Research progress of nutrition literacy assessment for children and adolescents / 中国学校卫生

Abstract@#Children and adolescents are at an important stage in the development of eating habits and food skills. Nutrition literacy is inseparable from healthy eating behaviors and higher nutritional quality, and improving nutrition literacy is an important pathway to better nutrition. The paper summarizes domestic and international research on nutrition literacy from the perspectives of definition and assessment tools in children and adolescents. It is found that there is no universal definition of nutritional literacy. Adult nutrition literacy or with appropriate adjustments are widely used in children and adolescents, without taking into account the unique developmental characteristics and nutritional needs of children and adolescents; the measurement tools of nutritional literacy are diverse, and there is no unified assessment tools, so it is difficult to compare and analyze research findings and draw reliable conclusions. In the future, authoritative definitions, and standardized evaluation tools are in great need.

Analysis of the prevalence of hyperuricemia among primary and secondary school students in Shandong Province / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To obtain the prevalence of hyperuricemia among primary and secondary school students in Shandong Province, and to provide data support for the prevention and treatment of hyperuricemia in children and adolescents.@*Methods@#The stratified cluster random sampling method was used to collect the data of 3 609 primary and secondary school students in urban and rural areas in Shandong Province, including the blood uric acid, waist circumference, height, and weight.@*Results@#The average blood uric acid value of primary and secondary school students was (316.17±82.57)μmol/L, and the total detection rate of hyperuricemia was 17.4%. The detection rate of blood uric acid was 18.9% and hyperuricemia[(338.26±90.30)μmol/L] of boys were higher than those of girls[(294.25±67.29)μmol/L,15.9%], and the difference were statistically significant( t/χ 2=16.60, 5.48, P < 0.05). The detection rate of blood uric acid (21.6%) and hyperuricemia [(353.24±78.98)μmol/L] in urban areas was higher than that in rural areas, and higher in coastal areas[(376.80±85.46)μmol/L, 26.6%] than inland; the differences were statistically significant ( t =14.54, 15.27, χ 2=48.15, 132.53, P <0.01). The differences in the blood uric acid value and the detection rate of hyperuricemia between different ages were statistically significant ( t/χ 2=11.79, 18.11, P <0.01). The detection rate of blood uric acid increased with the increase of obesity, waist circumference,blood pressure,blood lipids and blood sugar,and the difference were statistically significant ( χ 2=999.95, 561.08 , 447.57, 196.37, 115.08, P <0.01).@*Conclusion@#The detection rate of hyperuricemia among primary and secondary school students in Shandong Province is relatively high. The hyperuricemia is related to gender, age, BMI, waist circumference, blood pressure,blood lipids and blood sugar. Highrisk groups should have regular physical examinations to actively improve their unhealthy lifestyles and reduce the incidence of hyperuricemia.

Effects of chitooligosaccharide-zinc on the ovarian function of mice with premature ovarian failure via the SESN2/NRF2 signaling pathway / 中国天然药物

Chitooligosaccharide-zinc (COS·Zn) is a powerful anti-oxidant and anti-aging scavenger, whose anti-oxidative ability immensely exceeds vitamin C. Therefore, this study was aimed to investigate the protective effects of COS·Zn against premature ovarian failure (POF) and potential mechanisms. Female KM adult mice were divided into the following groups: a treatment group (150 mg·kg

Abnormal Circadian Clock Ｐromotes AOM / DSS-induced Colon Carcinogenesis in Mice by Remodeling Tumor Metabolism / 中国生物化学与分子生物学报

Abnormal circadian clock has been identified as an independent risk factor for tumorigenesis, and is closely related to the occurrence and development of tumor. As metabolic disorder is also one of the important characteristics of tumorigenesis, therefore it is particularly important to investigate the regulatory relationship between biological clock and tumor metabolism. In this study, the effect of abnormal circadian clock on colon cancer growth was evaluated by azoxymethane (AOM) / dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) -induced colitis-associated carcinogenesis (CAC) mice model. The result showed that abnormal circadian clock aggravated anal swelling, redness, bloody and anorectal prolapse in CAC mice, and significantly increased the number and volume of CAC polyps (P <0. 05 or P <0. 01), and reduced the intestinal length, body weight, survival rate of CAC mice and the expression levels of inflammatory factors IL-1β (interleukin-1 beta) and TNFα (tumor necrosis factor α) (P < 0. 05 or P < 0. 01), indicating that abnormal biological clock promotes the occurrence and development of CAC. Further, non-target metabonomics analysis of serum samples from mice was performed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) . The result showed that compared with CAC mice with normal circadian rhythm, 27 differential metabolites were identified in CAC mice with disrupted circadian clock, and 9 metabolic pathways were enriched by KEGG (kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes) database. These results suggest that abnormal circadian clock can significantly change the relative abundance of some metabolites in serum samples from CAC mice, remodel tumor metabolism, and result in the development of CAC in mice. This study reveals the pivotal role of tumor metabolism in the abnormal circadian clock promoting the growth of CAC in mice, providing a new experimental basis for the interaction between circadian clock and metabolic homeostasis in the occurrence and development of colon cancer.

