Comparison on Rat Models of Acute Cerebral Infarction Due to Stasis Combined with Toxin Complicated with Cerebral-cardiac Syndrome / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo observe and compare the electrocardiogram index， myocardial morphology， and connexin 43 （Cx43） expression of two rat models of acute cerebral infarction （ACI） due to stasis combined with toxin complicated with cerebral-cardiac syndrome （CCS）， and to provide experimental evidence for the research on the occurrence mechanism of cardiac diseases induced by ACI and the clinical diagnosis and treatment of CCS. MethodSixty SPF-grade male SD rats were randomized into six groups （n=10）： normal ， syndrome of stasis combined with toxin induced by carrageenin combined with dry yeast （CA/Y）， multi-infarct induced by micro-embolism （ME）， middle cerebral artery occlusion （MCAO）， CA/Y+ME， and CA/Y+MCAO groups. The model of syndrome of stasis combined with toxin was established by intraperitoneal injection with carrageenan （CA） at 10 mg·kg-1 on the first day and subcutaneous injection with dry yeast （Y） suspension （2 mg·kg-1） on the second day of modeling. Twenty-four hours after the modeling of ACI， the electrocardiograms （ECGs） of rats in each group were collected and the number/percentage （%） of abnormal ECG was calculated. The infarct area of the brain was evaluated by 2，3，5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride （TTC） staining， and myocardial injury was assessed by hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining. Immumohistochemical staining and Western blot were employed to determine the expression of Cx43 in the myocardium. ResultA certain number of rats in each model group presented abnormal ECG. Compared with the normal group and CA/Y group， CA/Y+MCAO group had the highest rate of abnormal ECG （P<0.01）. Compared with the normal， CA/Y， ME， and CA/Y+ME groups， the CA/Y+ME and CA/Y+MCAO groups showed decreased amplitudes of P-wave and T-wave， shortened P-R interval， and extended Q-T interval， which were particularly obvious in the CA/Y+MCAO group （P<0.05， P<0.01） and in accordance with the cerebral infarction area and pathological changes. The expression of Cx43 was up-regulated in both CA/Y+ME and CA/Y+MCAO groups， especially in the CA/Y+MCAO group （P<0.01）. ConclusionThe two rat models of ACI due to stasis combined with toxin complicated with CCS can be used to study the mechanism of heart diseases caused by cerebrovascular diseases and the therapeutic effects of Chinese medicines with the functions of resolving stasis and detoxifying. Moreover， the CA/Y+MCAO method has higher abnormal electrocardiogram rate， severer myocardial pathological injury， and higher expression of Cx43 protein. The models can be chosen according to specific experimental purpose.

Mechanism of salvianolic acid B protecting H9C2 from OGD/R injury based on mitochondrial fission and fusion / 药学学报

This study aims to investigate the effect of salvianolic acid B (Sal B), the active ingredient of Salvia miltiorrhiza, on H9C2 cardiomyocytes injured by oxygen and glucose deprivation/reperfusion (OGD/R) through regulating mitochondrial fission and fusion. The process of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury was simulated by establishing OGD/R model. The cell proliferation and cytotoxicity detection kit (cell counting kit-8, CCK-8) was used to detect cell viability; the kit method was used to detect intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), total glutathione (t-GSH), nitric oxide (NO) content, protein expression levels of mitochondrial fission and fusion, apoptosis-related detection by Western blot. Mitochondrial permeability transition pore (MPTP) detection kit and Hoechst 33342 fluorescence was used to observe the opening level of MPTP, and molecular docking technology was used to determine the molecular target of Sal B. The results showed that relative to control group, OGD/R injury reduced cell viability, increased the content of ROS, decreased the content of t-GSH and NO. Furthermore, OGD/R injury increased the protein expression levels of dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1), mitofusions 2 (Mfn2), Bcl-2 associated X protein (Bax) and cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase 3 (caspase 3), and decreased the protein expression levels of Mfn1, increased MPTP opening level. Compared with the OGD/R group, it was observed that Sal B had a protective effect at concentrations ranging from 6.25 to 100 μmol·L-1. Sal B decreased the content of ROS, increased the content of t-GSH and NO, and Western blot showed that Sal B decreased the protein expression levels of Drp1, Mfn2, Bax and caspase 3, increased the protein expression level of Mfn1, and decreased the opening level of MPTP. In summary, Sal B may inhibit the opening of MPTP, reduce cell apoptosis and reduce OGD/R damage in H9C2 cells by regulating the balance of oxidation and anti-oxidation, mitochondrial fission and fusion, thereby providing a scientific basis for the use of Sal B in the treatment of myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury.

