Research progress on the histopathological growth patterns of colorectal liver metastasis / 国际肿瘤学杂志

The histopathological growth patterns (HGPs) of colorectal cancer (CRC) liver metastasis reflect the complicated and varied interactions between tumor cells and host microenvironment. Exploring the tumor vascular and immunological features of HGPs, the relationship between HGPs and anti-tumor treatment efficacy, and HGPs prediction methods may have potential clinical aplication value for making optimal treatment strategies, evaluating patients' prognosis, and monitoring disease progression.

Advances in predicting efficacy and prognostic markers of immunotherapy for gastric cancer / 国际肿瘤学杂志

The high intra- and inter-tumor heterogeneity of gastric cancer leads to a great difference in the immunotherapy efficacy and the prognosis among patients. Several biomarkers, including programmed death-ligand 1, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2, the features of tumor microenvironment, the peripheral blood inflammatory markers and Claudin18.2 have predictive value in the immunotherapy efficacy and the prognosis of gastric cancer patients, which might help the clinicians find the potential patients who will benefit from immunotherapy, and achieve the goal of precision medicine.

Correlation between Bone Density at Different Hip Positions with Muscle Parameters and Physical Performance in Middle-aged and Elderly People in Kunming Area / 昆明医科大学学报

Objective To investigate the correlation between bone mineral density(BMD)at different hip positions with muscle parameters and physical performance in middle-aged and elderly people in Kunming area.Methods 531 middle-aged and elderly volunteers were recruited from the Radiology Department of the First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province from May 2021 to April 2022.All study subjects completed the five-times-sit-to-stand test(FTSST)and hip quantitative CT(QCT)examinations.Volunteers'total hip(TH),femoral neck(FN),and intertrochanteric(IT)BMD were measured by using QCT PRO workstation and using OsiriX software to measure the area and density of their gluteus maximus muscle,gluteus medius,and minimus muscle and midthigh muscle.Divide male and female volunteers into positive and negative groups respectively based on FTSST time≥12 seconds or<12 seconds,and analyze the differences in hip BMD between the groups;Also divide male and female volunteers into three groups(50～59 years old,60～69 years old,70 years old and above)at the age of 10,and analyze the correlation between hip BMD and muscle parameters in different age and gender stratification.Control for age and BMI,and then perform partial correlation analysis on the above indicators.Results The BMD of the hip in the female FTSST positive group was lower than that in the negative group(P<0.001),while there was no statistically significant difference between the male groups(P>0.05).After adjusting for age and BMI,among males,FN BMD was positively correlated with gluteus medius and minimus muscle density in the age groups of 50～59 and 60～69(P<0.05),while TH BMD,FN BMD,and IT BMD were strongly positively correlated with gluteus medius and minimus muscle density in the age group over 70(P<0.05).For females,the correlation between hip BMD and muscle density in the age groups of 50～59 and 60～69 was weak,while BMD in all parts of the hip was not correlated with muscle density in the age group over 70(P>0.05).There was a negative correlation between TH BMD,FN BMD,and gluteus medius and minimus muscle area in the age group of 50～59 years old for males(P<0.05),while there was a significant negative correlation between TH BMD,IT BMD,and gluteus maximus area in the age group of 70 years old and above for females(P<0.05).Conclusion The BMD of various parts of the hip in the female FTSST positive group is lower than that in the negative group.The density of the gluteus medius and minimus muscle can to some extent serve as a predictive indicator of femoral neck bone strength in middle-aged and elderly men in Kunming area.

Influence of seamless management concept intervention on patients with coronary heart disease / 心血管康复医学杂志

