Relationship of thyroid function and brain volume changes in Alzheimer's disease / 中华老年心脑血管病杂志

Objective To investigate the relationship between thyroid function and brain volume in patients with Alzheimer's disease(AD).Methods A total of 64 AD patients(AD group)and 36 patients with mild cognitive impairment(MCI group)admitted in our department from January 2020 to March 2022 were enrolled in this study.Another 19 healthy individuals who had no cogni-tive impairment or psychiatric disorders were enrolled and served as normal control group.Their levels of free triiodothyronine(FT3),free thyroxine(FT4)and thyroid stimulating hormone(TSH)were detected by electrochemical luminescence assay.Results FT3 level was significantly decreased in the MCI group and AD group than the normal control group[2.50(2.28,2.60)ng/L and 2.07(1.97,2.30)ng/L vs 2.76(2.55,2.93)ng/L,P＜0.05],and the decrease in the AD group was more obvious than that in the MCI group.The volumes of the midbrain,pons,medulla oblon-gata,hippocampus,amygdala and temporal lobe were significantly smaller in the AD group than the MCI group(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).Spearman correlation analysis and multivariate linear regres-sion analysis showed that in the AD patients,FT3 and FT4 levels were positively while TSH level was negatively correlated with the volumes of both right and left hippocampus and amygdala(P＜0.05,P＜0.01),and TSH level was also negatively correlated with the left temporal lobe volume(P＜0.05).Conclusion Thyroid dysfunction is associated with reduced brain volume in AD patietns,and may contribute to the progression of AD cognitive dysfunction and brain atrophy.

Association between short-term exposure to atmospheric fine particulate matter and ozone and inflammatory indicators in peripheral blood of patients with pneumonia / 上海预防医学

ObjectiveTo explore the association between short-term exposure to atmospheric fine particulate matter （PM2.5） and ozone （O3） and systemic inflammatory indicators in patients with pneumonia， and to identify the susceptible populations. MethodsFrom September 2018 to April 2020， data of 1 480 patients admitted for pneumonia was collected from a tertiary hospital in Taiyuan City. Generalized additive models （GAMs） were used to explore the associations between PM2.5 and O3 exposure and inflammatory indicators of patients with pneumonia； and to explore the susceptibility factors and susceptible populations to PM2.5 and O3 exposures through stratified analyses. ResultsThe short-term exposure to PM2.5 was associated with changes in peripheral blood C-reation protein （CRP）， erythrocyte sedimentation （ESR）， easinophil （EOS）， neutrophil （NEU） and neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio （NLR） in patients with pneumonia， and there were different degrees of hysteresis effects， with the effect values reaching a maximum at lag03， lag03， lag0， lag03， lag03， respectively， which were 4.13% （95%CI： 0.43%‒7.84%）， 3.10% （95%CI： 0.24%‒5.97%）， 5.27% （95%CI： 3.12%‒7.42%）， 1.85% （95%CI： 0.36%‒3.34%）， and 2.53% （95%CI： 0.53%‒4.74%） for every 10 μg·m-3 of PM2.5. The changes in O3 concentration were associated with the elevation of peripheral blood PCT and ESR in patients with pneumonia， and their effect values all reached the maximum at lag01 d， every 1 μg·m-3 of O3 elevation increased by 0.38% （95%CI： 0.04%‒0.73%） and 0.47% （95%CI： 0.19%‒0.76%）， respectively. Stratified analyses showed that the associations of PM2.5 with peripheral blood CRP， ESR， NEU， and NLR in pneumonia patients were more significant in males， the elderly， and those with onset in the cold season； the associations of O3 with peripheral blood PCT and ESR in pneumonia patients were more significant in the elderly and those with onset in the warm season， and the peripheral blood CRP and PCT in female patients with pneumonia were more susceptible to the changes of O3. ConclusionShort-term exposure to atmospheric PM2.5 and O3 are positively associated with changes in inflammatory indicators in patients with pneumonia， and the effects of PM2.5 on patients with pneumonia are more extensive than those of O3， with a longer lag effect. In addition， elderly patients with pneumonia are more sensitive to air pollution， male patients with pneumonia are more sensitive to PM2.5， and female patients with pneumonia are more sensitive to O3. Cold and warm seasons can exacerbate the effects of PM2.5 and O3 on inflammatory indicators in patients with pneumonia， respectively， and the patients must be protected well.