Shuangshen Ningxin Capsules Regulates Mitochondrial Fission and Fusion to Alleviate Myocardial Ischemia-reperfusion Injury in Rats / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo explore whether the mechanism of Shuangshen Ningxin capsules （SSNX） in alleviating myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury （MIRI） in rats is related to the regulation of mitochondrial fission and fusion. MethodThis study focused on Sprague Dawley （SD） rats and ligated the left anterior descending branch of the coronary artery to construct a rat model of MIRI. The rats were divided into the sham operation group， model group， SSNX group （90 mg·kg-1） and trimetazidine group （5.4 mg·kg-1）. The activity of superoxide dismutase （SOD） and the content of malondialdehyde （MDA） were detected by micro method. Changes in mitochondrial membrane potential （△Ψm） and the degree of mitochondrial permeability transition pore （mPTP） opening were detected by the chemical fluorescence method. The intracellular adenosine triphosphate （ATP） level was detected by the luciferase assay. The messenger ribonucleic acid （mRNA） and protein expression levels of mitochondrial fission and fusion related factors dynamin-related protein 1 （DRP1）， mitochondrial fission 1 protein （FIS1）， optic atrophy protein 1 （OPA1）， mitochondrial outer membrane fusion protein 1 （MFN1）， and MFN2 were detected by real-time polymerase chain reaction （real-time PCR） and Western blot. ResultCompared with the sham operation group， the model group showed a decrease in serum SOD activity and an increase in MDA content. The opening level of mPTP， the level of △Ψm and ATP content decreased， the protein expressions of mitochondrial fission factors DRP1 and FIS1 increased， and the protein expressions and mRNA transcription levels of fusion related factors OPA1 and MFN1 decreased. Compared with the model group，SSNX significantly increased serum SOD activity， reduced MDA content， increased intracellular ATP level and △Ψm， reduced the opening level of mPTP， downregulated the protein expressions of mitochondrial fission factors DRP1 and FIS1， and increased the mRNA transcription levels and protein expressions of fusion related factors OPA1 and MFN1. ConclusionSSNX inhibits the expressions of mitochondrial fission factors DRP1 and FIS1， and increases the expressions of fusion related factors OPA1 and MFN1， inhibiting mitochondrial fission and increasing mitochondrial fusion， thereby alleviating MIRI.

Mechanism of Ferroptosis in Myocardial Cells and Protective Effect of Traditional Chinese Medicine / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Ferroptosis is a new type of programmed cell death， characterized by iron overload and lipid peroxidation. Cardiovascular disease （CVD） is an ischemic or hemorrhagic disease of the heart caused by various factors， mainly including myocardial infarction， heart failure， etc. Ferroptosis is involved in the process of myocardial cell damage and plays a driving role in the progression of various CVDs. Its main mechanisms include the destruction of iron homeostasis， the production of reactive oxygen species， the disorder of the antioxidant system， mitochondrial membrane damage， endoplasmic reticulum stress， tumor suppressor gene p53， transcription factor Nrf2 pathway， etc. Myocardial injury is one of the causes of death in many patients with heart disease. Monomers or compounds of traditional Chinese medicine have shown good effects in the treatment of myocardial cell injury caused by ferroptosis， including baicalin protecting cardiac microvascular endothelial cells of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion （I/R） rats through intracellular phosphatidylinositol kinase/phosphokinase B/endothelial nitric oxide synthase （PI3K/Akt/eNOS） pathway， Aralia elata saponin inhibiting myocardial cell ferroptosis through glucocorticoid receptor/p53/solute carrier family 7 members 11 （NR3C1/p53/SLC7A11） pathway， Xinyang tablets improving oxidative stress by regulating phosphorylated serine/threonine protein kinase/stress-activated protein kinase/p53 （MLK3/JNK/p53） signaling pathway. It is of great significance to explore the mechanism of ferroptosis and the protective effect of related traditional Chinese medicine after myocardial cell injury. This article reviews the mechanism of ferroptosis and its relationship with myocardial cells， as well as traditional Chinese medicine monomers and formulas for treating CVDs through the ferroptosis pathway. The article focuses on the pathways and effects of traditional Chinese medicine treatment， so as to provide a reference for the treatment of CVDs with traditional Chinese medicine.

Application and prospect of natural active ingredients of traditional Chinese medicine in immunological adjuvant for influenza vaccine / 中国中药杂志

Vaccination is an effective method for preventing influenza, and adjuvants can enhance the immune response intensity and persistence of influenza vaccines. However, there are currently shortcomings in clinical adjuvant approvals, ineffectiveness against weak antigens, and a tendency to cause headaches. Therefore, the development of safe and effective novel adjuvants for influenza vaccines is particularly important to enhance vaccine immunogenicity and safety. Given the wide range of sources, high safety, and biodegradability of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM), some studies have described it as a vaccine adjuvant. This article reviewed the current status and challenges of influenza vaccine adjuvants, summarized the types of TCM adjuvants, the safety and immunomodulatory effects of natural active ingredients from TCM combined with influenza vaccines, the role of TCM adjuvants in antigen storage, antigen presentation capability, immune cells and cytokines, and immune responses, and analyzed the advantages and disadvantages of TCM adjuvants compared with small molecule adjuvants, with the aim of promoting the clinical development and commercialization of TCM adjuvants for influenza vaccines.