Objective:To study influence of seamless management concept intervention on patients with coronary heart dis-ease(CHD).Methods:A total of 98 CHD patients treated in our hospital were randomly and equally divided into routine intervention group(received routine follow-up management based on routine treatment)and seamless management group(received seamless management intervention based on routine treatment)according to random number table method.Both groups were intervened for one year.General clinical data,levels of total cholesterol(TC),triglyceride(TG),high densi-ty lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C),low density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C)and homocysteine(Hcy)before and after intervention and incidence rate of major adverse cardiovascular events(MACE)within one-year follow-up were compared between two groups.Results:Compared with routine intervention group,after intervention,there were signifi-cant reductions in levels of TC[(3.39±0.54)mmol/L vs.(2.95±0.59)mmol/L],LDL-C[(2.02±0.54)mmol/L vs.(1.74±0.53)mmol/L]and Hcy[(15.69±5.09)mmol/L vs.(13.41±4.96)mmol/L],and significant rise in HDL-Clevel[(1.33±0.40)mmol/L vs.(1.57±0.27)mmol/L]in seamless management group(P＜0.05 or＜0.01).Incidence rate of MACE during one-year follow-up in seamless management group was significantly lower than that of routine intervention group(8.16％vs.26.53％,P=0.014).Conclusion:Seamless management concept intervention can significantly improve blood lipid levels,reduce homocysteine level and incidence rate of major adverse cardiovascular events in patients with coronary heart disease.

Role of neutrophil extracellular traps in viral myocarditis / 心血管康复医学杂志

Viral myocarditis(VMC)is a common clinical cardiovascular disease,and inflammatory immune response is the main cause of VMC.Role that neutrophils play in VMC as a part of innate immune response has rarely been studied in the past.However,several studies have indicated that neutrophils can be involved in a variety of diseases through formation of a new defense mechanism called neutrophil extracellular traps(NETs).Moreover,NETs formation has been recently dis-covered in patients with active myocarditis and in myocardial pathological biopsies of VMC model,thus NETs are presumed to play a certain role in pathogenesis of VMC.The present article makes a review on role of NETs in VMC.

Review and risk information management of neuropathy induced by emerging anti-tumor drugs / 药物流行病学杂志

As an increasing number of emerging anti-tumor drugs are approved and marketed,the imperative for clinical safety monitoring and risk information management has grown significantly.Drug-induced neuropathy associated with these drugs exhibit characteristics such as insidious onset,rapid progression,and challenging treatment,ultimately leading to treatment failures.Therefore,a comprehensive understanding of the risk of neuropathy induced by emerging anti-tumor drugs,coupled with risk surveillance and early warning,as well as management and reporting,can significantly reduce the incidence and severity of drug-related diseases.This paper provides a review of the neuropathy caused by emerging anti-tumor drugs,introduces the pharmacovigilance system and risk information management measures in clinical usage,aiming to provide a reference for guiding the rational clinical use and minimizing the incidence of drug-induced diseases.

Integration model of management, teaching and research for general practice talent training in community teaching bases / 中华全科医师杂志

The community teaching bases play an important role in training of general practice talents. To raise the training quality, the development of their own capacity is crucial, but community medical institutions also need close cooperation with the departments of general practice in medical schools and the higher-level general hospitals. This article discusses the integration model of management, teaching and research in general practice talent training based on the cooperation of community teaching bases with relevant governmental departments, professional societies/associations, general hospitals and medical schools.

Status quo of Chinese educational research in community bases for general practice standardized residency training: a bibliometric study / 中华全科医师杂志

Objective:To investigate the status quo of educational and teaching research in community bases for general practice standardized residency training in China.Methods:The studies related to education research in community bases for general practice standardized residency training were searched from Chinese Journal Full Text Database (CNKI), Wanfang Database and China Science and Technology Journal Database (VIP) from inception to November 30, 2023. The keywords of "standardized training of general practitioner residents" or "general practice standardized training" or "general practitioner standardized training" or "general practice training" and "community-based teaching " or "community training" "community base" or "community teaching" were used for search, and affiliations of authors should contain"community health service center". The literature was read and summarized using Endnote and Excel software.Results:A total of 171 articles were retrieved that met the criteria, and 130 articles were finally selected for analysis according to the quality review criteria of the literature. The authors of articles were distributed in 78 institutions of 17 provinces or regions, with 9 provinces or regions having a total of 123 articles (94.6%) with 2 published articles or more, of which the highest number was found in Beijing and Shanghai. Seventeen institutions published 2 or more articles with a total of 69 articles (53.1%), including 67 articles (51.5%) were co-authored by 2 units. The ranking top ten institutions in terms of the number of articles published were 5 community health service centers in Beijing, 4 in Shanghai (co-authored with Shanghai Zhongshan Hospital). There were 46 articles (35.4%) published in core journals and 55 articles (42.3%) with fund-supported projects. The studies presented teaching methods, teaching and training contents, teaching evaluation and effects, teacher training, teaching base construction and information technology application.Conclusion:The educational and teaching research in community bases for general practice standardized training in China has gradually received attention, the researches were mainly carried out by community medical institutions, but the overall quality of research needs to be further improved.

