Detection of Exogenous γ-Hydroxybutyric Acid in Rat Blood Exosomes / 法医学杂志

OBJECTIVES@#To find a method to distinguish exogenous gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB) from endogenous GHB by establishing ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS) based on exosome for quantitative detection of GHB in the rat blood.@*METHODS@#Adult male SD rats were divided into 1 h, 5 h, 10 h administration group and control group. After 1 h, 5 h and 10 h of single precursor of GHB gamma-butyrolactone (GBL) intraperitoneal injection in administration groups, 5 mL blood was collected from the abdominal aorta. Meanwhile, the control group was given a same dose of normal saline, and 5 mL blood was collected at 1 h. Among the 5 mL blood, 0.5 mL was directly detected by HPLC-MS after pretreatment, and exosomes were extracted from the remaining blood by differential centrifugation and detected.@*RESULTS@#The concentration of GHB in the control group was (87.36±33.48) ng/mL, and the concentration with administration at 1 h, 5 h and 10 h was (110 400.00±1 766.35) ng/mL, (1 479.00±687.01) ng/mL and (133.60±12.17) ng/mL, respectively. The results of exosome detection showed that no peak GHB signal was detected in the control group and the 10 h administration group, and the concentrations of GHB at 1 h and 5 h administration groups were (91.47±33.44) ng/mL and (49.43±7.05) ng/mL, respectively.@*CONCLUSIONS@#GHB was detected in blood exosome by UPLC-MS, which indicated that exogenous GHB could be detected in plasma exosomes, while endogenous GHB could not be detected, suggesting that this method may be used as a basis to determine whether there is exogenous drug intake.

Genes associated with Wolbachia-induced cytoplasmic incompatibility in natural populations of Culex pipiens pallens: a preliminary study / 中国血吸虫病防治杂志

Objective To investigate the genes involved in Wolbachia-induced cytoplasmic incompatibility among three natural populations of Culex pipiens pallens in eastern China, so as to provide insights into the development of preventive and control measures for mosquito-borne diseases based on Wolbachia. Methods The cytoplasmic incompatibility was tested among three natural populations of C. pipiens pallens collected from Nanjing and Wuxi of Jiangsu Province and Tangkou of Shandong Province using reciprocal crosses. Wolbachia infection was detected in C. pipiens pallens using a PCR assay, and the expression of Wolbachia wsp and WD0513 genes was quantified using a fluorescent quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) assay. Results Bidirectional compatibility was found between the natural populations of C. pipiens pallens collected from Nanjing and Wuxi of Jiangsu Province (t = 0.57 and 0.15, both P values > 0.05), while bidirectional incompatibility was seen between the natural populations of C. pipiens pallens collected from Tangkou of Shandong Province and Wuxi of Jiangsu Province (t = 63.81 and 43.51, both P values < 0.01), and between the natural populations of C. pipiens pallens collected from Nanjing of Jiangsu Province and Tangkou of Shandong Province (t = 39.62 and 43.12, both P values < 0.01). Wolbachia wsp gene was amplified in all three natural populations of C. pipiens pallens, and qPCR assay detected no significant difference in the Wolbachia wsp gene expression among the three natural populations of C. pipiens pallens (F = 2.15, P > 0.05). In addition, there was no significant difference in the WD0513 gene expression between the natural populations of C. pipiens pallens collected from Tangkou of Shandong Province and Nanjing of Jiangsu Province (q = 8.42, P < 0.05) or between the natural populations of C. pipiens pallens collected from Tangkou of Shandong Province and Wuxi of Jiangsu Province (q = 7.84, P < 0.05); however, there was a significant difference detected in the WD0513 gene expression between the natural populations of C. pipiens pallens collected from Nanjing and Wuxi of Jiangsu Province (q = 0.40, P > 0.05). Conclusions Different Wolbachia numbers are detected in natural populations of C. pipiens pallens collected from Nanjing and Wuxi of Jiangsu Province and Tangkou of Shandong Province, and WD0513 gene may be involved in the Wolbachia-induced cytoplasmic incompatibility among three natural populations of C. pipiens pallens.

