National bloodstream infection bacterial resistance surveillance report (2022) : Gram-negative bacteria / 中华临床感染病杂志

Objective:To report the results of national surveillance on the distribution and antimicrobial resistance profile of clinical Gram-negative bacteria isolates from bloodstream infections in China in 2022.Methods:The clinical isolates of Gram-negative bacteria from blood cultures in member hospitals of national bloodstream infection Bacterial Resistant Investigation Collaborative System（BRICS）were collected during January 2022 to December 2022. Antibiotic susceptibility tests were conducted by agar dilution or broth dilution methods recommended by Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute（CLSI）. WHONET 5.6 and SPSS 25.0 software were used to analyze the data.Results:During the study period，9 035 strains of Gram-negative bacteria were collected from 51 hospitals，of which 7 895（87.4%）were Enterobacteriaceae and 1 140（12.6%）were non-fermenting bacteria. The top 5 bacterial species were Escherichia coli（ n=4 510，49.9%）， Klebsiella pneumoniae（ n=2 340，25.9%）， Pseudomonas aeruginosa（ n=534，5.9%）， Acinetobacter baumannii complex（ n=405，4.5%）and Enterobacter cloacae（ n=327，3.6%）. The ESBLs-producing rates in Escherichia coli， Klebsiella pneumoniae and Proteus spp. were 47.1%（2 095/4 452），21.0%（427/2 033）and 41.1%（58/141），respectively. The prevalence of carbapenem-resistant Escherichia coli（CREC）and carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae（CRKP）were 1.3%（58/4 510）and 13.1%（307/2 340）；62.1%（36/58）and 9.8%（30/307）of CREC and CRKP were resistant to ceftazidime/avibactam combination，respectively. The prevalence of carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii（CRAB）complex was 59.5%（241/405），while less than 5% of Acinetobacter baumannii complex was resistant to tigecycline and polymyxin B. The prevalence of carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa（CRPA）was 18.4%（98/534）. There were differences in the composition ratio of Gram-negative bacteria in bloodstream infections and the prevalence of main Gram-negative bacteria resistance among different regions，with statistically significant differences in the prevalence of CRKP and CRPA（ χ2=20.489 and 20.252， P<0.001）. The prevalence of CREC，CRKP，CRPA，CRAB，ESBLs-producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae were higher in provinicial hospitals than those in municipal hospitals（ χ2=11.953，81.183，10.404，5.915，12.415 and 6.459， P<0.01 or <0.05），while the prevalence of CRPA was higher in economically developed regions（per capita GDP ≥ 92 059 Yuan）than that in economically less-developed regions（per capita GDP <92 059 Yuan）（ χ2=6.240， P=0.012）. Conclusions:The proportion of Gram-negative bacteria in bloodstream infections shows an increasing trend，and Escherichia coli is ranked in the top，while the trend of CRKP decreases continuously with time. Decreasing trends are noted in ESBLs-producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Low prevalence of carbapenem resistance in Escherichia coli and high prevalence in CRAB complex have been observed. The composition ratio and antibacterial spectrum of bloodstream infections in different regions of China are slightly different，and the proportion of main drug resistant bacteria in provincial hospitals is higher than those in municipal hospitals.

Analysis of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapeutic effect and intestinal flora characteristics in patients with non-small cell lung cancer / 国际检验医学杂志

Objective To analyze the therapeutic effect of anti-programmed death receptor 1(PD-1)/pro-grammed death ligand 1(PD-L1)and the characteristics of intestinal flora in patients with non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC).Methods A total of 81 NSCLC patients admitted to the People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region from January 2020 to January 2022 were taken as the research object.According to the patients'immunotherapy response,the patients were divided into non-response group and response group.The differences in clinical data and intestinal flora distribution between the two groups were compared,and the correlation between PFS and intestinal flora a diversity index was analyzed by Spearman correlation.Results The proportion of smoking patients in response group was significantly lower than that in non-re-sponse group,and the difference was statistically significant(x2=4.648,P=0.031).Chao1 index,ACE index and shannon wiener index patients in non-response group were lower than those in response group,while Simpson diversity index was higher than that in response group,with statistical significance(P＜0.05).Chao1 index,ACE index and shannon wiener index were positively correlated with PFS(r=0.526,0.579 and 0.539,all P＜0.05),while Simpson diversity index was negatively correlated with PFS(r=-0.867,P＜0.001).The principal coordinate analysis was used to analyze the β diversity structure of intestinal flora.The first principal component contribution rate was 70.36％,and the second principal component contribution rate was 16.63％.Conclusion The diversity and distribution of intestinal flora in NSCLC patients are related to anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy.The higher the diversity of intestinal flora,the more sensitive the anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy.

