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Background/Aims@#Atezolizumab and bevacizumab have shown promising results for the treatment of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in clinical trials. In this study, the real-world efficacy and safety of atezolizumab and bevacizumab in treating advanced HCC were evaluated. @*Methods@#In this retrospective study of patients at a Korean tertiary cancer center, 111 patients with Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer stage B or C HCC received atezolizumab and bevacizumab as first-line therapy from May 2022 to June 2023. We assessed the progression-free survival (PFS), overall response rate (ORR), disease control rate (DCR), and adverse events. @*Results@#Patients with Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer stage C HCC and Child-Pugh class A liver function were included in the study. The median PFS was 6.5 months, with an ORR of 27% and a DCR of 63%. Several factors, including the albumin-bilirubin grade, age, C-reactive protein and α-fetoprotein in immunotherapy score, macrovascular invasion, lung metastases, and combined radiotherapy, were found to significantly influence PFS (p<0.05). Patients with peritoneal seeding showed an higher ORR. The safety profile was consistent with that observed in clinical trials. @*Conclusions@#Atezolizumab and bevacizumab demonstrated real-world efficacy in the treatment of advanced HCC, with ORRs and DCRs aligning with those observed in clinical trials. Variations in PFS and ORR based on specific risk factors highlight the potential of atezolizumab and bevacizumab in precision medicine for advanced HCC.
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Objective@#This is the first prospective cohort study of Huntington’s disease (HD) in Korea. This study aimed to investigate the caregiver burden in relation to the characteristics of patients and caregivers. @*Methods@#From August 2020 to February 2022, we enrolled patients with HD from 13 university hospitals in Korea. We used the 12-item Zarit Burden Interview (ZBI-12) to evaluate the caregiver burden. We evaluated the clinical associations of the ZBI-12 scores by linear regression analysis and investigated the differences between the low- and high-burden groups. @*Results@#Sixty-five patients with HD and 45 caregivers were enrolled in this cohort study. The average age at onset of motor symptoms was 49.3 ± 12.3 years, with an average cytosine-adenine-guanine (CAG)n of 42.9 ± 4.0 (38–65). The median ZBI-12 score among our caregivers was 17.6 ± 14.2. A higher caregiver burden was associated with a more severe Shoulson–Fahn stage (p = 0.038) of the patients. A higher ZBI-12 score was also associated with lower independence scale (B = -0.154, p = 0.006) and functional capacity (B = -1.082, p = 0.002) scores of patients. The caregiving duration was longer in the high- than in the low-burden group. Caregivers’ demographics, blood relation, and marital and social status did not affect the burden significantly. @*Conclusion@#HD patients’ neurological status exerts an enormous impact on the caregiver burden regardless of the demographic or social status of the caregiver. This study emphasizes the need to establish an optimal support system for families dealing with HD in Korea. A future longitudinal analysis could help us understand how disease progression aggravates the caregiver burden throughout the entire disease course.
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Objective@#The Scales for Outcomes in Parkinson’s Disease–Cognition (SCOPA-Cog) was developed to assess cognition in patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD). In this study, we aimed to evaluate the validity and reliability of the Korean version of the SCOPACog (K-SCOPA-Cog). @*Methods@#We enrolled 129 PD patients with movement disorders from 31 clinics in South Korea. The original version of the SCOPA-Cog was translated into Korean using the translation-retranslation method. The test–retest method with an intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and Cronbach’s alpha coefficient were used to assess reliability. Spearman’s rank correlation analysis with the Montreal Cognitive Assessment-Korean version (MOCA-K) and the Korean Mini-Mental State Examination (K-MMSE) were used to assess concurrent validity. @*Results@#The Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was 0.797, and the ICC was 0.887. Spearman’s rank correlation analysis revealed a significant correlation with the K-MMSE and MOCA-K scores (r = 0.546 and r = 0.683, respectively). @*Conclusion@#Our results demonstrate that the K-SCOPA-Cog has good reliability and validity.
