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ObjectiveTo establish the specific chromatogram and thin layer chromatography(TLC) of Qingxin Lianziyin(QXLZY) benchmark samples, in order to clarify the key quality attributes and provide a reference for the quality evaluation of QXLZY. MethodHigh performance liquid chromatography(HPLC) specific chromatogram of QXLZY benchmark samples was developed by using a YMC Hydrosphere C18 column(4.6 mm×250 mm, 5 μm) with the mobile phase of acetonitrile(A)-0.2% formic acid aqueous solution(B) for gradient elution(0-10 min, 5%-20%A; 10-20 min, 20%A; 20-25 min, 20%-24%A; 25-40 min, 24%-30%A; 40-55 min, 30%-50%A; 55-65 min, 50%-100%A; 65-75 min, 100%A; 75-75.1 min, 100%-5%A; 75.1-90 min, 5%A), and the detection wavelength was 360 nm. Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-linear ion trap/orbitrap mass spectrometry(UHPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap MS) with electrospray ionization(ESI) was used to identify the components of QXLZY benchmark samples by accurate relative molecular weight and multilevel MS fragment ion information, the detection conditions were positive and negative ion modes and data dependency scanning mode. TLC identification methods for Ophiopogonis Radix, Lycii Cortex, Nelumbinis Semen, Poria, Astragali Radix and Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma in QXLZY were established. ResultA total of 15 characteristic peaks were identified from Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, Plantaginis Semen and Scutellariae Radix, and the relative standard deviations of the retention times of 15 characteristic peaks in 15 batches of QXLZY benchmark samples were≤3% with peak 8(baicalin) as the reference peak. A total of 100 compounds, including flavonoids, organic acids, saponins, amino acids and others, were identified in the benchmark samples by UHPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap MS. The established TLC had good separation and was suitable for the identification of Ophiopogonis Radix, Lycii Cortex, Nelumbinis Semen, Poria, Astragali Radix and Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma in QXLZY. ConclusionThe material basis of QXLZY benchmark samples is basically determined by MS designation and source attribution. The established specific chromatogram and TLC of QXLZY are simple, stable and reproducible, which can provide a reference for the development and quality control of QXLZY.
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ObjectiveTo observe the anti-swelling and analgesic effects of Jianpi Tongluo prescription (JPTL) and to explore its mechanism initially. MethodA total of 120 ICR mice were divided into normal group, model group, JPTL low-, medium- and high-dose groups (5, 10, 20 g·kg-1) and positive drug (celecoxib, 0.03 g·kg-1) group, with 10 in each group (po,once a day). Complete freund's adjuvant (CFA) was used to induce the model of chronic inflammatory pain, and xylene-induced ear swelling test, hot plate test and acetic acid writhing test were performed to observe the anti-swelling and analgesic effects of different doses of JPTL in these four acute and chronic models. Further, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect the expressions of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in serum and inflammatory paw of mice with chronic inflammatory pain, and the expressions of aquaporin 1 (AQP1), aquaporin 3 (AQP3), cyclooxygenase 1 (COX1), cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2) and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) in inflammatory paw were detected by Western blot, to explore the preliminary mechanism of JPTL. ResultCompared with the conditions in the normal group, there was a significant increase in the ear swelling of xylene-induced model mice, a shortened paw withdrawal latency in the hot plate test (P<0.01). Compared with the model group, JPTL remarkably increased the inhibition rate of xylene-induced ear swelling (P<0.05, P<0.01), prolonged the latency period of writhing caused by acetic acid and reduced the number of writhing (P<0.05, P<0.01). Compared with normal group, the degree of feet swelling in chronic inflammatory pain mice was significantly increased, the threshold of mechanical pain was decreased and the threshold of cold pain was increased (P<0.05, P<0.01), the protein contents of AQP1 and AQP3 in inflammatory feet were increased, and the contents of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, PGE2 and COX2 in inflammatory feet were increased in serum and/or inflammatory feet. The protein expression levels of p-p38 MAPK, p-JNK and p-ERK in inflammatory feet were increased (P<0.01). Compared with the model group, JPTL relieved paw swelling of mice with chronic inflammatory pain, elevated mechanical withdrawal threshold while decreased cold withdrawal threshold, with analgesia lasting for 4 h and the optimal time point for analgesia being 2 h after administration (P<0.05, P<0.01). Moreover, JPTL down-regulated AQP1, AQP3, COX2, p-p38 MAPK, p-JNK and p-ERK in inflammatory paw of mice with chronic inflammatory pain and reduced IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and PGE2 in serum and/or inflammatory paw, but it had no significant effect on COX1 (P<0.05, P<0.01). ConclusionJPTL has anti-swelling and analgesic effects, and its mechanism is related to inhibiting the production of cytokines and inflammatory mediators via the down-regulation of MAPKs signaling pathway, which provides an experimental basis for the clinical application of JPTL.