Treatment of Polymorphic Light Eruption Using Resolving Toxins and Tranquilizing Collaterals Method / 中医杂志

Collateral vessels in cutaneous regions are the channel of qi， blood and body fluids transmission among the skin and striae and interstices， and is also the path of pathogens invasion. It is believed that the key pathogenesis of polymorphic light eruption （PLE） was toxins damaging to the skin， in which the cutaneous collaterals fail to nourish， insecurity of the muscle surface as the basis of disease， the pathogens offending qi collaterals and heat constraint to toxins as the driving factors， gradually affecting fluid collaterals and dryness-dampness coexist as the middle link， and latent pathogens in blood level and waiting for the opportunity to onset as the final stage. It is proposed that the basic treatment is to resolve toxins and tranquilize collaterals， and the internal and external treatments are combined together. The internal treatment is to resolve toxins， strengthen collaterals， and assist in unblocking the collaterals， and the modified self-prescribed Wuteng Decoction （五藤饮） plus Yigong Powder （异功散） were selected as the basic formulas， which promotes the discharge of toxin pathogens and strengthens the power of the cutaneous collaterals to protect against pathogens. For external treatment， according to the performance of skin lesions， scraping， tapping with medicinal solution， ointment were selected to drive away pathogens and resolve toxins， and soothe the cutaneous collaterals. In the early stage， the skin temperature rose with itching， tingling and no rash， scraping with the self-prescribed Yinhuangcao Clearing Oil （银黄草清解油） could be used to activate blood and regulate qi， relieve heat and resolve toxins； if the lesions showed erythema， pimples， itching， tapping with the self-prescribed Qian'ai Xunxi Formula （千艾熏洗方） could be used to diffuse qi and fluid， unblock the collaterals and clean toxins； if the skin lesions thickened with scales， the self-prescribed Yufu Ointment （愈肤膏） for external application could be used to resolve toxins and activate collaterals， moisten skin and heal up sore.

AI Rudi's Experience in Treating Acne with Triple Chinese Medicinal Groups Combined with Chinese Medicinal Mask / 中医杂志

To summarize the clinical experience of Professor AI Rudi in treating acne with triple Chinese medicinal groups combined with Chinese medicinal mask. It is believed that the pathogenesis and treatment of male and female acne are different. The key mechanism of male acne is the dysfunction of the "lung-spleen and stomach-large intestine" axis， and the method of three jiao differentiation should be used. Clinically， the triple Chinese medicinal group， Rendongteng （Lonicera japonica） - Qishe （Portulaca oleracea） - Shicangpu （Acorus gramineus）， can scatter wind to relieve heat， and diffuse and disperse upper jiao； group Baihua Sheshecao （Scleromitrion diffusum） - Baixianpi （Dictamnus dasycarpus） - Tanxiang （Santalum album） can clear heat and drain dampness， and regulate middle jiao； group Huaimi （Styphnolobium japonicum） - Juemingzi （Senna tora） - Baizhu （Atractylodes macrocephala） can tonify and moisten to unblock the lower jiao. The core mechanism of female acne is the imbalance of the function of the "liver and kidney- Tiangui （reproduction-stimulating essence， corresponds with the tenth heavenly stem） - Chong and ren" axis， and the method of staged tratment based on menstrual cycle should be used. Before the menstrual period， group Tusizi （Cuscuta chinensis） - Yujing （Curcuma longa） - Qianghuoyu （Hansenia forbesii） can tonify kidney and relax liver； during the menstrual period， group Chuanxiong （Rhizoma Ligustici Chuangxiong） - Yimucao （Leonurus japonicus）- Cansha （Bombycis Faeces） can invigorate blood and regulate menstrual flow； after the menstrual period， group Huangjing （Polygonatum sibiricum） - Shanyurou （Corni Fructus） - Roucongrong （Cistanche deserticola） can nourish blood， assist yang and boost yin. Meanwhile， we attached importance to the internal and external treatment. Based on the internal administration of traditional Chinese medicine， Chinese medicinal masks were used for external application， commonly used in self-prescribed Xianglian Jinhuang Powder （香连金黄散） combined with Huoxue Powder （活血散） as the prescription for Chinese medicinal mask.

