Analysis of HUANG Feng's Medication Rules for Low Back Pain Based on Data Mining / 广州中医药大学学报

Objective To analyze the medication rules of Professor HUANG Feng for the treatment of low back pain using data mining methods.Methods The information of prescriptions for the effective cases of outpatients with low back pain treated by Professor HUANG Feng were collected and screened.Microsoft Excel 2019 was used to analyze the frequency of medication and the distribution of properties,flavors and meridian tropism of the drugs in the included prescription.IBM SPSS Modeler 18.0 was used for association rule analysis,and IBM Statistics 26.0 was used for cluster analysis.Results A total of 239 prescriptions and 75 Chinese medicines were included.There were 23 high-frequency Chinese medicines with the medication frequency being or over 20 times,and the top 10 Chinese medicines were Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma,vinegar-processed Corydalis Rhizoma,Cibotii Rhizoma,Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma,Zanthoxyli Radix,salt-processed Achyranthis Bidentatae Radix,Rehmanniae Radix,Dipsaci Radix,Coicis Semen,and Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma.The medicines were mainly warm in nature,and were sweet,bitter and pungent in flavor.Most of the drugs had the meridian tropism of liver,stomach and spleen meridians.Among the drug combinations obtained from association rule analysis with the top 20 highest support,vinegar-processed Corydalis Rhizoma,Cibotii Rhizoma,Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma and Zanthoxyli Radix were the core drugs.Cluster analysis yielded 6 clustering combinations.Conclusion For the treatment of low back pain,Professor HUANG Feng follows the principle of"treatment adapting to the climate,individuality,and environment"and"treating the root cause of the disease",usually adopts the drugs for activating blood,moving qi and relieving pain,nourishing the liver and kidney,and also uses the medicines for replenishing qi and strengthening the spleen.The ideas of HUANG Feng for the treatment of low back pain can be used as a reference for the clinical treatment.

Application of single cell RNA sequencing and spatial transcriptome techniques in common vascular surgery diseases / 中华胸心血管外科杂志

Vascular surgical diseases refer to systemic vascular diseases in addition to cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. With the development of society and the intensification of population aging, the incidence is increasing year by year. Abdominal aortic aneurysm, aortic dissection, arteriosclerotic occlusive disease, thrombosis and vascular malformation are the most common types of vascular surgical diseases, and it is still unclear of the molecular mechanism of their occurrence and development. Single-cell RNA sequencing(scRNA-seq) combined with Spatial transcriptomics(ST) can identify new or rare cell types, study cell heterogeneity and analyze spatial location information at the single-cell level, which is helpful to explore the level of gene expression and three-dimensional reconstruction, opening up a new way to study the occurrence and development mechanism of common vascular surgical diseases, and has a transformative impact on biomedical research.

α-mangostin inhibits LPS/ATP-induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation in microglia via the NF- κB pathway / 安徽医科大学学报

Objective @#To investigate the effects and underlying mechanisms of α-mangostin in a spinal cord inj ury model of microglial cell inflammation .@*Methods @#Mouse microglial cell line BV-2 was cultured in vitro , and an in- flammation model was established by co-treatment with lipopolysaccharide and adenosine triphosphate (LPS/ATP) . The CCK-8 assay was used to test the influence of different concentrations (0 , 10 , 20 , 40 , 80 μmol/L) of α-man- gostin on cell proliferation vitality under LPS/ATP stimulation to select an appropriate concentration range of α- mangostin; BV-2 cells were divided into Ctrl group , LPS/ATP group , 40 μmol/L α-mangostin group , and inter- vention groups with different concentrations (10 , 20 , 40 μmol/L) of α-mangostin ( designated as LPS/ATP + 10 μmol/L α-mangostin group , LPS/ATP + 20 μmol/L α-mangostin group , and LPS/ATP + 40 μmol/L α-mangostin group , respectively) . ELISA experiments were conducted to detect the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines inter- leukin -6/1β/18 (IL-6 , IL-1β, IL-18) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) in the supernatants of each group , and Western blot was used to detect the expression of NLRP3 , ASC , cleaved caspase-1 , IL-1β, and the phosphoryla- tion levels of p65 (p-p65/p65) in the NF- κB pathway , as well as the expression of p65 in the nuclei of BV-2 cells .@*Results @#Compared with the Ctrl group, cell proliferation vitality in the LPS/ATP group was significantly reduced (P < 0. 05) , but low concentrations (10 , 20 , 40 μmol/L) of α-mangostin significantly improved the inhibi- tory effect of LPS/ATP on microglial cell proliferation vitality (P < 0. 05) , while a high concentration (80 μmol/ L) of α-mangostin exacerbated the damage to microglial cells caused by LPS/ATP (P < 0. 05) . C ompared with the Ctrl group , the levels of inflammatory factors IL-6 , IL-1β, IL-18 , TNF-α, and the expression of NLRP3 , ASC , cleaved caspase-1 , IL-1β, and the p-p65/p65 ratio in the 40 μmol/L α-mangostin group , as well as the expression of p65 protein in the nuclei , showed no significant changes ( P > 0 . 05) , whereas these significantly increased in the LPS/ATP group (P < 0. 05) . Compared with the LPS/ATP group , the levels of IL-6 , IL-1β, IL-18 , TNF-α, and the expression of NLRP3 , ASC , cleaved caspase-1 , IL-1β, and the p-p65/p65 ratio in the intervention groups , as well as the expression of p65 protein in the nuclei , decreased in a concentration-dependent manner with increasing α-mangostin concentration , with the most significant reduction ob served in the LPS/ATP + 40 μmol/L α- mangostin group (P < 0. 01) . @*Conclusion @#α-mangostin can inhibit the neuroinflammatory response mediated by NLRP3 inflammasome activation in BV-2 cells through the NF- κB pathway .