MiRNA-148a promotes the differentiation of human induced pluripotent stem cells into cardiomyocyte-like cells / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND: Studies have shown that miRNA-148a can promote human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells to differentiate into mature cardiomyocyte-like cells, but the effect of miRNA-148a on the differentiation of human induced pluripotent stem cells into cardiomyocyte-like cells has not been reported. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of miRNA-148a on the differentiation of human induced pluripotent stem cells into cardiomyocyte-like cells. METHODS: Human induced pluripotent stem cells differentiating into cardiomyocyte-like cells were divided into three groups. Cells in the control group were not treated. Cells in the low expression group were treated with miRNA-148a for 28 days, and those in the high expression group were treated with mimics of miRNA-148a for 28 days. In addition, human induced pluripotent stem cells cultured for 28 days were taken as the blank control group. CCK-8 was used to detect cell proliferation activity. qRT-PCR was used to detect the expression of miRNA-148a. Immunofluorescence staining and western blot analysis were performed to detect the expression of MHC and cTnT protein. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The expression of intracellular miR-148a mRNA and cell proliferation activity in the low expression group were lower than those in the blank control and control groups, while those in the high expression group were significantly higher than those in the other three groups (P < 0.01). There were no positive expression of MHC and cTnT in the blank control group. There were positive expressions of MHC and cTnT in the control, low expression and high expression groups. The expression of MHC and cTnT protein in the low expression group was significantly lower than that in the control group, and that in the high expression group was significantly higher than that in the other three groups (P < 0.01). These results suggest that miRNA-148a can promote the differentiation of human induced pluripotent stem cells into cardiomyocyte-like cells.

Study on insecticide resistance of Culex pipiens pallens in southwest region of Shandong Province / 中国血吸虫病防治杂志

Objective To explore the sensitivity of Culex pipiens pallens to common chemical insecticides in the southwestern region of Shandong Province, so as to provide a theoretical basis for the development of reasonable and effective mosquito control measures. Methods The resistance of Cx. pipiens pallens larvae to 5 chemical insecticides, such as cypermethrin, deltamethrin, DDVP, propoxur, and acetofenate were tested by using the WHO biological test method in 2018, and the co-toxicity coefficients after compounding the above-mentioned insecticides were tested by using a drug compounding method. Results The resistance indexes of Cx. pipiens pallens to cypermethrin, deltamethrin, DDVP, propoxur, and acetofenate in 3 cities were 144.43–557.54, 118.17–445.33, 6.44–19.00, 2.37–8.10, and 0.88–2.98, respectively, and expect the difference between the DDVP resistances of Cx. pipiens pallens in Jining City and Heze City was not statistically significant (P > 0.05), all the other differences were statistically significant (all P < 0.05). The synergistic coefficients of cypermethrin + DDVP, cypermethrin + propoxur, DDVP + acetofenate, and propoxur + acetofenate were 199.58 – 456.95, 190.56 – 292.37, 123.32 – 319.24, and 192.31 – 367.32, respectively. The lower synergism was observed by using the mixture of DDVP + propoxur (synergistic coefficient: 99.87–108.36) . Conclusions After decades of chemical control, Cx. pipiens pallens in the southwestern region of Shandong Province has produced different degrees of resistance to common chemical insecticides. Therefore, comprehensive control measures should be taken to control mosquito breeding and prevent the development of insecticide resistance.

Analysis of population genetic diversity of mosquitoes from Shandong Provincebased on mitochondrial DNA cytochrome oxidase subunit Ⅰgene fragment / 中国血吸虫病防治杂志

