Prognosis of childhood adrenoleukodystrophy with cognitive disorder after haploidentical allogenic hemato-poietic stem cell transplantation / 中华实用儿科临床杂志

Objective:To investigate the prognosis of childhood adrenoleukodystrophy (ALD) with cognitive disorder after haploidentical allogenic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (haplo-HSCT), and to identify risk factors affecting the prognosis.Methods:It was a single-center retrospective study involving 31 ALD children receiving haplo-HSCT in Peking University People′s Hospital from January 2014 to October 2022.Survival analysis was performed by Kaplan-Meier method. Cox regression analysis was performed to identify risk factors for the prognosis of childhood ALD following haplo-HSCT. Results:Among the 31 children with ALD, 1 case died of cardiogenic shock during the transplantation, and the remaining had a successful haplo-HSCT.Ten children with ALD had cognitive disorder before haplo-HSCT, including 3 cases with the minimal LOES score ≥10 points and 8 cases with the Neurologic Function Score (NFS)>0 point before haplo-HSCT.Six children had major functional disability (MFD) and 2 cases died due to progression of ALD after haplo-HSCT.Twenty children did not have cognitive disorder before haplo-HSCT, of whom 3 cases had the LOES score≥10 points and 6 cases had NFS>0 before haplo-HSCT.Four children had MFD and 2 cases died due to progression of ALD after haplo-HSCT.For ALD patients without cognitive disorder after haplo-HSCT, the 3-year and 5-year survival rate were 100.0% and 72.9%, respectively, and the 5-year MFD-free survival was 61.6%.For ALD patients with cognitive disorder after haplo-HSCT, the 3-year survival rate was 83.3%.Compared with ALD patients with the LOES score<10 points before haplo-HSCT, those with the LOES score≥10 points had 9.243 times the risk of developing MFD after haplo-HSCT ( P=0.024, 95% CI: 1.332-64.127). Compared with ALD patients without cognitive disorder before haplo-HSCT, ALD patients with cognitive disorder had 9.749 times the risk of developing MFD after haplo-HSCT ( P=0.023, 95% CI: 1.358-66.148). Conclusions:Cognitive disorder and LOES score≥10 points before haplo-HSCT are risk factors for developing MFD in children with ALD following haplo-HSCT.

Clinical and pathological features of children with glycogen storage disease: An analysis of 10 cases / 临床肝胆病杂志

Objective To investigate the clinical and pathological features of children with glycogen storage disease (GSD). Methods A retrospective analysis was performed for ten children with GSD who were admitted to the Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University and The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital from January 2002 to January 2022, based on medical history, liver biochemistry, and liver biopsy, and population characteristics, clinical manifestations, biochemical parameters, and liver histopathological characteristics were compared and analyzed. Results All ten children had developmental retardation and a short stature, with the manifestations of abnormal liver function, mild weakness, poor appetite, yellow urine, and yellow eyes, and four children had hepatosplenomegaly. Among the ten children, six had the clinical manifestations of hypoglycemia, and one had bilateral gastrocnemius hypertrophy and positive Gower sign. Two children had positive CMV IgG. Liver histopathological manifestations included diffuse enlargement of hepatocytes, light cytoplasm, and small nucleus in the middle like plant cells, with or without fibrous tissue proliferation. Conclusion Most patients with GSD have developmental retardation and abnormal aminotransferases, and liver pathological examination shows specific pathological features.

Clinical observation of hot-wet compression with Xiaohua ointment for acne mastitis in mass stage / 中国医师杂志

Objective:To observe the clinical effects of hot-wet compression with Xiaohua ointment for acne mastitis in mass stage and its impacts on humoral immune function and inflammation.Methods:85 cases of patients with acne mastitis in mass stage treated in our hospital from January 2018 to January 2019 were selected as the research objects and randomly divided into control group (42 cases) and observation group (43 cases). The control group taken Tuoli xiaodu powder and external use of purple detumescence cream, and the observation group received hot-wet compression with Xiaohua ointment additionally. All treated for 30 days. The clinical efficacy, symptom scores, breast mass size, humoral immune indexes, C-reactive protein (CRP) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) were compared, and the adverse reactions were recorded.Results:After treatment, the humoral immune indexes of the two groups had no significant change ( P>0.05), but the pain score, breast tumor size, mass score, CRP and ESR were significantly decreased than those before treatment ( P<0.05); compared with the control group, the pain score, breast tumor size and mass score in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group ( P<0.05). The total effective rate of the observation group was 83.7%, which was significantly higher than 59.5% of the control group ( P<0.05). There were no obvious adverse reactions in both groups. Conclusions:Hot-wet compression with Xiaohua ointment is effective and safe for patients with acne mastitis in mass stage, and could improve their inflammation.

