Reactivation of chronic hepatitis B infection related to imatinib mesylate therapy in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia: two cases report and literatures review / 中华血液学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To probe the cause for triggering HBV reactivation and possible management of the chronic hepatitis B individuals received imatinib.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>This study presented two cases of transient hepatitis B virus (HBV) reactivation and hepatic dysfunction during oral imatinib for chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) and made a literatures review about the pathogenesis, possible prophylactic and therapeutic management of such chronic hepatitis B individuals receiving imatinib.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Two CML patients, without prior liver dysfunction but with chronic HBV infection, suffered from transient HBV reactivation occurred during oral imatinib. Both of them finally obtained good outcome following the additional oral nucleotide antiviral therapy.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>It remained unclear whether imatinib induced the reactivation of HBV in patients with a latent HBV infection. From our study, all candidates receiving oral imatinib should be screened for HBsAg and anti-HBc antibodies prior to initiation of imatinib. Prophylactic antiviral therapy should be offered to HBV-infected individuals along with a close monitoring for signs of reactivation.</p>

Hepatitis B virus reactivation in a chronic myeloid leukemia patient treated with imatinib mesylate / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

Imatinib mesylate is a molecular targeted agent for treating chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) and gastrointestinal stromal tumor. Although imatinib mesylate is not regarded as an immunosuppressive agent, few studies have also shown that it may impair immune response. In this report, we present a case of transient hepatitis B virus (HBV) reactivation during imatinib mesylate treatment for CML.

Effect of deguelin on proliferation and apoptosis of lymphoma Daudi cells and its mechanism / 中华肿瘤杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the anticancer effects and molecular mechanism of deguelin on human Burkitt's lymphoma Daudi cells in vitro and compare the cytotoxicity of deguelin on Daudi cells and human peripheral blood monocular cells (HPBMC).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The effects of deguelin on the growth of Daudi cells were studied by 3-(4, 5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2, 5 diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium (MTT) assay. Apoptosis was assessed through Hoechst 33258 staining and annexin V/PI double-labeled cytometry. The effect of deguelin on the cell cycle of Daudi cells was studied by propidium iodide method. The expressions of cyclin D1 and pRb were checked by Western blot.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The proliferation of Daudi cells was decreased in deguelin-treated group with a 24 h IC50 value of 51. 55 nmol/L. Deguelin induced Daudi cells apoptosis in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Daudi cells treated with deguelin showed an increase of G0/G1 phase and decrease of S phase. The Daudi cells treated with 0, 5, 10, 20, 40 nmol/L deguelin for 24 h, showed an increased Go/G, phase from 37.34% to 56.56% , whereas decreased S phase from 37.72% to 21.36%, respectively. PBMC was less sensitive to the cytotoxic effect of deguelin than Daudi cells. The expression of cyclin D1 and pRb protein were decreased in Daudi cells treated with deguelin.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Deguelin can inhibit the proliferation of Daudi cells by regulating the cell cycle that arrest cells at G0/G1 phase and inducing apoptosis. Moreover, deguelin demonstrats low toxicity in PBMC but selectively induces apoptosis of Daudi cells. The antitumor effects of deguelin may be related to down-regulation of the expression of cyclin D1 and pRb protein.</p>

Deguelin regulates cell cycle and nuclear pore complex protein Nup98 and Nup88 in U937 cells in vitro / 中华血液学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate antitumor activity and molecular mechanism of deguelin to the human U937 leukaemia cells and to explore the mechanisms regulating cell cycle and nucleoporin 98 (Nup98) and nucleoporin 88 (Nup88) in vitro.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The effects of deguelin on the growth of U937 cells were studied by MTT assay, and the cell cycle of U937 cells by a propidium iodide method. The localization of the nuclear pore complex protein Nup98 and Nup88 was checked by immunofluorescence and immunoelectron microscopy. The expressions of Nup98 and Nup88 in U937 cells were checked by flow cytometry (FCM) and Western blot respectively.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The proliferation of U937 cells was significantly inhibited in a time-dose dependent manner in deguelin-treated group with a 24 h IC50 value of 21.61 nmol/L and 36 h IC50 value of 17.07 nmol/L. U937 cells treated with deguelin showed reduction in the percentages of cells in G0/G1, whereas accumulation of cells in S and G2/M phase. The ratio of G1/G0 phase cells were 73.01%, 71.15%, 68.42%, 52.45%, 43.99% and 22.82%, and that of S phase cells were 17.18%, 16.30%, 18.09%, 27.56%, 31.21% and 46.85%, and that of G2/M phase cells were 9.75%, 12.31%, 13.09%, 18.99%, 24.83% and 27.79% at deguelin concentrations of 0, 5, 10, 20, 40, 80 nmol/L respectively. Nup88 and Nup98 were found on both the nuclear and cytoplasmic side of the U937 cells. The expression of Nup98 was up-regulated and Nup88 down-regulated in deguelin treated U937 cells.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Deguelin is able to inhibit the proliferation of U937 cells by regulating the cell cycle. The antitumor activity of deguelin was related to up-regulating the expression of Nup98 and down-regulating Nup88 protein.</p>

