Establishment of Patient-Derived Xenograft (PDX) Zebrafish Model of Multiple Myeloma and Its Application in Drug Screening / 中国实验血液学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To establish a MM patient-derived tumor xenograft model (MM-PDX) in zebrafish, and to evaluate the anti-myeloma activity of indirubin-3'-monoxime(I3MO) using this model.@*METHODS@#Zebrafish embryos 2 days after fertilization were transplanted with fluorescence labeled myeloma primary tumor cells, the survival of primary tumor cells in zebrafish was observed at 0,16 and 24 hours after cell injection. The zebrafish embryos after tumor cell transplantation were randomly divided into control group, BTZ treatment and I3MO treatment group. Before and 24 hours after treatment with BTZ and I3MO, the positive area with calcein or Dil in zebrafish were observed under fluorescence microscope to reflect the survival of tumor cells, and it was verified.@*RESULTS@#MM patient derived tumor cells survived in zebrafish. The construction of MM-PDX was successful. Compared with control group, the fluo- rescence area of the BTZ and I3MO treatment groups in zebrafish were significantly decreased(P<0.05), and BTZ and I3MO significantly inhibited the survival of MM cells in zebrafish.@*CONCLUSION@#MM-PDX model was successfully established. Zebrafish model derived from tumor cells of MM patients can be used as a tool for drug screening of MM.

Application Value of Indocyanine Green in the Localization of Small Pulmonary Nodules in Video-assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery / 中国医学科学院学报

Objective To investigate the application value of indocyanine green(ICG)in the localization of small pulmonary nodules in video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery(VATS). Methods We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 45 patients with small nodules(diameter<1 cm)who received preoperative localization with ICG and underwent VATS wedge resection from October 2020 to February 2021.The data for analysis included patients age,nodule diameter,distance from the parietal pleura,nodule density,success rate of localization,time of localization,incidence of complications,and pathological findings. Results The success rate of localization was 100%.The average nodule size was 6.3 mm,and the nodules were(10±11)mm from the parietal pleura.After localization of 59 nodules,13(22.0%)cases were found to have mild pneumothorax,and 4(6.7%)cases were found to have mild hemorrhage.The success rate of operation was 100%,and 43(72.9%)cases were confirmed adenocarcinoma by postoperative pathology. Conclusion ICG has a high success rate and good safety in the localization of small pulmonary nodules in VATS.

Relationship between Aneurysm Volumetric Changes and Endoleaks after Endovascular Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Repair / 中国医学科学院学报

To evaluate the relationship of volumetric changes and endoleaks after endovascular aneurysm repair(EVAR)for abdominal aortic aneurysms(AAAs). We retrospectively evaluated the clinical and imaging data of 54 patients who had underwent EVAR within 1 month after their aneurysms were detected.All patients received abdominal and pelvic enhanced computed tomography(CTA)for two follow-up visits in Peking Union Medical College Hospital from July 2014 to February 2019.Three-dimensional volumes and maximum diameters on axial CT of the aortic aneurysms were calculated by dedicated semi-automated 3D segmentation software before surgery(V and D),in the 4 postoperative month(Vand D),and in the 12 postoperative month(Vand D),respectively.The presence or absence of endoleak for each patient with the V/V,V/V,and V/V were calculated to assess the significance of volume changes with respect to endoleaks and the correlation between volume changes and maximum diameter changes on axial CT images. Of the 54 patients,endoleaks were found in 11 patients at the first follow-up visit(4 months after surgery),among whom 8 patients were arranged a second follow-up visit(12 months after surgery),during which endoleaks were found in 5 patients.Fifteen of 43 non-leaked patients underwent a second CTA examination,which revealed endoleak in one case.Patients who did exhibit endoleaks[ =11,V/V=1.086(1.033,1.116)]showed significant increases in aneurysm volume when compared with those who did not exhbit endoleaks[ =43,V/V=1.019(0.970,1.065)]at the first follow-up visit(=-2.695,=0.007),although no significant difference was found with regard to volume changes between endoleaks(=6,V/V=1.1±0.2,V/V=1.0±0.1)and non-endoleaks(=17,V/V=1.0±0.1,V/V=1.0±0.1)at the second follow-up visit(=0.725,=0.476)as well as between these two follow-up visits(=-0.021,=0.984).V and D were moderately correlated with V and D,respectively(=0.5,<0.001)and strongly correlated with V and D,respectively(=0.8,<0.001).V and D were strongly correlated with V and D,respectively(=0.8,<0.001). The changes of aneurysm volume cannot reliably reflect the occurrence of endoleaks.The change of maximum axial diameter of aneurysm has certain correlation with the changes of aneurysm volume.