Mechanism of Astragali Radix-Curcumae Rhizoma in treating gastric cancer based on network pharmacology and experimental verification / 中国中药杂志

This study aims to investigate the mechanism of Astragali Radix-Curcumae Rhizoma(HQEZ) in the treatment of gastric cancer based on network pharmacology. Further, the SGC7901 cell model of gastric cancer was employed to validate the efficacy and key targets of the herb pair. Firstly, the CCK-8 assay was employed to evaluate the direct effect of HQEZ on the proliferation of gastric cancer SGC7901 cells. Then, network pharmacology methods were employed to investigate the active ingredients, key targets, and key signaling pathways involved in the treatment of gastric cancer with HQEZ. The results showed that HQEZ contained 18 potential active ingredients, such as quercetin, naringenin, and curcumin. The results of gene ontology(GO) functional annotation and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG) pathway enrichment suggested that the main targets of HQEZ in treating gastric cancer were involved in the regulation of protein serine/threonine kinase activity, activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK) activity, cysteine-type endopeptidase activity, and negative regulation of protein serine/threonine kinase activity. The hypoxia-inducible factor-1(HIF-1) signaling pathway, ATP-binding cassette(ABC) transporters, cytochrome P450-mediated metabolism of xenobiotics, p53 signaling pathway, and cell apoptosis were key signaling pathways of HQEZ in treating gastric cancer. The cell experiments demonstrated that HQEZ significantly downregulated the expression of ATP-binding cassette subfamily B member 1(ABCB1), epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR), phosphorylated serine/threonine kinase(p-AKT), hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha(HIF1A), B-cell lymphoma 2(BCL2), breast cancer susceptibility protein 1(BRCA1), DNA polymerase theta(POLH), ribonucleotide reductase M1(RRM1), and excision repair cross-complementation group 1(ERCC1), and upregulated the expression of tumor protein P53(TP53) and cysteinyl aspartate-specific proteinase(CAPS3). Finally, a multivariate COX regression model was adopted to study the relationship between gene expression and clinical information data of gastric cancer patients in the TCGA database, which demonstrated that the key targets of HQEZ were associated with the poor prognosis in gastric cancer patients. Further feature selection using the LASSO algorithm showed that EGFR, HIF1A, TP53, POLH, RRM1, and ERCC1 were closely associated with the survival of gastric can-cer patients. In conclusion, HQEZ regulates the expression of genes involved in DNA repair, survival, and apoptosis in gastric cancer cells via multiple targets and pathways, assisting the treatment of gastric cancer.

A study on the impact of 25-hydroxyvitamin D on dyslipidemia in elderly women with type 2 diabetes mellitus / 中华老年医学杂志

Objective:To evaluate the influence of 25-hydroxyvitamin D[25(OH)D]on dyslipidemia in elderly female patients with type 2 diabetes(T2DM)mellitus aged 60 or over.Methods:We retrospectively reviewed the clinical records of 175 type 2 diabetic older women meeting the inclusion criteria, admitted to the Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Chuiyangliu Hospital, between January and December 2020, with an average age of 66(63, 70)years.According to the diagnostic criteria of dyslipidemia(cholesterol ≥6.2 mmol/L, high density lipoprotein cholesterol <1.0 mmol/L, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol ≥4.1 mmol/L or triglycerides ≥2.3 mmol/L), 110 participants(62.9%)were divided into a dyslipidemia group and 65 participants(37.1%)were assigned into a normal blood lipid group.Logistic regression was employed to investigate factors influencing dyslipidemia.Spearman correlation analysis was employed to analyze the correlation between serum 25(OH)D and blood lipid indexes.Results:The median serum 25(OH)D level of the 175 subjects was 10.92(8.1, 15.2)μg/L.For the dyslipidemia group, it was 9.1(5.8, 12.9)μg/L, lower than 11.9(8.4, 22.6)μg/L in the normal blood lipid group.The proportion of people with hypertension in the dyslipidemia group was higher than in the normal blood lipid group.The dyslipidemia group also had higher BMI, waist circumference and homocysteine levels( P<0.05). Results of multivariate logistic regression analysis demonstrated that hypertension, waist circumference, and homocysteine were significant risk factors for dyslipidemia in elderly women with T2DM, whereas serum 25(OH)D was a protective factor( P<0.05). Correlation analysis results identified that cholesterol and low density lipoprotein cholesterol were inversely correlated to 25(OH)D while high density lipoprotein cholesterol was positively correlated to it( P<0.05). Conclusions:There is a serious deficiency of serum 25(OH)D in older women with T2DM.25(OH)D is protective factor in elderly T2DM women against dyslipidemia.Clinicians should pay attention to vitamin D deficiency in patients during diagnosis and treatment and correct the deficiency.

