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Acylcarnitines are metabolic intermediates of fatty acids and branched-chain amino acids having vital biofunctions and pathophysiological significances.Here,we developed a high-throughput method for quantifying hundreds of acylcarnitines in one run using ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry(UPLC-MS/MS).This enabled simultaneous quantification of 1136 acyl-carnitines(C0-C26)within 10-min with good sensitivity(limit of detection＜0.7 fmol),linearity(cor-relation coefficient＞0.992),accuracy(relative error＜20％),precision(coefficient of variation(CV),CV＜15％),stability(CV＜15％),and inter-technician consistency(CV＜20％,n=6).We also established a quantitative structure-retention relationship(goodness of fit＞0.998)for predicting retention time(tR)of acylcarnitines with no standards and built a database of their multiple reaction monitoring parameters(tR,ion-pairs,and collision energy).Furthermore,we quantified 514 acylcarnitines in human plasma and urine,mouse kidney,liver,heart,lung,and muscle.This provides a rapid method for quantifying acyl-carnitines in multiple biological matrices.
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The 3D human brain organ is aninvitrocultured organ that can be implemented by a researcher in recent years in a standard tissue culture chamber. Its growth and development is very similar to the endogenous developmental program of the human brain. The 3D human brain organs can promote people's understanding of human brain characteristics, and thus, conduct more in-depth research on human brain neuropsychiatric diseases. This is a review of the development, application, obstacles and prospects of 3D human brain organs.
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Objective: To evaluate the therapeutic effect and security of Buyang Huanwu decoction in treatment of the ischemic stroke recovery. Methods: We retrieved the relevant articles of random and semi- random control trials in treating ischemic stroke recovery using Buyang Huanwu decoction, published in China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), the Wanfang Data, the Weipu Information Resources System, the Chinese Biomedical Literature Database (CBM), Cochrane Library, PUBMED and MEDLINE from the date of establishment until to March 2018. The quality of studies was evaluated according to the Cochrane Reviewers?? handbook 5.1, and the study was carried out using Cochrane system assessment methods. Statistical analysis was performed with Rev Man 5.3. Results: Altogether 39 studies and 3539 cases of ischemic stroke recovery were enrolled. In terms of clinical efficacy, the difference between Buyang Huanwu Decoction and Western Medicine conventional therapy in the treatment of ischemic stroke was significantly different from that of conventional western medicine therapy [RR =1.26, 95％CI (1.20, 1.31), Z =10.05, P ＜ 0.00001], and the difference between Buyang Huanwu Decoction and other Chinese patent medicines was statistically significant [RR =1.12, 95％CI(1.06, 1.19), Z =3.82, P =0.0001]; neurological deficit NIHSS score [MD =-2.55, 95％CI (-3.10, -2.01), Z =9.20, P ＜ 0.00001]; clinical neurological deficit score (CSS) [MD =-3.85, 95％CI (-5.21, -2.50), Z =5.56, P ＜ 0.00001]; limb motor function score (FMA) [MD =6.10, 95％CI (1.19, 11.01), Z =2.43, P =0.01]; Barthel Index of Daily Living Activity Scale [MD =9.09, 95％CI (6.95, 11.23), Z =8.33, P ＜ 0.00001]; In terms of improving blood rheology index, serum peroxide lipid (LPO), serum superoxide dismutase (SOD) and other biochemical indicators, due to the small number of studies, it may have a certain effect. Most studies did not report adverse reactions. Conclusion: Based on the existing clinical evidence, combination of Buyang Huanwu decoction and western medicine has higher clinical efficacy than western medicine alone for the ischemic stroke recovery. Due to the limited methodological quality of the included studies, more high- quality RCTs with large scale are needed to increase the strength of the above evidence.