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Background@#Cancer patients have an increased risk of cardiovascular outcomes and are susceptible to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection. We aimed to assess the cardiovascular safety of COVID-19 vaccination for cancer patients in South Korea. @*Methods@#We conducted a self-controlled case series study using the K-COV-N cohort (2018– 2021). Patients with cancer aged 12 years or older who experienced cardiovascular outcomes were identified. Cardiovascular outcomes were defined as myocardial infarction, stroke, venous thromboembolism (VTE), myocarditis, or pericarditis, and the risk period was 0–28 days after receiving each dose of COVID-19 vaccines. A conditional Poisson regression model was used to calculate the incidence rate ratio (IRR) with 95% confidence interval (CI). @*Results@#Among 318,105 patients with cancer, 4,754 patients with cardiovascular outcomes were included. The overall cardiovascular risk was not increased (adjusted IRR, 0.99 [95% CI, 0.90–1.08]) during the whole risk period. The adjusted IRRs of total cardiovascular outcomes during the whole risk period according to the vaccine type were 1.07 (95% CI, 0.95–1.21) in the mRNA vaccine subgroup, 0.99 (95% CI, 0.83–1.19) in the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine subgroup, and 0.86 (95% CI, 0.68–1.10) in the mix-matched vaccination subgroup. However, in the analysis of individual outcome, the adjusted IRR of myocarditis was increased to 11.71 (95% CI, 5.88–23.35) during the whole risk period. In contrast, no increased risk was observed for other outcomes, such as myocardial infarction, stroke, VTE, and pericarditis. @*Conclusion@#For cancer patients, COVID-19 vaccination demonstrated an overall safe profile in terms of cardiovascular outcomes. However, caution is required as an increased risk of myocarditis following COVID-19 vaccination was observed in this study.
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OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the craniofacial asymmetry in adults with neglected congenital muscular torticollis (CMT) by quantitative assessment based on craniofacial three-dimensional computed tomography (3D-CT). METHODS: Preoperative craniofacial asymmetry was measured by 3D-CT for 31 CMT subjects > or =18 years of age who visited a tertiary medical center and underwent 3D-CT between January 2009 and December 2013. The relationship between the age and the severity of craniofacial asymmetry was analyzed in reference to anteroposterior length asymmetry of the frontal bone and zygomatic arch, vertical and lateral displacements of the facial landmarks, and mandibular axis rotation. RESULTS: The age at CT was 27.71+/-7.02 years (range, 18-44 years). All intra-class correlation coefficients were higher than 0.7, suggesting good inter-rater reliability (p0.05). CONCLUSION: Craniofacial asymmetry of neglected CMT became more severe with age in terms of anteroposterior length asymmetry of the ipsilateral frontal bone and zygomatic arch on the axial plane even after growth cessation. This finding may enhance the understanding of therapeutic strategies for craniofacial asymmetry in adults with neglected CMT.