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Background/Aims@#Improved knowledge of local epidemiology and predicting risk factors of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria are required to optimize the management of infections. This study examined local epidemiology and antibiotic resistance patterns of liver cirrhosis (LC) patients and evaluated the predictors of MDR bacteremia in Korea. @*Methods@#This was a retrospective study including 140 LC patients diagnosed with bacteremia between January 2017 and December 2022. Local epidemiology and antibiotic resistance patterns and the determinants of MDR bacteremia were analyzed using logistic regression analysis. @*Results@#The most frequently isolated bacteria, from the bloodstream, were Escherichia coli (n = 45, 31.7%) and Klebsiella spp. (n = 35, 24.6%). Thirty-four isolates (23.9%) were MDR, and extended-spectrum beta-lactamase E. coli (52.9%) and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (17.6%) were the most commonly isolated MDR bacteria. When Enterococcus spp. were cultured, the majority were MDR (MDR 83.3% vs. 16.7%, p = 0.003), particularly vancomycin-susceptible Enterococcus faecium. Antibiotics administration within 30 days and/or nosocomial infection was a significant predictor of MDR bacteremia (OR: 3.40, 95% CI: 1.24–9.27, p = 0.02). MDR bacteremia was not predicted by sepsis predictors, such as positive systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) or quick Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (qSOFA). @*Conclusions@#More than 70% of strains that can be treated with a third-generation cephalosporin have been cultured. In cirrhotic patients, antibiotic administration within 30 days and/or nosocomial infection are predictors of MDR bacteremia; therefore, empirical administration of broad-spectrum antibiotics should be considered when these risk factors are present.
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Background/Aims@#The ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) response score (URS) was developed to identify poor responders to UDCA before treatment, in order to offer timely and proactive intervention. However, validation of the URS in Asian population is warranted. @*Methods@#A total of 173 Asian patients diagnosed with primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) between 2007 and 2016 at seven academic institutions in Korea who started UDCA treatment were analyzed to validate the performance of URS. UDCA response was defined as an alkaline phosphatase level less than 1.67 times the upper limit of normal after 1-year of UDCA treatment. In addition, prognostic performance of URS for liver-related events, defined as newly developed hepatic decompensation or hepatocellular carcinoma was evaluated. @*Results@#After 1 year of UDCA treatment, 133 patients (76.9%) achieved UDCA response. UDCAresponse rate was 98.7% for those with URS ≥1.41 (n=76) and 58.8% for those with URS <1.41(n=97). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of URS in predicting UDCAresponse was 0.84 (95% confidence interval, 0.78 to 0.88). During a median follow-up of 6.5years, liver-related events developed in 18 patients (10.4%). Among 117 patients with PBC stage I-III by histological evaluation, the 5-year liver-related event-free survival rate differed accordingto the URS; 100% for URS ≥1.41 and 86.5% for URS <1.41 (p=0.005). @*Conclusions@#URS demonstrated good performance in predicting a UDCA treatment response in Asian PBC patients. In addition, the risk of liver-related events differed according to the URS for the PBC stage. Thus, URS can be used to predict the response and clinical outcome in patients with PBC.
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Background/Aims@#This study aimed to investigate whether pretransplant frailty can predict postoperative morbidity and mortality after liver transplantation (LT) in patients with cirrhosis. @*Methods@#We retrospectively reviewed 242 patients who underwent LT between 2018 and 2020 at a tertiary hospital in Korea. @*Results@#Among them, 189 patients (78.1%) received LT from a living donor. Physical frailty at baseline was assessed by the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB), by which patientswere categorized into two groups: frail (SPPB <10) and non-frail (SPPB ≥10). Among the whole cohort (age, 55.0±9.2 years; male, 165 [68.2%]), 182 patients were classified as non-frail and 60 patients were classified as frail. Posttransplant survival was shorter in the frail group than the non-frail group (9.3 months vs 11.6 months). Postoperative intensive care unit stay was longer in the frail group than in the non-frail group (median, 6 days vs 4 days), and the 30-day complication rate was higher in the frail group than in the non-frail group (78.3% vs 59.3%). Frailty was an independent risk factor for posttransplant mortality (adjusted hazard ratio, 2.38; 95% confidence interval, 1.02 to 5.57). In subgroup analysis, frail patients showed lower posttransplant survival regardless of history of hepatocellular carcinoma and donor type. @*Conclusions@#Assessment of pretransplant frailty, as measured by SPPB, provides important prognostic information for clinical outcomes in cirrhotic patients undergoing LT.
