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3.
Статья в английский | WPRIM | ID: wpr-176936

Реферат

PURPOSE: Rabies viruses (RABV) circulating worldwide in various carnivores occasionally cause fatal encephalitis in swine. In this study, the safety and immunogenicity of a recombinant rabies virus, the ERAGS strain constructed with a reverse genetics system, was evaluated in domestic pigs. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Growing pigs were administered 1 mL (108.0 FAID50/mL) of the ERAGS strain via intramuscular (IM) or oral routes and were observed for 4 weeks' post-inoculation. Three sows were also inoculated with 1 mL of the ERAGS strain via the IM route. The safety and immunogenicity in swine were evaluated using daily observation and a virus-neutralizing assay (VNA). Fluorescent antibody tests (FAT) for the RABV antigen and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assays for the detection of the nucleocapsid (N) gene of RABV were conducted with brain tissues from the sows after necropsy. RESULTS: The growing pigs and sows administered the ERAGS strain did not exhibit any clinical sign of rabies during the test period test and did develop VNA titers. The growing pigs inoculated with the ERAGS strain via the IM route showed higher VNA titers than did those receiving oral administration. FAT and RT-PCR assays were unable to detect RABV in several tissues, including brain samples from the sows. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that the ERAGS strain was safe in growing pigs and sows and induced moderate VNA titers in pigs.


Тема - темы
Administration, Oral , Brain , Encephalitis , Nucleocapsid , Rabies virus , Rabies , Reverse Genetics , Sus scrofa , Swine , Vaccines
4.
Статья в английский | WPRIM | ID: wpr-176937

Реферат

PURPOSE: The development of a genetically modified live rabies vaccine applicable to wild raccoon dogs is necessary for the eradication of rabies in Korea. Thus, we constructed a recombinant rabies virus (RABV) called the ERAGS strain, using a reverse genetic system and evaluated its safety and efficacy in mice and its safety and immunogenicity in raccoon dogs. MATERIALS AND METHODS: ERAGS, which has Asn194Ser and Arg333Glu substitutions in the glycoprotein, was constructed using site-directed mutagenesis. Mice were inoculated with the ERAGS strain (either 10(5.0) or 10(7.0) FAID(50)/mL) via intramuscular (IM) or intracranial injections and then challenged with a virulent RABV. Raccoon dogs were administered the ERAGS strain (10(8.0) FAID(50)/mL) either orally or via the IM route and the immunogenicity of the strain was evaluated using fluorescent antibody virus neutralization tests. RESULTS: The ERAGS strain inoculated into murine neuroblastoma cells reached 10(7.8) FAID(50)/mL at 96-hour post-inoculation. The virus was not pathogenic and induced complete protection from virulent RABV in immunized 4- and 6-week-old mice. Korean raccoon dogs immunized with the ERAGS strain via IM or oral route were also safe from the virus and developed high titer levels (26.4-32.8 IU/mL) of virus-neutralizing antibody (VNA) at 4 weeks post-inoculation. CONCLUSION: The ERAGS RABV strain was effectively protective against rabies in mice and produced a high VNA titer in raccoon dogs.


Тема - темы
Animals , Mice , Glycoproteins , Korea , Mouth , Mutagenesis, Site-Directed , Neuroblastoma , Neutralization Tests , Rabies Vaccines , Rabies virus , Rabies , Raccoon Dogs , Raccoons , Vaccines
5.
Статья в английский | WPRIM | ID: wpr-770838

Реферат

BACKGROUND: A randomized, multicenter, open-label, parallel group study was performed to compare the effects of remifentanil and morphine as analgesic drugs on the duration of weaning time from mechanical ventilation (MV). METHODS: A total of 96 patients with MV in 6 medical and surgical intensive care units were randomly assigned to either, remifentanil (0.1-0.2 mcg/kg/min, n = 49) or morphine (0.8-35 mg/hr, n = 47) from the weaning start. The weaning time was defined as the total ventilation time minus the sum of controlled mode duration. RESULTS: Compared with the morphine group, the remifentanil-based analgesic group showed a tendency of shorter weaning time (mean 143.9 hr, 89.7 hr, respectively: p = 0.069). Secondary outcomes such as total ventilation time, successful weaning rate at the 7th of MV day was similar in both groups. There was also no difference in the mortality rate at the 7th and 28th hospital day. Kaplan-Meyer curve for weaning was not different between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: Remifentanil usage during the weaning phase tended to decrease weaning time compared with morphine usage.