Effect and mechanism of Zuogui Pills on neural function recovery in ischemic stroke mice based on OPN/IGF-1/mTOR / 中国中药杂志

To explore the effect and mechanism of Zuogui Pills in promoting neural tissue recovery and functional recovery in mice with ischemic stroke. Male C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into a sham group, a model group, and low-, medium, and high-dose Zuogui Pills groups(3.5, 7, and 14 g·kg~(-1)), with 15 mice in each group. The ischemic stroke model was established using photochemical embolization. Stiker remove and irregular ladder walking behavioral tests were conducted before modeling and on days 7, 14, 21, and 28 after medication. Triphenyl tetrazolium chloride(TTC) staining was performed on day 3 after modeling, and T2-weighted imaging(T2WI) and diffusion-weighted imaging(DWI) were performed on day 28 after medication to evaluate the extent of brain injury. Hematoxylin-eosin(HE) staining was performed to observe the histology of the cerebral cortex. Axonal marker proteins myelin basic protein(MBP), growth-associated protein 43(GAP43), mammalian target of rapamycin(mTOR), and its downstream phosphorylated s6 ribosomal protein(p-S6), as well as mechanism-related proteins osteopontin(OPN) and insulin-like growth factor 1(IGF-1), were detected using immunofluorescence and Western blot. Zuogui Pills had a certain restorative effect on the neural function impairment caused by ischemic stroke in mice. TTC staining showed white infarct foci in the sensory-motor cortex area, and T2WI imaging revealed cystic necrosis in the sensory-motor cortex area. The Zuogui Pills groups showed less brain tissue damage, fewer scars, and more capillaries. The number of neuronal axons in those groups was higher than that in the model group, and neuronal activity was stronger. The expression of GAP43, OPN, IGF-1, and mTOR proteins in the Zuogui Pills groups was higher than that in the model group. In summary, Zuogui Pills can promote the recovery of neural function and axonal growth in mice with ischemic stroke, and its mechanism may be related to the activation of the OPN/IGF-1/mTOR signaling pathway.

18F-FDG PET/CT Prognostic Role in Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma Following Chemotherapy / 中山大学学报(医学科学版)

ObjectiveTo assess the prognostic value of 18F-FDG PET/CT parameters for predicting therapeutic response in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma （DLBCL）. MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed the clinical data and 18F-FDG PET/CT radiomics features of 81 DLBCL patients enrolled between June 2015 and October 2020. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to identify the predictive factors for therapeutic response of DLBCL， based on which a predictive model was developed accordingly. The performance of the model was evaluated by receiver operating characteristic （ROC） curves and calibration plots. ResultsDuring the two years after first chemotherapy， 23 patients （28.3%） developed relapse and 58 patients （71.7%） had progression-free survival （PFS）. The analysis for the predictive capability of the binary logistic regression model incorporating the PET/CT features revealed that the imaging features of 18F-FDG PET/CT after chemotherapy were independent prognostic factors for PFS. Among them， SUVTHR-mean2 was the most important factor for predicting therapeutic response in DLBCL patients after chemotherapy， with a cutoff value of 2.00 （AUC=0.81）. Conclusions18F-FDG PET/CT showed a valuable prognostic performance for PFS in DLBCL patients after chemotherapy， with the imaging feature after chemotherapy SUVTLR-mean2 being the optimal independent predictor. Our predictive model of imaging features might have an important prognostic value in assessing the risk of disease progression， guiding the treatment and follow-up protocol， improving therapeutic efficiency and cutting down the medical cost.

Cloning and expression analysis of ANR genes from different species of Lonicera japonica Thunb / 药学学报