Effect of electro-acupuncture therapy on limb spasm and excitability of motor neurons in stroke rats / 浙江大学学报·医学版

To investigate the effect of electro-acupuncture therapy on limb spasm and excitability of motor neurons in stroke rats. Ischemic stroke model was induced with middle cerebral artery embolization in SD rats. Thirty-three modeled rats were randomly divided into model group, electro-acupuncture group, and baclofen group with 11 rats in each group, and another 10 rats were taken as sham operation group. The electro-acupuncture group and the baclofen group were treated with electro-acupuncture and baclofen tablets respectively. The model group and the sham operation group had no intervention. The neural function was evaluated with Bederson's scale and balance beam test; the muscle tension was measured with electrophysiography; the pathological changes of brain tissue was examined with HE staining; the content of glutamic acid (Glu) and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in rat cerebral cortex was analyze with enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method, the expression of metabotropic glutamate receptor 1a () and γ-aminobutyric acid type B receptor subunit 1 () mRNA were detected with RT-qPCR. Compared with the model group, the neurological function scores of the electro-acupuncture group and the baclofen group showed a downward trend at d7 after operation (all >0.05), and the neurological function scores of the electro-acupuncture group and the baclofen group were significantly decreased at d12 after the operation (all 0.05). Compared with the model group, the electrophysiological results of the electro-acupuncture group and baclofen group were significantly increased after operation (all <0.05). The results of HE staining showed that there was no cell edema and degeneration in the sham operation group, no pyknosis of the nucleus, and no bleeding in the interstitium. Cell edema and degeneration and mesenchymal congestion appeared in the model group. Compared with the model group, the cytoplasmic edema and degeneration and the interstitial bleeding in the electroacupuncture group and the baclofen group were reduced. Compared with sham operation group, the Glu content and the relative expression of mRNA was increased in the model group, electro-acupuncture group and baclofen group, while the GABA content and the relative expression of mRNA decreased (all <0.05). Compared with model group, the Glu content and the relative expression of mRNA in the electro-acupuncture group and baclofen group decreased, and the GABA content and relative expression of mRNA increased (all <0.05). Electro-acupuncture may improve limb spasm after stroke through regulating the expression of Glu and GABA in the cerebral cortex and the excitability of motor neurons in rats.

Effect of dexmedetomidine on intracranial pressure in pediatric patients undergoing laparoscopic surgery: ultrasonographic measurement of optic nerve sheath diameter / 中华麻醉学杂志

Objective:To evaluate the effect of dexmedetomidine on intracranial pressure in pediatric patients undergoing laparoscopic surgery through measurement of optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD) by ultrasound.Methods:Ninety-three pediatric patients of both sexes, aged 3-12 yr, of American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status Ⅰ or Ⅱ, with body mass index of 15.2-18.1 kg/m 2, scheduled for elective laparoscopic appendectomy, were divided into 2 groups using a random number table method: control group (group C, n=45) and dexmedetomidine group (group D, n=48). Dexmedetomidine was infused intravenously in a loading dose of 0.5 μg/kg over 10 min before induction of anesthesia followed by an infusion of 0.5 μg·kg -1·h -1 in group D, while the equal volume of normal saline was given instead in group C. ONSD was measured using ultrasound after entering the operating room (T 0), after tracheal intubation (T 1), at 5 min after pneumoperitoneum (T 2), at 5 min after trendelenburg position (T 3), at the end of anesthesia (T 4) and when orientation recovered (T 5). The development of increased intracranial pressure in pediatric patients was diagnosed according to ONSD.The time for extubation, time for recovery of orientation, the Ramsay score when orientation recovered and postoperative nausea and vomiting were recorded. Results:Compared with group C, ONSD was significantly decreased at T 2, 3, the incidence of increased intracranial pressure was decreased, and the Ramsay score when the patients recovered orientation was increased ( P<0.01), and no significant change was found in the time for extubation, time for recovery of orientation and postoperative nausea and vomiting in group D ( P>0.05). Conclusion:Dexmedetomidine can decrease the development of increased intracranial pressure and produces no effect on the postoperative recovery in pediatric patients undergoing laparoscopic surgery.

Screening of Antioxidant Active Components of Schisandra chinensis / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To screen antioxidant active components of Schisandra chinensis. METHODS:The orthogonal test was adopted to optimize extraction technology using DPPH free radical scavenging activity(IC50)as index and ethanol volume frac-tion,material-liquid ratio and extraction time as factors,and the verification test were made. The fractions(SC-0,SC-10,SC-30, SC-50,SC-70,SC-95) were made by extracting and purifying S. chinensis with macroporous resin with water and 10%,30%, 50%,70%and 95%ethanol. With IC50 and total antioxidant capacity(determined by ABTS method)as indexes(vitamin C as pos-itive control),the antioxidant active components of S. chinensis were optimized. The contents of 5 kinds of lignan in different posi-tions of S. chinensis were determined by HPLC. RESULTS:The optimal extraction condition of S. chinensis was as follows as 60% ethanol,material-liquid ratio of 1∶14,extracting for 2.0 h. The average IC50 of DPPH free radical scavenging activity was 23.81 mg/ml(RSD=0.52%,n=3)in verification test. SC-0 did not have antioxidant abilities. DPPH free radical scavenging activi-ty of those components (ie. the IC50 value from low to high) were in the following order of positive control>SC-50>SC-30>SC-95>SC-70>SC-10;total antioxidant ability of them were in the following order of SC-50>positive control>SC-30>SC-70>SC-95>SC-10;the contents of 5 types of lignan in different components were in the following order of SC-70>SC-50>SC-95>SC-30. CONCLUSIONS:The antioxidant active component of S. chinensis is 50%ethanol eluate.