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This study aimed to determine foodservice and hygiene management statuses at welfare facilities catering to disabled persons by facility type to provide basic data for foodservice management guidelines. An online survey was distributed to workers at 1,984 welfare facilities for disabled persons in Korea, and 531 facilities responded, which represented a response rate of 26.8%. The survey requested general information about the facilities, facility users, meals, hygiene, and management. Statistical analyses were performed, and frequency analysis and the chi-square test were used to investigate responses by facility type. The survey results revealed that daycare centers were most common and accounted for 27.4% of responses. Residential facilities for the severely disabled and sheltered workshops accounted for 16.9% and 16.4%, respectively, and residential facilities by disability type accounted for 13.0%. The presence of dietitians at welfare facilities varied by facility type. Welfare centers for the disabled (94.7%) had the highest percentage of dietitians, followed by residential facilities for the severely disabled (87.8%). On the other hand, sheltered workshops and daycare centers for disabled persons had the lowest percentages of dietitians (10.3% and 4.1%, respectively). This study highlights the variations that exist in foodservice management across different welfare facilities for disabled persons and emphasizes the challenges faced by those responsible for managing foodservices and maintaining hygiene, particularly in large facilities with no dietitians. Therefore, we recommend tailored meal management guidelines be developed for each type of welfare facility for disabled persons.
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The potent antioxidant and anti-hypertension activities have evidenced gastric enzymatic hydrolysates from flounder fish and their derived peptides. However, peptide composition and functional effect in various enzymatic hydrolysates differ by enzyme types, hydrolyzed times temperatures, etc. Therefore, we determined potential anti-hypertensive effect of hydrolysates produced from flounder fish using commercial enzymes such as Protamex, Flavourzyme, and Kojizyme which are common food grade proteases and characterized on its derived peptides. In this study, Protamex-mediated hydrolysate showed a more potent anti-hypertension effect than other commercial enzymes. Protamex-mediated hydrolysate was fractionated into three ranges of molecular weight (above 10 kDa (FPH-I), 5-10 kDa (FPH-II), and below 5 kDa (FPH-III)). The FPH-III exhibited the strongest anti-hypertensive effect, and it was revealed that three active peptides, valine-phenylalanine-serine-glycinetryptophan-alanine-alanine (VFSGWAA), leucine-histidine-phenylalanine (LHF) and tryptophan-proline-tryptophan (WPW) were contained. The activities were confirmed via angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibition and molecular docking simulation. Among the three peptides, LHF and WPW have a molecular structure stability against the gastrointestinal digestion. LHF showed a significant anti-hypertension effect at 9 h after oral administration in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs). Therefore, we suggest that Protamex-mediated hydrolysate would be an excellent anti-hypertensive agent due to the existence of stabilized functional peptides, including LHF and WPW.