Clinical observation on post-stroke oculomotor nerve palsy treated with the interaction of twelve meridian muscle regions and contralateral needling therapy / 中国针灸

OBJECTIVE@#To observe the clinical effect on post-stroke oculomotor nerve palsy treated with the interaction of twelve meridian muscle regions and contralateral needling therapy.@*METHODS@#A total of 46 patients with post-stroke oculomotor nerve palsy were randomized into an observation group and a control group, 23 cases in each one. In the control group, the intramusclar injection of mecobalamine at the buttock region was given, 1 mL each time, once every two days, 3 times weekly. Besides, citicoline sodium capsules were prescribed for oral administration, 0.2 g each time, 3 times daily. In the observation group, on the base of the treatment as the control group, the interaction of twelve meridian muscle regions and contralateral needling therapy was supplemented. Acupoints on the health sides included Juliao (ST 3) and Hanyan (GB 4), acupoints on the affected side included Jingming (BL 1), Sibai (ST 2), Yangbai (GB 14), Cuanzhu (BL 2), Shangming (Extra), Sizhukong (TE 23), Tongziliao (GB 1) and bilateral Fengchi (GB 20), Quchi (LI 11), Pianli (LI 6), Waiguan (TE 5), Hegu (LI 4) were selected. The needles were retained for 30 min in each acupuncture treatment, once a day, 5 times weekly. The treatment for 4 weeks was required in the two groups. Before and after treatment, the score of cervical range of motion (CROM), pupil size, eye fissure width and eyeball mobility were observed in the patients of the two groups. The clinical effect was evaluated in the two groups.@*RESULTS@#After treatment, CROM scores and pupil size were reduced in the patients of the two groups (<0.05), and the values in the observation group were lower than the control group (<0.05). The eye fissure width and eyeball mobility were increased in the two groups (<0.05), the eye fissure width and the mobility of the muscles of rectus internus, inferior rectus and inferior oblique in the observation group were larger than the control group (<0.05). The effective rate was 82.6% (19/23) in the observation group, higher than 65.2% (15/23) in the control group (<0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#The interaction of twelve meridian muscle regions and contrallateral needling therapy effectively relieves diplopia, pupil dilation, narrow eye fissure and limited eyeball mobility in the patients with post-stroke oculomotor nerve palsy.

The efficacy analysis of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in 48 leukemia patients with central nervous system leukemia / 中华血液学杂志

Objective: To investigate the efficacy of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) in the treatment of leukemia patients also suffering from central nervous system leukemia (CNSL) . Methods: A total of 48 leukemia patients with central nervous system leukemia admitted to our hospital from May 2012 to December 2017 were retrospectively analyzed. Results: ① Including 22 cases of acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) , 21 cases of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) , and 5 cases of chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) . Before transplantation, 19 patients achieved complete remission (CR) , and the rest 29 ones without remission. ②The conditioning regimen used TBI as the main protocol, and 6 patients were combined with whole brain and total spinal cord radiotherapy, 2 with Cyber knife treatment, and children with modified IDA combined with BUCY. ③All 48 patients were successfully transplanted, the median time for leukocyte engraftment was 14 (10-23) days, the median time for platelet transplant 16 (6-78) days. ④Bone marrow was evaluated 28 days after transplantation, all 48 patients reached CR, and DNA testing confirmed that they were all full donor chimerism. ⑤The median follow-up was 14 (2-69) months. Of them, 28 cases survived, 10 relapsed and the rest 3 had recurrence of CNSL after transplantation. One year after allo-HSCT, the overall survival (OS) of CR and non-CR groups were (77.3±10.0) % and (57.6±9.3) % (P=0.409) , respectively, the disease-free survival rates (DFS) were (71.2±11.0) % and (53.9±9.5) % (P=0.386) , respectively. The 1-year OS rates of ALL and AML groups after transplantation were (54.2±10.7) %, (80.1±8.9) %, respectively (P=0.200) , and DFS rates were (49.2±10.8) %, (75.0±9.7) % (P=0.190) , respectively. Conclusion: Allo-HSCT was safe and effective for leukemia patients with CNSL.