Screening of Decolorizing Agents for the Extracts from the Fruit and Stem of Schisandra chinensis / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To screen decolorizing agents suitable for the extracts from the fruit and stem of Schisandra chinen-sis. METHODS:HPLC was adopted to determine the contents of 4 kinds of lignans(schizandrin,schisandrol B,deoxyschizandrin and γ-schizandrin) in the extract solution from the fruit and stem of S. chinensis which was treated with 8 kinds of decolorizing agents (activated clay,activated carbon,diatomite,calcium bentonite,kaolin,activated aluminium oxide,magnesium oxide,at-tapulgite clay),and the decolourization rates of the samples of the fruit and stem of S. chinensis and the retention rates of lignans in such samples were calculated respectively. RESULTS:The above-mentioned decolorizing agents were arranged in order as fol-lows respectively based on the decolourization effects on the extract solution from the fruit and stem of S. chinensis:attapulgite clay>activated carbon>activated aluminium oxide>kaolin>magnesium oxide>diatomite>calcium bentonite>activated clay,and activated carbon>diatomite>attapulgite clay>magnesium oxide>kaolin>activated aluminium oxide>activated clay>calcium ben-tonite. The attapulgite clay and activated carbon have the best decolourization effects on the extracts from the fruit and stem of S. chinensis,with the decolourization rates of 60.47% and 69.24% respectively,and the retention rates of schizandrin,schisandrol B,deoxyschizandrin and γ-schizandrin were 77.43%,77.73%,77.07%,77.53%,and 72.18%,70.17%,70.32%,70.28%,re-spectively. CONCLUSIONS:Among the 8 decolorizing agents,attapulgite clay and activated carbon have the best decolourization effects on the extract solution from the fruit and stem of S. chinensis.

The roles of hypoxia inducible factor-1 in apoptosis after cerebral ischemia / 国际脑血管病杂志

Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) is an inportant regulatory factor in adapting to hypoxia in the hypoxic environment for cells.The changes of the numbers of HIF-1 in cells may regulate hypoxia-responsive gene transcription.HIF-1 may inhibit neuronal apoptosis and thus play a ncuroptotective role,and may also show a neurotoxic effect by inducing neuronal apoptosis.

Retrospective effect analysis of integration of traditional Chinese medicine and western medicine in treatment of multiple myeloma / 国际中医中药杂志

Objective To find out a treatment with high remission rate,long living period,and a good quality of life for elderly patients with multiple myeloma.Methods All patients were recruited into a treatment group(treated with traditional Chinese medicine,routine chemotherapy,and thalidomide)and a comparison group(treated with traditional Chinese medicine and routine chemotherapy).Results The total effective rate of the treatment group was 71.4%,higher than the comparison group(38.5%),but showing 110 statistical difference(P=0.128＞0.05).Median survive time of two groups were 21.8 months and 12 months respectively,(P=0.001＜0.01).The survival rate of 3 years and 5 years were 28.6%,15.4%and 7.1%,0 in the two groups respectively,without significant difference(0.317,1.000,both P＞0.05).Conclusion The treatment group showed higher results in both complete remission rate(CR)and very good partial remission rate(VGPR)than the comparison group,demonstrating a better results in improving the patient's quality of life.The treatment group also had a higher value of the median survive time and the median progression-free surial time than the comparison group.The combined therapy of traditional Chinese medicine,routine chemotherapy and thalidomide is an ideal choice for both aged Patients or young MM patients who had no transplant conditions.