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ObjectiveTo establish the specific chromatogram and thin layer chromatography(TLC) identification method of Kaixinsan(KXS) samples, in order to clarify the key quality attributes and provide reference for the quality evaluation of KXS. MethodHigh performance liquid chromatography(HPLC) specific chromatogram of KXS was developed with YMC Hydrosphere C18 column(4.6 mm×250 mm, 5 μm), the mobile phase was acetonitrile(A)-0.2% formic acid aqueous solution(B) for gradient elution(0-15 min, 2%-20%A; 15-25 min, 20%-25%A; 25-30 min, 25%-30%A; 30-45 min, 30%-31%A; 45-50 min, 31%-44%A; 50-65 min, 44%-45%A; 65-73 min, 45%-75%A; 73-95 min, 75%-100%A; 95-105 min, 100%A; 105-105.1 min, 100%-2%A; 105.1-120 min, 2%A), the detection wavelength was 320 nm. Ultra high performance liquid chromatography-linear ion trap-electrostatic field orbitrap mass spectrometry(UHPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap MS) was used to identify the chemical components of KXS with electrospray ionization(ESI), negative ion mode and scanning range of m/z 50-2 000. TLC identification methods for Poria and Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma in KXS were established. ResultThere were 11 common peaks in the specific chromatogram of KXS, attributed to Polygalae Radix, Poria and Acori Tatarinowii Rhizoma. Taking peak 9(α-asarone) as the reference peak, the relative standard deviations of the retention times of 15 batches of KXS samples were<0.2%. A total of 34 compounds were identified by UHPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap MS, including terpenoids, phenylpropanoids, oligosaccharides and ketones. The established TLC had good separation and was rapid, reliable, simple, feasible, suitable for the identification of Poria and Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma in KXS. ConclusionThe specific chromatogram and TLC of KXS are stable and reproducible. The material basis of KXS is basically clarified by MS, which can provide a reference for the development and quality control of KXS.
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Serious hazards of transfusion(SHOT)in the United Kingdom has been received reporting of the adverse events of delayed transfusion for more than ten years. Hemovigilance Module Surveillance Protocol in Biovigilance Component in National Healthcare Safety Network in the United States updated the incident codes to include under-transfusion with the creation of a new process code: no blood (NB) and four incident codes in October 2022. This review introduces the monitoring practice of delayed transfusion/under-transfusion in the UK and the USA, makes a suggestion to incorporate delayed transfusion/under-transfusion due to blood shortage into the national health standard on the classification of transfusion reactions and haemovigilance protocol in China, and to do a national survey as well, therefore the real world data and evidences would be obtained and used for further policy making.
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U.S. Food and Drug Administration recently issued a guidance on alternative procedures for the manufacture of cold-stored platelets intended for the treatment of active bleeding when conventional platelets are not available or their use is not practical. It was allowed to use platelets stored at 1 ℃ to 6 ℃, with a storage period of up to 14 days from the date of collection.The validation and quality monitoring of platelet manufacture retained pH items testing at the end of the storage, and platelet count and actual plasma volume testing items were not required. The guidance provided the recommendations and considerations for the manufacture, labeling, storage, transportation, bacterial contamination control, process validation, and quality monitoring sampling of cold-stored platelets, as well as the further research needs for its efficacy, particularly when conventional platelets are available and their use is practical. The scientific and regulatory considerations on cold-stored platelets in the guidance would be informative and instructive to the development of blood regulation and standards related with urgent transfusion in China.