Etiology and risk factors for childhood unintentional injuries: a retrospective analysis of data at a pediatric intensive care unit / 中国当代儿科杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the etiology and risk factors for unintentional injuries in children admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU), and to provide a basis for preventing these injuries and decreasing the mortality rate.@*METHODS@#A retrospective analysis was performed on the clinical data of children with unintentional injuries admitted to the PICU from December 2012 to December 2017.@*RESULTS@#A total of 102 children with unintentional injuries were admitted to the PICU, which accounted for 3.30% (102/3 087) of the overall PICU patients. The top three causes of unintentional injuries were food or drug poisoning, drowning, and foreign body ingestion and aspiration. The proportion of unintentional injuries in boys was significantly higher than in girls (P0.05). The logistic regression analysis showed that the number of organs with dysfunction after unintentional injuries, especially respiratory, cardiac, neurological, renal and hematological involvement, was closely associated with the mortality rate of children with unintentional injuries (P0.05).@*CONCLUSIONS@#Prevention is the key to decreasing the incidence of childhood unintentional injuries. Preventive measures should be taken based on patient's sex and age and the cause of unintentional injuries. The spread of first aid knowledge, improvement in emergency transportation, and more attention to organ protection may be useful for decreasing the mortality rate of children with unintentional injuries.

A case of 10p15.3 microdeletion syndrome detected by whole exome sequencing / 中华医学遗传学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To report on a case of 10p15.3 microdeletion syndrome and to explore its clinical and molecular characteristics.@*METHODS@#The patient was subjected to whole exome sequencing (WES), with his clinical features discussed in the light of literature review.@*RESULTS@#The patient presented with global developmental delay, hypotonia, autistic-like traits, mild facial dysmorphism and other features including short stature, small hands and feet, congenital heart disease and feeding difficulty. WES has detected deletions of ZMYND11, DIP2C, LARP4B, TUBB8, GTPBP4, IDI2, IDI1, WOR37 and ADARB2 genes on the short arm of chromosome 10. Among these, ZMYND11 gene been previously associated with intellectual disability.@*CONCLUSION@#The patient's phenotype was closely correlated with that of 10p15.3 microdeletion syndrome. Haploinsufficiency of the ZMYND11 gene may underlie the manifestations of 10p15.3 microdeletion syndrome.

Research Strategy of Dissolution Test of Soft Capsules / 中国药学杂志

OBJECTIVE: To provide references for effective quality control of soft capsules and discuss the applicability of method for dissolution test of soft capsules. METHODS: Based on analyzing dissolution requirements of soft capsules, we were compared the differences of methods for dissolution test in the pharmacopoeias of several countries with current correlative research from home and abord. RESULTS: The dissolution characteristics of soft capsules are more complex than common oral solid dosage forms, and the requirments are different in the pharmacopoeias of several countries. The formula of contents, hydrophilicity, rupture test and crossliking have impacts on the dissolution characteristics as well as dissolution device and so on. CONCLUSION: In order to develop the method for dissolution test of soft capsules, the dissolution device and medium, rupture test and in vitro-in vivo correlation etc. should be studied.

Preparation of matrine loaded microspheres based on Bletilla striata polysaccharide / 药学学报

Microspheres (MS) are an excellent transarterial chemoembolization carrier for cancer treatment. Then the Bletilla striata polysaccharide (BSP) that was isolated from the rattan of Bletilla striata was used as skeleton material, and the matrine (ME) loaded Bletilla striata polysaccharide microspheres (ME-BSPMS) were prepared by emulsify-chemical crosslinking method. ME-BSPMS was characterized for appearance shape, particle size, drug loading, swelling ratio, suspension property, drug entrapment condition and in vitro release characteristics. The results showed that the ME-BSPMS appeared as round spherical and smooth shape by SEM, with an average size of (85 ±7) μm. ME-BSPMS with a good suspension in physiological saline and the swelling ratio could reach upwards of (53 ±4.2)% in 20 minutes, also with a large amount of drug loading of (30.12 ±3.25)%. The results of DSC scanning indicate that good compatibility exists between the ME and BSP, and the ME could be embedded fully in the matrix of the ME-BSPMS. The accumulation drug release from ME-BSPMS was (25.38 ±1.57)% at 12 h, this suggests that the ME-BSPMS has a good sustained release effect. These results indicate that the ME-BSPMS may be a promising transarterial chemoembolization carrier for cancer treatment.