Objective To explore the characteristics of gene sequence of mtDNA-COⅠof Culex pipiens pallens from differ-ent geographical regions in Shandong Province and different resistant strains from the lab and five common mosquito species, and analyze the genetic diversity of these mosquitoes.Methods Adult mosquitoes were collected from Jinan,Jining,Qingdao cities and other places in Shandong Province.The sensitive,dichlorvos-resistant,pyrethroid-resistant and propoxur-resistant strains were reared in the lab.Five species of mosquito(Cx.pipiens pallens,Cx.tritaeniorhynchus,Anopheles sinensis,Aedes al-bopictus,and Armigeres subalbatus)were collected from Jining City and identified in the lab.mtDNA-COⅠwas specifically am-plified by PCR and sequenced.The gene sequences were compared and analyzed by the biological information systems,and the phylogenetic tree was constructed.Results The amplified mtDNA-COⅠfragments of Cx.pipiens pallens from eight different cit-ies and four different resistant strains were 528 bp in length,with 67.4% A+T contents and two mutation sites.The nucleotide se-quence homology among the different geographic strains was 99.95% and the gene sequences of the four resistant strains were the same,showing a high homogeny.The amplified mtDNA-COⅠfragments of the five species of mosquitoes were 528 bp with 408 conserved sites,120 variable sites,42 parsimony informative sites and 78 singleton sites. The A+T contents were between 65.7% and 68.0%.The nucleotide sequence homology among the different mosquito species was between 86.17% and 92.05%,and the molecular identification was consistent with the traditional morphological identification. The molecular phylogenetic study showed that the different species were clustered at their own branch at the species and genus levels,while genera Armiger-es was distantly related to the others.Conclusion mtDNA-COⅠcould not serve as the molecular marker to analyze the popula-tion genetic variation and phylogenesis of Cx.pipiens pallens from different geographical regions and different resistant strains, but it has species and genus specificities,which could be used for the identification of the mosquito species and genus.

Research progress of macrophage autophagy in atherosclerosis / 基础医学与临床

Autophagy is a self-protecting cell catabolic pathway. That macrophages involved in lipid metabolism dis-orders are the basis of atherosclerotic lesions. Autophagy plays an important role in the inhibition of inflammation and apoptosis and the promotion of cholesterol efflux. The macrophage autophagy can promote lipid metabolism, re-duce the formation of foam cells and inflammation signal, thereby inhibit atherosclerosis. Induction of macrophage autophagy may have potential significance in the treatment of atherosclerosis.

Epidemiological analysis of 133 malaria cases in Shanxian county, Shandong Province, China

Objective To conduct an analysis of the epidemiological changes in malaria that have occurred in Shanxian county from 2002 to 2016. Methods A retrospective study was conducted and data were collected from web-based reporting system to explore the epidemiological characteristics in Shanxian county from 2002 to 2016. All individual case information was obtained from village malaria servicers organized by the local Shandong Institute of Parasitic Diseases. Results A total of 133 cases were identified as malaria in Shanxian county during this period, including 124 indigenous cases (93.2%) and 9 imported cases (6.8%). The 124 indigenous malaria cases were infected with Plasmodium vivax (P. vivax), whereas 7 of the 9 confirmed imported cases were infected with Plasmodium falciparum (P. falciparum), 1 was infected with Plasmodium ovale (P. ovale) and 1 patient was infected with P. falciparum mixed with P. vivax. The total number of malaria cases included 86 males (64.7%) and 47 females (35.3%). Age of the patients ranged from 1 to 83 years, although most (64.7%) infections occurred in the 21-to 60-year-old age group. Remarkably, 117 of the total malaria cases (98.0%) were reported from 2006 to 2011. The epidemic season was from June to October, with the peak occurring yearly from July to September. The most common occupation of the infected patients was farmer. In total, 58.1% of the cases occurred in 3 townships, namely, Fugang, Huanggang and Caozhuang. Conclusions In Shanxian county, the local malaria incidence experienced an emerge-peak-control-eliminate status. However, due to the numbers of migrant labourers returning from Africa, imported cases were continuous and presented an increasing annual trend, which became a non-negligible and a significant impediment for malaria elimination. Therefore, the need to eliminate instances of malaria reintroduction to receptive malaria-free areas should drive strategies to align with the epidemiological changes.

