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Objective To evaluate the absence of corpus callosum(ACC)and intracranial accompanying abnormalities in fetus via prenatal MRI.Methods A total of 61 cases of fetal ACC diagnosed by prenatal MRI were analyzed retrospectively.The types and numbers of intracranial accompanying abnormalities were observed,and the probability of accompanying abnormalities was counted.According to whether the corpus callosum was completely absent,all cases were divided into complete ACC and partial ACC.Statistical differences of probability of accompanying abnormalities between the two groups were analyzed.Results A total of 54.1%(33/61)patients were complicated with other intracranial abnormalities,among which the most common was cerebral cortical dysplasia,accounting for 26.2%(16/61).The probability of complete ACC and partial ACC complicated with other intracranial abnormalities was 63.4%(26/41)and 35.0%(7/20),respectively,and there was statistical difference in intracranial abnormalities between complete ACC and partial ACC(χ2=4.37,P=0.037).The probability of complete ACC and partial ACC complicated with cerebral cortical dysplasia was 39.0%(16/41)and 5.0%(1/20),respectively,and there was statistical difference in cerebral cortical dysplasia between complete ACC and partial ACC(χ2=7.74,P=0.005).Conclusion MRI can accurately diagnose the fetal ACC and intracranial accompanying abnormalities.Complex ACC is more common than isolated ACC.Compared with partial ACC,complete ACC is more likely to be complicated with other intracranial abnormalities,and cerebral cortical dysplasia is the most common,which provides reliable diagnostic basis for fetal prognosis in clinical practice.
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The phenomenon of off-label use of antitumor drugs in the treatment of malignant tumors is relatively common. Although it is conducive to the development of clinical medical practice, but it is still necessary to pay attention to ethical issues such as medication risks and inadequate implementation of informed consent. Therefore, to effectively avoid ethical risks and standardize the rational use of off-label antitumor drugs, this paper proposed that pharmacists should actively participate in the process of off-label use of antitumor drugs, improve the evidence level of evidence-based medicine, implement patients’ right to informed consent, and improve the hospital’s supervision system of off-label drug use, so as to ensure the reasonable and legal use of drugs by patients.
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Objective To study changes in kinematics and joint coordination of the waist and hips during sit-to-stand and stand-to-sit tasks in patients with lumbar disc herniation (LDH). Methods The Vicon 3D motion capture system was used to collect the kinematics data from 20 healthy controls and 20 LDH subjects, and differences in movement patterns of the lumbar spine and hip joints during sitting and standing tasks were compared between two groups through statistical parametric mapping (SPM). Results During sit-to-stand task, the lumbar spine flexion and extension range and hip joint abduction angle of LDH subjects were significantly limited, and the hip flexion angle increased. SPM analysis showed that for both groups at initial stage of sit-to-stand (10%-13%), there was a statistically significant difference in flexion angle of the lumbar spine, and lumbar flexion angle of LDH subjects was significantly reduced, while hip flexion angle at 2%-14% phase was significantly increased. During stand-to-sit phase (65%-69%), LDH subjects showed increased hip abduction angle. Conclusions LDH subjects have limited lumbar flexion and hip abduction functions during sitting and standing, and they need to be compensated with increased hip flexion activities to complete functional tasks. In clinical evaluation, changes in motor function of the spine and hips should be focused on.
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The croup is a common disease of upper airway obstruction in children, with high incidence rate.In severe case, it is life-threatening.Because there is no guidelines or consensus on diagnosis and treatment in China, the evidence-based research on Chinese children′s croup is also seriously lacking.Therefore, the article mainly reviews the recent research progress of croup abroad.
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The croup is a common disease of upper airway obstruction in children,with high incidence rate.In severe case,it is life-threatening.Because there is no guidelines or consensus on diagnosis and treatment in China,the evidence-based research on Chinese children's croup is also seriously lacking.Therefore,the article mainly reviews the recent research progress of croup abroad.
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Objective To study the effect of repetitive peripheral magnetic stimulation combined with exercise on spasticity in the ankle plantar flexors among stroke survivors.Methods Sixty stroke survivors with spasticity in their ankle plantar flexors were randomly divided into a treatment group and a control group,each of 30.Both groups were given conventional kinesitherapy,while the treatment group were additionally provided with repeti-tive peripheral magnetic stimulation for 4 weeks.The myoelectric activity of the agonist and antagonist muscles was recorded using surface electromyography during maximum isometric voluntary contractions of the ankle dorsiflexors and co-contraction ratios (CRs) were calculated.The motor function,walking ability and ankle plantar flexor spasticity were evaluated using the Fugl-Meyer lower extremity assessment (FMA-LE),functional ambulation categories (FACs) and a composite spasticity scale (CSS).Results Before the intervention there was no signification difference between the two groups in terms of any of the assessments.After 4 weeks of treatment,the average integrated EMG of the anterior tibialis in the treatment group was significantly better than in the control group.That group's average FMA-LE and FAC scores were also significantly better.The experimental group's average spasticity score and co-contraction ratio during maximum isometric voluntary contractions of the ankle dorsiflexors had both decreased significantly.All of the improvements in the treatment group were significantly better than those in the control group.Conclusion Repetitive peripheral magnetic stimulation combined with the exercise therapy can effectively reduce ankle plantar flexior spasticity while improving motor function and walking ability.It is more effective than exercise alone.