Diet Quality and Associated Factors in Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease Patients with and without Diabetes at a Specialized Outpatient Clinic in the City of Pelotas, Brazil

Abstract Background In most cases, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ACVD) is preventable through primary prevention and control of traditional risk factors, such as smoking cessation, regular physical activity, and adherence to healthy dietary patterns. The assessment of diet quality of ACVD patients would be important for a dietary intervention. Objectives This study aimed to evaluate diet quality of ACVD patients and its association with clinical conditions. Methods This cross-sectional study was nested within a randomized clinical trial entitled "Programa Alimentar Cardioprotetor Brasileiro." Baseline data of 80 patients from Pelotas, Brazil, were obtained. Food consumption was assessed using 24-h food recall and the Revised Diet Quality Index (IQD-R). Data on smoking status and comorbidities were reported by the patients during medical history taking. To analyze the associations between IQD-R and clinical variables, unpaired Student's t-test or the analysis of variance was performed. The significance level was 5%. Results Most of the sample consisted of men (66.5%), elderly individuals (52.50%), patients with hypertension (78.75%), dyslipidemia (58.75%), and overweight (73.75%). The average IQD-R score was 56.7 ± 12.6 points. Better quality of diet was observed for patients with diabetes compared to those without diabetes (61.1 ± 11.8 versus 54.0 ± 12.6 points; p=0.014). Conclusion There is a need to improve diet quality of ACVD patients. Patients ACVD and diabetes had better diet quality compared to those without diabetes.

Consumption of foods according to their degree of processing in patients with established atherosclerosis disease / Consumo de alimentos según su grado de procesamiento en pacientes con enfermedad aterosclerótica establecida

The aim of the present study was to analyze the consumption of foods according to their degree of processing in patients with established atherosclerosis disease. A cross-sectional study was performed with 74 patients of the BALANCE Program trial, a randomized, multicenter and national clinical trial occurring in Brazil. Body weight, height, waist circumference, blood pressure, lipid profile and fasting glucose were collected. Food intake was assessed with 24-h dietary recall. Consumption of nutrients was analyzed in quartiles of consumption of ultra-processed foods and their differences were obtained by one-way ANOVA with Tukey's post hoc test. Half of consumed calories came from natural or minimally processed foods (50.9%), followed by ultra-processed food products (35.1%). The largest contribution in calories came from meats, cereals/roots/tubers, breads, and sweets. No significant difference was found in quartiles of consumption of ultra-processed foods. In this sample, consumption of processed/ultra-processed food was almost the same as natural/minimally processed foods. Preferential consumption of unprocessed/minimally processed foods should be more widely advocated by health professionals.

El objetivo del presente estudio fue analizar el consumo de alimentos, de acuerdo con su grado de procesamiento, en pacientes con enfermedad arterioesclerótica establecida. Estudio transversal, en 74 pacientes del BALANCE Program trial que es un ensayo clínico randomizado, multicéntrico y nacional que se realiza en Brasil. Se midió el peso corporal, la talla, la circunferencia de la cintura, la presión arterial, el perfil lipídico y la glucosa en ayunas. La ingesta de alimentos se evaluó con un recordatorio de 24 horas. El consumo de nutrientes se analizó en cuartiles de consumo de alimentos ultraprocesados y sus diferencias se pusieron a prueba mediante ANOVA de una vía. La mitad de las calorías consumidas provino de alimentos naturales o mínimamente procesados (50.9%), seguidos por productos alimenticios ultraprocesados (35.1%). La mayor contribución en calorías provino de carnes, cereales/raíces/tubérculos, panes y dulces. No se encontraron diferencias significativas en los cuartiles de consumo de alimentos ultraprocesados. En esta muestra, el consumo de alimentos procesados/ultraprocesados fue casi el mismo que de los alimentos naturales/mínimamente procesados. El consumo preferencial de alimentos no procesados/mínimamente procesados debería ser defendido más ampliamente por profesionales de la salud.

Consumo de bebidas açucaradas em pacientes com doença aterosclerótica manifesta / Consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages in patients with established atherosclerosis disease

Resumo O presente estudo investigou a associação entre o consumo de bebidas açucaradas e variáveis antropométricas e bioquímicas em análise transversal, realizado com dados secundários referentes à primeira consulta do ensaio clínico randomizado Dieta Cardioprotetora Brasileira (2013-2014). Foram coletados peso, altura, circunferência da cintura, perfil lipídico e glicemia de jejum e dados de um recordatório alimentar de 24 horas. Diferenças entre o consumo e não consumo de bebidas açucaradas foram avaliadas pelo teste T de student. Para analisar a associação entre o consumo de bebidas açucaradas e fatores bioquímicos e antropométricos foi utilizado o teste qui quadrado. A amostra foi de 2.172 indivíduos, sendo a maioria homens (58,5%), idosos (63,6%), do nível econômico C (57,3%), com ensino fundamental (45,8%) e com excesso de peso (62,7%). Houve associação significativa entre o consumo de bebidas açucaradas e maior valores de índice de massa corporal (p=0,029), circunferência da cintura (p=0,004) e triglicerídeos (p=0,023). Esses resultados reforçam a necessidade de intervenção nutricional quanto ao consumo de bebidas açucaradas como parte do tratamento dietético desta população.

Abstract This study investigated the association between consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages and anthropometric and biochemical variables in a cross-sectional study conducted with secondary data from the first visit of the randomized clinical trial of the Brazilian Cardioprotective Nutritional Program (BALANCE Program) (2013-2014). Weight, height, waist circumference, lipid profile and fasting glycemia and a 24-hour diet recall were collected. Differences between consumption and non-consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages were evaluated by Student's t-test. The Chi-square test was employed to analyze the association between consumption and non-consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages and biochemical and anthropometric factors. The sample consisted of 2,172 individuals, mostly men (58.5%), elderly (63.6%), C-rated economic class (57.3%), and overweight (62.7%). A statistically significant difference was found between the consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages and higher BMI values (p=0.029), waist circumference (p=0.004) and triglycerides (p=0.023). These results emphasize the need for nutritional intervention regarding the consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages as part of the dietary treatment of this population.

A história de uma praça: sociabilidade, manifestações públicas e religiosidade na cidade de Curitiba / The history of square: sociability public events and religiosity in the city of Curitiba

A presente pesquisa investigou como foram desenvolvidas historicamente a sociabilidade e o lazer na cidade de Curitiba, especificamente na sua principal praça, a Tiradentes. Para tanto, a pesquisa foi centrada na análise de fontes históricas secundárias, sobretudo, memorialistas. A conclusão foi a de que com a estruturação dessa praça central como espaço de circulação foi dado o impulso inicial para a vida pública curitibana e um grande salto para o desenvolvimento urbano.

The present research investigated how the sociability and the leisure had been historically developed, in the city of Curitiba, specifically in its main square: the Tiradentes Square. In order to answer this question, the research was centered in the analysis of secondary historical sources, over all, the memoirists ones. Therefore, it can be concluded that, with the construction of this central square as a space of circulation of people, it was given the initial impulse for the Curitiba public life as well as a great jump for the urban development.