Epidemiological analysis of 133 malaria cases in Shanxian county, Shandong Province, China

OBJECTIVE@#To conduct an analysis of the epidemiological changes in malaria that have occurred in Shanxian county from 2002 to 2016.@*METHODS@#A retrospective study was conducted and data were collected from web-based reporting system to explore the epidemiological characteristics in Shanxian county from 2002 to 2016. All individual case information was obtained from village malaria servicers organized by the local Shandong Institute of Parasitic Diseases.@*RESULTS@#A total of 133 cases were identified as malaria in Shanxian county during this period, including 124 indigenous cases (93.2%) and 9 imported cases (6.8%). The 124 indigenous malaria cases were infected with Plasmodium vivax (P. vivax), whereas 7 of the 9 confirmed imported cases were infected with Plasmodium falciparum (P. falciparum), 1 was infected with Plasmodium ovale (P. ovale) and 1 patient was infected with P. falciparum mixed with P. vivax. The total number of malaria cases included 86 males (64.7%) and 47 females (35.3%). Age of the patients ranged from 1 to 83 years, although most (64.7%) infections occurred in the 21-to 60-year-old age group. Remarkably, 117 of the total malaria cases (98.0%) were reported from 2006 to 2011. The epidemic season was from June to October, with the peak occurring yearly from July to September. The most common occupation of the infected patients was farmer. In total, 58.1% of the cases occurred in 3 townships, namely, Fugang, Huanggang and Caozhuang.@*CONCLUSIONS@#In Shanxian county, the local malaria incidence experienced an emerge-peak-control-eliminate status. However, due to the numbers of migrant labourers returning from Africa, imported cases were continuous and presented an increasing annual trend, which became a non-negligible and a significant impediment for malaria elimination. Therefore, the need to eliminate instances of malaria reintroduction to receptive malaria-free areas should drive strategies to align with the epidemiological changes.

Chigger Mite (Acari: Trombiculidae) Survey of Rodents in Shandong Province, Northern China

Chigger mites are parasites of rodents and other vertebrates, invertebrates, and other arthropods, and are the only vectors of scrub typhus, in addition to other zoonoses. Therefore, investigating their distribution, diversity, and seasonal abundance is important for public health. Rodent surveillance was conducted at 6 districts in Shandong Province, northern China (114–112°E, 34–38°N), from January to December 2011. Overall, 225/286 (78.7%) rodents captured were infested with chigger mites. A total of 451 chigger mites were identified as belonging to 5 most commonly collected species and 3 genera in 1 family. Leptotrombidium scutellare and Leptotrombidium intermedia were the most commonly collected chigger mites. L. scutellare (66.2%, 36.7%, and 49.0%) was the most frequently collected chigger mite from Apodemus agrarius, Rattus norvegicus, and Microtus fortis, respectively, whereas L. intermedia (61.5% and 63.2%) was the most frequently collected chigger mite from Cricetulus triton and Mus musculus, respectively. This study demonstrated a relatively high prevalence of chigger mites that varied seasonally in Shandong Province, China.

Evaluation of saponins in Paris Polyphylla var.chinensis from twenty-one growing areas / 中成药

AIM To evaluate saponins in Paris Polyphylla Smith var.chinensis (Franch.) Hara from twentyone growing areas.METHODS HPLC was adopted in the content determination of pennogenins { pennogenin-3-O-β-D-glu (1→3) [α-L-rha (1→2)]-β-D-glu (PGGR),polyphyllinsⅥ,Ⅶ,H} and dioscins (gracillin,polyphyllins Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅴ),then SPSS 22.0 software was used for principal component analysis and cluster analysis.RESULTS Pennogenin was the main kind of Paris Polyphylla var.chinensis saponins,and PGGR,polyphyllins Ⅰ,Ⅴ,Ⅶ,H were the main effective constituents of this medicinal material.The comprehension scores of seven growing areas were more than zero,which was in sequence of Bazhong ＞ Qingchuan ＞ Yanjin ＞ Tongjiang ＞ Nanchuan ＞ Chongzhou ＞ Hongya.Twenty-one batches of samples were divided into four types,which was similar to cluster analysis results.CONCLUSION Bazhong,Qingchuan,Chongzhou,Hongya,Tongjiang in Sichuan,Yanjin in Yunnan,and Nanchuan in Chongqing are suitable for cultivating Paris Polyphylla var.chinensis,which can guarantee the stability of saponins.