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Background@#Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF, Viread® ) had been used as a standard treatment option of chronic hepatitis B (CHB). This clinical trial was conducted to evaluate the efficacy and safety of DA-2802 (tenofovir disoproxil orotate) compared to TDF. @*Methods@#The present study was a double blind randomized controlled trial. Patients with CHB were recruited from 25 hospitals in Korea and given DA-2802 at a dose of 319 mg once daily or Viread® at a dose of 300 mg once daily for 48 weeks from March 2017 to January 2019. Change in hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA level at week 48 after dosing compared to baseline was the primary efficacy endpoint. Secondary efficacy endpoints were proportions of subjects with undetectable HBV DNA, those with normal alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels, and those with loss of hepatitis B envelop antigen (HBeAg), those with loss of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg). Adverse events (AEs) were also investigated. @*Results@#A total of 122 patients (DA-2802 group: n = 61, Viread® group: n = 61) were used as full analysis set for efficacy analysis. Mean age, proportion of males, laboratory results and virologic characteristics were not different between the two groups. The change in HBV DNA level at week 48 from baseline was −5.13 ± 1.40 in the DA-2802 group and −4.97 ± 1.40 log 10 copies/mL in the Viread® group. The analysis of primary endpoint using the nonparametric analysis of covariance showed statistically significant results (P < 0.001), which confirmed non-inferiority of DA-2802 to Viread® by a prespecified noninferiority margin of 1. The proportion of undetectable HBV DNA was 78.7% in the DA-2802 group and 75.4% in the Viread® group (P = 0.698). The proportion of subjects who had normal ALT levels was 75.4% in the DA-2802 group and 73.3% in the Viread® group (P = 0.795). The proportion of those with HBeAg loss was 8.1% in the DA-2802 group and 10.8% in the Viread® group (P = 1.000). No subject showed HBsAg loss. The frequency of AEs during treatment was similar between the two groups. Most AEs were mild to moderate in severity. @*Conclusion@#DA-2802 is considered an effective and safe treatment for patients with CHB.
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Mutations in the manganese transporter gene SLC39A14 lead to inherited disorders of manganese metabolism. Chelation therapy with edetate calcium disodium (CaNa2EDTA) is known to effectively reduce manganese deposition. We describe the first identified Korean case of SLC39A14-associated manganism and the treatment response to a 5-year chelation therapy. An 18-year-old female presented with childhood-onset dystonia. Magnetic resonance imaging showed T1 hyperintensity throughout the basal ganglia, brainstem, cerebellum, cerebral and cerebellar white matter, and pituitary gland. Blood manganese levels were elevated, and whole-exome sequencing revealed compound heterozygous mutations in SLC39A14. Treatment with intravenous CaNa2EDTA led to a significant reduction in serum manganese levels and T1 hyperintensities. However, her dystonia improved insignificantly. Hence, early diagnosis of this genetic disorder is essential because it is potentially treatable. Even though our treatment did not significantly reverse the establish deficits, chelation therapy could have been more effective if it was started at an earlier stage of the disease.
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The phosphorylated 43-kDa transactive response DNA-binding protein (TDP-43) was identified as a major disease protein in sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal lobar degeneration. We present a case with progressive muscle weakness who was diagnosed with sporadic ALS. On postmortem examination, TDP-43 immunoreactive neuronal cytoplasmic inclusions were noted in motor cortex, hippocampus and anterior horns of spinal cord, which was compatible with ALS-TDP, stage 4. This is the first documented autopsy-confirmed ALS case with ALS-TDP pathology in Korea.
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Background and Objectives@#This study aimed to investigate the association between cardiovascular events and 2 different levels of elevated on-treatment diastolic blood pressures (DBP) in the presence of achieved systolic blood pressure targets (SBP). @*Methods@#A nation-wide population-based cohort study comprised 237,592 patients with hypertension treated. The primary endpoint was a composite of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, and stroke. Elevated DBP was defined according to the Seventh Report of Joint National Committee (JNC7; SBP <140 mmHg, DBP ≥90 mmHg) or to the 2017 American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association (ACC/AHA) definitions (SBP <130 mmHg, DBP ≥80 mmHg). @*Results@#During a median follow-up of 9 years, elevated on-treatment DBP by the JNC7 definition was associated with an increased risk of the occurrence of primary endpoint compared with achieved both SBP and DBP (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 1.14; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.05–1.24) but not in those by the 2017 ACC/AHA definition. Elevated ontreatment DBP by the JNC7 definition was associated with a higher risk of cardiovascular mortality (aHR, 1.42; 95% CI, 1.18–1.70) and stroke (aHR, 1.19; 95% CI, 1.08–1.30). Elevated on-treatment DBP by the 2017 ACC/AHA definition was only associated with stroke (aHR, 1.10;95% CI, 1.04–1.16). Similar results were seen in the propensity-score-matched cohort. @*Conclusion@#Elevated on-treatment DBP by the JNC7 definition was associated a high risk of major cardiovascular events, while elevated DBP by the 2017 ACC/AHA definition was only associated with a higher risk of stroke. The result of study can provide evidence of DBP targets in subjects who achieved SBP targets.