Transcutaneous Electrical Acupoint Stimulation Promotes PGC-1α Mediated Mitochondrial Biogenesis and Antioxidant Stress to Protect Cognitive Function in Vascular Dementia Rats / 生物化学与生物物理进展

ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation (TEAS) on cognitive function of vascular dementia (VD) rats and its mechanism. MethodsVD rat model was established by modified two-vessel occlusion (2-VO). After modeling, TEAS and electroacupuncture (EA) were used to stimulate Baihui and Zusanli points of rats respectively for 14 d. After treatment, novel object recognition test, Morris water maze test, and Y maze test were used to evaluate the spatial memory and learning ability of rats. Hematoxylin and eosin staining was used to observe the morphology of hippocampal neurons. Transmission electron microscopy was used to observe the ultrastructure of hippocampal mitochondria. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits were used to detected the levels of SOD, CAT, GSH-Px, MDA and ROS in serum of rats. Western blot was used to detect the expression of PGC-1α, TFAM, HO-1, NQO1 proteins in the hippocampus, Keap1 protein in the cytoplasm and Nrf2, NRF1 proteins in the nucleus. ResultsAfter treatment for 14 d, compared to the model group, the escape latency of VD rats decreased, while the discrimination index, the times of rats crossing the original platform area, the residence time in the original platform quadrant, and the percentage of alternation increased. TEAS can improve the structure of hippocampal neurons and mitochondria of VD rats, showing that neurons were arranged more regularly and distributed more evenly, nuclear membrane and nucleoli were clearer, and mitochondrial swelling were reduced, mitochondrial matrix density were increased, and mitochondrial cristae were more obvious. The levels of SOD, GSH-Px and CAT in serum increased significantly, while the concentration of MDA and ROS decreased. TEAS also up-regulated the expression levels of PGC-1α TFAM, NQO1 and HO-1 proteins in the hippocampus and Nrf2, NRF1 proteins in the nucleus, but down-regulated the Keap1 protein in the cytoplasm. ConclusionTEAS can improve cognition, hippocampal neurons and mitochondrial structure of VD rats, and the effect is better than EA. The mechanism may be the activation of PGC-1α mediated mitochondrial biogenesis and antioxidant stress, which also provides a potential therapeutic technology and experimental basis for the treatment of VD.

Research advance in preparation and functional modification of porous polytetrafluoroethylene artificial blood vessels / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND:Medium-and large-diameter polytetrafluoroethylene artificial blood vessels have been widely used in clinical practice.However,most of the products were imported from other countries.Small-diameter porous polytetrafluoroethylene vessels are easy to form thrombosis and intimal hyperplasia,resulting in an extremely low long-term patency rate,which is difficult to fulfill clinical requirements. OBJECTIVE:To review and summarize the research progress of polytetrafluoroethylene in the field of artificial blood vessels,which can provide a reference for the functional modification of small-diameter polytetrafluoroethylene artificial blood vessels and the improvement of their long-term patency rate. METHODS:The relevant articles published from October 2022 to March 2023 in CNKI,Web of Science,Wiley Online Library,SpringerLink,Science Direct and IOP Science databases were searched by the first author.The search terms in Chinese were"porous polytetrafluoroethylene,vascular graft,electrospinning,medical application,functional modification".The search terms in English were"ePTFE,porous polytetrafluoroethylene,vascular graft,electrospinning,medical application,functional modification".All the articles about the preparation and modification of polytetrafluoroethylene artificial blood vessels were retrieved. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The preparation and functional modification of porous polytetrafluoroethylene artificial blood vessels were still research hotspots and difficult problems.From the research progress in and outside China in recent years,the preparation of porous polytetrafluoroethylene artificial blood vessels mainly adopted the rapid thermal stretching method,but the preparation of polytetrafluoroethylene artificial blood vessels by electrospinning was a promising new method.By analyzing and summarizing different functional modification methods,it was found that the long-term patency rate of porous polytetrafluoroethylene artificial blood vessels had been improved.However,the functional modification of small-diameter polytetrafluoroethylene artificial blood vessels still needed further exploration and optimization.