Autophagy and obesity / 中国糖尿病杂志

[Summary] Autophagy is an intracellular degradation process by which the damaged organelles and macromolecules are lysosomal dependently degraded by auto‐phagocyte under the control of autophagy‐related genes. The autophagy level in hypothalamus and adipose tissue changes in obese individuals.Autophagy participates in the regulation of food intake and energy balance ,and associates with adipocyte differentiation and adipogenesis. More and more attention has been paid to the relationship between autophagy and obesity w hich may guide the new research direction of pathogenesis study and therapy of obesity.

Gamma knife surgery for pineal region tumors: an alternative strategy for negative pathology / Cirurgia com gamma knife como tratamento experimental para tumores da região da pineal: uma estratégia alternativa quando os dados anatomopatológicos são negativos

Objective : Pineal region tumors (PRTs) are uncommon, and treatments vary among neoplasm types. The authors report their experience with gamma knife surgery (GKS) as an initial treatment in a series of PRT patients with unclear pathological diagnoses. Method : Seventeen PRT patients with negative pathology who underwent GKS were retrospectively studied. Nine patients had further whole-brain and spinal cord radiotherapy and chemotherapy 6–9 months after GKS. Results : Sixteen of 17 cases were followed up over a mean of 33.3 months. The total response rate was 75%, and the control rate was 81.3%. No obvious neurological deficits or complications were attributable to GKS. Conclusion : The findings indicate that GKS may be an alternative strategy in selected PRT patients who have negative pathological diagnoses, and that good outcomes and quality of life can be obtained with few complications. .

Tumores da região da pineal (TRP) são pouco frequentes e as propostas de tratamento são bastante variadas. Os autores relatam sua experiência em cirurgias com uso gamma knife (CGK) como tratamento experimental inicial em séries de TRP que não têm diagnóstico anatomopatológico ou nos quais o diagnóstico não ficou claro. Foram estudados retrospectivamente 17 pacientes com TRP nestas condições e que foram submetidos a CGK. Destes, 9 pacientes foram submetidos posteriormente a radioterapia de todo o encéfalo e medula espinhal entre 6 e 9 meses depois da CGK. Dezesseis dos 17 pacientes foram acompanhados por um período médio de 33,3 meses. A taxa total de resposta nos pacientes foi de 75% e a taxa dos controles, 81,3%. Não houve nenhum déficit neurológico evidente que pudesse ser atribuído à CGK. A CGK como tratamento experimental pode ser uma estratégia alternativa no grupo específico de pacientes com TRP em que não há diagnóstico anatomopatológico, podendo ser obtida uma boa qualidade de vida com poucas complicações para esse grupo de pacientes.

Treatment of premature ovarian failure patients by bushen tiaojing recipe combined hormone replacement therapy: a clinical observation / 中国中西医结合杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the clinical effect on treatment of premature ovarian failure (POF) patients by Bushen Tiaojing Recipe (BTR) and hormone replacement therapy (HRT).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Totally 72 POF patients were randomly assigned to three groups by random digit table, i.e., the Chinese medicine group, the Western medicine group, and the integrative medicine group, 24 in each group. Those in the Chinese medicine group took BTR. Those in the Western medicine group were treated by HRT. Those in the integrative medicine group were treated by BTR + HRT. All were treated for three courses and followed-up for 3 months after treatment. The clinical efficacy, integrals of clinical symptoms, and serum sex hormones levels [follicular stimulating hormone (FSH), estradiol (E2), luteinizing hormone (LH)] were compared among the three groups before treatment, at the end of treatment, and 3 months after withdrawal.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>(1) The total effective rate was better in the integrative medicine group than in the Chinese medicine group and the Western medicine group (P < 0.05). (2) At the end of treatment, the integrals of clinical symptoms decreased in the 3 groups when compared with before treatment in the same group (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). The integrals of clinical symptoms were higher at 3 months after withdrawal than at the end of treatment in the Western medicine group (P < 0.05). But there was no statistical difference in changes of integrals between the Chinese medicine group and the integrative medicine group (P > 0.05). (3) By the end of treatment serum E2 increased (P < 0.01), FSH and LH decreased (P < 0.01) in the three groups, more significantly in the integrative medicine group and the Western medicine group (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). At 3 months after withdrawal serum E2 decreased, FSH and LH increased in the Western medicine group, showing statistical difference when compared with the other two groups (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). There was no statistical difference in changes of serum E2, FSH, or LH between the Chinese medicine group and the integrative medicine group (P > 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>BTR combined HRT had significant effect on treatment of POF, could significantly improve patients' clinical symptoms, menstrual states, and serum sex hormones levels. It had lower recurrence rate. Patients suffered from less adverse reactions.</p>