Development and application of cue-based feeding process in premature infants / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective:To establish a prompt based feeding process for premature infants and explore its application effects.Methods:This study was a quasi-experimental research method. Firstly, the best evidence of prompt feeding for premature infants was systematically searched and summarized, and the expert consultation method and clinical practice were used to finally formulate a prompt feeding process for premature infants. The process was applied to clinical practice. A total of 82 hospitalized premature infants in the neonatal intensive care unit of Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology from October 2021 to March 2022 were selected as the control group, and routine feeding management was implemented. A total of 86 hospitalized premature infants from April to September 2022 were selected as the observation group. Feeding management for premature infants based on the prompt feeding process was followed, and the feeding efficiency, transition time of full oral feeding, and days of gastric tube retention, hospital stay and the incidence of feeding related complications in the two groups were compared.Results:The effective recovery rates of the two rounds of expert correspondence questionnaires were 100%, and the authoritative coefficients of expert opinions were 0.863 and 0.875, respectively. The Kendall harmony coefficients of expert opinions were 0.156 and 0.202, respectively, and the significance tests were all P<0.05. The total oral feeding rate of the observation group was 59.84%(5 256/8 784), the mixed feeding rate was 12.26%(1 077/8 784), and the tube feeding rate was 27.90%(2 451/8 784). Compared with the control group′s 52.20%(4 698/9 000), 14.68%(1 321/9 000), and 33.12%(2 981/9 000), the difference was statistically significant ( χ2 = 105.21, P<0.05). The transition time of full oral feeding, number of days of gastric tube retention, and hospitalization time in the observation group were (5.14 ± 1.67), (6.13 ± 1.62), and (12.77 ± 1.37) days, respectively. Compared with the control group′s (6.22 ± 1.59), (7.17 ± 1.55), and (13.72 ± 1.72) days, the differences were statistically significant ( t = 4.206, 4.26, 3.97, all P<0.05). The incidence of milk choking, hypoxia, and vomiting in the observation group were 9.30%(8/86), 6.98%(6/86), and 11.63%(10/86), respectively, which were lower than the 23.17%(19/82), 19.51%(16/82), and 34.15%(28/82) of the control group. The difference between the two groups was statistically significant ( χ2 = 5.99, 5.80, 12.16, all P<0.05). Conclusion:The application of prompt feeding process in premature infants can shorten the transition time of full oral feeding, promote the feeding process, reduce the complications caused by poor feeding, and ensure the feeding safety of premature infants.

Short-term outcomes and long-term quality of life after undergoing radical proximal gastrectomy with esophageal gastric tube anastomosis and total gastrectomy with Roux-en-Y anastomosis for Siewert type II and III adenocarcinoma of the esophagogastric junction: A propensity score matching analysis / 中华胃肠外科杂志