Effects of Zhuyu Pill （茱萸丸） and its Ingredient on Aortic Plaque and the NLRP3/Asc/Caspase-1 Signaling Pathway in Aortic Tissue of Mice in Atherosclerosis Model / 中医杂志

ObjectiveTo investigate the possible mechanism of action and combination of medicinals of Zhuyu Pill （茱萸丸） in the treatment of atherosclerosis. MethodsThirteen normal C57BL/6J mice were used as blank group， and 40 ApoE-/- mice of the same strain were randomly divided into model group， Huanglian （Coptis chinensis Franch.） group， Wuzhuyu （Tetradium ruticarpum） group， and Zhuyu Pill group， with 10 mice in each group. Except the blank group， the other groups were fed with high-fat diet for modeling， and the total modeling cycle was 12 weeks. After modelling， Huanglian group was given Huanglian solution 143.34 mg/（kg·d）， Wuzhuyu group with Wuzhuyu solution 301.78 mg/（kg·d）， Zhuyu Pill group with 261.07 mg/（kg·d） of Zhuyu Pill solution， blank group and model group were given 0.3ml of normal saline. Mice in all groups were gavaged for 12 weeks. The levels of total cholesterol （TC）， triglyceride （TG）， low density lipoprotein cholesterol （LDL-C） and fasting blood glucose were measured by biochemical method； fasting insulin in serum was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA） and insulin resistance index was calculated； HE staining was used to observe the pathological and morphological changes of aortic tissue， liver and epididymal fat in mice， and oil red O staining was used to observe the lipid deposition of aortic tissue in mice， and the percentage of positive area of aortic HE staining， the percentage of positive area of aortic oil red O staining， the non-alcoholic fatty liver activity score （NAS） score， and the cross-sectional area of epididymal fat were calculated； serum levels of interleukin 1β （IL-1β） and interleukin 18 （IL-18） were detected by ELISA； protein expression of nucleotide-binding oligomerisation structural domain-like receptor family pyridoxal structural domain protein 3 （NLRP3） in aortic tissues was detected by Western blot； and immunofluorescence was used to detect the levels of apoptosis-associated granulocyte-like protein （ASC）， which contains the CARD structural domain （ASC） and cysteine-containing aspartic protease 1 （Caspase-1） protein expression； and real-time fluorescence PCR was used to detect NLRP3， ASC， Caspase-1， IL-1β， and IL-18 mRNA expression in mouse aortic tissues. ResultsCompared with blank group， serum TC， TG and LDL-C were increased， insulin was decreased， fasting blood glucose and insulin resistance index were increased in model group （P＜0.01）. Aortic plaque area increased， liver lipid deposition increased， epididymal fat cells volume increased， liver NAS score increased， and epididymal fat cross-sectional area increased. Serum IL-1β and IL-18 increased， and the expression levels of NLRP3， ASC， Caspase-1 protein and mRNA in aortic tissue increased （P＜0.01）. Compared with model group， serum TC， TG and LDL-C in Huanglian group， Wuzhuyu group and Zhuyu Pill group decreased， fasting insulin increased， fasting blood glucose and insulin resistance index decreased （P＜0.01）； aortic plaque area decreased significantly， liver lipid deposition decreased， liver NAS score decreased， epididymal fat cell volume decreased， epididymal fat cross section area decreased， serum IL-1β and IL-18 were decreased， the expression levels of NLRP3， ASC， Caspase-1 protein and mRNA in aortic tissue were decreased （P＜0.01）， and the improvement of all indexes in the Zhuyu Pill group was better than that in Huanglian and Wuzhuyu groups （P＜0.01）. ConclusionZhuyu Pill has a good therapeutic effect on atherosclerosis in mice， and the combination of Huanglian and Wuzhuyu has a synergistic effect， the mechanism of which may be related to regulation of the NLRP3/ASC/Caspase-1 aortic signaling pathway， and thus reducing the vascular inflammatory response.