Analysis of acne animal model based on Chinese and western medicine clinical symptoms characteristic / 中国中药杂志

This paper aimed to analyze the existing acne animal model based on the characteristics of acne clinical symptoms between Chinese and western medicine, in order to provide reference for the establishment of the rational acne animal model. Relevant literatures at home and abroad in recent years were reviewed to summarize the research progress of diagnostic criteria and drug treatment of acne with Chinese and western medicine, and analyze the existing acne animal model. The animal acne models were pathological models, and mainly reflected the clinical indicators of western medicine. Their evaluation was based on western medicine standard, with the standard of Chinese medicine for reference. More improved ideas and methods to establish acne animal models based on clinical study were put forward, so as to establish the reasonable quantitative standard for acne animal model. Furthermore, the animal model based on the combination of disease and syndrome was formed to provide a reliable experimental method for further study of acne. Rational acne animal model shall be selected according to the pathogenesis of acne, in order to improve the consistency between animal model and clinical symptoms, and lay a foundation for further study of acne.

Genetic and Clinical Advances of Congenital Muscular Dystrophy / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>The aim was to update the genetic and clinical advances of congenital muscular dystrophy (CMD), based on a systematic review of the literature from 1991 to 2017.</p><p><b>DATA SOURCES</b>Articles in English published in PubMed from 1991 to 2017 English were searched. The terms used in the literature searches were CMD.</p><p><b>STUDY SELECTION</b>The task force initially identified citations for 98 published articles. Of the 98 articles, 52 studies were selected after further detailed review. Three articles, which were not written in English, were excluded from the study. This study referred to all the important and English literature in full.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>CMD is a group of early-onset disorders encompassing great clinical and genetic heterogeneity. Patients present with muscle weakness typically from birth to early infancy, delay or arrest of gross motor development, and joint and/or spinal rigidity. The diagnosis of CMD relies on clinical findings, brain and muscle imaging, muscle biopsy histology, muscle and/or skin immunohistochemical staining, and molecular genetic testing.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Advances in next-generation sequencing and histopathological techniques have enabled the recognition of distinct CMD subtypes supported by specific gene identification. Genetic counseling and multidisciplinary management of CMD play an important role in help patients and their family. Further elucidation of the significant clinical and genetic heterogeneity, therapeutic targets, and the clinical care for patients remains our challenge for the future.</p>

Mechanism of action of Yiqi Huoxue Recipe in regulating autophagy and reversing liver fibrosis / 中华肝脏病杂志

Objective@#To investigate the role and mechanism of action of Yiqi Huoxue Recipe (YQHXR) in regulating autophagy and reversing liver fibrosis in rats with carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver fibrosis.@*Methods@#Healthy male Wistar rats were intraperitoneally injected with a mixture of CCl4 (30%) and olive oil (70%) twice a week for 8 weeks to establish a rat model of liver fibrosis. The rats administered normal diet were used as control group. Furthermore, YQHXR or Fuzheng Huayu Recipe (FZHYR) was intragastrically administered to the rats. The serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were measured using an automatic biochemical analyzer. Hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining and Masson staining were performed to observe the degree of fibrosis in rat liver. The protein expression of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and type I collagen α1 chain (Col1A1) in liver tissue was measured by immunohistochemistry. Furthermore, the mRNA and protein expression of α-SMA, Col1A1, autophagy-related protein 7 (Atg7), microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3), and ubiquitin-binding protein (SQSTM1/p62) were determined using qRT-PCR and Western blotting, respectively. Comparison between multiple groups was made by one-way analysis of variance, and comparison between any two groups was made using the LSD test. P < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant.@*Results@#The YQHXR group and FZHYR group had significantly lower serum levels of ALT and AST than the model group (ALT: 66.8±10.42 U/L and 73.2±10.33 U/L vs 106.80±18.24 U/L, F = 31.672, P < 0.001; AST: 122.6±16.65 U/L and 125.4±16.92 U/L vs 278.4±66.14 U/L, F = 25.539, P < 0.001). The pathological grades of hepatic fibrosis were S5.64±0.22, S3.70±0.35, and S3.90±0.34 in the model group, YQHXR group, and FZHYR group, respectively (F = 362.188, P < 0.001). Compared with the control group, the YQHXR group and FZHYR group had significantly reduced mRNA and protein expression of α-SMA, Col1A1, Atg7, and LC3B and significantly increased expression of p62 (all P < 0.05), and the differences were greatest in the YQHXR group.@*Conclusion@#YQHXR and FZHYR can prevent or reverse liver fibrosis by regulating hepatocyte autophagy and inhibiting hepatic stellate cell activation and collagen deposition.