Objective: To evaluate the effects on short-term clinical outcomes and long-term quality of life of laparoscopic-assisted radical proximal gastrectomy with esophageal gastric tube anastomosis versus total gastrectomy with Roux-en-Y anastomosis for adenocarcinoma of the esophagogastric junction. Methods: This was a propensity score matching, retrospective, cohort study. Clinicopathological data of 184 patients with adenocarcinoma of the esophagogastric junction admitted to two medical centers in China from January 2016 to January 2021 were collected (147 in the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University and 37 in the Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University). All patients had undergone laparoscopic-assisted radical gastrectomy. They were divided into two groups based on the extent of tumor resection and technique used for digestive tract reconstruction. A proximal gastrectomy with reconstruction by esophageal gastric tube anastomosis group comprised 82 patients and a total gastrectomy with reconstruction by Roux-en-Y anastomosis group comprised 102 patients. These groups differed significantly in the following baseline characteristics: age, preoperative hemoglobin, preoperative albumin, tumor length, tumor differentiation, and tumor TNM stage (all P<0.05). To eliminate potential bias caused by unequal distribution between the two groups, 1∶1 matching was performed by the nearest neighbor matching method. The 13 matched variables comprised sex, age, height, body mass, body mass index, preoperative glucose, preoperative hemoglobin, preoperative total protein, preoperative albumin, neoadjuvant radiotherapy, tumor length, degree of differentiation, and pathological TNM stage. Postoperative complications, postoperative nutritional status, incidence of reflux esophagitis 1 year after surgery, and quality of life were compared between the two groups. Results: After propensity score matching, 60 patients each were enrolled in the proximal gastrectomy with esophageal gastric tube anastomosis and total gastrectomy with Roux-en-Y anastomosis groups. The baseline characteristics were comparable between these groups (all P>0.05). There were no significant differences between the two groups in operative time, intraoperative bleeding, time to semifluid diet, postoperative hospital days, tumor length, and total hospital costs (P>0.05). Patients in the proximal gastrectomy with esophageal gastric tube anastomosis group had earlier postoperative gastric tube and abdominal drainage tube removal time than those in the total gastrectomy with Roux-en-Y anastomosis group (t=-2.183, P=0.023 and t=-4.073, P<0.001, respectively). In contrast, significantly fewer lymph nodes were cleared and significantly fewer lymph nodes were positive in the proximal gastrectomy with esophageal gastric tube anastomosis group than in the total gastrectomy with Roux-en-Y anastomosis group (t=-5.754, P<0.001 and t=-2.575, P=0.031, respectively). The incidence of early postoperative complications was 43.3% (26/60) in the total gastrectomy with Roux-en-Y anastomosis group; this is not significantly higher than the 26.7% (16/60) in the proximal gastrectomy with esophageal gastric tube anastomosis group (χ2=3.663，P=0.056). The incidences of pulmonary infection (31.7%, 19/60) and pleural effusion (30.0%, 18/60) were significantly higher in the total gastrectomy with Roux-en-Y anastomosis group than in the proximal gastrectomy with esophageal gastric tube anastomosis group (13.3%, 8/60 and 8.3%, 5/60, respectively); these differences are significant (χ2=8.711, P=0.003 and χ2=11.368, P=0.001, respectively). All early complications were successfully treated before discharge. The incidence of long-term postoperative complications was 20.0% (12/60) in the total gastrectomy with Roux-en-Y anastomosis group and 35.0% (21/60) in the proximal gastrectomy with esophageal gastric tube anastomosis group; this difference is not significant (χ2=3.386，P=0.066). The incidence of reflux esophagitis was 23.3% (14/60) in the proximal gastrectomy with esophageal gastric tube anastomosis group; this is significantly higher than the 1.7% (1/60) in the total gastrectomy with Roux-en-Y anastomosis group (χ2=12.876, P<0.001). Body mass index had decreased significantly in both groups 1 year after surgery compared with preoperatively; however, the difference between the two groups was not significant (P>0.05). The differences in hemoglobin and albumin concentrations between 1 year postoperatively and preoperatively were not significant (both P>0.05). Quality of life was assessed using the Visick grade. Visick grade I dominated in both groups. The percentage of patients with Visick II and III in the total gastrectomy with Roux-en-Y anastomosis group was 11.7% (7/60), which is significantly lower than the 33.3% (20/60) in the proximal gastrectomy with esophageal gastric tube anastomosis group (χ2=8.076, P=0.004). No patients in either group had a grade IV quality of life. Conclusions: Both proximal gastrectomy with esophageal gastric tube anastomosis and total gastrectomy with Roux-en-Y anastomosis laparoscopic-assisted radical surgery for adenocarcinoma of the esophagogastric junction are safe and feasible. However, both procedures have their own advantages and disadvantages in terms of postoperative complications. The incidence of reflux esophagitis is higher after proximal gastrectomy with esophageal gastric tube anastomosis, whereas the long-term quality of life is lower than that of patients after total gastrectomy with Roux-en-Y anastomosis.

Effect of High-Concentration Uric Acid on Nitric Oxide / 中国医学科学院学报

Uric acid (UA) is the final product of purine metabolism in human body,and its metabolic disorder will induce hyperuricemia (HUA).The occurrence and development of HUA are associated with a variety of pathological mechanisms such as oxidative stress injury,activation of inflammatory cytokines,and activation of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system.These mechanisms directly or indirectly affect the bioavailability of endogenous nitric oxide (NO).The decrease in NO bioavailability is common in the diseases with high concentration of UA as an independent risk factor.In this review,we summarize the mechanisms by which high concentrations of UA affect the endogenous NO bioavailability,with a focus on the mechanisms of high-concentration UA in decreasing the synthesis and/or increasing the consumption of NO.This review aims to provide references for alleviating the multisystem symptoms and improving the prognosis of HUA,and lay a theoretical foundation for in-depth study of the correlations between HUA and other metabolic diseases.

The Application of Time Driven Activity Based Costing Method in Cost Control in Public Hospitals-Taking the Ultrasound Department of a Hospital as an Example / 中国医院管理

Public hospitals stand in need of strengthening cost control and improving operational efficiency to balance public welfare and economic benefits.Taking practice and exploration of ultrasound department as an exam-ple,it integrates the advantages of TDABC with cost management.Take the merits of time driver and activity driver,realizes direct cost accounting under the clinical pathway,strengthen capacity management capabilities un-der the integration of industry and finance,with a view to providing a powerful cost control tool for public hospitals to sensibly respond to pricing reform and reasonably make operational decisions.

The effect of topical oxygen therapy on the intervention of patients with diabetic foot ulcers:a Meta-analysis / 中华护理杂志

Objective To systematically analyze and compare studies related to the intervention effect of topical oxygen therapy on patients with diabetic foot ulcers,and provide references for nursing practice.Methods We searched PubMed,Embase,Web of Science,CENTRAL,CINAHL,Clinical Trial,China Biomedical Literature Database,CNKI,Wanfang Database,and VIP from inception to February 1,2023,to collect studies on the effect of topical oxygen therapy interventions on patients with diabetic foot ulcers.2 researchers independently screened the litera-ture,and extracted the information,and a meta-analysis of the included literature was performed by RevMan 5.4 software.Results 8 studies with 622 patients were included.Meta-analysis results showed that compared with con ventional care,topical oxygen therapy improved the response rate[RR=1.59,95％CI(1.16,2.17),P=0.004]and the reduction of diabetic foot ulcer area[MD=28.78,95％CI(14.83,42.73),P＜0.001],and the method did not increase the incidence of adverse events[RR=0.83,95％CI(0.63,1.10),P=0.190],but the difference was not statistically significant in terms of healing time[MD=9.86,95％CI(-15.39,35.11),P=0.440].Conclusion Topical oxygen therapy helps to im-prove the response rate and reduce the ulcer size in patients with diabetic foot ulcers with a better safety profile,but the effect of the intervention on healing time is unclear.Further high-quality randomized controlled trials should be conducted in the future to validate the efficacy of topical oxygen therapy in patients with diabetic foot ulcers.