Experimental observation of SIVmac239 Chinese rhesus monkey model at sub-acute phase of AIDS / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe T lymphocyte subsets and indicators of changes in viral load in sub-acute period in Chinese rhesus monkey model of AIDS SIVmac239. To explore Virology related index variation in sub-acute period of the Chinese rhesus monkey model of AIDS.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>To replicate Chinese rhesus monkey model of AIDS, healthy Chinese rhesus monkey was inoculated with SIVmac239 viral strain. To observe changes in T lymphocyte subsets indexes and viral load after infection with the simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) in sub-acute period on an animal model. The clinical symptoms of the animal model was recorded simultaneously.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>During the 10 weeks after SIV acute infection, body weight and BMI index were relatively stable, the difference was not significant at all time points. Twelve monkeys were tested SIV positive by real-time PCR after three days of infection. On the 7th day after infection, 15 monkeys were tested SIV positive. Viral load increased rapidly, but reached a peak on the 10th-14th day after infection, then showed a level of volatility decline. T lymphocyte subsets showed significant changes, among them, CD3% and CD3 counts fluctuated upward trend and reached to the highest level in two weeks after infection; of CD4% and CD4 count changes were not synchronized, CD4% declined trend while the CD4 count was an increasing trend after the infection; of CD8% and CD8 counts fluctuate upward trend, and reached to a highest level in two weeks after infection ;the ratio of CD4/CD8 and the counts of CD4CD28 T cells decreased significantly in two weeks after infection; the former followed by a slow decline, the latter followed by a rapid rise. Three mouths after the infection 3 monkeys showed significant clinical symptoms. One of the rhesus monkeys had symptoms of diarrhea and two of them had reduced food intake.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>This experiments established standardization of Chinese Rhesus monkeys used in the research of AIDS and provide a detailed contents in the changes of sub-acute phase.</p>

Treatment of complex scapular body fractures by locking reconstructive plates / 中国骨伤

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the method and effect of treatment of complex scapular body fractures by locking reconstructive plate through modified posterior approach.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From August 2005 to November 2009, 27 patients with complex scapula body fractures were treated by locking reconstruction bone plate fixation,including 19 males and 8 females with an average age of 36 years old ranging from 16 to 64 years. The time after injury was 0.5 hours to 11 days (averaged 3 days). Of all the patients, 9 cases were associated with ipsilateral clavicle fracture, 2 cases were associated with acromioclavicular joint dislocation,16 cases were associated with multiple rib fractures, 1 case were associated with humeral shaft fractures, 5 cases were associated with pleural effusion, atelectasis, lung contusion etc. After operating,shoulder functional recovery were followed up.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Twenty-four patients were followed up from 2 to 35 months with an average of 19 months. According to Hardegger shoulder function,the results were excellent in 15 cases, good in 7 cases, general in 2 cases.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>This method had the advantage of less trauma and clear exposure, firm and reliable fixation, and early activities.</p>

Comparison between mini-traumatic bone-grafting and non-bone-grafting in percutaneous K-wire fixation to treat the calcaneal fractures / 中国骨伤