Anthocyanidin reductase (ANR) is one of the key enzyme in the flavonoid biosynthetic pathway, and its catalytic activity is important for the synthesis of plant anthocyanin. In this study, specific primers were designed according to the transcriptome data of Lonicera japonica Thunb., and the CDS, gDNA and promoter sequences of ANR genes from Lonicera japonica Thunb. and Lonicera japonica Thunb. var. chinensis (Wats.) Bak. were cloned. The results showed that the CDS sequences of LjANR and rLjANR were 1 002 bp, the gDNA sequences were 2 017 and 2 026 bp respectively, and the promoter sequences were 1 170 and 1 164 bp respectively. LjANR and rLjANR both contain 6 exons and 5 introns, which have the same length of exons and large differences in introns. The promoter sequences both contain a large number of light response, hormone response and abiotic stress response elements. Bioinformatics analysis showed that both LjANR and rLjANR encoded 333 amino acids and were predicted to be stable hydrophobic proteins without transmembrane segments and signal peptides. The secondary structures of LjANR and rLjANR were predicted to be mainly consisted of α-helix and random coil. Sequence alignment and phylogenetic analysis showed that LjANR and rLjANR had high homology with Actinidia chinensis var. chinensis, Camellia sinensis and Camellia oleifera, and were closely related to them. The expression levels of LjANR and rLjANR were the highest in flower buds and the lowest in roots. The expression patterns at different flowering stages were similar, with higher expression levels in S1 and S2 stages and then gradually decreased until reaching the lowest level in S4 stage, after a slow increase in S5 stage, the expression levels decreased again. The expression levels of ANR genes in the two varieties showed significant differences in roots, S2 and S5 stages, while the differences in stems, flower buds, S1, S3 and S6 stages were extremely significant. The prokaryotic expression vector pET-32a-LjANR was constructed for protein expression. The target protein was successfully expressed of about 59 kD. This study lays a foundation for further study on the function of ANR gene and provides theoretical guidance for breeding new varieties of Lonicera japonica Thunb.

Study on the social support level of family doctor team members of primary medical and health care institutions in Tai′an city / 中华医院管理杂志

Objective:To compare the social support levels as understood by family doctor team members in township hospitals/community health centers, and village clinics/community clinics, and their influencing factors, in order to provide reference for improving the work status of family doctor team members and enhancing the quality of family doctors′ contracted services.Methods:A multi-stage random cluster sampling method was used to sample medical workers from contracted family doctor teams in township hospitals/community health centers and their subordinate village clinics/community clinics in 6 counties (cities, districts) of Tai′an city, Shandong province. In August 2020, a questionnaire survey was conducted on the perceived level of social support among family doctor team members using the perceived social support scale. Descriptive analysis was conducted on the data, and independent sample t-tests and one-way ANOVA were used to conduct univariate analysis on the influencing factors of perceived social support scores of family doctor team members at different levels, while multiple linear regression analysis was used to conduct multivariate analysis. Results:A total of 765 valid questionnaires were collected, with 203 and 562 from township hospitals/community health centers and village clinics/community clinics, respectively. The total perceived social support scores of family doctor team members in township hospitals/community health centers and village clinics/community clinics were (65.56±10.29) and (67.31±10.14), respectively, featuring statistically significant differences ( t=-2.11, P<0.05). In-mirage marital status ( β=0.18, P=0.008), good/very good self-rated health status ( β= 0.25, P=0.048), participation of work-related training within one year ( β=0.17, P=0.010), relatively satisfied/very satisfied for job promotion ( β= 0.17, P=0.046), as well as above/far above average self-rated economic status as ( β=-0.15, P=0.027), were the influencing factor on the perceived social support scores of family doctor team members in township hospitals/community health centers. In-marriage marital status ( β= 0.12, P=0.002), good/very good self-rated health status ( β=0.14, P=0.026), junior or intermediate level or above professional title ( β=-0.11, P=0.003; β=-0.10, P=0.006), participation of work-related training within one year ( β= 0.14, P<0.001), and relatively satisfied/very satisfied for job promotion ( β= 0.16, P<0.001) were the influencing factors on the perceived social support scores of family doctor team members in village clinics/community clinics. Conclusions:Members of the family doctor teams in primary medical institutions in Tai′an city had a higher level of understanding of social support. There were differences in the social support levels of family doctor team members between the two levels of primary medical and health care institutions, and the influencing factors were not completely consistent. Targeted measures should be taken based on specific circumstances to enable them to better receive and perceive support from family and friends, and to improve the quality of family doctors′ contracted services.

Comparison between white light endoscopy and narrow-band imaging endoscopy in predicting histological healing of ulcerative colitis in remission / 中华消化内镜杂志

