0.00),P=0.04],plasma viscosity[MD=-0.58,95%CI(-0.78,-0.38),P<0.001] and fibrinogen level[MD=-1.06,95%CI(-1.65,-0.47),P<0.001],compared with convertional treatment,there were significant dif-ferences. CONCLUSIONS:Based on the conventional treatment,Danhong injection has improvement effect on the related indica-tors of hemorhelogy in patients with angina pectoris in CHD. Due to the limit of methodological quality and sample size,it remains to be further verified with more rigorously designed and long-term follow-up of large-scale RCT.

Effects of Pharmacy Intelligent Control System on Waiting Time in Outpatient Pharmacy / 中国药师

Objective:To investigate the waiting time in the outpatient pharmacy to provide reference for shortening the waiting time and improving the quality of pharmacy service. Methods:Based on the pharmacy intelligent control system ( PICS) , the informa-tion of recipe time was calculated for statistically analyzing the number of patients and the waiting time. Results:The waiting time could be shortened effectively by PICS. The peak hours were 9:01-11:00 am and 14:01-16:00 pm, the waiting time of 72. 87% outpatients was in 10 minutes and that of 90. 08% outpatients was in 15 minutes. Conclusion: By optimizing dispense, adding special pharmacy and strengthening the training of pharmacists, shortened waiting time and uplifted satisfactory degree of patients will be realized.

Determination of Thymol in Thymol Alcoholic Solutions by HPLC / 中国药师

Objective:To establish an HPLC method for the determination of thymol in thymol alcoholic solutions. Methods: An Agilent Eclipse XDB-C18(250 mm ×4.6 mm,5μm) column was used with the mobile phase of methanol-water (65∶35), the flow rate was 1. 0 ml·min-1 . the detection wavelength was 275nm, the injection volume was 10μl, and the column tenperature was 25℃. Re-sults:A good linear correlation of thymol was observed within the range of 60-160 μg·ml-1(r=0. 999 5). The average recovery was 101. 59% with RSD of 1. 39%(n=9). Conclusion:The method is quick, simple and accurate, which can be used in the determina-tion of thymol alcoholic solutions with good selectivity and sensitivity.

Protective effect of epalrestat against high glucose-induced endothelial cell injuries / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the protective effect of epalrestat against endothelial cell injuries induced by high glucose.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Human umbilical vein endothelial cells were pretreated with epalrestat (0.1 µmol/L) for 30 min followed by exposure to high glucose for 8 h. NO concentration in the cell culture supernatant was assayed using chemiluminescence method following the exposure. Real-time PCR and Western blotting were used to detect eNOS mRNA and protein expression levels and the protein expressions of AR gene (the target gene of epalrestat) and NOX4 (the upstream gene of NO).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared with mannitol treatment, an 8-h exposure to high glucose caused significantly decreased NO levels and eNOS mRNA and protein expression in the vascular endothelial cells (P<0.05). Pretreatment with epalrestat prior to high glucose exposure resulted in elevated eNOS mRNA and protein expression levels and NO up-regulation in the cell culture as compared with the glucose exposure alone group (P<0.05), causing also decreased expression of AR and NOX4 in the cells.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>High glucose can induce endothelial cell damage characterized by a lowered level of NO secretion. Epalrestat can protect the endothelial cells against high glucose-induced injury by inhibiting the expression of AR and NOX4.</p>

Composition and Influential Factors of Hospitalization Expenses in Inguinal Hernia Inpatients Under the Single-disease Payment Standard of Medical Insurance / 药物流行病学杂志

Objective:To analyze the hospitalization expenses in inguinal hernia inpatients under the single-disease payment standard of medical insurance.Method:A retrospective study was performed to analyze the data of inguinal hernia patients who received inguinal herniorrhaphy in 2006.According to the regulations worked out by the Beijing Medical Insurance Affairs Administration,32 cases were selected and their medical costs were characterized.Result:The average hospitalization expense in inguinal hernia patients was 5722.37?2967.66 yuan,including surgery cost(45.6%) and drug cost(26.7%).The surgery cost level depended on the selection of various hernia prosthetic mesh and the drug cost depended on the selection of various anti-infective drugs.The hospitaliztion expenditures were lower in 18 cases than the payment permission in the medical insurance standard but higher in the other 14 cases.The sex composition,surgery cost, drug cost and laboratory cost showed a significant difference between the two groups(P