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ObjectiveAlmond, which is bitter in taste, contains traces of toxic substances. For the sake of the safety of prescriptions containing this medicinal material, the processing method of "soaking in boiling water" was selected. Moreover, through literature research and network pharmacology, the characteristic index of this medicinal material was determined. On this basis, a method was established for the determination of amygdalin in Qingfei Paidu Granules (QFPD) and the transfer rate of it in the processing of this prescription was monitored, aiming at improving the quality control system of QFPD. MethodThe high performance liquid chromatography conditions are as follows: YMC Triart C18 column (4.6 mm × 150 mm, 5 µm), mobile phase of methanol-water with flow of 1.0 mL·min-1, column temperature of 35 ℃, and detection wavelength of 210 nm. ResultThe linear curve fitted well and the average recovery of amygdalin was 97.74% with RSD of 4.3%. The transfer rates of amygdalin from the medicinal material to the extract, from extract to concentrate, and from concentrate to granules were investigated with this method. The result showed that the average transfer rate from the medicinal material to the granules was (60±3.91)%. The comparison of transfer rate between the processes suggesting that the extraction of the medicinal material might be the key part influencing the prescription preparation. ConclusionThe method is simple, sensitive, reproducible, stable, and accurate, and the index is reasonable. Thus, the method can be used for the quality control of QFPD and determination of transfer rate of components in the preparation of QFPD. This study further improves the quality control standard of almond in QFPD, which can serve as a reference for the clinical application of QFPD.
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Objective:To systematically evaluate the risk factors for postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs) in elderly patients undergoing hip fracture surgery.Methods:PubMed, Embase, Cochrance Library, CBM, CNKI and Wanfang Databases were searched.Search strategy was subject word combined with random word.The case control and cohort studies involving the influencing factors for PPCs in elderly patients undergoing hip fracture from January 2000 to November 2020 were retrieved.PPCs included pneumonia, aspiration pneumonitis, pulmonary infections, respiratory failure, atelectasis and pleural effusion, etc.The quality of literatures was assessed by using Newcastle-Ottawa Scale, data were extracted and analysis was performed using RevMan5.3 software.Results:A total of 18 studies were finally enrolled, including 15 case control studies and 3 cohort studies.The results of analysis showed that the advanced age, male, history of smoking, low body mass index, history of cerebrovascular accident, history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, history of diabetes, preoperative albumin concentration<35 g/L, preoperative hemoglobin concentration<120 g/L, American Society of Anesthesiologists Physical Status classification≥Ⅲ, operation delay≥48 h and general anesthesia were the risk factors for PPCs ( P<0.05). Conclusions:There are numerous risk factors for PPCs in elderly patients undergoing hip fracture surgery, and advanced age, male, history of smoking, low body mass index, history of cerebrovascular accident, history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, history of diabetes, preoperative albumin concentration<35 g/L, preoperative hemoglobin concentration<120 g/L, American Society of Anesthesiologists Physical Status classification≥Ⅲ, operation delay≥48 h and general anesthesia are the risk factors for PPCs in elderly patients undergoing hip fracture surgery.
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Objective To establish the finite element model of upper cervical vertebrae C0-3 with Jefferson fracture, and to analyze the influence of posterior atlantoaxial fusion (PSF) and occipitocervical fusion (OCF) on biomechanical properties of the vertebral body and mechanical conduction of the screw-rod system. Methods Based on CT images, the C0-3 segment Jefferson fracture model of human upper cervical spine was established. PSF, OCF1 and OCF2 internal fixation were performed according to surgical plan in clinic, and 50 N concentrated force and 1.5 N·m torque were applied to bottom of the occipital bone. The stress distribution and range of motion (ROM) of the cervical vertebral body, the maximum stress of the screw-rod system and the stress distribution of the intervertebral disc for C0-3 segment during flexion, extension, bending and rotation of the upper cervical spine were studied. Results Compared with PSF, the ROM of OCF1 and OCF2 vertebral bodies increased, and the stress of the nail rod decreased. OCF had a better fixation effect. Conclusions PSF, OCF1 and OCF2 fixation method can reduce the upper cervical ROM and restore stability of the upper cervical spine, which make stress distributions of the vertebral body and intervertebral disc tend to be at normal level. The research result can provide a theoretical basis for clinical surgery plan.