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Purpose@#This study aimed to evaluate the accuracy and clinical usability of an identification model using deep learning for 79 dental implant types. @*Materials and Methods@#A total of 45396 implant fixture images were collected through panoramic radiographs of patients who received implant treatment from 2001 to 2020 at 30 dental clinics. The collected implant images were 79 types from 18 manufacturers. EfficientNet and Meta Pseudo Labels algorithms were used. For EfficientNet, EfficientNet-B0 and EfficientNet-B4 were used as submodels. For Meta Pseudo Labels, two models were applied according to the widen factor. Top 1 accuracy was measured for EfficientNet and top 1 and top 5 accuracy for Meta Pseudo Labels were measured. @*Results@#EfficientNet-B0 and EfficientNet-B4 showed top 1 accuracy of 89.4. Meta Pseudo Labels 1 showed top 1 accuracy of 87.96, and Meta pseudo labels 2 with increased widen factor showed 88.35. In Top5 Accuracy, the score of Meta Pseudo Labels 1 was 97.90, which was 0.11% higher than 97.79 of Meta Pseudo Labels 2. @*Conclusion@#All four deep learning algorithms used for implant identification in this study showed close to 90% accuracy. In order to increase the clinical applicability of deep learning for implant identification, it will be necessary to collect a wider amount of data and develop a fine-tuned algorithm for implant identification.
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Background@#Contact immunotherapy with diphenylcyclopropenone is one of the first-line treatments for extensive alopecia areata, despite its adverse effects (AEs). @*Objective@#This study aimed to investigate whether a modified contact immunotherapy treatment protocol can safely promote hair regrowth in children. @*Methods@#Children with alopecia areata who were treated with modified contact immunotherapy with diphenylcyclopropenone were retrospectively reviewed. All patients were sensitized with 0.1% diphenylcyclopropenone and began treatment at subsequent increasing concentrations. The efficacy, AEs, and demographic factors were evaluated. @*Results@#A total of 32 patients, aged 9 to 17 years (mean age, 14.6 years), were included in the study. The mean disease duration was 26.8 months. Ten (31.3%) and 11 patients (34.4%) showed complete and partial responses, respectively. No AEs were observed after the sensitization. During treatment, 13 patients (40.6%) did not experience any AEs. Sixteen patients (50.0%) showed mild to moderate pruritus, and only three patients (9.4%) had severe pruritus. However, all AEs were well controlled. @*Conclusion@#A modified diphenylcyclopropenone treatment protocol with subclinical sensitization could induce a favorable therapeutic response and fewer AEs in children.
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Background@#Increasing numbers of individuals are getting tattoos in recent times; however, the possible adverse effects of tattoos performed by non-medical practitioners are often overlooked. Limited information is available regarding the actual numbers of individuals getting tattoos and the perception regarding tattoos in the general population. @*Objective@#We investigated the prevalence of tattoos and public perception of tattoos. @*Methods@#Between August and September 2019, we performed a questionnaire survey that included 1,000 individuals aged ≥20 years. @*Results@#Among the 1,000 participants in this survey, 370 (37%) had received a tattoo; the number of participants with cosmetic tattoos (68.4%) was nearly 2-fold higher than the number of participants with body tattoos (31.6%). The most common motivation for getting a tattoo was “for beauty” (44.9%), followed by “convenience of make-up” (34.1%), and “recommendation from friends or others” (14.6%). In the tattoo-related satisfaction category, information regarding injected dye-induced adverse effects, facility hygiene, and pre-allergy testing were commonly rated as unsatisfactory by respondents. Only 322 (32.2%) participants were aware that semi-permanent tattoos could not be erased. Furthermore, 780 (78.0%) participants had a negative impression regarding body tattoos, and 844 (84.4%) participants preferred to get tattoos at specialized medical institutions based on the national regulations to minimize possible tattoo-induced adverse effects. @*Conclusion@#This study confirmed that a relatively large number of individuals had received tattoos but had a negative impression regarding this procedure. Educational and institutional management for public safety are necessary owing to a lack of awareness regarding tattoos and tattoo-related safety.