Astragaloside IV alleviates myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats through regulating PI3K/AKT/GSK-3β signaling pathways

Abstract Purpose: To investigate the effect of astragaloside IV (As-IV) on myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury in rats and reltaed mechanisms. Methods: Sixty rats were randomly divided into sham-operated, control I/R and 2.5, 5 and 10 mg/kg As-IV groups, 12 rats in each group. The later three groups were intragastrically administered with As-IV for 7 days, with a dose of 2.5, 5 and 10 mg/kg, respectively. The myocardial I/R injury model was constructed in later four groups. At the end of reperfusion, the cardiac function indexes, serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and creatine kinase (CK) levels, heart weight (HW)/body weight (BW) ratio and infarct size, and expressions of phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase/serine-threonine protein kinase (PI3K/AKT) and glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) proteins and the phosphorylated forms (p-AKT, p-GSK-3β) were determined. Results: Compared with control I/R group, in 5 and 10 mg/kg As-IV groups the left ventricular systolic pressure, fractional shortening and ejection fraction were increased, the left ventricular end-diastolic pressure was decreased, the serum LDH and CK levels were decreased, the HW/BW ratio and myocardial infarct size were decreased, and the p-Akt/Akt ratio and p-GSK-3β/GSK-3β ratio were increased (all P < 0.05). Conclusion: As-IV can alleviate the myocardial I/R injury in rats through regulating PI3K/AKT/GSK-3β signaling pathways.

Small RNA sequencing reveals microRNAs related to neuropathic pain in rats

The present study aimed to identify microRNAs (miRNAs) that are involved in neuropathic pain and predict their corresponding roles in the pathogenesis and development process of neuropathic pain. The rat model of neuropathic pain caused by spared nerve injury (SNI) was established in Sprague-Dawley male rats, followed by small RNA sequencing of the L3-L6 dorsal root ganglion. Real-time PCR was performed to validate the differently expressed miRNAs. Functional verification was performed by intrathecally injecting the animals with miRNA agomir. A total of 72 differentially expressed miRNAs were identified in the SNI rats, including 33 upregulated and 39 downregulated miRNAs. The results of qPCR further verified the expression levels of rno-miR-6215 (P=0.015), rno-miR-1224 (P=0.030), rno-miR-1249 (P=0.038), and rno-miR-488-3p (P=0.048), which were all significantly downregulated in the SNI rats compared to the control ones. The majority of differentially expressed miRNAs were associated with phosphorylation, intracellular signal transduction, and cell death. Target prediction, Gene Ontology, and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analyses suggested that these differentially expressed miRNAs targeted genes that are related to axon guidance, focal adhesion, and Ras and Wnt signaling pathways. Moreover, miR-1224 agomir significantly alleviated SNI-induced neuropathic pain. The current findings provide new insights into the role of miRNAs in the pathogenesis of neuropathic pain.

Correlations of serum CEA and CA19-9 levels with clinical staging of colorectal cancer / 预防医学

Objective To evaluate the value of serum CEA and CA19-9 concentration for clinical staging of colorectal cancer. Methods A total of 350 patients who underwent the surgical treatments for colorectal cancer between February 2015 to January 2017 were enrolled. The serum CEA and CA19-9 were detected by chemoluminescence method. Results The positive rate of CEA of patients in stageⅠto Ⅳ was 25.00%, 36.69%, 50.78% and 66.67%, respectively. The positive rate of CA19-9 of patients in stageⅠto Ⅳwas 2.94%, 10.07%, 17.97% and 53.33%, respectively. The positive rates of CEA and CA19-9 were gradually increased with the stage developing (P<0.05). Results from multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the positive levels of CEA and CA19-9 were risk factors in the TNM staging of colorectal cancer. The ORs and 95%CI were 1.790 (1.163-2.755)and 3.476(1.790-6.749), respectively. Conclusion The positive serum concentrations of CEA and CA19-9 showed significant associations with TNM staging. Preoperative serum concentrations of CEA and CA 19-9 could be auxiliary diagnostic indicators to assess the condition of colorectal cancer.