Growth differentiation factor 15 predicts cardiovascular events in stable coronary artery disease / 老年心脏病学杂志（英文版）

BACKGROUND@#Growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF-15) has been explored as a potential biomarker for various inflammatory diseases and cardiovascular events. This study aimed to assess the predictive role of GDF-15 levels in cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality, considering traditional risk factors and other biomarkers.@*METHODS@#A prospective study was conducted and 3699 patients with stable coronary artery disease (CAD) were enrolled into the research. Baseline GDF-15 levels were measured. Median follow-up was 3.1 years during the study. We analyzed clinical variables and several biomarkers. Multivariable Cox regression analysis was performed to evaluate prognostic performance of GDF-15 levels in predicting myocardial infarction (MI), heart failure, stroke, cardiovascular death, and non-cardiovascular death.@*RESULTS@#Baseline GDF-15 levels for 3699 patients were grouped by quartile (≤ 1153, 1153-1888, 1888-3043, > 3043 ng/L). Higher GDF-15 levels were associated with older age, male gender, history of hypertension, and elevated levels of N-terminal pro B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-pro BNP), soluble suppression of tumorigenesis-2 (sST2), and creatine (each with P < 0.001). Adjusting for established risk factors and biomarkers in Cox proportional hazards models, a 1 standard deviation (SD) increase in GDF-15 was associated with elevated risk of clinical events [hazard ratio (HR) = 2.18, 95% confidence interval (CI): (1.52-3.11)], including: MI [HR = 2.83 95% CI: (1.03-7.74)], heart failure [HR = 2.71 95% CI: (1.18-6.23)], cardiovascular and non-cardiovascular death [HR = 2.48, 95% CI (1.49-4.11)] during the median follow up of 3.1 years.@*CONCLUSIONS@#Higher levels of GDF-15 consistently provides prognostic information for cardiovascular events and all cause death, independent of clinical risk factors and other biomarkers. GDF-15 could be considered as a valuable addition to future risk prediction model in secondary prevention for predicting clinical events in patient with stable CAD.

The effect of topical oxygen therapy on the intervention of patients with diabetic foot ulcers:a Meta-analysis / 中华护理杂志

Objective To systematically analyze and compare studies related to the intervention effect of topical oxygen therapy on patients with diabetic foot ulcers,and provide references for nursing practice.Methods We searched PubMed,Embase,Web of Science,CENTRAL,CINAHL,Clinical Trial,China Biomedical Literature Database,CNKI,Wanfang Database,and VIP from inception to February 1,2023,to collect studies on the effect of topical oxygen therapy interventions on patients with diabetic foot ulcers.2 researchers independently screened the litera-ture,and extracted the information,and a meta-analysis of the included literature was performed by RevMan 5.4 software.Results 8 studies with 622 patients were included.Meta-analysis results showed that compared with con ventional care,topical oxygen therapy improved the response rate[RR=1.59,95％CI(1.16,2.17),P=0.004]and the reduction of diabetic foot ulcer area[MD=28.78,95％CI(14.83,42.73),P＜0.001],and the method did not increase the incidence of adverse events[RR=0.83,95％CI(0.63,1.10),P=0.190],but the difference was not statistically significant in terms of healing time[MD=9.86,95％CI(-15.39,35.11),P=0.440].Conclusion Topical oxygen therapy helps to im-prove the response rate and reduce the ulcer size in patients with diabetic foot ulcers with a better safety profile,but the effect of the intervention on healing time is unclear.Further high-quality randomized controlled trials should be conducted in the future to validate the efficacy of topical oxygen therapy in patients with diabetic foot ulcers.

A multicenter survey on the current status of human caring in hospital wards in China / 中华医院管理杂志

Objective:To explore the current situation of nursing human caring in hospital wards and analyze its influencing factors, so as to facilitate the development of nursing human caring practice.Methods:From July to November 2022, a total of 107 hospitals were surveyed through stratified convenience sampling method, and 4 072 ward nursing managers were recruited to finish the general information questionnaire and the ward nursing human caring status questionnaire. The general information included the region, class and type of the hospital, etc. The ward nursing human caring status questionnaire included 38 items in 5 dimensions of nursing human caring system and process, humanistic quality and training of nursing staff, humanistic environment and facilities, human caring procedures and measures, and human caring quality evaluation and improvement, with a full score of 190 points. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the general data, independent samples t-test, ANOVA and correlation analysis were used to analyze the factors influencing the current status of nursing human caring in the ward, while multiple linear regression analysis was used to conduct a multivariate analysis. Results:The score of nursing human caring in hospital wards was 156.91±27.78. Whether the hospital had carried out nursing human caring pilot(demonstration) wards, whether the ward had previously been a hospital nursing human caring pilot(demonstration) nursing unit, the type of ward, and whether nursing managers had participated in human caring training were the influencing factors of the implication of nursing humanistic caring in wards( P<0.05). Conclusions:The practice of nursing human caring in hospital wards is at a good level, but needs to be further strengthened. Nursing managers should take systematically strategies to promote the development of nursing human caring practice.