Тема - темы
Humans , Analgesics , Critical Care , Morphine , Mortality , Respiration, Artificial , Ventilation , Ventilator Weaning , Weaning
6.
Статья в английский | WPRIM | ID: wpr-9788

Реферат

BACKGROUND: The aims of this study were to compare the efficacy of sevoflurane inhalation alone, intravenous remifentanil alone, and the combination of sevoflurane inhalation and remifentanil as pretreatment for the prevention of rocuronium-induced withdrawal movement in pediatric patients. METHODS: In this prospective, randomized study, 90 American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status I or II pediatric patients aged 3 to 10 years were randomly allocated to one of three treatment groups: The Group S comprising the patients receiving sevoflurane inhalation, the Group R comprising those doing intravenous remifentanil 0.5 microg/kg and the Group C comprising those doing sevoflurane inhalation+intravenous remifentanil 0.5 microg/kg. The response of the patients was graded based on a 4-point scale. RESULTS: The overall incidence of withdrawal movement on rocuronium injection was 54% (16/30) in the Group S, 57% (17/30) in the Group R and 17% (5/30) in the Group C. There was no significant difference in the incidence of withdrawal movements on rocuronium injection between the Group S and Group R. In addition, the incidence of withdrawal movements and generalized movement on rocuronium injection was significantly lower in the Group C as compared with the Group S and R (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicate not only that there was no significant difference in the degree of the effect in lowering the incidence of withdrawal movements on rocuronium injection between sevoflurane inhalation and intravenous remifentanil but also that it was significantly higher when combined with intravenous remifentanil as compared with the single use of sevoflurane inhalation or intravenous remifentanil.


Тема - темы
Child , Humans , Incidence , Inhalation , Pediatrics , Prospective Studies
7.
Статья в английский | WPRIM | ID: wpr-112001

Реферат

There is a lack of information on critical care in Korea. The aim of this study was to determine the current status of Korean intensive care units (ICUs), focusing on the organization, characteristics of admitted patients, and nurse and physician staffing. Critical care specialists in charge of all 105 critical care specialty training hospitals nationwide completed a questionnaire survey. Among the ICUs, 56.4% were located in or near the capital city. Only 38 ICUs (17.3%) had intensive care specialists with a 5-day work week. The average daytime nurse-to-patient ratio was 1:2.7. Elderly people > or = 65 yr of age comprised 53% of the adult patients. The most common reasons for admission to adult ICUs were respiratory insufficiency and postoperative management. Nurse and physician staffing was insufficient for the appropriate critical care in many ICUs. Staffing was worse in areas outside the capital city. Much effort, including enhanced reimbursement of critical care costs, must be made to improve the quality of critical care at the national level.


Тема - темы
Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Humans , Middle Aged , Critical Care/organization & administration , Hospitals , Intensive Care Units , Nursing Staff, Hospital/statistics & numerical data , Outcome Assessment, Health Care , Physicians/statistics & numerical data , Surveys and Questionnaires , Republic of Korea
8.
Статья в английский | WPRIM | ID: wpr-145404

Реферат

BACKGROUND: A randomized, multicenter, open-label, parallel group study was performed to compare the effects of remifentanil and morphine as analgesic drugs on the duration of weaning time from mechanical ventilation (MV). METHODS: A total of 96 patients with MV in 6 medical and surgical intensive care units were randomly assigned to either, remifentanil (0.1-0.2 mcg/kg/min, n = 49) or morphine (0.8-35 mg/hr, n = 47) from the weaning start. The weaning time was defined as the total ventilation time minus the sum of controlled mode duration. RESULTS: Compared with the morphine group, the remifentanil-based analgesic group showed a tendency of shorter weaning time (mean 143.9 hr, 89.7 hr, respectively: p = 0.069). Secondary outcomes such as total ventilation time, successful weaning rate at the 7th of MV day was similar in both groups. There was also no difference in the mortality rate at the 7th and 28th hospital day. Kaplan-Meyer curve for weaning was not different between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: Remifentanil usage during the weaning phase tended to decrease weaning time compared with morphine usage.