Effect of electroacupuncture on regional homogeneity of brain function in rats with vascular cognitive impairment / 中国康复理论与实践

@#Objective To observe the effect of electroacupuncture at Baihui (DU20) and Shenting (DU24) on brain functional activity and working memory of rats with vascular cognitive impairment (VCI). Methods Eighteen Sprague-Dawley rats were included, in which twelve rats were ligated bilateral common carotid arteries and six rats were not ligated (sham group). The modeled rats were randomly divided into model group (n = 6) and electroacupuncture group (n = 6). The electroacupuncture group received electroacupuncture at Baihui and Shenting for four weeks. They were assessed with Y maze and Morris water maze before and after intervention, and scaned with resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging after intervention to calculate regional homogeneity (ReHo). Results Compared with the sham group, alternation rate of Y maze decreased (P < 0.001), and escape latency of Morris water maze increased (P < 0.05) in the model group and the electroacupuncture group before intervention. Compared with the model group, alternation rate of Y maze increased (P < 0.05), and escape latency of Morris water maze decreased (P < 0.05) after intervention in the electroacupuncture group. Compared with the sham group, ReHo of bilateral hippocampus, olfactory cortex, sensory cortex and auditory cortex, and left striatum decreased in the model group; compared with the model group, ReHo of bilateral prefrontal lobe, hippocampus and olfactory cortex, and left amygdala increased in the electroacupuncture group. Conclusion Electroacupuncture at Baihui and Shenting can improve the memory function of VCI rats, which may be related to the functional activities of prefrontal lobes, hippocampus and amygdala.

Characteristics of amplitude of low frequency fluctuation in patients with knee osteoarthritis and low back pain / 中国康复理论与实践

ObjectiveTo compare the brain imaging characteristics in patients with knee osteoarthritis (KOA) and low back pain (LBP) based on amplitude of low frequency fluctuation (ALFF) of functional magnetic resonance imaging. MethodsFrom August, 2015 to September, 2021, 16 KOA patients and 16 healthy subjects (controls 1) with similar age and gender were recruited from the communities of Fuzhou, Fujian. Other 27 patients with LBP and 32 healthy subjects (controls 2) with similar age and gender were obtained from the Openpain database. The ALFF were analyzed. KOA patients were assessed the pain with Brief Pain Inventory (BPI), and LBP patients were assessed with Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). The correlation between ALFF and pain scores was analyzed. ResultsCompared with their own controls, the ALFF decreased in the left anterior insula for both KOA and LBP patients. The ALFF decreased in the hippocampus and posterior cingulate cortex in KOA patients, while increased in LBP patients. ALFF in the left precuneus, left middle cingulate cortex and right periaqueductal gray matter decreased in KOA patients, and ALFF increased in the right precentral/postcentral gyrus. ALFF of bilateral anterior cingulate cortex, bilateral orbital anterior frontal cortex, left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and right medial prefrontal cortex decreased in LBP patients, and ALFF increased in the right parahippocampal gyrus and right amygdala. ALFF of the left middle cingulate cortex negatively correlated with BPI score in KOA patients (r = -0.73, P = 0.003), and ALFF of the right hippocampus/amygdala positively correlated with VAS score in LBP patients (r = 0.73, P = 0.003). ConclusionThere are common and specific brain imaging features in different types of chronic pain. The alteration in the left anterior insula, hippocampus and posterior cingulate gyrus may be the common mechanism for KOA and LBP.

Mechanism of Mahuang-Dahuang herb pair inhibiting M1 polarization of alveolar macrophages in prevention and treatment of acute lung injury / 中国药理学通报

Aim To investigate the effect of Mahuang-Dahuang(MD)on inhibiting M1 polarization of alveolar macrophages, alleviating inflammatory injury and treating acute lung injury, and the underlying mechanism.Methods Abandoned rats were divided into normal control group(NC), model control group(MC), MD high-dose group(MD-H), medium-dose group(MD-M), low-dose group(MD-L), and DXMS group.Lipopolysaccharide(LPS)was injected intraperitoneally to prepare an acute lung injury(ALI)rat model.After the model was established, different doses of MD were administered by intragastric administration, and the pathological changes of lung tissues were observed; immunohistochemical method was used to detect the expression of alveolar macrophage marker F4/80,F4/80 and CD80, CD80 and IL-6 Co-expression; Flow cytometry was used to detect the content of F4/80 and CD80 in lung tissues; PCR was used to detect the relative expression of IL-6, INOS, TNF-α mRNA in lung tissues; Western blot was used to detect lung tissue CCR2, CCL2, p-p65, P65, p-p38MAPK, p38MAPK protein expression.Results Compared with NC group, rats in MC group had damaged alveolar structure, thickened pulmonary interstitial edema, and infiltrated a large number of inflammatory cells.Among them, the number of macrophages increased significantly, which promoted the increase in the expression of macrophages-related chemokines CCR2 and CCL2.The number and expression of M1 alveolar macrophages in lung tissues increased, the relative expression of M1 alveolar macrophages-related cytokines IL-6, INOS and TNF-α mRNA was up-regulated, and the target protein in the related pathways of alveolar macrophages M1 polarization p-NF-κBp65/NF-κBp65, p-P38MAPK/p38MAPK protein expression was up-regulated.Compared with MC group, the pathological status of lung tissues in MD high, medium, and low dose groups was significantly improved, the number of lung tissue M1 alveolar macrophages decreased, the relative expression of inflammatory factors IL-6, INOS and TNF-α mRNA was down-regulated, and the protein expression of CCR2, CCL2, p-NF-κBp65/ NF-κBp65 and p-P38MAPK/p38MAPK was reduced in lung tissues.Conclusions MD can inhibit the M1 polarization of alveolar macrophages, reduce the activation and release of inflammatory factors, inhibit inflammatory response, and prevent acute lung injury by regulating the expression of related indicators of NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways.