Construction of scFv antibody mini-library to 3 cellular surface molecules / 生物医学工程学杂志

To construct a scFv antibody mini-library by phage display technique from the spleen cells of BALB/c mice immunized with extracellular domain of N-cadherin (N-cad), CD34 and AC133, the extracellular domain genes of N-cad, CD34 and AC133 were cloned into a phagemid pSEX81 respectively, and were then displayed on the phagemid in the form of fusion protein with p III protein. After being effectively immunized with the fusion protein, the spleen of the mice were harvested, and total RNA were extracted from the spleen. The cDNA of VH and VL genes were amplified by RT-PCR, and a scFv-phage display antibody library was constructed with the amplified V-genes. The content, multiplicity and expressing potential of the library were examined. As a result, we had produced a scFv library containing 1.4 x 10(6) individual clones which showed different patterns after being digested with restriction endoneuclease Mua I. The surface display expression of the library was also verified. It indicated that the capacity and diversity of the library was sufficient for screening specific scFv antibody against N-cad, CD34 and AC133. The library will be useful for isolating corresponding specific scFv antibodies.

Sequential treatment for patients of bronchial asthma accompanied by pneumothorax / 第三军医大学学报

Objective To study the curative effect of noninvasive ventilation on the patients of acute serious bronchial asthma complicated with pneumothorax. Methods Forty patients were randomly assigned to receive BiPAP ventilation immediately after thoracic closing drainage, or nasal catheter oxygen inhalation after thoracic closing drainage. Results After 24-hour ventilation, the levels of PO_ 2, SO_ 2, PCO_ 2 and breath rate between two groups were of remarkable difference (P0.05). The level of PO_ 2, SO_ 2, PCO_ 2, and heart rate, respiratory rate of the BiPAP patients were of remarkable difference (P

Production of single chain antibody-alkaline phosphatase fusion protein / 中国免疫学杂志

Objective:Making single chain antibody(scFv)-alkaline phosphatase(Ap)fusion protein.Methods:An expression vector pSTE2-C66-Ap was constructed by sequentially inserting the Ap coding region into plasmid pSTE2-8E5 and replacing the VH-VL fragment of 8E5 by VH-VL fragment of C66.The fusion protein scFvC66-Ap was expressed in E.coli.and analysed by SDS-PAGE and immunoblotting.Results:Have obtained the scFvC66-Ap fusion protein with a molecular weight of 75 kD.It bound a 60 kD molecule from KG1a cell proteins on immunoblotting membrane detected directly by Ap enzymatic activity.Conclusion:A method permits the production of scFv-Ap conjugates in E.coli.which can replace conventionally prepared Ap-labeled antibodies in immunoassays.

Characteristic and Resistance of Fungi Isolated from Hemopathy Patients / 中华医院感染学杂志

OBJECTIVE To investigate the distribution and resistance of fungi isolated from hemopathy patients,and to provide the laboratorial data in order to prevent and treat infection caused by fungi more effectively.METHODS Strains were isolated from the upper respiratory tract,lower respiratory tract,genitourinary tract,alimentary tract;and perianal region,perineum,and the soft tissue and skin wounds.Antimicrobial susceptibility of clinical isolates was tested by broth microdilution susceptibility test.RESULTS Candida albicans,Aspergillus,tropicalis,C.krusei,and C.glabrata were the main fungi of total 3104 detected isolates.The resistance rates of C.albicans and C.tropicalis to fluconazole,itraconazole and 5-flucytosine were no more than 1.4%.The MIC50-MIC90 range of C.tropicalis for itraconazole was narrow(0.25-0.5 mg/L),but that was wide for fluconazole(0.25-4.0 mg/L).CONCLUSIONS C.albicans,Aspergillus,C.tropicalis,C.krusei,and C.glabrata are possibly the most common pathogens causing endogenous and exogenous fungi infection.The main infection sites of Aspergillus are the upper respiratory tract and lower respiratory tract,which may be associated possibly with ward's air quality.The MIC50to MIC90 range of C.tropicalis is wider for fluconazole than for itraconazole,which is possibly correlated with overexpression of CtMDR1 in C.tropicalis caused by the widely application of fluconazole in therapy.

Isolation and expression of N-cadherin extracellular domain / 中国病理生理杂志

AIM: To clone the extracellular domain of N-cadherin cDNA, and to observe the antigenicity of the expressed protein. METHODS: Total RNA was extracted from CD34+ cells separated from fetal liver and bone marrow cells. The extracellular domain of N-cad cDNA was amplified with RT-PCR and inserted into a vector pOPE101-215. The recombinant pOPE-N-cad was expressed with IPTG induction. Then, mice were immunized with the protein. RESULTS: The extracellular domain of N-cad cDNA from CD34+ cells was identified by DNA sequencing. The recombinant pOPE-N-cad in host XL1-blue expressed a 70 kD protein after induced with IPTG, and anti-N-cad antibody was detected in serum of the immunized mice after 5 times injection of the recombinant N-cad protein. CONCLUSION: CD34+ cells bore N-cad gene and the recombinant protein of the extracellular domain of N-cad cDNA shows good immunogenicity.