Тема - темы
Humans , Analgesics , Critical Care , Morphine , Mortality , Respiration, Artificial , Ventilation , Ventilator Weaning , Weaning
9.
Статья в английский | WPRIM | ID: wpr-61144

Реферат

BACKGROUND: The frequent and distressing adverse events (AEs) of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) are of major concern in 63-84% of adult patients undergoing thyroidectomy. We conducted this prospective study to compare two prophylactic strategies; sevoflurane combined with ramosetron and propofol-based total intravenous anesthesia in a homogenous group of non-smoking women undergoing total thyroidectomy. METHODS: In the current prospective study, we enrolled a consecutive series of 64 female patients aged between 20 and 65 years with an American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status of I or II who were scheduled to undergo elective total thyroidectomy under general anesthesia. Patients were randomized to either the SR (sevoflurane and remifentanil) group or the TIVA group. We evaluated the incidence and severity of PONV, the use of rescue anti-emetics and the severity of pain during the first 24 h after surgery. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in the proportion of the patients with a complete response and the Rhodes index, including the occurrence score, distress score and experience score, between the two groups. In addition, there were no significant differences in the proportion of the patients who were in need of rescue anti-emetics or analgesics and the VAS scores between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, TIVA and ramosetron prophylaxis reduced the expected incidence of PONV in women undergoing total thyroidectomy. In addition, there was no significant difference in the efficacy during the first 24 h postoperatively between the two prophylactic regimens.


Тема - темы
Adult , Female , Humans , Analgesics , Anesthesia, General , Anesthesia, Intravenous , Antiemetics , Incidence , Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting , Propofol , Prospective Studies , Thyroidectomy
10.
Статья в английский | WPRIM | ID: wpr-59807

Реферат

BACKGROUND: The authors evaluated the effect of intrathecal mixture of ginsenosides with neostigmine on formalin-induced nociception and made further clear the role of the spinal muscarinic (M) receptors on the activity of ginsenosides. METHODS: A catheter was located in the intrathecal space of male Sprague-Dawley rats. Pain was evoked by injection of formalin solution (5%, 50 microl) to the hindpaw. Isobolographic analysis was done to characterize drug interaction between ginsenosides and neostigmine. The antagonism of ginsenosides-mediated antinociception was determined with M1 receptor antagonist (pirenzepine), M2 receptor antagonist (methoctramine), M3 receptor antagonist (4-DAMP), M4 receptor antagonist (tropicamide). The expression of muscarinic receptor subtypes was examined with RT-PCR. RESULTS: Intrathecal ginsenosides and neostigmine produced an antinociceptive effect during phase 1 and phase 2 in the formalin test. Isobolographic analysis revealed an additive interaction between ginsenosides and neostigmine in both phases. Intrathecal pirenzepine, methoctramine, 4-DAMP, and tropicamide reversed the antinociception of ginsenosides in both phases. M1-M4 receptors mRNA detected in spinal cord of naive rats and the injection of formalin decreased the expression of M1 receptor mRNA, but it had no effect on the expression of other three muscarinic receptors mRNA. Intrathecal ginsenosides little affected the expression of all of muscarinic receptors mRNA in formalin-injected rats. CONCLUSIONS: Intrathecal ginsenosides additively interacted with neostigmine in the formalin test. Furthermore, M1-M4 receptors exist in the spinal cord, all of which contribute to the antinocieption of intrathecal ginsenosides.


Тема - темы
Animals , Humans , Male , Rats , Catheters , Diamines , Drug Interactions , Formaldehyde , Ginsenosides , Neostigmine , Nociception , Pain Measurement , Piperidines , Pirenzepine , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Receptors, Muscarinic , RNA, Messenger , Spinal Cord , Tropicamide
11.
Статья в английский | WPRIM | ID: wpr-173129