Objective:To investigate the predictive value of mucosal vascular pattern (MVP) under narrow-band imaging (NBI) enteroscopy in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) in clinical remission for histological healing and clinical recurrence.Methods:A total of 142 patients with UC in clinical remission who visited the First Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University from January 2018 to January 2021 were included in the study and underwent colonoscopy. The white light and NBI endoscopic images were collected and biopsies were obtained. The Mayo endoscopic score (MES) was calculated based on white light images, and MVP staging was evaluated based on mucosal vascular patterns under NBI. Nancy index (NI) was used to evaluate histological healing and patients were followed up for 1 year. The Spearman correlation coefficients of MES and MVP with histological healing and recurrence were calculated. The receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve was plotted and the area under curve (AUC) was applied to evaluate the accuracy of white light and NBI endoscopy for predicting histological healing of UC in clinical remission.Results:According to the MVP criteria, 47 were defined as clear, 63 blurred, and 32 invisible. Spearman correlation analysis showed a significant correlation between MVP under NBI and histological healing ( r=0.549, P<0.001) and a moderate correlation between MES under white light and histological healing ( r=0.462, P<0.001). Spearman correlation analysis showed a moderate correlation between MVP under NBI and clinical recurrence ( r=0.451, P<0.001) and a moderate correlation between MES under white light and clinical recurrence ( r=0.352, P<0.001). AUC of NBI for diagnosing histological healing of UC in clinical remission was 0.809 (95% CI: 0.738-0.879), with a sensitivity of 84.6% (77/91) and specificity of 64.7% (33/51), superior to the white light endoscopy, of which AUC, sensitivity and specificity were 0.763 (95% CI: 0.678-0.848), 81.3% (74/91) and 66.7% (34/51). Conclusion:MVP staging under NBI could predict histological healing of UC patients in clinical remission and is superior to white light endoscopy.

Analysis of correlation between nutritional status and frailty and sarcopenia in geriatric patients planning to receive major hepatopancreatobiliary surgery / 中华临床营养杂志

Objective:To analyze the correlation between nutritional status and frailty and sarcopenia in geriatric inpatients (GIPs) planning to receive major hepatopancreatobiliary (HPB) surgery.Methods:From December, 2020 to September, 2022, GIPs who were planning to receive major HPB surgery were recruited. Nutritional assessment was performed using nutritional risk screening 2002 (NRS-2002) and Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) criteria. Frailty and sarcopenia assessment were performed using Fried frailty phenotype (FFP) and Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia (AWGS) 2019 consensus on sarcopenia diagnosis and treatment. The prevalence and concurrence of malnutrition, frailty and sarcopenia were investigated, and the correlation between nutritional status and frailty and sarcopenia was analyzed.Results:A total of 144 participants at the mean age of (70.10±7.44) years were included. The prevalence of nutritional risk, malnutrition, and severe malnutrition were 73.6% ( n ?=?106), 68.1% ( n ?=?98), and 34.7% ( n ?=?50) respectively. The prevalence of frailty was 20.8% ( n ?=?30) and that of sarcopenia was 35.4% ( n ?=?51). The prevalence of severe malnutrition increased significantly in older participants and the prevalence of nutritional risk, malnutrition and severe malnutrition decreased significantly with higher BMI. The prevalence was 35.4% (51/144) for concurrent sarcopenia and malnutrition, 19.4% (28/144) for frailty and malnutrition, 14.6% (21/144) for sarcopenia and weakness, and 14.6% (21/144) for sarcopenia, malnutrition, and weakness. There was a positive correlation between nutritional risk and frailty ( r = 0.603, P < 0.001). The risk of pre-frailty and frailty in the nutritional risk group was higher than that in the non-nutritional risk group ( χ 2 = 31.830, P < 0.001). The risk of pre-frailty and frailty in the malnutrition group was higher than that in the normal nutrition group ( χ 2 = 36.727, P < 0.001). Logistic regression analysis showed that the risk of frailty in patients with severe malnutrition was 12.303 times higher than that in patients with normal nutrition status (95% CI: 2.592 to 58.409, P = 0.002). The risk of sarcopenia in the nutritional risk group was higher than that in the non-nutritional risk group ( χ 2 = 13.982, P < 0.001). The risk of sarcopenia in the malnutrition group was higher than that in the normal nutrition group ( χ 2 = 37.066, P < 0.001). Conclusions:The prevalence and concurrence rate of malnutrition, frailty, and sarcopenia are high in GIPs undergoing major HPB surgery. GIPs with malnutrition are susceptible to frailty.

Relationship between thyroid hormone level and obesity related indices in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus / 中国基层医药

Objective:To investigate the relationship between serum thyroid hormone levels in the normal range and body weight, blood glucose, blood lipids, and other obesity-related indexes in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.Methods:Seventy obese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and ninety-two patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus with normal weight who were treated in the Nangang Branch of Heilongjiang Provincial Hospital from May 2020 to May 2021 were included in this study. Thyroid-stimulating hormone level was in the normal range (0.35-4.94 mU/L) in all participants. Serum levels of free triiodothyronine, free thyroxine, thyroid-stimulating hormone, thyroid peroxidase antibody, thyroglobulin antibody, triglyceride, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, fasting blood glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin, fasting C peptide, fasting insulin, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and serum uric acid were measured in all participants.Results:Free triiodothyronine level was positively correlated with fasting blood glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin levels ( r = 0.19, P = 0.021; r = 0.21, P = 0.017). Free thyroxine level was positively correlated with serum glycosylated hemoglobin level ( r = 0.25, P = 0.009) and negatively correlated with total cholesterol ( r = -0.17, P = 0.029). Thyroid-stimulating hormone level was positively correlated with body mass index as well as total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels ( r = 0.33, P < 0.001; r = 0.33, P < 0.001; r = 0.32, P < 0.001). Conclusion:Thyroid hormones in the normal range play an important role in the regulation of body weight, blood glucose, and blood lipids in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Blood glucose level increases markedly in patients with relatively high free triiodothyronine and free thyroxine levels. The risks of obesity and dyslipidemia increase in patients with relatively high serum thyroid-stimulating hormone levels