An interpretation of the AASLD practice guideline on the diagnosis and management of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in 2017 / 中华肝脏病杂志

The American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases (AASLD) updated and published the Practice Guidance for the Diagnosis and Management of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) in July 2017, which provides recommendations for the accurate diagnosis, treatment, and effective prevention of NAFLD. Related metabolic diseases should be considered during the initial evaluation of patients suspected of NAFLD. Noninvasive diagnostic techniques including transient elastography, magnetic resonance elastography, and serum biochemical models should be used to evaluate the development and progression of liver fibrosis in patients with NAFLD. Clinical liver pathology report should clearly differentiate between nonalcoholic fatty liver (NAFL), NAFL with inflammation, and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and identify the presence or absence of liver fibrosis and its degree. Early medication for NAFLD can only be used in patients with pathologically confirmed NASH and liver fibrosis, and it is not recommended to use pioglitazone and vitamin E as the first-line drugs for patients with NASH which has not been proven by biopsy or non-diabetic NASH patients. Foregut bariatric surgery can be considered for obese patients with NAFLD/NASH who meet related indications. It is emphasized that the risk factors for cardiovascular disease should be eliminated for NAFLD patients. Statins can be used for the treatment of dyslipidemia in patients with NAFLD/NASH, but they cannot be used in patients with decompensated liver cirrhosis. Routine screening or hepatocellular carcinoma surveillance is not recommended for NASH patients without liver cirrhosis. Cardiovascular disease should be taken seriously during liver transplantation evaluation. There is still no adequate clinical evidence for the treatment of NAFLD in children and adolescents, and intensive lifestyle intervention is recommended as the first-line therapy for such patients.

The effects of essential oils of traditional Chinese medicine on the pharmaceutical properties of flexible nano-liposomes loaded with palmatine chloride / 药学学报

Flexible liposomes are an excellent drug delivery nanocarrier, however, the leakage of drugs from liposomes has become common technical obstacle in the industry and also hindered its further application seriously. It is very urgent and necessary to avoid or reduce the leakage of drugs from liposomes. In this work, five kinds of essential oils such as Folium Artemisiae Argyi oil (FA), Folium Eucalypti oil (FE), Arabian Jasmine oil (AJ), Syzygium Aromaticum oil (SA) and Fructus Forsythiae oil (FF) were encapsulated in the lipid bilayer of palmatine chloride (PC) loaded flexible nano-liposomes (PFL), then the optimal essential oil and its dosage level were determined by the external leakage curve of PC. The female Japanese white rabbits were used to evaluate the vaginal irritancy potential of liposomes samples. The pharmaceutical properties such as encapsulation efficiency, particle size, zeta potential, deformability and structure of liposomes samples were evaluated. In order to investigate the permeability of liposomes samples to deliver PC across skin and mucous membrane in vitro, the side-by-side diffusion cells were used. The results showed that the leakage of hydrosoluble PC from PFL was reduced at different degrees by the essential oils in the lipid bilayer of PFL, however, the reduction in leakage degree was obviously higher for FA than thoses of FE, AJ, SA and FF (P < 0.05), and the highest reduction in leakage degree was obtained when the FA and lipid mass ratio was 1:6. The encapsulation efficiency, particle size, zeta potential and deformability of PFL were not significantly changed after FA was encapsulated in the lipid bilayer of the PFL (P > 0.05), so did the lamellar structure of PFL. In addition, the transdermal and transmucosal permeability of PC were also enhanced obviously by encapsulating FA in the lipid bilayer of PFL, and there was no vaginal/vulvar irritation observed in the rabbits. In summary, the drug leakage was reduced by encapsulating suitable essential oil (such as FA) in the lipid bilayer of flexible liposomes, and the vaginal mucosa permeability were improved for the drug. These results provide a novel technique in the improvement of flexible nano-liposomes for drug delivery.