Реферат

Amiloride and benzamil showed antinocicepitve effects in several pain models through the inhibition of acid sensing ion channels (ASICs). However, their role in neuropathic pain has not been investigated. In this study, we investigated the effect of the intrathecal amiloride and benzamil in neuropathic pain model, and also examined the role of ASICs on modulation of neuropathic pain. Neuropathic pain was induced by L4-5 spinal nerve ligation in male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 100-120 g, and intrathecal catheterization was performed for drug administration. The effects of amiloride and benzamil were measured by the paw-withdrawal threshold to a mechanical stimulus using the up and down method. The expression of ASICs in the spinal cord dorsal horn was also analyzed by RT-PCR. Intrathecal amiloride and benzamil significantly increased the paw withdrawal threshold in spinal nerve-ligated rats (87%+/-12% and 76%+/-14%, P=0.007 and 0.012 vs vehicle, respectively). Spinal nerve ligation increased the expression of ASIC3 in the spinal cord dorsal horn (P=0.01), and this increase was inhibited by both amiloride and benzamil (P<0.001 in both). In conclusion, intrathecal amiloride and benzamil display antinociceptive effects in the rat spinal nerve ligation model suggesting they may present an alternative pharmacological tool in the management of neuropathic pain at the spinal level.


Тема - темы
Animals , Male , Rats , Acid Sensing Ion Channels/genetics , Amiloride/analogs & derivatives , Analgesics/pharmacology , Disease Models, Animal , Neuralgia/drug therapy , RNA, Messenger/metabolism , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction , Spinal Cord/metabolism , Transcription, Genetic/drug effects
12.
Статья в английский | WPRIM | ID: wpr-112990

Реферат

BACKGROUND: Dexmedetomidine may be useful as a sedative agent. However, it has been reported that dexmedetomidine decreases systemic blood pressure, heart rate, and cardiac output in a dose-dependent manner. The purpose of this study was to determine the appropriate dose of intravenously administered dexmedetomidine for sedation. METHODS: Forty-five American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status I-II patients under spinal anesthesia received dexmedetomidine 1 microg/kg intravenously as a loading dose. The patients were randomly allocated to one of three groups for maintenance dose: Group A (0.25 microg/kg/hr), Group B (0.50 microg/kg/hr), and Group C (0.75 microg/kg/hr). The hemodynamic variables and the Ramsay Sedation Scale (RSS) score were recorded for all patients. The numbers of patients who developed hypotension, bradycardia, or inadequate sedation necessitating further drug treatment were also recorded. RESULTS: Systolic blood pressure, heart rate, and SpO2 were decreased, and RSS score was increased significantly at both 20 min and 40 min after injection of dexmedetomidine in the three study groups compared to baseline, without significant differences between the groups. The prevalence of hypotension, but not that of bradycardia or adjunctive midazolam administration, exhibited a positive correlation with the dose of dexmedetomidine. CONCLUSIONS: Intravenous injection of dexmedetomidine 1 microg/kg followed by continuous administration at infusion rates of 0.25, 0.50, or 0.75 microg/kg/hr produced adequate levels of sedation. However, there was a tendency for the incidence of hypotension to increase as the dose increased. To minimize the risk of hemodynamic instability, a dose of 0.25 microg/kg/hr may be the most appropriate for continuous administration of dexmedetomidine.


Тема - темы
Humans , Anesthesia, Conduction , Anesthesia, Spinal , Blood Pressure , Bradycardia , Cardiac Output , Dexmedetomidine , Heart Rate , Hemodynamics , Hypotension , Incidence , Injections, Intravenous , Midazolam , Prevalence
13.
Статья в английский | WPRIM | ID: wpr-105212