Investigation of iodine nutritional status of children aged 8 to 10 years in Xiamen City from 2017 to 2019 / 中华地方病学杂志

Objective:To learn about the iodine nutritional status of children aged 8 to 10 years in Xiamen City after the reform of salt industry system, and to provide scientific basis for reasonable prevention and control of iodine deficiency disorders.Methods:From 2017 to 2019, 6 districts were selected each year in Xiamen City 5 sampling districts were divided according to the oriation of east, west, south, north and center in each district. One town (street, hereinafter refered as to town) was selected from each sampling district. One primary school was selected from each town. For each primary school, at least 40 non-boarding children aged 8 to 10 years (age balanced, half male and half female) were selected. Edible salt samples in the households and random urine samples of children aged 8 to 10 years were collected, and salt iodine and urinary iodine contents were measured, while thyroid volume was examined by B-ultrasound.Results:From 2017 to 2019, the coverage rate of iodized salt in Xiamen City was 97.34% (1 206/1 239), 96.89% (1 214/1 253), and 93.33% (1 175/1 259), respectively; the consumption rate of qualified iodized salt was 96.13% (1 191/1 239), 95.61% (1 198/1 253), and 91.58% (1 153/1 259), respectively; the median urinary iodine was 182.90, 182.81, 164.00 μg/L, respectively. The prevalence of goiter of boys and girls was 1.01% (19/1 889) and 2.26% (42/1 862), respectively.Conclusions:After the reform of salt industry system, the iodine nutritional status of children aged 8 to 10 years is generally at an appropriate level in Xiamen City. However, the consumption rate of qualified iodized salt is reduced, which increases the risk of iodine deficiency for residents. Therefore, we should strengthen the propaganda of scientific iodine supplement, maintain a high consumption rate of qualified iodized salt, and prevent the harm of iodine deficiency.

Ecological construction of ESP curriculum system in medical schools under perspective of learning science / 中华医学教育探索杂志

English for specific purpose (ESP) courses for the postgraduates in medical schools have both physical and social attributes, with emphasis to improve practical language learning of medical specialties. It's an effective way to develop the English language application ability of high-level medical college students by constructing an ESP teaching and learning ecological system with professional and social contextual characteristics. In this study, through design-based implementation research, scenario simulation class was designed and implemented to accomplish task-based language teaching and learning. Further discussions on how to integrate blended and interrelated classes, on how to define combined and interactive teachers' role were explored. Based on the teaching and learning practices, organically combining the innovative curriculum concept with the construction of ESP ecological system effectively directs the practical application of the ESP class under the perspective of learning science, and verifies the feasibility of the ecological construction of ESP curriculum system.

Analysis of the feasibility of measurements and characteristics of intraocular lens tilt using swept-source optical coherence tomography biometer / 中华实验眼科杂志