Summary of best evidence for exercise evaluation and training in children with congenital heart disease / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective:To retrieve relevant evidence on exercise assessment and exercise training for children with congenital heart disease at home and abroad, and to summarize the best evidence to provide reference for clinical medical staff.Methods:UpToDate, National Guidelines Clearinghouse (NGC), Registered Nurses Association of Ontario (RNAO), Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network (SIGN), National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE), BMJ Best Practice, American Heart Association (AHA), Cochrane Library, Joanna Briggs Institute(JBI) Evidence-Based Health Care Center Database, PubMed, CINAHL, China Biomedical Literature Database, Yimaitong, Wangfang Database, CNKI were searched, related evidence on exercise assessment and exercise training for children with congenital heart disease. The search period was from the establishment of the database to March 2021. Clinical decision-making and recommended practice used retrospective evaluation methods for quality evaluation; guidelines used the 2012 version of the clinical guideline research and evaluation system (AGREE Ⅱ) for evaluation; systematic reviews used the systematic evaluation tool (AMSTAR) for evaluation; expert consensus used JBI (2016 version) evaluate the authenticity evaluation tools of opinions and consensus articles. Two researchers independently evaluated the literature, combined with the judgment of professionals, and extracted the literature data that met the standards.Results:A total of 15 documents were included, including 2 clinical decisions, 4 guidelines, 1 recommended practice, 5 systematic reviews, 3 expert consensus, and 22 best evidences. Including related personnel, exercise evaluation, exercise monitoring, exercise classification, exercise training, and exercise follow-up.Conclusions:This study summarizes the best evidence of exercise assessment and exercise training for children with congenital heart disease, and provides evidence-based evidence for clinical practice. It is recommended that children with congenital heart disease undergo exercise assessment and formulate a personalized exercise training program to promote the transformation of the best evidence into clinical practice.

Metabolomics-based comparative analysis of the effects of host and environment on Viscum coloratum metabolites and antioxidative activities / 药物分析学报

Viscum coloratum(Komn.)Nakai is a well-known medicinal hemiparasite widely distributed in Asia.The synthesis and accumulation of its metabolites are affected by both environmental factors and the host plants,while the latter of which is usually overlooked.The purpose of this study was to comprehensively evaluate the effects of host and habitat on the metabolites in V.coloratum through multiple chemical and biological approaches.The metabolite profile of V.coloratum harvested from three different host plants in two habitats were determined by multiple chemical methods including high-performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet(HPLC-UV),gas chromatography-flame ionization detector(GC-FID)and ultra-performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry(UPLC-QTOF/MS).The differences in antioxidant efficacy of V.coloratum were determined based on multiple in vitro models.The multivariate statistical analysis and data fusion strategy were applied to analyze the dif-ferences in metabolite profile and antioxidant activity of V.coloratum.Results indicated that the metabolite profile obtained by various chemical approaches was simultaneously affected by host and environment factors,and the environment plays a key role.Meanwhile,three main differential metab-olites between two environment groups were identified.The results of antioxidant assay indicated that the environment has greater effects on the biological activity of V.coloratum than the host.Therefore,we conclude that the integration of various chemical and biological approaches combined with multivariate statistical and data fusion analysis,which can determine the influences of host plant and habitat on the metabolites,is a powerful strategy to control the quality of semi-parasitic herbal medicine.

Application of transoral robotic surgery in treatment of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

Objective: To evaluate the therapeutic and prognostic outcomes of transoral robotic surgery (TORS) for oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Methods: A retrospective study of 99 OSCC patients treated with TORS in Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center between April 2017 and May 2021 was conducted. There were 84 males and 15 females, with an age range of 35-85 years. Patients' clinical characteristics, including clinical staging, HPV infection status, perioperative management and postoperative adjuvant treatment, were recorded. The overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were analyzed. The survival outcomes were analyzed with Kaplan-Meier method and Log-rank test. Results: The hospital stay of OSCC patients with TORS was (5.3±2.9) days and the average time of postoperative nasal feeding tube indwelling was (15.2±10.8) days. Among the 99 patients, 21 (21.2%) received tracheotomy and the average time of tracheotomy tube indwelling was (11.9±11.4) days. The two-year OS and PFS in patients with follow-up over two years were 94.0% and 87.7%, respectively and the three-year OS and PFS of patients with follow-up over three years were 94.0% and 78.9%, respectively. The two-year OS and PFS were respectively 97.4% and 88.9%, for patients with stages I-II and 86.8% and 88.9% for patients with stages III-IV. HPV-negative and HPV-positive patients had respectively two-year OS (100.0% vs. 91.5%) and PFS (88.9% vs. 87.2%). There was no significantly statistical difference in survival between patients with and without adjuvant radiotherapy after TORS (82.6% vs. 90.5%, HR=0.52, 95%CI: 0.12-2.23, P=0.400). Conclusions: TORS is more suitable for the treatment of patients with early (Ⅰ-Ⅱ) or HPV-positive oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma, and the recovery after TORS treatment is good.