Association of maternal isolated thyroid peroxidase antibody positive in the first trimester with fetal growth / 北京大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the association of isolated thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb) positive in the first trimester with fetal growth.@*METHODS@#A total of 16 446 pregnant women were included in the birth cohort study, whose last menstrual period was between May 2016 and April 2019 and with singleton pregnancy. Maternal serum samples were collected when they firstly came for prenatal care in the first trimester. The pregnant women were consecutively seen and followed in the hospital and the information of pregnant women was extracted from the electronic medical information system. The pregnant women were divided into isolated TPOAb positive group (n=1 654) and euthyroid group (n=14 792). Three fetal ultrasound examinations were scheduled during the routine prenatal visits at the hospital and were performed by trained sonographers. All fetal growth indicators were quantified as gestational age- and gender- adjusted standard deviation score (Z-score) using the generalized additive models for location, scale and shape (GAMLSS). Fetal growth indicators included estimated fetal weight (EFW), abdominal circumference (AC), biparietal diameter (BPD), femur length (FL) and head circumference (HC). Fetal growth restriction (FGR) was defined as AC or EFW Z-score＜3rd centile based on clinical consensus. Generalized estimating equation (GEE) analysis was applied to assess the association of maternal isolated TPOAb positive with fetal growth. The generalized linear model was further used to analyze the association between isolated TPOAb positive and fetal growth indicator at different gestational ages when the fetal growth indicator was significantly associated with isolated TPOAb positive in the GEE mo-del.@*RESULTS@#The median gestational age at three ultrasound measurements was 23.6 (23.3, 24.1), 30.3 (29.7, 30.9), 37.3 (37.0, 37.7) weeks, respectively. The BPD Z-score was higher in isolated TPOAb positive women, compared with the euthyroid pregnant women after adjustment (β=0.057, 95%CI: 0.014-0.100, P=0.009). The generalized linear model showed the BPD Z-score was higher in the isolated TPOAb positive women at the end of 21-25 weeks (β=0.052, 95%CI: 0.001-0.103, P=0.044), 29-32 weeks (β=0.055, 95%CI: 0.004-0.107, P=0.035) and 36-40 weeks (β=0.068, 95%CI: 0.011-0.125, P=0.020), compared with the euthyroid pregnant women. There was no difference in other fetal growth indicators (EFW, AC, FL and HC) and FGR between the isolated TPOAb positive and euthyroid pregnant women.@*CONCLUSION@#The BPD Z-score was slightly increased in the isolated TPOAb positive pregnant women in the first trimester, while other fetal growth indicators were not changed. The reproducibility and practical significance of this result need to be confirmed.

BRICS report of 2021: The distribution and antimicrobial resistance profile of clinical bacterial isolates from blood stream infections in China / 中华临床感染病杂志

Objective:To report the results of national surveillance on the distribution and antimicrobial resistance profile of clinical bacterial isolates from bloodstream infections in China in 2021.Methods:The clinical bacterial strains isolated from blood culture from member hospitals of Blood Bacterial Resistant Investigation Collaborative System (BRICS) were collected during January 2021 to December 2021. Antibiotic susceptibility tests were conducted by agar dilution or broth dilution methods recommended by Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). WHONET 5.6 was used to analyze data.Results:During the study period, 11 013 bacterial strains were collected from 51 hospitals, of which 2 782 (25.3%) were Gram-positive bacteria and 8 231 (74.7%) were Gram-negative bacteria. The top 10 bacterial species were Escherichia coli (37.6%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (18.9%), Staphylococcus aureus (9.8%), coagulase-negative Staphylococci (6.3%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (3.6%), Enterococcus faecium (3.6%), Acinetobacter baumannii (2.8%), Enterococcus faecalis (2.7%), Enterobacter cloacae (2.5%) and Klebsiella spp (2.1%). The prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative Staphylococcus aureus were 25.3% and 76.8%, respectively. No glycopeptide- and daptomycin-resistant Staphylococci was detected; more than 95.0% of Staphylococcus aureus were sensitive to ceftobiprole. No vancomycin-resistant Enterococci strains were detected. The rates of extended spectrum B-lactamase (ESBL)-producing isolated in Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Proteus mirabilis were 49.6%, 25.5% and 39.0%, respectively. The prevalence rates of carbapenem-resistance in Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae were 2.2% and 15.8%, respectively; 7.9% of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae was resistant to ceftazidime/avibactam combination. Ceftobiprole demonstrated excellent activity against non-ESBL-producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Aztreonam/avibactam was highly active against carbapenem-resistant Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae. The prevalence rate of carbapenem-resistance in Acinetobacter baumannii was 60.0%, while polymyxin and tigecycline showed good activity against Acinetobacter baumannii (5.5% and 4.5%). The prevalence of carbapenem-resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa was 18.9%. Conclusions:The BRICS surveillance results in 2021 shows that the main pathogens of blood stream infection in China are gram-negative bacteria, in which Escherichia coli is the most common. The MRSA incidence shows a further decreasing trend in China and the overall prevalence of vancomycin-resistant Enterococci is low. The prevalence of Carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae is still on a high level, but the trend is downwards.