Four Cases of Wernicke's Encephalopathy Following Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation / 中国实验血液学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To make through introduction of Wernicke's encephalopathy (WE) following hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) in terms of clinical characteristics, diagnostic process and treatment.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The clinical charactaristics, diagnostic and therapeutic process and prognostic follow-up in 4 patients diagnosed of WE following HSCT between January 2016 to January 2017 at Department of Hematology, Chinese Aerospace Center Hospital were retrospectively analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Four patients included 2 ALL and 2 AML, and 3 males and 1 female, their age ranged from 8 to 20 years old. 4 patients accouted for about 3% of all petients who received HSCT at that time. Typical triad syndrome consisting of ocular motility disorders, ataxia, global confusion was seen in only 1 patient. However, confusion and heterophthongia as onset of this complication were seen in all patients. Cerebral computed tomograph scan was universally unremarkable and useless. Cerebral MRI scan disclosed that typical involvement including thalamus, fourth ventricle, third ventricle, middle cerebral aqueduct was seen in 3, while untypical site including mamillary body was in the remaining 1 patient. All received vitamin B supplement therapy by intramuscular injection at a dose of 100 mg each day. Initial response was observed at 2, unknown, 3, 4 days after treatment and all obtained complete remission within 2 weeks without any event of relapse after median follow-up period of 8 (7-12) months.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Any recipient of HSCT with clinical signs or symptoms of central nervous system should receive vitamin B supplementary therapy immediately to decrease risk of mortality of WE even if the diagnosis of WE is uncertain.</p>

Clinical Analysis of Treating EBV Infection Accompanied with GVHD after Allon-HSCT by EBV-Specific Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes / 中国实验血液学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the efficiency and safety of treating Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection of acute graft versus host disease (GVHD) after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) by EBV specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (EBV-CTL).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The Clinical characteristics, therapeutic efficacy and safety of 12 patients with EBV infection treated by EBV-CTL infusion after allo-HSCT in Department of Hemahlogy of Aero Space Center Hospital between Jan 2015 and May 2017 were analyzed retrospectioely.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Our of 12 cases received EBV-CTL infusion after transplantation, 9 did not received Rituximab therapy due to the active infection, 4 cases including 3 received Ritaximab progressed into posttransplantation lymphoroliferetive disease (PTLD). The median time of EBV infection was 47 (22-71) days, median time of antivirus therapy before tramplantation was 10 (8-33) days, median time of first CTL infusion was 59(34-86) days after transplatation. The 43 cases-time CTL infusion was performed smoothly, no related harmful evnts occoured, no progression of GVHD was observed. After the first course of infusion, complete remission (CR), Partial remssion (PR) and no remssion (NR) were obtained in 9, 1 and 2 patients respectively, the relapse was observed in 4 patients who then received the socond course of infusion and all reached CR, the patient in PR did not reathed CR finally and died of GVGD at 5 months after transpplantation . Only 1 out of 2 cases of NR obtained CR, another 1 still was in NR, and died of transplantation related infection at 5 months after transplantation. 4 cases of PTLD were all cared.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Preliminary results of this study suggest that EBV-CTL infusion is safe for the EBV infection combined with acute GVHD after all-HSCT. However, a further larger scale clinical studies are needed to prove the efficiency.</p>

Clinical application of an interaction retention method for multi-implant-supported fixed bridges in posterior teeth / 口腔疾病防治

Objective @#To research the feasibility and preliminary clinical effect of an implant-supported fixed bridge based on interactions with the posterior interocclusal space deficiency. @*Methods@#Four patients with multiple implant-supported fixed-bridge restorations for interocclusal space deficiency in posterior teeth were included in this study. The 8 total implant sites had an average interocclusal space size of 3.3 mm. Two abutments with an undercut area were performed, the fixed bridge was placed by rotating it without a common path of insertion, and the abutment screw was then tightened. In the production process, the interaction retention concept and methods were fully communicated to the technician. The abutments and bridges on the implants were placed, and the clinical effect was observed. @*Results@#The prosthesis was fixed well and presented appropriate functioning. At the 3-month and 18-month follow-up examination, the prosthesis and abutments were not loose, and the abutments did not release or break. No swelling or tenderness was observed in the margin of the implants.@*Conclusion @#The interaction retention is a good method of resolving the problem of interocclusal space deficiencies in the posterior teeth.