Value of the CT Angiography in Displaying the Anatomical Variations of the Origin of Uterus Artery / 中国医学科学院学报

Objective To study the anatomical variations of the origin of uterine artery(UA)by three-dimensional(3D)reconstructed computed tomography angiography(CTA)and facilitate the preoperative evaluation for gynecological surgeries or interventional therapies. Method The CTA findings of 112 patients with an average age of(31.4±6.6)years old who had received a pelvic CTA and undergone 3D reconstruction of the uterine artery were retrospectively analyzed. Results The average uterine volume was(95.6±26.8)cm .Of the UA 224 sides,144 sides(64.3%)arose from the interior gluteal artery and 51(22.8%)from internal iliac artery;in 29 sides(12.9%),the uterine artery,the inferior gluteal and the superior gluteal arteries arising as a trifurcation.The origin of UA was consistent between left and right sides in 68 patients(60.7%)and not in 44 patients(39.3%). Conclusion As a rapid,noninvasive,and economic technique,CTA can effectively display the anatomical variations of the origin of UA and thus can be used to guide interventional therapies and gynaecological surgeries.

Value of CT-Angiography in the Emergency Management of Severe Hemoptysis / 中国医学科学杂志(英文版)

Objective To depict imaging anatomy of bronchial artery (BA) using multidetector CT-angiography (MDCTA) and evaluate the value of MDCTA for management of hemoptysis patients requiring admission to emergency room. Methods We retrospectively studied the clinical and radiological data of patients with severe hemoptysis (≥100 ml of expectorated blood in a 24-hour period) requiring admission to emergency room from Jan 1, 2013 to Dec 31, 2015. Patients' images of MDCTA, treatment modalities, and outcome were discussed. Results A total of 108 patients underwent MDCTA scans. Etiology of hemoptysis was mainly bronchiectasis (44%), tuberculosis sequelae (26%) and tumor (18%). MDCTA visualized 197 traceable BAs and also suggested the involvement of 35 nonbronchial systemic arteries. The mean diameter of BAs, measured at the level of the bronchial bifurcation in the mediastinum, was 2.8±1.2 mm. The mean diameter of BAs, for 52 patients who only received conservative treatment, was 2.9±1.1 mm, and was not significantly larger than that of BAs for 56 patients who underwent bronchial artery embolization (BAE) for continued bleeding which did not resolve after conservative treatment (2.7±1.1 mm, = 0.94). The technical success rate of embolization was 95% (53/56). Clinical success rate during follow-up was achieved in 50 (94%) of 53 patients who had undergone embolization. Conclusions MDCTA provides useful information for identifying the anatomical characteristics of bleeding-related BAs and nonbronchial systemic arteries for the management of patients with severe hemoptysis. However, MDCTA could not determine the individuals who need BAE through measuring diameter of BAs.

Clinical features of carotid-cavernous sinus fistulas in 23 patients / 中国医学科学院学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To analyze the clinical features of carotid-cavernous sinus fistulas (CCFs).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The medical records of 23 patients with CCFs, which was confirmed by conventional cerebral angiography, in Peking Union Medical College Hospital from January 1990 to October 2012 were retrospectively analyzed. Data including patient characteristics, clinical features on ophthalmic examination, neurological assessment, and imaging study were collected.The differences between the direct and the indirect CCFs were compared, and the reasons for misdiagnoses were analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Most patients were presented with ocular symptoms (78.3%). The most common signs were conjunctival injection or chemosis (78.3%), proptosis (69.6%), and ocular motor palsies (56.5%). There were 13 (56.5%) direct CCFs and 1 0(43.5%) indirect CCFs, and a history of encephalic trauma was more frequently reported among the former (61.5%) than the latter (10.0%); also, intracranial vascular murmur was more prevalent in patients with direct CCFs (69.2%vs.20.0%). Nine patients were misdiagnosed as other ocular diseases. Nonspecific clinical symptoms and signs such as chemosis, elevated intraocular pressure, and diplopia were the common causes of the misdiagnoses.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Misdiagnosis of CCFs remains common due to its diverse clinical manifestations.CCFs should be suspected in patients with refractory red eyes, intraocular pressure elevation, proptosis and/or ophthalmoplegia, and a detailed history-taking, careful physical examination, and adequate imaging may minimize the misdiagnosis.</p>

Research of the relationship of ubiquinone and beclin-1 and liver mitochondria / 中华实验和临床病毒学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study whether CO-Q10 can protect liver injury caused by acute on chronic liver failure (ACLF) by autophagy.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Rats were separated into three groups: control group, acute on chronic liver failure (ACLF) and intervenient group, liver tissues were observed by optical microscopy and electron microscopy. The levels of Beclin-1 expression were determined by real-time PCR. And Western Blot.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Areas of necrosis detected in intervenient group were alleviated than in ACLF significantly. Most mitochondrias had been degradated in ACLF group while alive in intervenient group. Real-time PCR and Western Blot revealed level of beclin-1 in ACLF was lower than control and intervenient group.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Intervenient group may ameliorate rat liver injury by promoting autophagy.</p>