Evaluation of Ration of Atomization Inhalation Given to Patients in Perioperative Period / 药物流行病学杂志

Objective:To assess the ration of atomization inhalation medicine which was given to the patients in the perioperative period to provide possible reference for the application of medicine in operations.Method:From the clinical pharmacy workstation combined with manual retrieval method,a research was done among some patients who had once received treatments in the four surgical wards of our hospital in order to assess the related index of the ration of atomization inhalation medicine given to the patients in the perioperative period.Result:Among the 186 patients,the proportion of the used atomization inhalation medicine ration ranged from 63.79%to 100.00%.The medicines used in the largest amount were Ambroxol Hydrochloride Injection,Sodium Chloride Injection and Etimicin Sulfate for Injection.The qualified proportion of the ration of the medicine applied to patients each single time was 56.59%.The proportions of single medicine and double medicine were 31.71%and 54.15%,respectively.Conclusion:The atomization inhalation medicine applied to the patients is basically rational in our hospital,but the overdose use of medicine in a single time and the irrational combined use of different medicines still exist.The clinicians and pharmacists need a close cooperation with each other,and analyze the process comprehensively in order to improve the atomization inhalation medicine's application.

Analysis of Utilization of Chinese Patent Medicines in our Hospital During 2001-2005 / 药物流行病学杂志

Objective:To analyze the utilization of Chinese patent medicines in our hospital,and evaluate the ra- tional use of drugs in clinic.Method:The data of annual consumption and total consumption of Chinese patent medicines in our hospital during 2001-2005 were calculated,and DDDs and daily average cost of Chinese patent medicines were calcu- lated with the pharmacoeconomic method.Result:The annual consumption of Chinese patent medicines showed an increas- ing trend in our hospital during 2001-2005.The consumption of agents for injection increased clearly in Chinese patent medicines.Especially,the rank ratio of sum and DDDs always were less than one.Conclusion:In our hospital,the use of Chinese patent medicines is rational on the whole,and Chinese patent medicines play an important part in the clinical use for their cheap and effective reasons.DDDS should be stressed and management of Chinese traditional medicines for injec- tion should be intensified.

Economic Benifits of Hospital Pharmaceutical Services after Cancelling the Hospital Drug Price Addition / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE: To discuss the economic benefits of pharmaceutical care after hospital drug price addition has been cancelled. METHODS: To analyze the way to create economic benefits from hospital pharmaceutical services in China by drawing experiences from developed countries. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS: Canceling of hospital drug price addition is conducive to the increase of the status of pharmacists. Medical institutions can profit from extending pharmaceutical services.

Analysis of Hospital Preparation Utilization in Our Hospital / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the role and function of hospital preparations.METHODS:A retrospective analysis was conducted on the utilization of hospital preparations in our hospital from July 1,2005 to June 30,2006.RESULTS:A total of 158 kinds of hospital preparations were used in our hospital,with their sales value totaling RMB 10.025 3 million,representing 1.13% of total drug sales.The top 10 selling hospital preparations accounted for 72.2% of all hospital preparations in sales value.A difference was seen in use of hospital preparations by outpatient and inpatient departments.CONCLUSIONS:Hospital preparations are indispensable for routine diagnosis and medication despite their small proportion in sales value of total drugs.