Risk signal mining of ixazomib based on the database of FAERS / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE To explore the risk signal of ixazomib and provide a reference for clinically rational drug use. METHODS The Open Vigil 2.1 online tool was used to extract the data of adverse drug events （ADE） reported by the database of FDA adverse event reporting system （FAERS） from the launch of ixazomib in America （November 20th， 2015） to the latest update of the Open Vigil website （March 31st， 2023）. The data were mined by using the proportional reporting ratio （PRR） and Bayesian confidence propagation neural network （BCPNN） of the proportional imbalance method. The signals were coded by system organ class （SOC） and preferred term （PT） according to MedDRA v25.1. RESULTS A total of 13 841 ADE reports with ixazomib as the “primary subject” were extracted， involving slightly more male patients （49.53%）， and most of them were 65 years old and above （72.48%）； the reports came from 57 countries/regions， mainly America （52.90%）. A total of 186 positive signals were excavated， with 51 high-intensity， 99 medium-intensity， and 36 low-intensity signals， involving 19 SOCs. The top 50 PT in frequency and signal intensity of PRR included neuropathy peripheral （414 cases， high-intensity signal）， platelet count decreased （379 cases， high-intensity signal）， thrombocytopenia （360 cases， high-intensity signal）， cytopenia （75 cases， high-intensity signal） and neurological symptoms （41 cases， high-intensity signal）. SOC involved included nervous system disorders， investigations， and blood and lymphatic system disorders. ADE occurred most frequently in gastrointestinal diseases （2 588 cases）， including diarrhea （1 077 cases， high-intensity signal）， nausea （737 cases， medium-intensity signal）， vomiting （459 cases， medium-intensity signal）， constipation （275 cases， medium-intensity signal）， and so on. The positive signals of infections and infestations contained the largest number of PTs， and most of them were not recorded in the drug instruction， including 12 high-intensity signals （1 030 cases） and 30 medium-intensity signals （627 cases）， which were mainly distributed in lung infection， upper respiratory infection， gastrointestinal infection， sepsis， herpes zoster and so on. The signals of cardiac amyloidosis （7 cases， high-intensity signal） and acute coronary syndrome （14 cases， high-intensity signal） of cardiac disorders and renal dysfunction （91 cases， medium-intensity signal） of renal and urinary disorders were all strong and had not been recorded in the drug instruction. CONCLUSIONS In addition to routine attention to the common ADE of ixazomib in gastrointestinal diseases，nervous system disorders and blood and lymphatic system disorders， clinical attention should also be paid to various infections that may occur during the treatment of patients， and the occurrence of cardiovascular toxicity and renal dysfunction should be monitored.

From the perspective of exploring new models of knowledge services in hospital knowledge innovation / 现代医院

Science and technology innovation of health service is an important part of Strategy of Strengthening China through Science and Technology.From the perspective of knowledge innovation,this paper clarifies the important value of knowl-edge innovation services for innovation driven development strategy,anddiscusses the development path of knowledge innovation services for medical libraries.It also takes the practice of Guang'anmen Hospital China Academy of Chinese Medical Science in carrying out knowledge innovation services as an example to explore a new model for hospital library knowledge innovation services by building the knowledge innovation service mechanism,improving knowledge service content,and establishing interdisciplinary service teams.