Реферат

BACKGROUND: Nitrous oxide (N2O) and remifentanil both have anesthetic-reducing and antinociceptive effects. We aimed to determine the anesthetic requirements and stress hormone responses in spinal cord-injured (SCI) patients undergoing surgery under sevoflurane anesthesia with or without pharmacodynamically equivalent doses of N2O or remifentanil. METHODS: Forty-five chronic, complete SCI patients undergoing surgery below the level of injury were randomly allocated to receive sevoflurane alone (control, n = 15), or in combination with 67% N2O (n = 15) or target-controlled infusion of 1.37 ng/ml remifentanil (n = 15). Sevoflurane concentrations were titrated to maintain a Bispectral Index (BIS) value between 40 and 50. Measurements included end-tidal sevoflurane concentrations, mean arterial blood pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR), and plasma catecholamine and cortisol concentrations. RESULTS: During surgery, MAP, HR, and BIS did not differ among the groups. Sevoflurane concentrations were lower in the N2O group (0.94 +/- 0.30%) and the remifentanil group (1.06 +/- 0.29%) than in the control group (1.55 +/- 0.34%) (P < 0.001, both). Plasma concentrations of norepinephrine remained unchanged compared to baseline values in each group, with no significant differences among groups throughout the study. Cortisol levels decreased during surgery as compared to baseline values, and returned to levels higher than baseline at 1 h after surgery (P < 0.05) without inter-group differences. CONCLUSIONS: Remifentanil (1.37 ng/ml) and N2O (67%) reduced the sevoflurane requirements similarly by 31-39%, with no significant differences in hemodynamic and neuroendocrine responses. Either remifentanil or N2O can be used as an anesthetic adjuvant during sevoflurane anesthesia in SCI patients undergoing surgery below the level of injury.


Тема - темы
Humans , Anesthesia , Arterial Pressure , Catecholamines , Heart Rate , Hemodynamics , Hydrocortisone , Nitrous Oxide , Norepinephrine , Plasma , Spinal Cord Injuries
14.
Статья в английский | WPRIM | ID: wpr-85960

Реферат

BACKGROUND: The effect of spinal adrenergic and cholinergic receptors on the anti-nociceptive effect of intrathecal ginsenosides was determined in a rat postoperative pain model. METHODS: Catheters were placed into the intrathecal space of male Sprague-Dawley rats. Postoperative pain was evoked by an incision to the plantar surface of a hind paw. Withdrawal thresholds was used as a nociceptive parameter and was measured with a von Frey filament. After observing the effect of intrathecal ginsenosides, an alpha-1 adrenergic receptor antagonist (prazosin), an alpha-2 adrenergic receptor antagonist (yohimbine), a muscarinic acetylcholine receptor antagonist (atropine), and a nicotinic acetylcholine receptor antagonist (mecamylamine) were given 10 min before administration of the ginsenosides to analyze the contribution of spinal adrenergic and cholinergic receptors on the antinociceptive effect of ginsenosides. RESULTS: Paw incision decreased withdrawal threshold in incised site of paw, but no change of withdrawal threshold was not seen in non-incised site. The intrathecal ginsenosides increased withdrawal threshold of the incised paw in a dose-dependent manner. Pre-treatment with both prazosin and intrathecal yohimbine antagonized the anti-nociceptive effect of the ginsenosides. However, pre-treatments with atropine or mecamylamine had any effect on the antinociceptive activity of ginsenosides. CONCLUSIONS: Intrathecal ginsenosides are effective in attenuation of postoperative pain induced in the rat model. Anti-nociceptive action of ginsenosides is partially mediated by spinal adrenergic receptors, but does not appear to be related to spinal cholinergic receptors.


Тема - темы
Animals , Humans , Male , Rats , Atropine , Catheters , Ginsenosides , Mecamylamine , Pain, Postoperative , Prazosin , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Receptors, Adrenergic , Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha-1 , Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha-2 , Receptors, Cholinergic , Receptors, Muscarinic , Receptors, Nicotinic , Spinal Cord , Yohimbine
15.
The Korean Journal of Pain ; : 121-125, 2012.
Статья в английский | WPRIM | ID: wpr-79404

Реферат

Refractory angina pectoris is defined as angina refractory to optimal medical treatment and standard coronary revascularization procedures. Despite recent therapeutic advances, patients with refractory angina pectoris are not adequately treated. Spinal cord stimulation is a minimally invasive and reversible technique which utilizes electrical neuromodulation by means of an electrode implanted in the epidural space. It has been reported to be an effective and safe treatment for refractory angina pectoris. We report a case of spinal cord stimulation which has effectively relieved chest pain due to coronary artery disease in a 40-year-old man. This is the first report of spinal cord stimulation for treatment of refractory angina pectoris in South Korea.