AI Rudi's Experience in the Staged External Treatment of Eczema by Traditional Chinese Medicine / 中医杂志

To summarize Professor AI Rudi's experience in the staged external treatment of eczema by traditional Chinese medicine （TCM）. It is believed that dampness is the key pathological factor of eczema， and the treatment for dampness should be carried out throughout the whole process， with the leading idea of “three-stage treatment， dampness as the root， and treatment according to the symptoms”. The preparation and formulas of the external treatment can be applied according to the pathogenesis and lesion characteristics of each stage. In acute stage with wind-dampness and heat in the skin as the main mechanism， the treatment is to clear heat and astringe， resolve toxins and relieve itching， and the preparation is mostly solution and lotion， and the formula could be Yangzheng Xi Formula （痒症洗方）， Jingfang Kushen Decoction （荆防苦参汤）， Kuding Erhuang Decoction （苦丁二黄汤）， and Xianglian Jinhuang Powder （香连金黄散）. In subacute stage with phlegm-dampness and heat as the main mechanism， the treatment is to remove dampness and turbidity， clean up the residual heat； the preparation is mostly ointment， and the formula include Shehuang Ointment （蛇黄软膏）， Huanglian Ointment （黄连膏）， and Zihuan Diding Ointment （紫花地丁软膏）. In chronic stage with phlegm-dampness stagnation as the main mechanism， the treatment is to remove dampness and eliminate phlegm， remove blood stasis and stop itching， and the formula could be Zhiyang soft Ointment （止痒软膏）， Runji Ointment （润肌膏）， Yufu Ointment （愈肤膏）； jojoba oil and olive oil are often used as external moisturiser for daily care.

Treating Chronic Urticaria with the Method of Dredging Sanjiao （三焦） / 中医杂志

The membranous tube of sanjiao （三焦） is not only the path of the transport of fluid and qi， but the way of the invasion of pathogenic factors， therefore， it cooperates with the skin mucous membrane physically and influence on each other pathologically. It is believed that the core pathogenesis of chronic urticaria is pathogens intruding sanjiao， membrane collaterals acute spasm， and fluid and qi disturbance， of which defense qi insufficiency and pathogens intruding sanjiao initiates the disease， while struggle between healthy and pathogenic qi and membrane collaterals acute spasm is the intermediate stage， and disturbed fluid， qi and blood movement is the terminal stage. Following the core treatment principle of dredging sanjiao， the internal treatment is to open striae and interstices and dispel pathogens out using self-made Guben Shufeng Decoction（固本疏风汤）modifications， and the external treatment is to dredge and regulate membrane collaterals， move qi and fluid， and treat sanjiao simultaneously， commonly using cutting therapy on Danzhong （RN 17） to move qi and fluid， seal umbilical therapy on Shenque （RN 8） to supplement and nourish ying-wei （营卫）， and natural moxibustion on Xuehai （SP 10） to move blood and unblock collaterals.

The Experience of AI Rudi in Staged Differentiation and Treatment of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus / 中医杂志

This article summarized the clinical experience of Professor AI Rudi in staged treatment according to pattern differentiation of systemic lupus erythematosus （SLE）. It is believed that SLE is characterized by kidney yin deficiency and heat toxin obstruction as the core disease mechanism. The staged treatment principle is to nourish yin and clear heat， invigorate blood and resolve toxins. In the early stage of heat toxins accumulation， the focus is on treating the branch and strengthen the kidneys as early as possible， recommending self-designed Liangxue Xiaofeng Powder （凉血消风散） with modifications. In the middle stage， there is yin deficiency with internal heat， which requires nourishing kidney yin and eliminating pathogenic factors. The prescription suggested is self-designed Shouwu Dihuang Decoction （首乌地黄汤）. In the late stage， there is yin impairment affecting yang， which requires a gradual consolidation of the foundation and harmonization of yin and yang， usually with Zhenwu Decoction （真武汤） and Zishen Tongguan Powder （滋肾通关散） with modifications. At the same time， the treatment emphasizes the integration of Chinese and Western medicine， and use of self-designed Ershen Dihuang Pill （二参地黄丸） after initial remission to consolidate the effect and prevent relapse. External treatment should also be given importance to， and Hongyou Ointment （红油膏） can be used to treat SLE skin lesions， reduce swelling， and relieve pain.