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Ramping-up is the magnet current injection procedure which is under the control of resistance, voltage, current lead temperature, magnet pressure, temperature and so on. In this procedure, the factors related to the stability of the magnet such as, magnet temperature, pressure and currents are constantly changing. This procedure is the main step which the magnet-quench occurs in. This study uses the data collected during 7 years and SIMENS MRI ramping-up theory, in order to help engineers understand the key factors to reduce the magnet quench during the ramping up procedure.
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Magnets , TemperatureРеферат
【Objective】 With the development of global voluntary blood donation, people′s awareness of the risk of blood donor iron deficiency is also increasing. The only significant shortcoming of the blood donation currently known is the potential risk of iron deficiency. Therefore, it is necessary to prevent the occurrence of iron deficiency in blood donors. In the past two decades, in the context of the ethics of blood transfusion medicine, following the principles of respecting and non-harmfulness to blood donors has led to the development of interventions on blood donor iron metabolism management based on national and regional levels. In the past decade, the American Association of Blood Banks (AABB) had carried out a number of large-scale targeted studies. A systematic study in Canada, covering a period of more than 5 years, also found that iron deficiency in blood donors, especially female blood donors and frequent blood donors, was very common. The latest EU regulations issued in May 2020 make it clear that blood banks must implement appropriate measures to minimize the iron consumption of frequent blood donors. Since the late 1980s in my country, some professionals have begun to study the iron metabolism of blood donors, but so far there is a lack of large-scale research for blood donor iron management. This topic presents the research results of a large-scale survey on the status of iron metabolism of blood donors in Beijing, hoping to provide basic data and decision support for the implementation of iron management interventions for blood donor across the country.
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【Objective】 To detect the ferritin of whole blood donors in Beijing, and to analyze the influencing factors related to low level of ferritin, so as to provide scientific basis for iron supplementation of blood donors. 【Methods】 Ferritin was detected among 27 071 blood donors in Beijing area from March to June 2018. Related information of blood donors with low ferritin level was analyzed using Logistic regression analysis to determine the type of blood donors most likely to present low ferritin level. 【Results】 The rate of low ferritin value in whole blood donors in Beijing was 8.54%. The abnormal low ferritin was affected by gender, repeat donation behavior and the number of blood donations within one year, and not by age.The gender and the number of blood donations within one year presented great impact, with OR value at 8.258(CI7.463~9.137)and 2.148(CI1.856~2.485), respectively. 【Conclusion】 The iron storage status of whole blood donors in Beijing area under the current blood policy is better than that in other developed countries, revealed by a large-scale population survey, yet more attention should be paid to the ferritin status of repeat blood donors.
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【Objective】 We performed a prospective analysis of iron status in plateletpheresis donors, to provide data basis and support for optimizing the strategy of plateletpheresis donation and high quality service for donors. 【Methods】 Plasma ferritin levels were measured in samples from 3 444 plateletpheresis donors who donated in Beijing Red Cross Blood Center to evaluate iron status from the perspective of sex, age, donation status and number of donations in the past 12 months. 【Results】 1) The incidence of low ferritin level was 26.63% in 3 444 cases. There was significant difference in the incidence of low ferritin between sex, as 26.75% in males and 26.31% in females (P>0.05), respectively. There was no significant difference in the concentration of ferritin and the incidence of low ferritin between different age groups of first-time donors. The concentration of ferritin declined and the incidence of low ferritin in males and females increased along with accumulated donations during the past 12 months. 【Conclusions】 This is a large study of ferritin testing in Chinese plateletpheresis donors from multiple dimensions, which laid a foundation for further researches. Ferritin screening is necessary and helpful to reduce the risk of iron deficiency in plateletpheresis donors.