Тема - темы
Adult , Humans , Angina Pectoris , Chest Pain , Coronary Artery Disease , Electrodes , Epidural Space , Republic of Korea , Spinal Cord , Spinal Cord Stimulation
16.
Статья в английский | WPRIM | ID: wpr-59306

Реферат

BACKGROUND: Curcumin has been reported to have anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antiviral, antifungal, antitumor, and antinociceptive activity when administered systemically. We investigated the analgesic efficacy of intrathecal curcumin in a rat model of inflammatory pain. METHODS: Male Sprague Dawley rats were prepared for intrathecal catheterization. Pain was evoked by injection of formalin solution (5%, 50 microl) into the hind paw. Curcumin doses of 62.5, 125, 250, and 500 microg were delivered through an intrathecal catheter to examine the flinching responses. The ED50 values (half-maximal effective dose) with 95% confidence intervals of curcumin for both phases of the formalin test were calculated from the dose-response lines fitted by least-squares linear regression on a log scale. RESULTS: In rats with intrathecal administration of curcumin, the flinching responses were significantly decreased in both phases. The slope of the regression line was significantly different from zero only in phase 2, and the ED50 value (95% confidence interval) of curcumin was 511.4 microg (23.5-1126.5). There was no apparent abnormal behavior following the administration of curcumin. CONCLUSIONS: Intrathecal administration of curcumin decreased inflammatory pain in rats, and further investigation to elucidate the precise mechanism of spinal action of curcumin is warranted.


Тема - темы
Animals , Humans , Male , Rats , Catheterization , Catheters , Curcumin , Formaldehyde , Linear Models , Pain Measurement , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Spinal Cord
17.
Статья в английский | WPRIM | ID: wpr-181045

Реферат

BACKGROUND: A low fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO2) increases venous deoxygenated hemoglobin concentrations, making the color of the blood darker. The present study was aimed to determine the effects of FiO2 on the ability to discriminate venous from arterial blood. METHODS: One-hundred and sixty surgical patients undergoing percutaneous central venous access of the internal jugular vein were randomly assigned to receive an FiO2 of 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, or 1.0 (n = 40 each) for at least 20 min prior to central line placement under general anesthesia. Vascular access was achieved with a 22-gauge needle; 2 ml of blood was withdrawn and shown to three physicians including the operator. Each of them was asked to identify the blood as 'arterial', 'venous' or 'not sure'. Simultaneous blood gas analysis of the samples was performed on blood taken from the puncture site and the artery after visual comparison to confirm blood's origin and hemodynamic measurements. RESULTS: Lowering FiO2 progressively increased venous deoxygenated hemoglobin concentrations (2.24 +/- 1.12, 3.30 +/- 1.08, 3.66 +/- 1.15, and 3.71 +/- 1.33 g/dl) in groups having an FiO2 of 1.0, 0.6, 0.4 and 0.2, respectively (P < 0.001), thereby facilitating the 'venous' blood identification (P < 0.001). Neither heart rate nor mean arterial pressure differed among the groups. None developed hypoxemia (percutaneous hemoglobin oxygen saturation < 90%) in any group during the study period. CONCLUSIONS: A low FiO2 increases venous deoxygenated hemoglobin levels, thereby facilitating the recognition by clinicians of its venous origin in percutaneous central venous catheterization under general anesthesia.


Тема - темы
Humans , Anesthesia, General , Hypoxia , Arterial Pressure , Arteries , Blood Gas Analysis , Catheterization, Central Venous , Central Venous Catheters , Heart Rate , Hemodynamics , Hemoglobins , Jugular Veins , Oxygen , Punctures
18.
Yonsei Medical Journal ; : 198-203, 2012.
Статья в английский | WPRIM | ID: wpr-145831

Реферат

PURPOSE: Anesthesia and surgery commonly cause hypothermia, and this caused by a combination of anesthetic-induced impairment of thermoregulatory control, a cold operation room environment and other factors that promote heat loss. All the general anesthetics markedly impair normal autonomic thermoregulatory control. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of two different types of propofol versus inhalation anesthetic on the body temperature. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this randomized controlled study, 36 patients scheduled for elective laparoscopic gastrectomy were allocated into three groups; group S (sevoflurane, n=12), group L (lipid-emulsion propofol, n=12) and group M (micro-emulsion propofol, n=12). Anesthesia was maintained with typical doses of the study drugs and all the groups received continuous remifentanil infusion. The body temperature was continuously monitored after the induction of general anesthesia until the end of surgery. RESULTS: The body temperature was decreased in all the groups. The temperature gradient of each group (group S, group L and group M) at 180 minutes from induction of anesthesia was 2.5+/-0.6degrees C, 1.6+/-0.5degrees C and 2.3+/-0.6degrees C, respectively. The body temperature of group L was significantly higher than that of group S and group M at 30 minutes and 75 minute after induction of anesthesia, respectively. There were no temperature differences between group S and group M. CONCLUSION: The body temperature is maintained at a higher level in elderly patients anesthetized with lipid-emulsion propofol.