Screening and correction of myopia in children and adolescents from the Gannan region / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

AIM: To understand the screening and correction of myopia in children and adolescents from the Gannan region of Gansu Province, and to provide guidance for the prevention and control of myopia.METHODS: A cross-sectional stratified cluster sampling study was conducted to select 2 kindergartens and 12 primary and secondary schools in Hezuo City and Zhouqu County, Gannan region of Gansu Province, two classes were randomly selected from each grade, and the whole class was used as a unit for screening. The screening and correction of myopia in children and adolescents were collected for statistical analysis.RESULTS: A total of 5 072 children and adolescents were selected, and 4 806 valid data were finally included after excluding unqualified records. The overall prevalence of myopia was 45.55%, and the prevalence of myopia showed an increasing trend with the increase of grade(P&#x0026;#x003C;0.001). The prevalence of myopia in girls(48.66%)was higher than that in boys(42.18%; P&#x0026;#x003C;0.001). The prevalence of myopia increased with age(P&#x0026;#x003C;0.001), and the age group of 10-12 years old was the fastest growing for myopia, increasing from 25.62% to 60.57%. Furthermore, moderate myopia and high myopia showed an increasing tread with the increase of the grade(all P&#x0026;#x003C;0.001). The overall glasses wearing rate of the Gannan region was 28.55%, with a full correction rate of 50.72%, and the glasses wearing rate showed an increasing trend with the increase of grades(P&#x0026;#x003C;0.001). The glasses wearing rate of female students(30.84%)was higher than that of male students(26.69%; P=0.008). The full correction rates of low, moderate and high myopia in junior high were the lowest among the 3 phases of studying. The full correction rate of high myopia was the lowest in all phases of studying.CONCLUSION: The prevalence of myopia in children and adolescents from the Gannan region is lower than the national average, but the myopia of children and adolescents is still a trend of young age and high incidence, and the glasses wearing rate of myopia and full correction rate are low.

Magnesium promotes vascularization and osseointegration in diabetic states / 国际口腔科学杂志·英文版

Diabetes has long been considered a risk factor in implant therapy and impaired wound healing in soft and hard oral tissues. Magnesium has been proved to promote bone healing under normal conditions. Here, we elucidate the mechanism by which Mg2+ promotes angiogenesis and osseointegration in diabetic status. We generated a diabetic mice model and demonstrated the alveolar bone healing was compromised, with significantly decreased angiogenesis. We then developed Mg-coating implants with hydrothermal synthesis. These implants successfully improved the vascularization and osseointegration in diabetic status. Mechanically, Mg2+ promoted the degradation of Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1) and the nucleation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) by up-regulating the expression of sestrin 2 (SESN2) in endothelial cells, thus reducing the elevated levels of oxidative stress in mitochondria and relieving endothelial cell dysfunction under hyperglycemia. Altogether, our data suggested that Mg2+ promoted angiogenesis and osseointegration in diabetic mice by regulating endothelial mitochondrial metabolism.

Modular engineering of Escherichia coli for high-level production of l-tryptophan / 生物工程学报

As an essential amino acid, l-tryptophan is widely used in food, feed and medicine sectors. Nowadays, microbial l-tryptophan production suffers from low productivity and yield. Here we construct a chassis E. coli TRP3 producing 11.80 g/L l-tryptophan, which was generated by knocking out the l-tryptophan operon repressor protein (trpR) and the l-tryptophan attenuator (trpL), and introducing the feedback-resistant mutant aroGfbr. On this basis, the l-tryptophan biosynthesis pathway was divided into three modules, including the central metabolic pathway module, the shikimic acid pathway to chorismate module and the chorismate to tryptophan module. Then we used promoter engineering approach to balance the three modules and obtained an engineered E. coli TRP9. After fed-batch cultures in a 5 L fermentor, tryptophan titer reached to 36.08 g/L, with a yield of 18.55%, which reached 81.7% of the maximum theoretical yield. The tryptophan producing strain with high yield laid a good foundation for large-scale production of tryptophan.

