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Objective:To explore the clinical significance of cervical length (CL) measured by transabdominal ultrasound during fetal structural anomalies screeing at 20-24 +6 weeks of gestation. Methods:This was a retrospective nested case-control study based on a prospective longitudinal cohort of "Prediction and Prevention of Early-onset Preeclampsia", which recruited 4 995 singleton pregnant women at the gestational age of 11-13 +6 weeks in Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital from April 2019 to August 2022. All the subjects underwent second-trimester ultrasound screening for fetal structural anomalies in our hospital with image records. This study excluded the women who were lost to follow-up, underwent cervical cerclage, terminated the pregnancy due to personal or social factors, or had miscarriage before 20 weeks of gestation, and those with iatrogenic preterm births, intrauterine fetal death or no second-trimester cervical sonography images. Propensity score matching was used to match pregnant women with spontaneous preterm birth ( n=101) and those with full-term delivery ( n=101) in a 1∶1 ratio, with factors of maternal age, body mass index, preterm birth history, cesarean section history, and pregnancy interval ≥5 years. CL was measured based on the retained ultrasound images. Nonparametric test or Chi-square test were used for statistical analysis. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to evaluate the correlation between CL measured by transabdominal ultrasound in the second trimester and spontaneous preterm birth. Results:The CL measured by transabdominal ultrasound at 20-24 +6 weeks of gestation was significantly shorter in the spontaneous preterm birth group than that in the full-term group [2.8 cm (2.5-3.3 cm) vs. 3.4 cm (3.0-3.9 cm), Z=－5.85, P<0.001]. If CL<3.4 cm was used as the cut-off value for predicting spontaneous preterm birth (20-36 +6 weeks), the specificity and the sensitivity were 0.50 and 0.77, respectively, and the sensitivity reached 0.92 for predicting preterm birth before 32 weeks and 1.00 for predicting preterm birth before 28 weeks. If CL<3.7 cm was used as the cut-off value, the specificity and the sensitivity were 0.36 and 0.87, respectively, and the sensitivity was 1.00 for predicting preterm birth before 32 weeks. The efficacy of preterm birth screening at 28-36 +6 weeks of gestation was comparable to that at 20-36 +6 weeks, if CL<3.4 cm and CL<3.7 cm were used as the cut-off value, the sensitivity were 0.76 and 0.86, respectively. Conclusion:Transabdominal ultrasound measurement of CL in the second trimester can be a preliminary screening to determine whether further transvaginal ultrasound measurement of CL is needed for women without a history of preterm birth or late spontaneous abortion.
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Objective:To understand the actual situation of the implementation of “Diagnosis and therapy guideline of preterm birth（2014）”, “Guideline” for short, by front-line obstetricians, and to provide reference for the further update and supplement of the “Guideline”.Methods:This study designed a structured questionnaire for the prominent problems in the prevention and treatment of preterm birth, which was determined by the expert team drafting the “Guideline”. In October to November 2021, a cross-sectional survey was conducted among obstetricians, including members of the Perinatal Medicine Branch of Jiangsu Medical Association and the Obstetrics Subgroup,Chinese society of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chinese Medical Association, on the implementation status of the “Guideline”. The recommendations of the “Guideline” were used as standard answers to determine the implementation rate. A total of 328 valid questionnaires were collected. The total score of the questionnaire was 12 points. The questionnaire was divided into low executive ability group (<7 points) and high executive ability group (≥7 points) with a score of 7 as the threshold value, and the differences in baseline information such as hospital grade and professional title between the two groups were compared.Results:The score of 328 obstetricians was (7.6±1.6) points, including 250 (76.2%, 250/328) in the high execution group and 78 (23.8%, 78/328) in the low execution group. The execution rates of “the use of uterine contraction inhibitors for short courses”[97.0% (318/328)], “late umbilical cord breakage after birth of premature infants”[87.8% (288/328)] and “should preterm patients with intact membranes be treated with antibiotics”[86.6% (284/328)] were all over 80%, indicating good implementation. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that hospital grade and professional title were independent factors influencing the performance of the “Guideline”(all P<0.05), and secondary hospitals had lower scores and worse execution than tertiary hospitals ( OR=0.42, 95% CI: 0.23-0.77; P=0.005). Senior titles had higher scores and better execution than junior titles ( OR=5.33, 95% CI: 2.35-12.07; P<0.001). When answering the question “gestational week at which premature infants could survive in your hospital”, only 3.4% (11/328) answered 22 weeks, and 44.5% (146/328) answered 28 weeks, accounted for the highest proportion. The gestational week of surviving premature infants in tertiary hospitals was earlier than that in secondary hospitals ( P<0.05). The gestational week of surviving premature infants answered by senior titles was earlier than that of junior titles ( P<0.05). Conclusions:Obstetricians generally have a good implementation of the “Guideline”, and their understanding of some recommended clauses in the guidelines needs to be improved. In the future, training of primary hospitals and physicians with junior titles should be strengthened.