Тема - темы
Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Aging , Anesthesia, General/methods , Anesthetics, Combined/administration & dosage , Anesthetics, Inhalation/administration & dosage , Anesthetics, Intravenous/administration & dosage , Body Temperature/drug effects , Body Temperature Regulation/drug effects , Fat Emulsions, Intravenous , Methyl Ethers/administration & dosage , Propofol/administration & dosage
19.
Статья в английский | WPRIM | ID: wpr-101140

Реферат

BACKGROUND: Urinary trypsin inhibitors (UTI) have been widely used for the treatment of diseases including disseminated intravascular coagulation, shock, and pancreatitis. Since UTI synthesis is likely to be reduced in patients who have undergone liver resection, the incidence of inflammatory reactions may be increasing accordingly. For such patients, the liver enzyme increases after the operation can reflect liver damage. The purpose of this study was to examine if ulinastatin can inhibit liver enzyme increases after liver resection. METHODS: After receiving Institutional Review Board approval, a retrospective chart review was performed on 201 patients who underwent hepatic resection from 2006 to 2010. We divided the records into the control (n = 69) and ulinastatin (n = 132) groups according to the use of intraoperative ulinastatin and compared the preoperative and postoperative laboratory test results. The number of patients who had > 400 U/L elevation of aspartate transaminase (AST) level after surgery was compared between the 2 groups. RESULTS: The mean AST, alanine transaminase (ALT), and total bilirubin levels after liver resection were significantly lower in the ulinastatin group than in the control group. The number of patients who showed an AST > 400 U/L after liver resection was significantly higher in the control group (odds ratio = 3.02). CONCLUSIONS: Ulinastatin attenuates the elevation of hepatic enzymes and bilirubin after liver resection.


Тема - темы
Humans , Alanine Transaminase , Aspartate Aminotransferases , Bilirubin , Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation , Ethics Committees, Research , Glycoproteins , Hepatectomy , Incidence , Liver , Liver Function Tests , Pancreatitis , Retrospective Studies , Shock , Trypsin , Trypsin Inhibitors
20.
Статья в английский | WPRIM | ID: wpr-36167

Реферат

BACKGROUND: Urinary trypsin inhibitor (UTI), which is speculated to have anti-inflammatory effects, is one of serine protease inhibitors found in human urine and blood. The present study was conducted to clarify the effect of urinary trypsin inhibitor (UTI) on human neutrophil activation and its intracellular signaling mechanism in vitro. METHODS: To assess the possible interactions between UTI and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in neutrophil activation, neutrophils from human blood were incubated with varying concentrations of UTI (1, 10, 100, 1,000 and 10,000 U/ml) plus LPS (100 ng/ml) or LPS alone in 24-well plates (5 x 106 cells/well). We measured protein levels for interleukin (IL)-6 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits after 4 hours of incubation period. To elucidate the intracellular signaling pathway, we also measured the levels of phosphorylation of p38, ERK1/2 and JNK via Western blot analysis. Moreover, the nuclear levels of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappaB) were determined with electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSA). RESULTS: UTI decreased the expression of inflammatory cytokines, including TNF-alpha and IL-6, and activation of intracellular signaling pathways, such as JNK, but not P38, ERK1/2 and nuclear translocation of NF-kappaB. CONCLUSIONS: UTI can attenuate LPS-induced neutrophil responses and may partially contribute to the treatment of neutrophil-mediated inflammatory diseases.


Тема - темы
Humans , Blotting, Western , Cytokines , Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , Glycoproteins , Interleukin-6 , Interleukins , Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases , Neutrophil Activation , Neutrophils , Phosphorylation , Serine Proteinase Inhibitors , Trypsin , Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
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