Effects of triptolide and TNF-alpha on the expression of VEGF in Raji cells and on angiogenesis in ECV304 cells / 中国实验血液学杂志

In order to study the relation of antitumour mechanisms of triptolide with neovascularization, the effect of triptolide and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha on the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in Raji cell lines and their effect on angiogenesis in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs)-derived cell line ECV304 were investigated. The inhibitory rate of cells treated by triptolide detected by MTT; the ELISA was employed to study the VEGF content secreted by Raji cell lines; angiogenesis was tested by network formation of endothelial cells on Matrigel, and the mRNA level of VEGF was measured by RT-PCR. The results showed that treatment of Raji cells with triptolide resulted in significantly enhanced antiproliferative effects in dose- and time-dependent manner. The content of VEGF secreted by Raji cells was increased by TNF-alpha and was suppressed by triptolide (P < 0.01). The mRNA expressions of VEGF(165) and VEGF(121) (containing 165 and 121 amino acid residues, respectively) could be detected in all fractions. TNF-alpha augmented the expression of VEGF(165) and VEGF(121) mRNA when triptolide reduced the expression (P < 0.01). No network and cord were formed in control and triptolide group. There was tube formation on matrigel in the supernatants of Raji culture group and the supernatants groups treated by VEGF and TNF-alpha in Raji cell. It is concluded that the expressions of VEGF in Raji cells are increased by TNF-alpha and suppressed by triptolide. VEGF and TNF-alpha induce angiogenesis and triptolide inhibits angiogenesis in ECV304 cells.

Effects of TNF-alpha and curcumin on the expression of VEGF in Raji and U937 cells and on angiogenesis in ECV304 cells / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>To better understand the possibilities of antiangiogenic tumor therapy and to assess possible side effects, we investigated the effect of tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha and curcumin on the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in U937 and Raji cell lines and their effect on angiogenesis in a human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVECs)-derived cell line (ECV304), and also the relationship between Notch1 and VEGF. The aim of this study was to elucidate potential mechanisms controlling tumor neovascularization.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>VEGF secreted by U937 and Raji cell lines was determined by ELISA. Angiogenesis was tested by network formation of endothelial cells on Matrigel. Levels of VEGF mRNA in U937 and Raji cells and Notch1 mRNA levels in EV304 cells were determined by RT-PCR.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Secretion of VEGF by U937 and Raji cells was increased by TNF-alpha treatment and suppressed by curcumin (P < 0.01). The mRNA expression of VEGF165 and VEGF121 (containing 165 and 121 amino acid residues, respectively) were detected in any fractions. TNF-alpha augmented the expression of VEGF165 and VEGF121 mRNA and curcumin reduced the expression (P < 0.01). No networks or cords formed in control and curcumin groups. There was tube formation on matrigel in the supernatants of the Raji culture group and the supernatants groups treated by VEGF group and TNF-alpha in Raji cell. Notch1 mRNA was detected but there was no significant change in the VEGF group compared with control (P > 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Expressions of VEGF mRNA in U937 and Raji cells were increased by TNF-alpha and suppressed by curcumin. VEGF and TNF-alpha can induce angiogenesis, and curcumin can inhibit angiogenesis in ECV304 cells.</p>