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To compare the effect between mini-traumatic bone-grafting and non-bone-grafting in percutaneous K-wire fixation for treating the calcaneal fractures.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From 2002 to 2006, 112 patients with the type II (Paley type) fractures of calcaneus were studied. There were 56 cases in bone-grafting group involving 36 males and 20 famales,aged from 21 to 65, averaged (42.0 +/- 2.3) years; 11 cases were in type II a and 45 were in type II b; the course was from 3 to 14 days, averaged (6.0 +/- 1.2) days. And there were 56 cases in non-bone-grafting group involving 38 males and 18 famales,aged from 22 to 67, averaged (43.0 +/- 2.5)years; 13 cases were in type II a and 43 were in type II b; the course was from 2 to 15 days, averaged (5.0-2.1) days. All the cases were treated by closed reduction and percutaneous K-wire fixation, and bone-grafting group(56 cases) were treated by mini-traumatic bone-grafting, but the other group (56 cases) were not. The collapsing rate and fineness rate were compared.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>All the cases were followed up from 5 to 52 months. There were no collapsing cases in the bone-grafting group after operation, but 3 cases occurrenced re-collapsing in the non-bone-grafting group. According to the Zhang Tie-liang's evaluation criterion, in the bone-grafting group,the results were excellent in 43 cases, good in 12, fair in 1, the fineness rate was 98.2%. In the non-bone-grafting group,the results were excellent in 37 cases, good in 16, fair in 2, poor in 1, the fineness rate was 94.7%.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Treatment of the type II fracture of calcaneus with closed reduction, percutaneous K-wire fixation and mini-traumatic bone-grafting can prevent the posterior talar articular surface of caltaneus from collapsing again after operation, enhance the union of fracture, elevate the curative effect, thus it should be taken with the standard therapeutic regimen.</p>

Percutaneous suture in the treatment of patellar fracture / 中国骨伤

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study therapeutic effects of patella and femur fixation combined with percutaneous suture in the treatment of patellar fractures.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>In the study,23 patients with patellar fractures were treated with percutaneous Kirschner-pin transfixation and percutaneous suture after Kirschner pins transfixation of superior pole of patellar and condyle of femur. Among the patients, 17 patients were male and 6 patients were female, ranging in age from 18 to 73 years (mean 32.4 years). The therapeutic effects were evaluated according to Bistman criterion for patellar fracture.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>All the patients were followed up and ranged from 6 to 38 months (mean 11 months). All the fractures were anatomically reduction or near-anatomical reduction. According to Böstman criterion for patellar fracture, 20 were excellent and 3 good.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The method of patella and femur fixation combined with suture for patellar fractures has such advantages as smaller invasion, less complication or sequel, fine reduction of fracture, good restoration of joint function and none operative cicatrix.</p>

The randomized controlled trial of the treatment for clavicular fracture by rotatory manual reduction with forceps holder and retrograde percutaneous pinning transfixation / 中国骨伤

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the curative effect and safety of rotatory manual reduction with forceps holder and retrograde percutaneous pinning transfixation in treating clavicular fracture.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>All 201 cases of clavicular fractures were randomly divided into treatment group (101 cases) and control group (100 cases). The treatment group was treated by rotatory manual reduction with forceps holder and retrograde percutaneous pinning transfixation. The control group was treated by open reduction and internal fixation with Kirschner pin. All cases were followed up for 4 to 21 months (mean 10.6 months). SPSS was used to analyze clinic healing time of fracture and shoulder-joint function in both two groups.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>After operation, 101 cases of treatment group achieved union of fracture and the clinical healing time was 28 to 49 days (mean 34.5+/-2.7 days). In control group,there were 4 cases with nonunion of fracture,the other 96 cases were union,the clinical healing time was 36 to 92 days (mean 55.3+/-4.8 days). The excellent and good rate of shoulder-joint function was 100% in treatment group and 83% in control group. By t-test and chi2-test, there was significant difference between the two groups in curative effect (P<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Rotatory manual reduction with forceps holder and retrograde pinning transfixation can be used in various kinds of clavicular shaft fracture, with many virtues such as easy operation, reliable fixation, short union time of fracture, good functional recovery of shoulder-joint and no incision scar affecting appearance.</p>

A review on genetic testing / 生物工程学报

Nowadays genetic tests are available in a growing number of countries, for an expanding set of conditions. Nonetheless, many Chinese people are still not familiar with the principle, testing types, technologies used in this process, application and benefits to society, and national or international administration of genetic testing. It is essential that this increased use of genetic testing should be accompanied by appropriate oversight. This article has roughly reviewed the proceeding of genetic testing these years, which will help us learn more about the new coming era of human genetics and molecular medical revolutions.