Epidemiological characteristics and influencing factors of Blastocystis hominis infection among children with diarrhea under five years of age in Guangzhou City / 中国血吸虫病防治杂志

Objective To investigate the prevalence and influencing factors of Blastocystis hominis infection among children with diarrhea under five years of age in Guangzhou City. Methods Children with diarrhea under 5 years of age admitted to Guangzhou Children’s hospital, Guangzhou Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital and Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center during the period between January 1 and December 31, 2020, were enrolled. Participants’ demographics, living environments and health status were collected using questionnaire surveys. Stool samples were collected from participants and nucleic acid was extracted. B. hominis infection was identified using PCR assay and sequence alignment, and the factors affecting B. hominis infection among children with diarrhea under 5 years of age were identified using univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression analysis. Results A total of 684 children with diarrhea under 5 years of age were enrolled, including 468 male children and 216 female children, with a mean age of (1.79 ± 1.12) years. The overall prevalence of B. hominis infection was 4.97% [34/684, 95% confidential interval (CI): (3.59%, 6.86%)] among participants, and there was no significant difference in the prevalence of B. hominis infection between children with chronic [7.52% (20/266), 95% CI: (4.92%, 11.33%)] and acute diarrhea [3.35% (14/418), 95% CI: (2.01%, 5.54%)] (χ2 = 5.983, P = 0.014). Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified keeping pet [odds ratio (OR) = 6.298, 95% CI: (2.711, 14.633)], drinking non-tap water [OR = 4.522, 95% CI: (1.769, 11.561)], lactose intolerance [OR = 4.221, 95% CI: (1.043, 17.087)], antibiotic use [OR = 0.125, 95% CI: (0.017, 0.944)] and chronic diarrhea [OR = 2.172, 95% CI: (1.018, 4.637)] as factors affecting B. hominis infection among children with diarrhea under 5 years of age in Guangzhou City. Conclusions B. hominis infections is detected in children with diarrhea under five years of age in Guangzhou City. Improving home environments and pet-keeping hygiene is recommended to reduce the likelihood of B. hominis infection among children.

TDZD-8 alleviates oxaliplatin induced neuropathic pain / 中国药理学通报

Aim To explore the effect of GSK-3β (glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta) inhibitor TDZD-8 on the neuropathic pain induced by side effects of chemotherapeutic drug oxaliplatin and the underlying mechanism. Methods The rat model of oxaliplatin-induced neuropathic pain was established by intraperitoneal injection of oxaliplatin for five consecutive days; the anti-nociception effect was detected by intrathecal injection of TDZD-8. The spontaneous flinches and mechanical pain threshold were used to detect the changes of pain behavior of rats; immunofluorescence and Western blot analysis were used to detect the changes of spinal inflammation and protein levels of rats. Results Intrathecally injection of TDZD-8 significantly alleviated oxaliplatin induced hyperalgesia in rats. TDZD-8 injection obviously inhibited the activation spinal microglia and the inflammatory reaction. TDZD-8 administration significantly inhibited GSK-3β activation. Conclusion TDZD-8 blocks GSK-3β activation, decreases NLRP3 (NOD-, LRR-, and pyrin domain-containing protein 3) inflammasome mediated spinal inflammation and alleviates neuropathic pain.

The Latest Research Progress of Selinexor in the Treatment of Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma --Review / 中国实验血液学杂志

Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) is a common lymphoid hematological malignancy, the treatment and prognosis of NHL have always been the focus of clinical attention. Chemotherapy is the main first-line treatment, but there is still no effective treatment for patients with poor response to chemotherapy, recurrence or progression within a short period of time after treatment, and new and effective drugs need to be developed clinically. As the only clinically validated oral selective inhibitor of nuclear export (SINE), Selinexor has been approved for the treatment of relapsed/refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and multiple myeloma, clinical attempts are being made to apply it to the treatment of other hematological malignancies.This article reviews the anti-tumor mechanism of Selinexor and the latest research progress in its application in NHL, and provides ideas for a more diverse, standardized and effective applications of Selinexor in NHL.

Clinicopathological features and prognosis of kidney injury in patients after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation / 中华预防医学杂志

To summarize the clinicopathological features and prognosis of kidney injury after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), to provide basis for preventing its occurrence and development. By using a retrospective cohort study method, we collected the clinical and renal biopsy pathological data of all the patients who hospitalized in the Department of Nephrology of Peking University First Hospital from June 2011 to June 2021 with renal injury after HSCT and underwent renal biopsy, and prognosis was followed up by telephone. The clinical laboratory characteristics, renal pathology and prognosis, and their association were analyzed. The results showed that the most common clinical phenotype was chronic kidney disease (CKD,69.2%, 18/26), in this term 13/18 patients received stem cells from haploidentical donors, and 11/18 patients experienced with extrarenal graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). The most common pathologic phenotype was thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA, 61.5%, 16/26). Renal function returned to baseline level in 6 patients, and the kidney survival at 2 years and 5 years were 95.7% (22/23) and 87.5% (14/16), respectively. In conclusion, the clinical phenotype of renal injury after HSCT were mainly CKD, and the most common pathologic phenotype was TMA, the long-term prognosis was favourable.