Objective:To evaluate the feasibility of measurement and characteristics of intraocular lens (IOL) tilt using the swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT) biometer (IOLMaster 700) and to explore its potentially relevant parameters.Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted.Two hundred and forty-two eyes (119 right eyes, 123 left eyes) of 185 patients after phacoemulsification and IOL implantation were included in Beijing Tongren Hospital from July to September 2018.The IOL position, angle κ, angle α, corneal curvature, anterior chamber depth (ACD), pupil diameter (PD), and axial length (AL) were obtained by IOLMaster 700, and the IOL tilt direction and magnitude were calculated.The within-subject standard deviation and intraclass correlation coefficient were used to evaluate the repeatability of three IOL tilt measurements.Binocular symmetry of IOL tilt and the correlation between IOL tilt and different influencing factors were evaluated by Pearson linear correlation analysis or Spearman rank correlation analysis.Influencing factors for IOL tilt were assessed by multiple linear regression analysis.This study adhered to the Declaration of Helsinki.The study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University (No.TRECKY2018-049). Patients were informed of the purpose and methods of this study and signed the written informed consent.Results:The repeatability of IOL tilt measurements was excellent with a within-subject standard deviation of 5.16° for IOL tilt direction and 0.13° for IOL tilt magnitude.IOL tilt was mirror symmetric in both eyes.The IOL tilt direction in right eyes ranged from -89.60° to 87.53° with a mean of (18.85±29.65)°, and the tilt magnitude ranged from 1.32° to 7.05° with a mean of (4.16±1.26)°.The IOL tilt direction in left eyes ranged from -84.30° to 89.44° with a mean of (21.17±32.38)°, and the tilt magnitude ranged from 0.58° to 7.40° with a mean of (3.80±1.31)°.There were moderate and weak positive correlations of IOL tilt direction and tilt magnitude between both eyes ( r=0.473, P<0.001; r=0.335, P=0.011). IOL tilt magnitude was weakly positively correlated with angle α and IOL diopter ( rs=0.272, P=0.003; r=0.285, P=0.002), and was weakly negatively correlated with ACD, PD and AL ( r=-0.303, P=0.001; r=-0.233, P=0.011; rs=-0.331, P<0.001). In backward stepwise regression analysis, the regression equation of IOL tilt magnitude, angle α, ACD, PD, AL and IOL diopter in multiple linear regression analysis was as follows: IOL tilt magnitude=10.503+ 1.456×angle α-0.532×ACD-0.196×AL ( R2=0.400; F=8.588, P<0.001). Conclusions:The SS-OCT biometer can be an effective method to assess IOL tilt.IOL tilt is mirror symmetric between the right eyes and left eyes.

Study on the anti-inflammatory and analgesic pharmacodynamics of Zhonghua Dida Pill and its effect on inflammation in arthritis model rats / 国际中医中药杂志

Objective:To investigate the anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of Zhonghua Dieda Pills; To preliminarily explore its mechanism on adjuvant arthritis model rats.Methods:Three inflammatory models and two pain models were used to investigate the anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of Zhonghua Dieda Pills. After establishing the adjuvant arthritis rat model, the rats were divided into normal group, model group, dexamethasone group (0.8 mg/kg), and Zhonghua Dieda Pills (2.0, 1.0, 0.5 g/kg) groups according to random number table method. Each group was given corresponding drugs once a day for 5 weeks. The toe volume was measured at 1, 3 and 5 weeks after administration, and the swelling degree was calculated; the organ indices of rats were calculated and the histopathological changes of articular cartilage were observed by HE staining; the expressions of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) in joint tissues were detected by immunohistochemistry.Results:Zhonghua Dieda Pills (2.0 g/kg) group significantly reduced the swelling of foot and plantar of rats, reduced the swelling of ear of mice, and reduced the dry weight of granuloma of rats ( P<0.05); Zhonghua Dieda Pills (1.4 g/kg) group significantly reduced the number of twisting of rats, and the pain threshold after 3 h of administration was significantly higher than that of the control group ( P<0.05); Zhonghua Dieda Pills (2.0 g/kg) group significantly reduced the swelling of the foot and metatarsal of arthritic rats after 3-5 weeks of administration ( P<0.05), decreased the thymus index ( P<0.05), and reduced the expression levels of IL-1β, TNF-α and TGF-β in joint tissues ( P<0.05). Conclusion:Zhonghua Dieda Pills have confirmed anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects, which may play a therapeutic role in adjuvant arthritis model rats by reducing the levels of inflammatory factors such as IL-1β, TNF-α and TGF-β.

Automated Classification of Inherited Retinal Diseases in Optical Coherence Tomography Images Using Few-shot Learning / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

OBJECTIVE@#To develop a few-shot learning (FSL) approach for classifying optical coherence tomography (OCT) images in patients with inherited retinal disorders (IRDs).@*METHODS@#In this study, an FSL model based on a student-teacher learning framework was designed to classify images. 2,317 images from 189 participants were included. Of these, 1,126 images revealed IRDs, 533 were normal samples, and 658 were control samples.@*RESULTS@#The FSL model achieved a total accuracy of 0.974-0.983, total sensitivity of 0.934-0.957, total specificity of 0.984-0.990, and total F1 score of 0.935-0.957, which were superior to the total accuracy of the baseline model of 0.943-0.954, total sensitivity of 0.866-0.886, total specificity of 0.962-0.971, and total F1 score of 0.859-0.885. The performance of most subclassifications also exhibited advantages. Moreover, the FSL model had a higher area under curves (AUC) of the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves in most subclassifications.@*CONCLUSION@#This study demonstrates the effective use of the FSL model for the classification of OCT images from patients with IRDs, normal, and control participants with a smaller volume of data. The general principle and similar network architectures can also be applied to other retinal diseases with a low prevalence.