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【Objective】 To investigate and analyze the effect of frequent platelet donation on hemoglobin(Hb) and ferritin in blood donors. 【Methods】 73 male plateletpheresis donors, with an average donation interval of 15.26 days, in Beijing Red Cross Blood Center between March 2019 to June 2019 were enrolled into this study. These donors were classified into 3 groups according to the ferritin level during the 5 consecutive donations: 1st group (n=21, ferritin ≥30 μg/L), 2nd group (n=23, ferritin<30 μg/L) and 3rd group (n=29, ferritin fluctuated at 30 μg/L). Their Hb and ferritin during the 5 consecutive donation were detected and further analyzed. 【Results】 1) No significant difference was found in Hb during the 5 consecutive donations (P>0.05), and the ferritin decreased gradually(P<0.01). The incidence of low-value ferritin increased with the donations (35.62% - 63.01%). 2) The same change trend in Hb and ferritin was observed in 1st and 2nd group, except for Hb at 4th donation was significantly higher in 1st group than it in 2nd group. 3) Increasing Hb threshold for donation from 120g/L to 135 g/L can reduce the incidence of low-value ferritin from 23.23% to 18.00%, but also lead to a decrease of blood resources by 10.61%. 【Conclusion】 A progressive decline in iron reserve was observed in frequent platepheresis donors, with minimal impact of Hb on reducing the risk of iron deficiency. It is particularly necessary to carry out ferritin testing for frequent platepheresis donors.
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【Objective】 To investigate the variation of ferric metabolism indexes in male regular platetpheresis donors (MRPDs) with the low iron storage (plasma ferritin <30 μg/L). 【Methods】 The ferric metabolism indexes of 137 MRPDs with ferritin <30 μg/Lwere detected, including serum free iron (sFI), hemoglobin (Hb), unsaturated iron binding capacity (UIBC), total iron binding capacity (TIBC), transferrin (TRF) and prealbumin (PALB). The correlation between these indexes and the level of ferritin, the total number of platelet donation and the number of platelet donations in the previous year were analyzed. 【Results】 The UIBC of MRPDs with ferritin <30 μg/L showed a significant upward trendin comparison with the normal reference value, with the median level of UIBC at 55.1 μmol / L. The level of serum iron decreased significantly, with the median level at 10.9 μg / L. The level of ferritin was correlated with UIBC and Hb, and the indexes of iron metabolism were generally correlated to each other. The number of platelet donation in the previous year was correlated with TIBC, UIBC and TRF. The total number of platelet donation was correlated with TIBC and TRF. 【Conclusion】 MRPDs with ferritin <30 μg/L showed abnormalferric metabolism. It is necessary to detect both ferritin and ferric metabolism indexes to evaluate the iron deficiency in MRPDs.
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【Objective】 To investigate the unqualified rate of anti-HIV detection of blood screening laboratories in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, and explore the differences in anti-HIV detection ability and influencing factors in each laboratory. 【Methods】 Through filling questionnaires via e-mail, the anti-HIV ELISA unqualified rate and confirmed (WB) positive results (data) from January to December 2018 from 15 blood screening laboratories in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region were collected. Our laboratory was responsible for data collection and confirmation, and statistics software SPSS22.0 was used for analysis. 【Results】 1) There was a statistically significant difference among the unqualified rate of anti-HIV ELISA(6.77‱~35.71‱) and confirmed positive rate(0.60‱~3.56‱) in 15 blood screening laboratories in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region (P<0.05); 2) There were significant differencse among the ELISA unqualified rate and the confirmed positive rate of 8 reagents for anti-HIV detection(P<0.01), and the sensitivity of the 4th generation detection reagent and the imported reagent was higher than that of the 3rd generation reagent and the domestic reagent. The anti-HIV ELISA unqualified rate of R5 was the highest (19.08‱). 3)There were significant differences in the anti-HIV ELISA unqualified rate of R1, R2, R3, R5 and R7 reagents among different blood station laboratories(P<0.05), and there were no significant differences in the anti-HIV ELISA unqualified rate of R4, R6 and R8 reagents among different blood station laboratories(P>0.05). 4)The unqualified rate of anti-HIV ELISA of laboratories using different regents showed significant differences(P<0.05), except H, J, M. The unqualified rate of imported reagent was significantly higher than that of domestic reagents of laboratories using imported and domestic reagents combinations(P<0.05), except O. 62.5% (5/8) laboratories using domestic 3rd and 4th generation reagent combination showed significant differences in the unqualified rates among different reagents(P<0.05); 5) The positive rate of single-reagent(62.02%~95.45%)in 15 blood screening laboratories showed significant difference(P<0.001), and A was the lowest (62.02%). 【Conclusion】 The anti-HIV detection ability among 15 blood screening laboratories in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region is quite different. The application of different reagents is the main factor for the difference, and other factors such as personnel, instruments and test strategies also has a great impact on the detection of anti-HIV. It is still necessary to promote the process of homogenization of blood testing quality among blood screening laboratories in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region.