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Purpose@#Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) is a prognostic marker for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We investigated the prognostic value of AFP levels in patients who achieved complete response (CR) to transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) for HCC. @*Materials and Methods@#Between 2005 and 2018, 890 patients with HCC who achieved a CR to TACE were recruited. An AFP responder was defined as a patient who showed elevated levels of AFP (>10 ng/mL) during TACE, but showed normalization or a >50% reduction in AFP levels after achieving a CR. @*Results@#Among the recruited patients, 569 (63.9%) with naïve HCC and 321 (36.1%) with recurrent HCC after complete resection were treated. Before TACE, 305 (34.3%) patients had multiple tumors, 219 (24.6%) had a maximal tumor size >3 cm, and 22 (2.5%) had portal vein tumor thrombosis. The median AFP level after achieving a CR was 6.36 ng/mL. After a CR, 473 (53.1%) patients experienced recurrence, and 417 (46.9%) died [median progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) of 16.3 and 62.8 months, respectively]. High AFP levels at CR (>20 ng/mL) were independently associated with a shorter PFS [hazard ratio (HR)=1.403] and OS (HR=1.284), together with tumor multiplicity at TACE (HR=1.518 and 1.666, respectively). AFP non-responders at CR (76.2%, n=359 of 471) showed a shorter PFS (median 10.5 months vs. 15.5 months, HR=1.375) and OS (median 41.4 months vs. 61.8 months, HR=1.424) than AFP responders (all p=0.001). @*Conclusion@#High AFP levels and AFP non-responders were independently associated with poor outcomes after TACE. AFP holds clinical implications for detailed risk stratification upon achieving a CR after TACE.
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Background@#Recently, a metabolic syndrome severity score (MS score) using a dataset of the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys has been developed. We aimed to determine whether the newly developed score is a significant predictor of cardiovascular (CV) events among the Korean population. @*Methods@#From the Korean National Health Insurance System, 2,541,364 (aged 40 to 59 years) subjects with no history of CV events (ischemic stroke or myocardial infarction [MI]), who underwent health examinations from 2009 to 2011 and were followed up until 2014 to 2017, were identified. Cox proportional hazard model was employed to investigate the association between MS score and CV events. Model performance of MS score for predicting CV events was compared to that of conventional metabolic syndrome diagnostic criteria (Adult Treatment Program III [ATP-III]) using the Akaike information criterion and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve. @*Results@#Over a median follow-up of 6 years, 15,762 cases of CV events were reported. MS score at baseline showed a linear association with incident CV events. In the multivariable-adjusted model, the hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) comparing the highest versus lowest quartiles of MS score were 1.48 (1.36 to 1.60) for MI and 1.89 (1.74 to 2.05) for stroke. Model fitness and performance of the MS score in predicting CV events were superior to those of ATP-III. @*Conclusion@#The newly developed age- and sex-specific continuous MS score for the Korean population is an independent predictor of ischemic stroke and MI in Korean middle-aged adults even after adjusting for confounding factors.