Effects of bufalin combined with doxorubicin on the proliferation and apoptosis of human lung cancer cell line A549 in vitro / 中南大学学报(医学版)

Objective:To explore the effects ofbufalin (BUF) combined with doxorubicin (DOX) on the proliferation and apoptosis in human lung cancer cell line A549 in vitro.Methods:Methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay was used to measure the inhibitory effects of BUF,DOX and their combination on the growth ofA549 cells.Hoechst 33342 staining was used to observe the changes of nucleus.Flow cytometry was used to investigate the apoptosis and cell cycle distribution of A549 cells.Western blot was used to examine the expression of apoptotic protein.Results:BUF and DOX showed inhibitory effect on the A549 cells in a dose and time-dependent manner.Compared with BUF or DOX alone,combination of BUF (1,20,100 nmol/L) with DOX (1.0 μg/mL) could significantly increase the growth inhibition rate ofA549 cells at 24,36,72 h,respectively (all P＜0.05).BUF and DOX alone could induce apoptosis,and their combination could significantly increase the apoptosis ratio.In addition,BUF combined with DOX could block the cell stage of A549 cells,keep the cell stage stay in S stage and up-regulate the expression of caspase-3.Conclusion:BUF combined with DOX can significantly inhibit the proliferation ofA549 cells,which might be related to the induction of apoptosis,cell cycle S phase arrest and caspase-3 up-regulation.

The effects of interleukin-1β in modulating osteoclast-conditioned medium's influence on gelatinases in chondrocytes through mitogen-activated protein kinases / 国际口腔科学杂志·英文版

Osteoarthritis is recognised to be an interactive pathological process involving the cartilage, subchondral bone and synovium. The signals from the synovium play an important role in cartilage metabolism, but little is known regarding the influence of the signalling from bone. Additionally, the collagenases and stromelysin-1 are involved in cartilage catabolism through mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signalling, but the role of the gelatinases has not been elucidated. Here, we studied the influence of osteoclastic signals on chondrocytes by characterising the expression of interleukin-1β (IL-1β)-induced gelatinases through MAPK signalling. We found that osteoclast-conditioned media attenuated the gelatinase activity in chondrocytes. However, IL-1β induced increased levels of gelatinase activity in the conditioned media group relative to the mono-cultured chondrocyte group. More specifically, IL-1β restored high levels of gelatinase activity in c-Jun N-terminal kinase inhibitor-pretreated chondrocytes in the conditioned media group and led to lower levels of gelatinase activity in extracellular signal-regulated kinase or p38 inhibitor-pretreated chondrocytes. Gene expression generally correlated with protein expression. Taken together, these results show for the first time that signals from osteoclasts can influence gelatinase activity in chondrocytes. Furthermore, these data show that IL-1β restores gelatinase activity through MAPK inhibitors; this information can help to increase the understanding of the gelatinase modulation in articular cartilage.

Cost-effectiveness Analysis of Two Regimens in the Treatment of Chronic Hepatitis B Fibrosis / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To analyze the cost-effectiveness of two regimens in the treatment of chronic hepatitis B fibrosis. METHODS:112 cases of chronic hepatitis B fibrosis were divided into Compound biejia ruangan tablet group (group A,n=56) and Anluo huaxian pill group(group B,n=56). Both groups received Entecavir dispersible tablets combined with relevant Chinese patent medicine. The liver fibrosis index and transient elastography of 2 group were detected before and after treatment,TCM symp-tom score and effective rate calculation were conducted to compare the cost-effectiveness of 2 groups. RESULTS:The cost,effec-tive rate and cost-effectiveness ratio of group A were 9 227.10 yuan,74.11% and 12 451;those of group B were 8 202.90 yuan, 69.28%and 11 840;incremental cost-effectiveness ratio was 21 205. Group B showed a better cost-effectiveness. Result of sensitiv-ity test was same to that of cost-effectiveness analysis. CONCLUSIONS:The cost-effectiveness of Anluo huaxian pill combined with Entecavir dispersible tables is better than Compound biejia ruangan tablet combined with Entecavir dispersible tables in the treatment of chronic hepatitis B fibrosis.