In vitro infection of human megakaryocyte precursors by human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) and the antiviral effect of HCMV antisense oligonucleotides / 中华血液学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the suppression effect of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) on megakaryocytes and their precursors and study the antiviral effect of antisense phosphorothioate deoxyoligonucleotide (ASON) against HCMV.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>CD34(+) cells were induced to proliferate and differentiate committedly to megakaryocytes in a semi-solid CFU-MK culture system. Cultured cells and ASON pretreated CD34(+) cells were infected by HCMV of AD169 strain. HCMV immediate early protein (IEP) DNA and mRNA and UL36 mRNA were detected by PCR and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Cytotoxicity was evaluated by MTT assay.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>HCMV AD169 suppressed the proliferation of megakaryocytes significantly. Compared with the mock group, the CFU-MK yields were decreased by 21.6%, 33.8%, and 46.3%, respectively, in 3 different titers of virus infected groups (P < 0.05). The suppression was virus titer dependent. HCMV IEP DNA, HCMV IEP mRNA and UL36 mRNA were detected in the colony cells of viral infection group. Compared with the infected group by HCMV AD169, UL36Anti treatment at 0.08 micromol/L could recover the CFU-MK yields significantly (P < 0.05). In the infected MK, which was pretreated with UL36Anti at 0.08 micromol/L, HCMV UL36 mRNA was undetectable by RT-PCR. The oligonucleotide MM(1) containing a G-to-C substitution in UL36Anti was inactive at 0.08 micromol/L but active at 0.40 micromol/L. The concentration of UL36Anti necessary to significantly affect cell growth was 90.00 micromol/L.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>HCMV AD169 infection inhibits the proliferation and differentiation of megakaryocytes and their precursors. There are early transcriptions of HCMV IE and UL36 protein in infected CFU-MK. The specific ASON has a definite anti-HCMV activity.</p>

Effect of curcumin on STAT5 signaling pathway in primary CML cells / 中国实验血液学杂志

To study the effect of curcumin on signaling pathway of signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT5) in primary newly-diagnosed chronic myelocytic leukemia (CML) cells, and to explore the clinical significance of curcumin in the treatment of primary CML cells, the cells were randomly divided into 3 groups: normal control group, CML cells group, and curcumin group; the cellular proliferation was assayed by MTT test; the expression of cellular STAT5 mRNA in CML cells was detected by RT-PCR; the activation of STAT5 in CML cell was detected by electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA). The results showed that the cellular proliferation of curcumin group (OD value 0.640 +/- 0.073) was decreased, as compared with that of the CML cells group (OD value 0.856 +/- 0.083, P <0.01). The expression levels of STAT5 mRNA in CML cells group (integral ratio of OD 1.782 +/- 0.156) were significantly greater than that in the normal control group (integral ratio of OD 0.289 +/- 0.025, P <0.01). The expression of STAT5 mRNA in curcumin group (integral ratio of OD 1.398 +/- 0.126) was significantly decreased as compared with that in the CML cells group (P <0.01). The activation of STAT5 was significantly increased in CML cells group (gray value 5323.375 +/- 515.640) as compared with that in the normal control group (gray value 2943.000 +/- 273.377, P <0.01). The activation of STAT5 of curcumin group (gray value 4331.750 +/- 398.035) was significantly decreased as compared with that of CML cells group (P <0.01). It is concluded that the cellular proliferation and the expression of STAT5 mRNA are increased in the primary CML cells. The activation of STAT5 in primary CML cells is markedly enhanced. STAT5 signaling pathway may be involved in the proliferation of primary CML cells. Curcumin can inhibit the cellular proliferation and the expression of STAT5 mRNA, and down-regulate the activation of STAT5 in primary CML cells. Curcumin may be used in treatment of leukemia.

Effect of trichostatin A on histone acetylation level and apoptosis in HL-60 cells / 中国实验血液学杂志

In order to explore the underlying mechanism of high effects and low toxicity of trichostatin A (TSA), the effect of TSA on growth inhibition, histone acetylation level and apoptosis in HL-60 cells and normal human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (NPBMNC) were examined using MTT method, immunocytochemistry technology, and Annexin-V-FITC/PI double staining flow cytometry. The results showed that TSA inhibited growth of HL-60 in time- and dose-dependent manners, and the IC(50) of 36 hours was 100 ng/ml. The apoptosis induction effect of TSA in HL-60 cells was also time- and dose-dependent. Besides, the dose of TSA showing significant apoptotic cytotoxicity in HL-60 cells did not demonstrate apparent apoptosis induction in NPBMNC within definite dose and time range. The histone acetylation level in HL-60 cells and NPBMNC both showed remarkable increase (P < 0.05) after incubated with 100 ng/ml TSA for 4 hours without statistical difference between them is detected (P > 0.05). It is concluded that TSA shows effects of definite and significant growth inhibition and apoptosis induction on HL-60 cells in time- and dose-dependent manners. TSA is able to selectively induce apoptosis in HL-60 cells with low toxicity in NPBMNC at the same time. The mechanism of this selectivity can not be ascribed to the differential regulation of histone acetylation level between HL-60 cells and NPBMNC.