Mutation characteristics of osteosarcoma: a single center study of 64 cases using next-generation sequencing / 中华病理学杂志

Objective: To investigate the distribution and characteristics of gene mutations in osteosarcoma, and to analyze the frequency and types of detectable mutations, and to identify potential targets for individualized treatment of osteosarcoma. Methods: The fresh tissue or paraffin-embedded tissue samples of 64 cases of osteosarcoma that were surgically resected or biopsied and then subject to next generation sequencing, were collected from Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, China from November 2018 to December 2021. The tumor DNA was extracted to detect the somatic and germline mutations using targeted sequencing technology. Results: Among the 64 patients, 41 were males and 23 were females. The patient age ranged from 6 to 65 years with a median age of 17 years, including 36 children (under 18 years old) and 28 adults. There were 52 cases of conventional osteosarcoma, 3 cases of telangiectatic osteosarcoma, 7 cases of secondary osteosarcoma, and 2 cases of parosteosarcoma. The detection rate of gene mutations was overall 84.4% (54/64). There were 324 variations in 180 mutated genes, including 125 genes with copy number variations, 109 single nucleotide variants, 83 insertions or deletions, and 7 gene fusions. The most common mutated genes were TP53, VEGFA, CCND3, ATRX, MYC, RB1, PTEN, GLI1, CDK4 and PTPRD. Among them, TP53 had the highest mutation rate (21/64, 32.8%), single nucleotide variant was the main mutation type (14/23, 60.9%), and 2 cases carried the TP53 germline mutation. VEGFA and CCND3 showed copy number amplification simultaneously in 7 cases. Conclusions: The high-frequency mutation of TP53 suggests that it plays an important role in the pathogenesis and development of osteosarcoma. VEGFA, CCND3 and ATRX are mutated genes in osteosarcoma and worthy of further studies. Combination of pathologic diagnosis and next generation sequencing with clinical practice can guide individualized treatment for patients with refractory, recurrent and metastatic osteosarcoma.

LncRNA SBF2-AS1 Regulates Invasion and Proliferation of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells Through miR-372-3p/CDK6 Axis / 肿瘤防治研究

Objective To investigate the effects of lncRNA SBF2-AS1 on the proliferation and invasion of hepatoma cells by regulating the miR-372-3p/CDK6 pathway. Methods Bel7402 and SK-hep1 cells were selected as research objects. The expression levels of SBF2-AS1, miR-372-3p, and CDK6 were up- or down-regulated according to different experimental stages, while the expression levels of miR-372-3p and CDK6 in cells were detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR and Western blot. Dual luciferase reporter assay verified the targeting relationships between SBF2-AS1 and miR-372-3p as well as miR-372-3p and CDK6, respectively. CCK-8, colony formation assay, Transwell, cell cycle assay, and flow cytometry were used to analyze cell proliferation, colony formation, migration/invasion ability, cell cycle activity, and apoptosis. Results SBF2-AS1 was highly expressed in hepatocellular carcinoma cells (P<0.05). SBF2-AS1 knockdown resulted in decreased proliferation and invasion of Bel7402 and SK-hep1 cells (P<0.05). After miR-372-3p knockdown, the proliferation capacity and invasion number of Bel7402 cells were significantly increased. However, the above results were reversed after SBF2-AS1 knockdown (P<0.05). In addition, miR-372-3p targeted CDK6 and inhibited its expression, although over-expressing SFB2-AS1 could reverse the above results (P<0.05). Over-expressing CDK6 could reverse the inhibition of over-expressing miR-372-3p on the proliferation and invasion of Bel7402 cells. Conclusion LncRNA SBF2-AS1 can positively regulate the expression of CDK6 through miR-372-3p. It can also influence the distribution of cell cycle and affect the proliferation and invasion abilities of hepatocellular carcinoma cells.