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The modifications of slices, flip angle, SAR mode and TR time are required when the SAR exceeds the limits. The scan time and image quality are affected by those. This study analyzes the SAR from the basic side. With the principle diagram of SIEMENS 1.5 T AVANTO and 3.0 T VERIO MRIS, the trouble shooting procedure of SAR problem is reached both in application and problem sides.
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Algorithms , Image EnhancementРеферат
Objective@#To analyze the relationship among cardiopulmonary endurance, body composition, flexibility, muscle strength and endurance with functional movement performance of male college students, and to explore the factors associated with the performance of functional movements.@*Methods@#A total of 112 male college students were selected, muscle power and flexibility test was based on the national student physical health standard, founctional movement screen created by Cook was used to test founctional movement performance.@*Results@#Male college students have poor flexibility, stability and control of functional movements, and high probability of compensatory or asymmetric movements; In-line lunge, trunk stability push-up were positively associated with cardiorespiratory fitness(r=0.17, 0.17, P<0.05); hurdle step, shoulder mobility, trunk stability push-up and rotary were negative associated with body composition(r=-0.17, -0.13, -0.25, -0.22,P<0.05); shoulder mobility, trunk stability push-up and rotary were positively associated with score of standing long jump, trunk stability push-up was positively associated with endurance of deltoid and trapetus as well as endurance of pectoralis major and latissimus dorsi; shoulder mobility was positively associated with score of sit and reach(r=0.17, P<0.01). The independent risk factors of functional performance of male college students, hurdle step(β=-0.02), trunk stability push-up (β=-0.12) and rotary were body fat rate(β=-0.03); the protective factors trunk stability push-up were body fat rate(β=-0.04), VO 2max (β=0.04) and endurance of pectoralis major and latissimus dorsi(β=0.03).@*Conclusion@#The functional performance of male college students was not optimistic, which could be improved by increasing health-related physical fitness.
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Objective@#To understand impacts of past experiences of school bullying victimization and social supports on anxiety symptoms of college students, and to provide basic data for appropriate mental health education.@*Methods@#By using cluster random sampling method, a questionnaire survey was conducted among freshman, sophomore and junior college students majoring in clinical medicine from one medical university in Heilongjiang Province. The questionnaire included general demographic information, school bullying and self-rating anxiety scale.@*Results@#In this survey, 647 students (28.4%) were reported of anxiety symptoms, including 462 (20.3%) with mild anxiety, 162 (7.1%) with moderate anxiety, and 23(1.0%) with severe anxiety. Reported rate of mild, moderate and severe anxiety among college students with bullying victimization experiences during primary school students was 22.8%,33.9% and 59.6%, respectively (χ2=93.05, P<0.05). The figure among students with bullying victimization during junior school was 21.5%, 45.2% and 57.3%, respectively (χ2=186.79, P<0.05). Among those with bullying victimization experiences, anxiety symptoms showed no differences between students with or without social supports from peers, parents and teachers (χ2=7.95, P=0.54; χ2=11.57, P=0.24). Ordinal logistic regression showed bullying victimization during primary school and affection to primary school positively associated with anxiety symptoms among college students, while bullying victimization experiences during junior school showed no association with anxiety symptoms in college.@*Conclusion@#Bullying victimization experiences during primary school shows significant association with anxiety symptoms among college students.