Clinical application of custom all-ceramic crown based on CT data in maxillary anterior implant tooth / 口腔疾病防治

Objective @#To evaluate the clinical outcomes of custom all-ceramic crown fabricated in zirconia based on CT data in maxillary anterior implant tooth. @*Methods@#15 patients with single anterior tooth missing were applied to this treatment. Crown remodeling according to the opposite tooth, fabrication of the all-ceramic crown was finished based on the data capture via CT scan. The observation period extended 2-7 years on average.@*Results@#The survival and success rates were 100%. Soft tissue was stabile in follow up photos. All of the patients were satisfied with the restorations. @*Conclusion @#The custom all-ceramic crown based on CT data showed good interface friendship with both of the hard and soft tissues and the aesthetics result is predictable.

Adenocarcinoma in a Meckel's diverticulum with multiple liver metastases and gastrointestinal hemorrhage: a case report / 北京大学学报(医学版)

Meckel's diverticulum is the most common congenital anomaly of the gastrointestinal tract,affecting approximately 2％ of the population.It is a true diverticulum occurring on the anti-mesenteric border of the distalileum,typically within 100 cm of the ileo-caecal valve.Neoplasms arising in Meckel's diverticula are uncommon,and those reported in the literature are mainly carcinoid tumors,followed by gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) and benign leiomyomas.Adenocarcinomas are extremely rare.Tumors in Meckel's present non-specifically with gastrointestinal complaints,such as bleeding,obstruction,inflammation or perforation.The suspicion of a Meckel's tumor is often not thought of at the initial.In this article we describe a 57-year-old woman who presented with massive rectal bleeding and severe anemia,later found to be caused by a adenocarcinoma arising from Meckel's diverticulum.The tumor was unfortunately highly aggressive.Multiple liver metastases had already existed when we discovered the primary mass.Later we performed a partial resection of the ileumto cease the bleeding.Meckel's diverticulum and the tumor were resected simultaneously.The pathological diagnosis confirmed adenocarcinoma arising from the Meckel's diverticulum.The final stage was pT4NxM1,stage Ⅳ according to the Union for International Cancer Control (UICC) classification.After operation we gave the patient firstline,mFOLFOX6 chemotherapy,but it turned out to be not effective.Rapid progress of the liver metastases and suspicion of multiple lung metastasis in short time after therapy indicated a bad outcome.We believe this is the first case of adenocarcinoma in a Meckel's diverticulum to be reported in domestic literature.The diagnosis of Meckel's tumor should be considered as inpatients' acute gastrointestinal complaints;when found incidentally at laparotomy,it should be carefully examined for any gross abnormality and resection should be considered.

Clinical study of lung-supplementing and stasis-dissolving decoction [Bufei Huayu Tang] combined with gefitnib for treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer

To investigate the clinical efficacy and drug safety of Lung-Supplementing and Stasis-Dissolving Decoction [Bufei Huayu Tang] combined with gefitnib for treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer [NSCLC]. Then, 80 patients with advanced NSCLC hospitalized in Ruikang Hospital Affiliated to Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine were included, and were double-blindly randomized into 4 groups: control group [gefitinib alone 250mg, once daily], low-dose group [100mL/day], middle-dose group [150mL/day] and high-dose group [200mL/day] treated with different doses of Bufei Huayu Tang besides gefitinib. Clinical efficacy, life quality change before and after treatment, ECOG score, survival time and incidence of adverse drug reaction were compared. ECOG score in middle-dose group after treatment was significantly higher than other groups [P<0.05]. Total efficiency of 4 groups was respectively 15%, 20%, 55% and 25%, and total efficiency in middle-dose group was significantly higher than that in other groups [P<0.05]. According to TCM syndrome score, the improvement in middle-dose group was significantly better than that in other groups [P<0.05]. Incidence of adverse drug reaction in high-dose group was significantly higher than that in other 3 groups [P<0.05]. Self-designed Bufei Huayu Tang combined with gefitinib for NSCLC has a satisfactory clinical efficacy and high drug safety. Decoction dose needs more attention