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For the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), predictive modeling, in the literature, uses broadly susceptible exposed infected recoverd (SEIR)/SIR, agent-based, curve-fitting models. Governments and legislative bodies rely on insights from prediction models to suggest new policies and to assess the effectiveness of enforced policies. Therefore, access to accurate outbreak prediction models is essential to obtain insights into the likely spread and consequences of infectious diseases. The objective of this study is to predict the future COVID-19 situation of Korea. Here, we employed 5 models for this analysis; SEIR, local linear regression (LLR), negative binomial (NB) regression, segment Poisson, deep-learning based long short-term memory models (LSTM) and tree based gradient boosting machine (GBM). After prediction, model performance comparison was evelauated using relative mean squared errors (RMSE) for two sets of train (January 20, 2020‒December 31, 2020 and January 20, 2020‒January 31, 2021) and testing data (January 1, 2021‒February 28, 2021 and February 1, 2021‒February 28, 2021) . Except for segmented Poisson model, the other models predicted a decline in the daily confirmed cases in the country for the coming future. RMSE values’ comparison showed that LLR, GBM, SEIR, NB, and LSTM respectively, performed well in the forecasting of the pandemic situation of the country. A good understanding of the epidemic dynamics would greatly enhance the control and prevention of COVID-19 and other infectious diseases. Therefore, with increasing daily confirmed cases since this year, these results could help in the pandemic response by informing decisions about planning, resource allocation, and decision concerning social distancing policies.
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Background@#Fractional picosecond lasers is effective for the treatment of wrinkles or acne scars. @*Objective@#To investigate the safety and efficacy of treatment with a fractional 1,064-nm picosecond laser with a diffractive optic element for facial wrinkles and acne scars. @*Methods@#This prospective open-labeled trial comprised 22 subjects with facial wrinkles or acne scars. Subjects received three laser treatments with a fractional 1,064-nm picosecond laser at 3-week intervals. The efficacy and safety were evaluated at every visit and 2 months after the final treatment (14 weeks from the first treatment session). Global photographic assessments were performed by three blinded dermatologists and the subjects. Skin profilometry was performed using three-dimensional digital photographs; viscoelasticity was measured. @*Results@#The overall mean global improvement scores assessed by the dermatologists at weeks 3, 6, and 14, were 1.8±1.46, 2.5±1.88, and 3.5±1.84, respectively, and those assessed by the subjects were 2.7±2.08, 4.1±2.24, and 5.0±2.52, respectively. Skin profilometry showed significant improvements in the skin wrinkles, texture, depressions, and pores. The gross elasticity and skin firmness significantly improved by 10.96% and 9.04%, respectively. The major adverse reactions were erythema, pruritus, and petechiae, which disappeared within 2∼3 days. @*Conclusion@#The fractional 1,064-nm picosecond laser is an effective and safe therapeutic modality for skin rejuvenation.
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Background@#Fractional picosecond lasers is effective for the treatment of wrinkles or acne scars. @*Objective@#To investigate the safety and efficacy of treatment with a fractional 1,064-nm picosecond laser with a diffractive optic element for facial wrinkles and acne scars. @*Methods@#This prospective open-labeled trial comprised 22 subjects with facial wrinkles or acne scars. Subjects received three laser treatments with a fractional 1,064-nm picosecond laser at 3-week intervals. The efficacy and safety were evaluated at every visit and 2 months after the final treatment (14 weeks from the first treatment session). Global photographic assessments were performed by three blinded dermatologists and the subjects. Skin profilometry was performed using three-dimensional digital photographs; viscoelasticity was measured. @*Results@#The overall mean global improvement scores assessed by the dermatologists at weeks 3, 6, and 14, were 1.8±1.46, 2.5±1.88, and 3.5±1.84, respectively, and those assessed by the subjects were 2.7±2.08, 4.1±2.24, and 5.0±2.52, respectively. Skin profilometry showed significant improvements in the skin wrinkles, texture, depressions, and pores. The gross elasticity and skin firmness significantly improved by 10.96% and 9.04%, respectively. The major adverse reactions were erythema, pruritus, and petechiae, which disappeared within 2∼3 days. @*Conclusion@#The fractional 1,064-nm picosecond laser is an effective and safe therapeutic modality for skin rejuvenation.