Bioactive ingredients in activated platelet-rich plasma derived from cord blood and adult blood via Luminex technology: a comparative study / 中国输血杂志

【Objective】 To compare the bioactive ingredients in activated platelet-rich plasma (PRP) from cord blood and adult blood, explore its reasonable indicators reflecting the inflammatory regulation ability, in order to guide the preparation. 【Methods】 PRP was prepared and activated from 63 healthy adults (31 males, 32 females) and 61 neonates (30 males, 31 females), and 20 cytokines were measured using Luminex technology for assessing the age- and sex-based bioactive differences of PRP. High-sensitivity C-reactive protein(hs-CRP), procalcitonin and MMPs/TIMPs from each sample were measured for their correlations with the 10 inflammation-related cytokines. 【Results】 The activated cord blood PRP released 10 growth factors and chemokines more than the adult blood PRP, whereas IGF-1, HGF and 8 pro-inflammatory cytokines lower than the latter. Most cytokines of adult PRP were more in females than in males (P<0.05), except for IGF-1 and HGF, which showed no difference by gender. Compared with hs-CRP and PCT, MMPs/TIMPs ratio was more closely related with the inflammation-related cytokines, which can reflect the inflammatory regulation of PRP. 【Conclusion】 Due to the lower immunocompetence and no age or gender disturbance, cord blood PRP has the rational MMPs/TIMPs ratio and more cytokines which promote the inflammation and wound healing.

Diagnosis and treatment of 11 patients with cevical spondylotic amyotrophy / 中国骨伤

OBJECTIVE@#To explore clinical features, treatment methods and clinical effects of cervical spondylosis with proximal muscular atrophy.@*METHODS@#Eleven patients with proximal-type cervical spondylotic amyotrophy were retrospectively studied from September 2016 to November 2020, including 7 males and 4 females, aged 38 to 68 years old. Clinical symptoms, MRI and neuroelectrophysiological manifestations were analyzed, and patients were treated with conservative treatment or anterior cervical decompression fusion surgery, respectively. The efficacy was evaluated by manual muscle test (MMT) before and after treatment, and patients' satisfaction was followed up at the same time.@*RESULTS@#All patients were followed up for 6 to 19 months. All 11 patients were unilateral, mainly manifested by atrophy of deltoid muscle, supraspinatus muscle and infraspinatus muscle, and may be accompanied by ipsilateral neck and shoulder pain at early stage. MRI showed lesions at C4,5, C5,6 segments were more common. Electrophysiological examination showed the affected muscle was denervated, and amplitude of compound muscle action potential (CMAP) of innervated nerve on the affected side was lower than that on the healthy side. All patients were obtained bone fusion. One patient who were underwent anterior cervical corpectomy and fusion (ACCF) occurred developed contralateral C5 nerve root paralysis after operation, which recovered completely after 10 weeks of symptomatic treatment. At 12 months after operation, the efficacy was evaluated according to MMT, 3 patients were treated conservatively, 2 patients excellent and 1 good;in 8 patients treated by operation, 3 patients were excellent, 4 good, and 1 moderate.@*CONCLUSION@#The incidence of cervical spondylosis with proximal muscular atrophy is low, which is manifested as unilateral proximal muscle atrophy and may be accompanied by ipsilateral neck and shoulder pain in the early stage. Combined with MRI and neuroelectrophysiological examination, misdiagnosis could be reduced. In the early stage of disease, especially in the case of nucleus pulposus protrusion leading to nerve compression, conservative treatment could be taken. When the conservative treatment is ineffective or the pain cannot be tolerated, anterior decompression surgery is recommended, and the overall effect is satisfactory.

Construction of assessment index system on the capacity of clinical medical postgraduate tutor and analysis of its reliability and validity / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Objective:To establish an assessment index system on the capacity of clinical medical postgraduate tutor.Methods:On the basis of "literature optimization method", the index system was initially constructed by 14 experts with "Delphi method". Then, through the survey of 109 people, the reliability and validity were tested by Cronbach's α coefficient and exploratory factor analysis. And analytic hierarchy process was used to calculate the weight coefficient of each index. SPSS 26.0 and AMOS 26.0 were applied for statistical analysis. Results:The assessment index system consisted of 2 first-level indexes, 5 second-level indexes and 27 third-level indexes. The Cronbach's α coefficient of the total index system, first-level indexes and second-level indexes ranged from 0.833 to 0.931. Five common factors were extracted by exploratory factor analysis, and the connotation of factors were basically consistent with the theoretical structure. A confirmatory factor model was established with 5 second-level indexes as the first-order factors, what's more, the theoretical model fitted well with the actual data. The combined weight values of "teaching attitude of the tutor", "medical ethics of the tutor", "scientific research projects of the tutor", "dissertation quality of the graduate students", "the quality of the scientific research and training of the graduate students", "the quality of the clinical training of the graduate students", and "disposable scientific research funds of the tutor" ranked in the top 7 weights of third-level indexes. Conclusion:This assessment index system has good reliability and validity with reasonable connotation, which could be used as a reference for tutor evaluation.