Green Tea Polyphenols Alleviate Autophagy Inhibition Induced by High Glucose in Endothelial Cells / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

Bovine aortic endothelial cells (BAECs) were cultured with high glucose (33 mmol/L), 4 mg/L green tea polyphenols (GTPs) or 4 mg/L GTPs co-treatment with high glucose for 24 h in the presence or absence of Bafilomycin-A1 (BAF). We observed that high glucose increased the accumulation of LC3-II. Treatment with BAF did not further increase the accumulation of LC3-II. Results also showed an increased level of p62 and decreased Beclin-1. However, GTPs showed inversed trends of those proteins. Furthermore, GTPs co-treatment with high glucose decreased the level of LC3-II and a much higher accumulation of LC3-II was observed in the presence of BAF in comparison with high glucose alone. Results also showed a decreased p62 and increased Beclin-1. The results demonstrated that GTPs alleviated autophagy inhibition induced by high glucose, which may be involved in the endothelial protective effects of green tea against hyperglycemia.

Green Tea Polyphenols Attenuate High-Fat Diet-Induced Renal Oxidative Stress through SIRT3-Dependent Deacetylation / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

Fifty male Wistar rats were fed a standard chow diet or a high-fat (HF) diet, and different concentrations of green tea polyphenols (GTPs) (0.8, 1.6, and 3.2 g/L) were administered in the drinking water. We found that the malondialdehyde (MDA) level in the HF diet group was significantly higher than that in the control (CON) group (P<0.05). Decreased peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-α and sirtuin 3 (SIRT3) expression, and increased manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) acetylation levels were also detected in the HF diet group (P<0.05). GTP treatment upregulated SIRT3 and PPARα expression, increased the pparα mRNA level, reduced the MnSOD acetylation level, and decreased MDA production in rats fed a HF diet (P<0.05). No significant differences in total renal MnSOD and PPAR-γ coactivator-1α (PGC1-α) expression were detected. The reduced oxidative stress detected in kidney tissues after GTP treatment was partly due to the higher SIRT3 expression, which was likely mediated by PPARα.

Ketoconazole associated hepatotoxicity: a systematic review and meta- analysis / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the incidence of Ketoconazole associated hepatotoxicity and related factor.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Literature retrieval was conducted by using multi-databases for meta-analysis on Ketoconazole associated hepatotoxicity. The data were collected with a standardized form. Overall estimation of incidence of hepatotoxicity for specific study type was calculated by using a DerSimonian-Laird random-effects model owing to the substantial differences among the studies.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Totally 204 eligible studies were included in the analysis. The incidence of Ketoconazole associated hepatotoxicity was 3.6%-4.2%. The dosage and duration specific subgroup analyses did not show any significant difference among groups, while the age specific subgroup analysis showed the incidence in children and people aged >60 years was 1.4% (95% CI: 0.5%-4.2%) and 3.2% (95% CI: 1.1%-8.7%) respectively. Additionally, the incidence of the hepatotoxicity was higher in people who had oral administration of ketoconazole beyond the provisions of the usage instructions, and the incidence was 5.7% (95% CI: 4.5%-7.2%).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Ketoconazole associated hepatotoxicity was common. Off-label use might increase the risk of liver damage. Well-designed large sample studies are needed to identify the risk factors in future.</p>

Clinical observation of Xuebijing Injection on adjunctive therapy for stroke-associated pneumonia / 中草药

Objective: To observe the clinical therapeutic effect of Xuebijing Injection on stroke-associated pneumonia (SAP). Methods: A total of 42 patients with SAP were randomly divided into two groups. The patients in the two groups were all given regular treatment. Besides the regular treatment, the patients in the Xuebijing group received iv drip of 50 mL Xuebijing Injection twice a day. The course of the treatment was 7 d. Results: The total effective rate in Xuebijing group (90.5%) was significantly higher than that in the control group (66.7%) (P < 0.05). Compared with the control group, the body temperature, respiration, heart rate, white blood cell count, and C-reactive protein of Xuebijing group were obviously improved (P < 0.05). Compared with the control group,the time of defervescence and cough relief in Xuebijing group reduced obviously (P < 0.05). There were no obvious adverse reactions in all patients. Conclusion: Xuebijing Injection has the anti-inflammatory effect and it is a positive adjunctive therapy for the treatment of SAP without obvious adverse reactions.