Pharmacoeconomic Evaluation of Individual Antimicrobial Therapeutic Schemes in Appendectomy Patients / 中华医院感染学杂志

OBJECTIVE To analyze the antimicrobial therapeutic schemes in appendectomy inpatients so as to(evaluate) the economic impact factors of each project.METHODS Totally 286 medical cases of appendectomy inpatients were chosen and analyzed from 2003 to 2005.The antimicrobial agent costs of each scheme were evaluated by(using) cost minimization analysis of pharmacoeconomic method.RESULTS There were 24 kinds of antimicrobial therapeutic schemes used by 286 cases.The commonest schemes were nitrodazoles + ?-lactams and nitrodazoles + ?-lactams + aminoglycosides(or clindamycin). The drug costs were 1671.46 and 1977.13 yuan(RMB)(individually) in combination of two or three kinds of antimicrobial agents.Choosing metronidazole instead of ornidazole could reduce drug fee significantly,which was also observed in choosing ceftazidime instead of other ?-lactams.CONCLUSIONS The antimicrobial drug utilization in our hospital is rational as a whole.Considering of economic factors,using metronidazole and ceftazidime(administering clindamycin if necessary) may be better than other schemes for prventing wound infection.

Correlation Between Outpatient's Medical Knowledge and Satisfaction Degree / 药物流行病学杂志

Objective:To investigate outpatient's medicine knowledge and satisfaction degree and analyze their correlation.Method:150 outpatients,their doctors and pharmacists were investigated with a fieldwork method.Patients' medical knowledge and satisfaction degree were measured with a quantitative scale table,and their correlation was calculat- ed with a linear regression method.Result:Almost all the doctors and pharmacists could provide their patients with their guidance about medicines,which focused on drug dosage and taking ways.Fewer than 20% patients could take medical ad- vice of potential risks and notice of taking medicine.A significant correlation was shown between patient's medical knowl- edge and satisfaction degree(r=0.76).Conclusion:More guidance from doctors and pharmacists should be provided for outpatients.The medical knowledge learned by patients could influence patient's satisfaction degree significantly.

Evaluation and Analysis of Outpatient Prescriptions in Our Hospital / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE: To discuss the way to evaluate outpatient prescription in medical institutions according to Prescription Administrative Policy so as to provide reference for the practice of prescription evaluation system. METHODS: 500 outpatient prescriptions from April 16 to April 20 in 2007 in our hospital were sampled randomly for an evaluation in respect of drug utilization, prescription behavior, pharmaceutical care level etc. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS: To evalnation from The prescriptions involved use of injections and of antibacterials, prescribed drugs were covered in "national essential drugs" , prescriptions with general name, the knowledge of patients on the administration and dosage were drectively.It is supply reference for the prescription evaluation system.

Analysis on Blood Concentration Monitoring of Vancomycin and Clinical Administration Behavior / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To analyze the blood drug monitoring results of vancomycin and clinical administration behavior and then to provide a clinical reference for its rational utilization. METHODS:We retrospectively collected the blood drug monitoring results of vancomycin and drugrelated information from July 2007 to October 2008 in our hospital. These data were from the electronic clinical pharmacy workstation and initial written case history. RESULTS:Among the 76 cases,non-clinical significant results due to doctor’s irregular manipulation in collecting blood sample accounted for 32.89%. In renal failure group,the rate of peak concentration above the effective blood concentration range was 44.46% . Every patient was averagely administered 21.85 kinds of drugs mainly by intravenous injection during vancomycin application. Clinical response rate of vancomycin was 65.00%. CONCLUSION:During the blood concentration monitoring of vancomycin,we should take clinical need into consideration,collect blood samples rightly,consider the factors such as special pathophysiologic status of patients,drug combination,and adjust the dosage timely.

Pharmacists' Practice in Carrying out Drug-interaction-related Pharmaceutical Care / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for clinical pharmacists to carry out drug-interaction - related pharmaceutical care.METHODS:Taking the pharmaceutical care encountered by our full - time clinical pharmacists in clinical practice as example to discuss the approach for clinical pharmacists to carry out drug - interaction - related pharmaceutical care so as to avoid the adverse effects induced by drug interactions.RESULTS & CONCLUSION:Only through participating in the clinical work and familiarizing the actual medication and the problems existed can clinical pharmacists achieve advantage compensation with medical staff,make full play of their expertise and provide pharmaceutical care of high added value.