Effect of Combined Therapy of Lung and Intestine on NF-κB Inflammatory Pathway and Macrophage Polarization in LPS-induced Acute Lung Injury Rats / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of combined therapy of lung and intestine （Mahuangtang + Da Chengqitang） on lipopolysaccharide （LPS）-induced acute lung injury （ALI） in rats and its protective mechanism. MethodWistar rats were randomly divided into blank group， model group， low-， medium-， and high-dose groups with combined therapy of lung and intestine ， and dexamethasone group. LPS （10 mg·kg-1） was given （ip） to induce ALI in rats. The general state of rats in each group was observed and recorded. The body temperature of rats in each group was recorded 0-8 h after modeling by means of anal temperature measurement. Serum and lung tissues were collected 24 h after modeling. Serum levels of interleukin-1β （IL-1β）， tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α）， interleukin-10 （IL-10）， and arginase-1 （Arg-1） were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）. Western blot was used to detect the protein levels of nuclear factor kappa B p65 （NF-κB p65）， phosphorylated NF-κB p65 （p-NF-κB p65）， NF-κB inhibitor α （IκBα）， and phosphorylated IκBα （p-IκBα） in lung tissues of rats. The levels of classically activated （M1） macrophage marker CD80 and IL-1β and macrophage markers F4/80 and IL-10 were detected by double immunofluorescence. ResultCompared with the blank group， the model group showed increased body temperature and thermal response index （TRI）， elevated serum levels of pro-inflammatory factor TNF-α and IL-1β and anti-inflammatory factor IL-10 （P<0.01）， up-regulated protein levels of p-NF-κB p65 and p-IκBα in lung tissues （P<0.01）， and increased levels of F4/80， CD80， and IL-1β in lung tissues （P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， the lung-intestine combined treatment groups and the dexamethasone group exhibited decreased body temperature and TRI in rats （P<0.01）， declined serum levels of inflammatory factor TNF-α and IL-1β （P<0.05， P<0.01）， elevated serum levels of anti-inflammatory factor IL-10 and Arg-1 （P<0.05， P<0.01）， down-regulated protein levels of p-NF-κB p65 and p-IκBα in lung tissues （P<0.05， P<0.01）， decreased levels of CD80 and IL-1β， and increased levels of IL-10 in lung tissues （P<0.01）， while the level of F4/80 was not significantly changed. ConclusionThe combined therapy of lung and intestine can obviously alleviate the fever and inflammatory state of ALI rats， and the mechanism may be related to the inhibition of NF-κB inflammatory pathway and the polarization of lung tissue macrophages to anti-inflammatory phenotype.

Mechanism of Combined Therapy of Lung and Intestine in Alleviating Pulmonary Edema in Treatment of Acute Lung Injury Based on VIP/cAMP/PKA/AQPs Signaling Pathway / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo explore the mechanism of the combined therapy of lung and intestine （Mahuangtang + Da Chengqitang） in alleviating pulmonary edema in rats with acute lung injury （ALI） induced by lipopolysaccharide （LPS）. MethodWistar rats were randomly divided into blank group， model group， low-， medium-， and high-dose groups with combined therapy of lung and intestine， and positive control group. LPS （10 mg·kg-1） was given （ip） to induce ALI in rats. After modeling， the blank group was given normal saline （25 mL·kg-1）， the combined therapy of lung and intestine treatment groups were given （ig） low- （5 g·kg-1）， medium- （7.5 g·kg-1）， and high-dose （10 g·kg-1） Mahuangtang and Da Chengqitang， and the positive control group was given dexamethasone （5 mg·kg-1）. Medications were administered 0， 8， and 16 h after LPS injection for 3 times. Then lung tissue and serum were collected after administration. The lung tissues were stained with haematoxylin-eosin （HE）， and the pulmonary edema score was evaluated. The dry/wet （D/W） weight ratio of lung tissues in each group was measured， and the content of serum vasoactive intestinal peptide （VIP） in rats was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）. Western blot was used to detect the protein levels of aquaporin-1 （AQP1）， AQP5， VIP， cyclic adenosine monophosphate （cAMP）， phosphorylated protein kinase A （p-PKA）， and PKA in lung tissues of rats in each group. The level of VIP mRNA in lung tissues of rats was detected by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR）. ResultCompared with the blank group， the model group exhibited obvious lung injury， increased edema score， decreased D/W ratio （P<0.01）， declined AQP1， AQP5， cAMP， and p-PKA/PKA in lung tissues （P<0.05， P<0.01）， elevated VIP content （P<0.01）， and up-regulated levels of VIP protein and mRNA in lung tissues （P<0.05， P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， combined therapy of lung and intestine treatment groups showed alleviated lung injury， increased D/W ratio （P<0.01）， elevated AQP1， AQP5， VIP， cAMP， and p-PKA/PKA in lung tissues （P<0.05， P<0.01）， and up-regulated VIP levels in lung tissues （P<0.05， P<0.01）. ConclusionThe combined therapy of lung and intestine can alleviate ALI-induced lung tissue edema， and the mechanism may be related to the activation of the VIP/cAMP/PKA signaling pathway， which further promotes the expression of AQP1 and AQP5 and enhances the water metabolism of lung tissue.