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Objective To investigate the expression of miR-133b in the brain of methamphetamine(MA) dependent rats and its regulatory effects on neuronal toxic injury.MethodsThrough continuous intraperitoneal injection to rats with MA(10 mg/kg),the conditioned place preference(CPP) rats model was established,and the expression of miR-133b in the cerebral cortex of model rats was detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR(RT-PCR).PC12 cells were cultured in vitro and treated with MA(800 μmol/L),and then miR-133b expression in cultured neurons was detected.miR-133b mimics and inhibitor were transfected to PC12 cells respectively to observe the effect of miR-133b on the mitochondrial membrane potential(MMP) of cultured neurons.ResultsAfter continuous intraperitoneal injection with MA for 14 days,the residence time of rats in the box with medicine((620.20±44.80)s) was significantly longer compared with the control group((341.80±25.12)s,P<0.01),which showed that MA dependent rats model was successfully established.The RT-PCR detection results showed that the expression of miR-133b in the cerebral cortex of model rats(0.36±0.05) significantly decreased compared with the control group(0.99±0.08,P<0.01).In the in vitro model,most of the neuronal cell bodies became round and the neuorites were withdrawn after MA treatment.Compared with the control group(1.00±0.02),the RT-PCR detection results showed that the expression of miR-133b in MA group(0.74±0.05) decreased(P<0.05).The JC-1 detection results showed that the MMP of the MA group(109.85±7.03) decreased significantly contrast to the control group(36.49±3.89,P<0.01),the MMP of the miR-133b mimics group(58.97±6.56) increased significantly contrast to the mimics control group(135.46±15.04,P<0.01) and the MMP of the miR-133b inhibitor group(162.84±14.15) decreased contrast to the inhibitor control group(139.81±12.26,P<0.05).ConclusionsThe expression of miR-133b in the cerebral cortex of MA dependent rats and in vitro neuron model treated with MA are significantly downregulated.By regulating the expression of miR-133b,the MMP damage of cultured neurons treated with MA is changed,indicating that miR-133b is not only involved in the nerve injury induced by MA,but also possiblely as a molecular target for intervention.
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Patients with chronic thromboembolic pulmonary arterial hypertension,aged> 18 yr,scheduled for primary pulmonary thromboendarterectomy from May 2014 to October 2016 in our hospital,were selected.The site and degree of thrombus obstruction,pulmonary hypertension and degree of right heart insufficiency were assessed on 1 day before surgery.Anesthesia was induced with midazolam,etomidate,rocuronium or cisatracurium,and the Swan-Ganz catheter was placed.Anesthesia was maintained with Ⅳ propofol,dexmedetomidine,cisatracurium or rocuronium,and intermittent Ⅳ large boluses of sufentanil.Deep hypothermia circulatory arrest was used for cardiopulmonary bypass.The bispectral index value was maintained between 40 and 60 during surgery.The systemic blood pressure was maintained above 90/60 mmHg during the non-cardiopulmonary bypass period,and pulmonary arterial pressure was maintained not higher than the preoperative baseline level.The vasoactive drugs such as lyophilized recombinant human brain natriuretic peptide,norepinephrine and dopamine were intravenously injected after cardiopulmonary bypass.A total of 53 patients were included in the study and completed surgery successfully,vital signs were stable during surgery,and the patients returned to the recovery room safely.The mean pulmonary arterial pressure was reduced from the preoperative (38±13) mmHg to (26±12) mmHg at the end of the operation,the incidence of reperfusion pulmonary edema after surgery was 8%,incidence of pulmonary hypertensive crisis was 4%,and no patients died in the perioperative period.There were two improvements in the method of anesthetic management of pulmonary thromboendarterectomy in the perioperative period:(1) Lyophilized recombinant human brain natriuretic peptide in combination with norepinephrine was used;(2) The aortic pressure was guaranteed to ensure oxygen supply for the heart and body.This method can maintain the intraoperative circulation stable and reduce postoperative complications and is a suitable anesthetic management method for pulmonary thromboendarterectomy.