Progress in research of biorelevant dissolution media / 中国药学杂志

OBJECTIVE: To summarize and analyze the physiological parameters of the gastrointestinal tract, as well as the progress in research of biorelevant dissolution media. METHODS: Related literatures in recent years were reviewed. RESULTS: The biorelevant dissolution media based on physiological relevant information were used to establish the methods of dissolution evaluation in vitro. CONCLUSION: With depth understanding of the physiological parameters of the gastrointestinal tract, in vitro dissolution of dosage form in biorelevant dissolution media could predict in vivo dissolution performance. In addition, biorelevant media were utilized to investigate the food effect on dissolution. Therefore, the liability of evaluating in vitro-in vivo correlation is further improved.

Efficacy of methylprednisolone therapy for electrical status epilepticus during sleep in children / 中华儿科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the therapeutic effect of methylprednisolone for electrical status epilepticus during sleep (ESES) in children.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The clinical and EEG data of 82 epilepsy patients with ESES, which included benign childhood epilepsy with centro temporal spikes (BECT) variants, epilepsy with continuous spikes and waves during slow sleep (CSWS) , Landau-Kleffner syndrome (LKS) collected from department of pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital were analyzed from July 2007 to September 2012. During ESES period, all patients received methylprednisolone treatment for three courses, which included methylprednisolone intravenous infusion for three days, followed by oral prednisone for four days every time. After three courses, prednisone [1-2 mg/(kg × d)] were taken by all patients for 6 months. The ESES phenomenon and seizures were observed before and after treatment. The efficacy of corticosteroid on ESES suppression, seizure control of three epilepsy syndrome were analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Thirty-nine cases were male and 43 cases were female. The epilepsy syndromes included 49 patients diagnosed as benign childhood epilepsy with centrotemporal spike (BECT) variants, 27 patients diagnosed as epilepsy with continuous spikes and waves during slow sleep (CSWS), and 6 patients diagnosed as LKS. Age of onset ranged from 1 year and 4 months to 11 years. The age of ESES newly monitored was from 2 years to 10 years and 8 months. The total effective rate of corticosteroid was 83% (68/82) for ESES, BECT variants was 82% (40/49), CSWS was 81% (22/27), LKS was 100% (6/6). There was no statistically significant difference in effective rates between the front two (χ² = 0.09, P > 0.05). The seizures were improved in the first month after methylprednisolone treatment in 3 epilepsy syndromes. The recurrence rate of BECT variants was 47% (23/49) , CSWS was 59% (16/27) , LKS was 50% (3/6) after 1 year follow up. There was no association between disease parameters, including age at seizure onset, duration of ESES and the treatment effect of ESES examined by Kruskal-Wallis method (χ² = 3.585, 0.932, P > 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Methylprednisolone was effective for improving ESES and seizures in 3 epilepsy syndromes combined with ESES. There was no significant correlation between age at seizure onset, duration of ESES and treatment effect of ESES.</p>