Effect of Combined Therapy of Lung and Intestine on VIP and p38 MAPK Signaling Pathways in Bronchial Asthma Mice / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo observe the therapeutic effects of the combined therapy of lung and intestine， a common treatment for pulmonary diseases in traditional Chinese medicine （TCM）， on bronchial asthma mice， and further detect the changes of vasoactive intestinal peptide （VIP） and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase （p38 MAPK） signaling pathway-related proteins which are closely related to the pathogenesis of asthma， in order to elucidate the mechanism of the combined therapy of lung and intestine in the treatment of bronchial asthma. MethodA total of 60 Kunming mice were randomly divided into normal group， model group， dexamethasone group （0.5 mg·kg-1·d-1）， TCM group （2.73 g·kg-1·d-1）， and lung-intestine treatment group （6.825 g·kg-1·d-1）， 12 mice in each group. All mice except the normal group were sensitized by ovalbumin to induce bronchial asthma. After 30 days of intragastric administration， serum and lung tissue samples were obtained. The content of VIP， interleukin-6 （IL-6）， and tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α） in the serum of mice in each group was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）. The mRNA levels of TNF-α， IL-6， and p38 MAPK in lung tissues of mice were detected by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR）， and the protein levels of TNF-α， IL-6， p38 MAPK， and phosphorylated p38 MAPK （p-p38 MAPK） in lung tissues of mice were assayed by Western blot （WB）. ResultCompared with the normal group， the model group showed decreased content of serum VIP （P<0.05）， increased content of TNF-α and IL-6 （P<0.05）， up-regulated mRNA levels of TNF-α， IL-6， and p38 MAPK， and elevated protein levels of TNF-α， IL-6， and p-p38 MAPK/p38 MAPK in lung tissues （P<0.05）. Compared with the model group， the treatment groups exhibited increased content of serum VIP， TNF-α， and IL-6 （P<0.05）， down-regulated mRNA levels of TNF-α， IL-6， and p38 MAPK， and lower protein levels of TNF-α， IL-6， and p-p38 MAPK/p38 MAPK in lung tissues （P<0.05）. As compared with the lung-intestine treatment group， the serum TNF-α and IL-6 levels in the dexamethasone group were increased （P<0.05）， and the mRNA and protein levels of TNF-α and IL-6 in lung tissues were down-regulated （P<0.05）， while the levels of p38 MAPK， VIP mRNA， and p-p38 MAPK/p38 MAPK protein in lung tissues were up-regulated （P<0.05）. The serum VIP， TNF-α， and IL-6 levels in the TCM group were decreased （P<0.05）， and the mRNA levels of TNF-α， IL-6， p38 MAPK and protein levels of TNF-α， IL-6， p-p38 MAPK/p38 MAPK in lung tissues were up-regulated （P<0.05）， while the level of VIP mRNA in lung tissues was down-regulated （P<0.05）. ConclusionThrough increasing endogenous VIP and inhibiting the excessive activation of p38 MAPK signaling pathway， the combined therapy of lung and intestine can reduce the release of inflammatory factors， inhibit pulmonary inflammation response， and treat bronchial asthma.

Combined Therapy of Lung and Intestine in Treatment of Lung Diseases： A Review / 中国实验方剂学杂志

The theoretical origin of the combined therapy of lung and intestine can be traced back to the Inner Canon of Huangdi （《黄帝内经》）， which explains the physiological and pathological interaction between the lung and the large intestine. In recent years， researchers have investigated the scientific essence of the "lung-intestine axis" theory from many aspects， which enriches the relevant theoretical basis， and applied it to the treatment of COVID-19， acute lung injury， and other lung diseases. The close relation between lung and intestine in many aspects embodies the holistic conception of traditional Chinese medicine and explains the holistic theory of interrelation between organs， which correlate to each other physiologically and pathologically. Intestinal microecological disorders can affect lung immune function and cause respiratory diseases， and respiratory diseases are usually accompanied by gastrointestinal symptoms. Lung diseases can be prevented and treated by regulating intestinal flora. According to histoembryology， the epithelial tissue of the lung and intestine comes from primitive foregut. In immunology， both lung and intestine contain mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue， and the pathological changes of the respiratory tract are also closely related to intestinal microorganisms. The tissue origin of lung and large intestine， the correlation of mucosal immunity， and the synchronization of ecological changes provide a scientific basis for the combined therapy of lung and intestine. Therefore， this paper summarizes the theoretical origin， modern research mechanism， and clinical application of combined therapy of lung and intestine， in order to provide a new direction for its application in clinical and scientific research.