Metabolic engineering of Escherichia coli for adipic acid production / 生物工程学报

Adipic acid is a high-value-added dicarboxylic acid which is primarily used in the production of nylon-66 for manufacturing polyurethane foam and polyester resins. At present, the biosynthesis of adipic acid is hampered by its low production efficiency. By introducing the key enzymes of adipic acid reverse degradation pathway into a succinic acid overproducing strain Escherichia coli FMME N-2, an engineered E. coli JL00 capable of producing 0.34 g/L adipic acid was constructed. Subsequently, the expression level of the rate-limiting enzyme was optimized and the adipic acid titer in shake-flask fermentation increased to 0.87 g/L. Moreover, the supply of precursors was balanced by a combinatorial strategy consisting of deletion of sucD, over-expression of acs, and mutation of lpd, and the adipic acid titer of the resulting E. coli JL12 increased to 1.51 g/L. Finally, the fermentation process was optimized in a 5 L fermenter. After 72 h fed-batch fermentation, adipic acid titer reached 22.3 g/L with a yield of 0.25 g/g and a productivity of 0.31 g/(L·h). This work may serve as a technical reference for the biosynthesis of various dicarboxylic acids.

Light-driven CO2 conversion system: construction, optimization and application / 生物工程学报

The use of light energy to drive carbon dioxide (CO2) reduction for production of chemicals is of great significance for relieving environmental pressure and solving energy crisis. Photocapture, photoelectricity conversion and CO2 fixation are the key factors affecting the efficiency of photosynthesis, and thus also affect the efficiency of CO2 utilization. To solve the above problems, this review systematically summarizes the construction, optimization and application of light-driven hybrid system from the perspective of combining biochemistry and metabolic engineering. We introduce the latest research progress of light-driven CO2 reduction for biosynthesis of chemicals from three aspects: enzyme hybrid system, biological hybrid system and application of these hybrid system. In the aspect of enzyme hybrid system, many strategies were adopted such as improving enzyme catalytic activity and enhancing enzyme stability. In the aspect of biological hybrid system, many methods were used including enhancing biological light harvesting capacity, optimizing reducing power supply and improving energy regeneration. In terms of the applications, hybrid systems have been used in the production of one-carbon compounds, biofuels and biofoods. Finally, the future development direction of artificial photosynthetic system is prospected from the aspects of nanomaterials (including organic and inorganic materials) and biocatalysts (including enzymes and microorganisms).

AI Rudi's Experience in Differentiating and Treating Facial Hormone-dependent Dermatitis by Stages Using the method of Clearing Heat and Protecting Yin / 中医杂志

This paper summarized the clinical experience of AI Rudi in the treatment facial hormone-dependent dermatitis with the method of clearing heat and protecting yin. It is believed that the key pathogenesis is the heat toxin accumulation， yin depletion and collaterals obstruction. The clinical treatment should focus on “heat exuberance” and “yin depletion”. It is advocated that “half treatment is from heat and half from yin” is the general principle， and the treatment is staged. In the acute phase， the treatment is half from cooling blood and dispersing wind to dispel heat pathogen， and half from protecting fluid and moisturizing skin to strengthen yin； and the modified Liangxue Xiaofeng Powder （凉血消风散） could be used. In the chronic phase， half treatment is from clearing residual toxin to eliminate heat pathogen， and half from nourishing yin and unblocking collaterals to strengthen yin， for which Xuanmai Ganju Decoction and Erzhi Pills （玄麦甘桔汤合二至丸） can be used and modified according to the symptoms. At the same time， we should pay attention to the simultaneous internal and external treatment， and emphasize the importance of daily protection in the treatment of the disease.