Qualitative systematic review of the safety and feasibility of early mobilization in critically ill patients with femoral catheters / 中国胸心血管外科临床杂志

@#Objective    To investigate the safety and feasibility of early mobilization in critically ill patients with femoral catheters, and to provide reference for guiding clinical rehabilitation training. Methods    The literature on the safety and feasibility of early mobilization in critically ill patients with femoral catheters included in PubMed, EMbase, OVID, Springer-link, Wiley Online Library, and Web of Science up to June 2021 was searched, and relevant data were extracted for analysis. Results    Seventy-two papers were initially screened, and 12 papers that met the criteria were finally included, covering 1 056 patients, and 489 patients had femoral catheters. Patients underwent 6 495 sessions of physical therapy, and a total of 62 patients had adverse events, including 14 (2.86%, 14/489) patients with catheter-related adverse events. Conclusion    Although early mobilization in critically ill patients with femoral catheters may lead to adverse catheter-related events, the incidence is low. Therefore, the associated risks and benefits should be weighed in clinical practice, and femoral catheter is not recommended as a contraindication for early mobilization in critically ill patients.

Prenatal Diagnosis of 18q Deletion Syndrome / 中山大学学报(医学科学版)

ObjectiveTo explore the prenatal diagnostic methods of 18q deletion syndrome and improve understanding on the value of non-invasive prenatal testing （NIPT） in prenatal diagnosis of 18q deletion syndrome. Methods18q deletion syndrome was detected by conventional methods such as serological screening， ultrasonic imaging examination， chromosome karyotype analyses of both amniotic fluid cells and parental peripheral blood， and molecular biological techniques including NIPT， chromosomal microarray analysis （CMA） and copy number variation sequencing （CNV-Seq）. Genetic counseling was conducted based on these examination results. ResultsNIPT identified a 24 MB deletion on the chromosome 18 which contained 17 genes including BCL2 by karyotype analysis of amniotic fluid cells and CMA. Further ultrasonic imaging examination confirmed the diagnosis of 18q deletion syndrome and karyotype analysis of parental peripheral blood revealed a de novo deletion mutation. ConclusionsInterventional prenatal diagnosis is an integral standard for the diagnosis of 18q deletion syndrome. NIPT， as an important screening test in middle pregnancy， can indicate the early possible chromosome segment deletion and reduce the time and economic cost when no abnormality is found in ultrasonic imaging.

Proteomics reveals the protective mechanism of salvianolate injection on early hyperacute myocardial infarction / 药学学报

The hyperacute stage of myocardial infarction refers to a period of time within 30 minutes after the occurrence of myocardial infarction, when the symptoms are not obvious and the diagnosis is difficult, and the related pathophysiological mechanism has received less attention. In this study, proteomics was used to investigate the pathological changes in the early hyperacute phase of myocardial infarction, aiming to provide experimental evidence for pathological mechanism of myocardial infarction hyperacute stage. Meanwhile, the intervention effect and related mechanism of salvianolate injection were discussed based on heat shock protein B6 (HSPB6), aiming to benefit the clinical rational use of salvianolate injection. The protein expression changes before and after myocardial infarction model establishment were detected by label-free proteomics via mass spectrometry and analyzed by bioinformatics method. Then the binding effect of salvianolate injection on the commonly differential protein HSPB6 was evaluated by molecular docking technology, which was finally verified by animal experiments. All animal experimental protocols were approved by the Ethics Committee of Xiyuan Hosptial (2022XLC041). The results of this study showed that a total of 2 166 proteins were quantified by lable-free proteomics, of which 194 shared differential proteins were involved in myocardial injury and body regulation in the hyperacute phase of myocardial infarction, mainly involving molecular functions such as protein homodimerization activity, oxygen binding and transport, and serine endopeptidase inhibitor activity. Among them, HSPB6 protein is involved in the regulation of myocardial function. Molecular docking results indicated that magnesium salvianolate acetate, which is the main component of salvianolate injection, had the lowest binding energy with HSPB6 protein: -14.53 kcal·mol-1. Animal experiments showed that compared with the Sham group, the model group had significantly lower ejection fraction (EF) and fractional shortening (FS) (P < 0.001), cardiac blood perfusion decreased significantly (P < 0.001). There were obvious pathological changes such as myocardial fiber disorder, cardiomyocyte edema and interstitial small blood vessel congestion; the injury of cardiac function of rats in the administration group was attenuated, and the FS of rats in the low-dose group was significantly improved (P < 0.05), the pathological injury of myocardial tissue was markedly mitigated, and the expression of HSPB6 protein was up-regulated to varying degrees (P < 0.01, P < 0.001). In conclusion, salvianolate injection could be able to improve the cardiac function and pathological morphology of rats in the early hyperacute stage of myocardial infarction, and its mechanism may be related to the promotion of expression of HSPB6.