Effect of Yuehua Capsule on Autophagy of Macrophage Infected with Multi-drug Resistant Mycobacterium Tuberculosis / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective::This study aims to explore the effect and mechanism of Yuehua capsule serum for autophagy of macrophages infected with multi-drug resistant mycobacterium tuberculosis. Method::The rats were undertaken intragastric gavage with Yuehua capsule by 3.02 g·kg-1 once a day which was produced through low temperature condensation drying method. After 7 days, blood of abdominal aorta of rats was collected to prepare Yuehua capsule serum. RAW264.7 andmultidrug resistant tuberculosis were cultured in vitro.According to cell counting kit-8(CCK-8), 10% drug-containing serum was considered as the effective concentration. The cultured cells were divided into four groups: model groups(10% fetal bovine serum). Yuehua capsule serum(10% Yuehua capsule serum). Autophagy inhibitor group+ 3-MA+ Yuehua capsule medicated serum(3-MA+ 10% Yuehua capsule serum). Rapamycin (Rap) positive control group(200 mg·L-1 Rap+ 10% Yuehua capsule serum). Except for the normal group, the cells of each group were cultured for 24 h and infected for 4 h according to cell-bacteria 1∶10.Testing index: observation of autophagosomes under transmission electron microscope, the test of expression of microtubule-associated protein light chain-3Ⅱ(LC-3Ⅱ), microtubule-associated protein LC 3-Ⅱ/microtubule-associated protein light chain 3-Ⅰ(LC3-Ⅰ) and Beclin-1 with Western blot, indirect immunofluorescence staining for LC3B, and mRNA of Beclin-1 as well as LC3 with real-time fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction(Real-time PCR). Result::Compared with normal group, model group did not see autophagy body cells, cells in the LC-3 Ⅱ, LC-3 Ⅱ/LC-3 Ⅰ, Beclin-1 protein and LC3, Beclin-1 mRNA gene expression level had no significant change, the cells without fluorescent particles, spots, no fluorescence intensity.Compared with model group, Yuehua capsules serum group and Rap positive control group can be observed the formation of phage, mRNA andprotein expression levelof LC-3 Ⅱ, LC-3 Ⅱ/LC-3 Ⅰ, Beclin-1 and LC3, Beclin-1 were significantly increased (P<0.05). Autophagy inhibitor group+ 3-MA+ Yuehua capsule medicated serum did not see autophagy, the mRNA and protein expression level of LC-3 Ⅱ, LC-3Ⅱ/LC-3Ⅰ, Beclin-1 and LC3, Beclin-1 were no significantly increased. Conclusion::Yuehua capsule medicated serum could induce autophagy of macrophages of RAW264.7.The mechanism was probably accomplished through regulating the expression level of autophagy key protein LC3, autophagosome mature protein Beclin-1 and relevant gene, meanwhile the conversion of LC3-I to LC3-Ⅱ was accelerated.

A review on the role of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 in children with coronavirus disease 2019 / 中国当代儿科杂志

With the spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) all over the world, there is an increasing number of children with such infection. Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), one of the binding sites for SARS-CoV-2 infection in humans, can bind to viral spike proteins, allowing transmembrane serine protease (TMPRSS2) to activate S-protein to trigger infection and induce the production of various inflammatory factors such as interleukin-1, interferon-l, and tumor necrosis factor. Compared with adults, children tend to have lower expression levels of ACE2 and TMPRSS2, which are presumed to be associated with milder symptoms and fewer cases in children. The article summarizes the research advances in the role of ACE2 during SARS-CoV-2 infection, in order to help understand the pathogenic mechanism of SARS-CoV-2 and provide a reference for better development of drugs and vaccines to prevent and treat coronavirus disease 2019 in children.

The clinical significance of serum level of soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 detected before and after lung transplantation / 中华核医学杂志

Objective To evaluate serum soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1) before and after lung transplantation for diagnosing acute rejection. Methods Biotin-streptavidin time resolved fluoroimmunoassay (BSA-TRFIA) was used to detect the concentration of serum sICAM-1 before and after lung transplantation in 26 patients. All patients were divided into stable lung transplantation group (n =16), acute rejection group (n =4) and infected group (n =6). The serum level of sICAM-1 in those groups was compared with that of the control group ( n = 30 ) by the non-parametric rank sum test ( KruskalWallis H test). Results No significant difference was found for serum sICAM-1 among the three groups and the control group before operation: (357.07 ± 220.01 ), ( 396. 18 ± 136.25 ), (468.95 ± 85.48 ) μg/L vs(348.63 ±69. 12) μg/L, H=6. 0436, P ＞0.05. However, when rejection and infection happened after operation, the serum sICAM-1 increased in the acute rejection group (455.53 ± 126.51 μg/L) and decreased in the infection group (146.43 ± 327.11 μg/L), and the level in the stable transplantation group was (274.23 ± 157.53 ) μg/L (H = 21. 8994, P ＜ 0.01 ). Conclusion Serum sICAM-1 level might be a potential marker to differentiate acute rejection from infection after lung transplantation.

Changes of alkaline phosphatase sugar chains in hepatocellular carcinoma tissue / 中华肝脏病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the changes of sugar chain structures of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in hepatoma tissue and its relation to the invasiveness of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The binding ratios of ALP from 9 normal liver tissues, 16 hepatoma tissues and 16 noncancerous tissues surrounding hepatoma were analysed by affinity chromatography on various lectin columns including leukoagglutinating phytohemagglutinin (L-PHA), lentil lectin (LCA), Datura stramonium agglutinin (DSA), erythroagglutinating phytohemagglutinin (E-PHA) and Sambucus nigra bark agglutinin (SNA).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The binding ratios of ALP on L-PHA (22.94%+/-5.30%), DSA (55.97%+/-13.72%), LCA (38.16%+/-8.87%), E-PHA (11.56%+/-4.81%) and SNA (69.80%+/-13.71%) in HCC tissues were significantly increased (P<0.01) compared with that in normal liver tissues (L-PHA 5.89%+/-2.75%, DSA 36.20%+/-11.58%, LCA 17.90%+/-6.71%, E-PHA 5.38%+/-2.20%, SNA 57.32%+/-11.27%), respectively. t values between the two groups were 8.94, 3.64, 5.94, 3.62 and 2.32, respectively. L-PHA-binding ratio (25.84%+/-4.67%) of ALP in HCC with invasiveness was significantly higher than that (18.10%+/-3.64%) without invasiveness (t=3.71, P<0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The changes of ALP sugar chain structures occur in HCC tissue. b1-6 branching sugar chain structure of ALP is related to the invasiveness of HCC.</p>

Superficial siderosis in the central nervous system:report of a case with asymptomatic hypoglycemia / 中华神经科杂志

Objective To investigate the clinic characters and diagnosis of superficial siderosis in the central nervous system (SSCN).Methods One patient was systematically studied by the authors. Results SSCN was a rare entity,resulting in the deposition of ferric pigments and ions on the surface of the central nervous system.The clinical features included progressive sensorineural hearing loss,cerebellar ataxia and pyramidal sign,widespread hypointensity band at surfaces of the cerebral or cerebellar hemispheres,the brain stem and the spinal cord on Gradient Echo T_2~*-weighted images (GRE-T_2~* WI) of MR,elevation of the levels of ferritin in the cerebrospinal fluid.Conclusions This disease can be identified at early stage with history and physical examination.GRE-T_2~* WI and some related cerebrospinal fluid tests will contribute to diagnosis.