Clinical and genetic characteristics of glucose transporter type 1 deficiency syndrome / 中华儿科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To analyze the clinical and SLC2A1 gene mutation characteristics of glucose transporter type 1 deficiency syndrome.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The detailed clinical manifestations of six cases were recorded. The laboratory tests including EEG, MRI, blood chemistry, and lumbar puncture were performed. SLC2A1 gene mutations were analyzed by PCR, DNA sequencing and multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA).</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Patient 1, 2 and 3 had classical clinical symptoms including infantile onset seizures, development delay. Patient 4, 5 and 6 had non-classical clinical symptoms including paroxysmal behavior disturbance, weakness, ataxia, lethargy, especially after fasting or exercise, without severe seizures. The plasma glucose levels were normal. The CSF glucose levels decreased in all the six cases, ranged from 1.10 mmol/L to 2.45 mmol/L, the mean level was 1.68 mmol/L. The CSF glucose/plasma glucose ratios decreased, ranged from 0.16 to 0.51, the mean ratio was 0.34. Four patients had normal EEG. Two patients had focal and diffuse epileptiform discharge, and one of them also had paroxysmal occipital or generalized high-amplitude slow waves during awake and sleep time. MRI abnormalities were found in three patients, patient 1 with mild brain atrophy, patient 3 with bilateral ventricle plump, and patient 4 with high signals in T2 in the frontal and occipital white matter, interpreted as hypomyelination. SLC2A1 gene mutations were found in six cases. Patient 1 has large scale deletion in exon 2. In patient 2 to 6, the mutations were c.741 G>A (E247K), 599delA, 761delA, c.1148 C>A (P383H), c.1198 C>T (R400C) respectively. Two patients were treated with ketogenic diet. The seizures disappeared and development became normal. Three patients responded to frequent meals with snacks. One patient refused any treatments, the symptoms continued to exist.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The clinical manifestations of glucose transporter type 1 deficiency syndrome are varied. The common symptoms included infantile onset seizures and various paroxysmal events. These neurologic symptoms generally fluctuated and were influenced by factors such as fasting or fatigue. This feature could be a very important clue for the diagnosis of GLUT1-DS. Lumbar puncture is recommended in patients with episodic CNS symptoms especially after fasting. GLUT1-DS is a treatable neurometabolic disorder, early diagnosis and treatment may improve the prognosis of the patients.</p>

Value of ultrasound elastography in detecting small breast tumors / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Detecting small breast tumors is difficult for conventional ultrasound. The goal of this study was to assess the value of ultrasound elastography in characterizing small breast tumors and to compare its sensitivity, specificity and accuracy with conventional ultrasound.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 308 breast tumors less than 2 cm in size from 283 in-hospital patients examined with both conventional ultrasound and ultrasound elastography were retrospectively analyzed. The results were compared to surgical pathology.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>There were 104 malignant and 204 benign lesions. The sensitivities of sonography and sonoelastography were similar (P < 0.05), and the sensitivity of the two modalities combined improved remarkably to 97.1%. The mean elastic score of malignant and benign tumors less than 2 cm were 3.76 ± 1.01 and 1.73 ± 0.99, respectively (P < 0.05), and the mean elastic score of the false-negative lesions on conventional ultrasound was 3.61 ± 1.14.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Ultrasound elastography in combination with conventional ultrasound can improve the sensitivity for detecting small breast tumors. It is also valuable in detecting small malignant tumors which are difficult to diagnose with conventional ultrasound. Ultrasound elastography can be a useful adjunct to conventional ultrasound in diagnosing small breast tumors.</p>

Suppressing the growth of Hep-2 human laryngeal cancer cells by silencing survivin gene in vitro and in vivo / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the effect of silencing survivin on the growth of Hep-2 human laryngeal cancer cells in vitro and in vivo.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Hep-2 cells were transfected with pGCsilencer-siRNA-survivin (psi-survivin)by Lipofectamine 2000. The mRNA and protein expressions of survivin were detected by semi-quantitative RT-PCR and Western blot, respectively. Cell proliferation activity was measured by MTT assay. Apoptosis was assessed by flow cytometry. The implanted tumors were formed from injected Hep-2 cells in nude mice. After the tumor formation, psi-survivin was injected into peritumor tissues. The growth of tumor were observed. The tumor volume was calculated and the tumor growth curve was plotted. The expression of survivin in tumor tissues was detected by Western blot. The tumor cell apoptosis was observed by Tunel staining.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The sequence-specific siRNA of survivin inhibited the expressions of survivin mRNA and protein. The inhibition rates of survivin mRNA and protein expression were 54.4% and 37.0% respectively. Also the growth of Hep-2 cells was inhibited significantly, with a decrease by 71.7%. By the day 32 of tumor growth, the mean tumor volumes were (1443.9 ± 230.5) mm(3) (x(-) ± s) in saline control group, (1348.5 ± 198.4) mm(3) in plasmid-negative control group, and (624.6 ± 188.4) mm(3) in psi-survivin group, respectively (t = -5.917, P < 0.01). In the implanted tumors injected with psi-survivin, survivin protein expression was down-regulated significantly, with a inhibition rate of 41.8%. Tunel staining showed the apoptosis occurred in the implanted tumors.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Silencing survivin could significantly inhibit the growth of Hep-2 human laryngeal cancer cells in vitro and in vivo.</p>