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Enteropathy-associated T cell lymphoma(EATL)is a rare subtype of mature T cell lymphoma,formerly known as EATL type Ⅰ.EATL is closely linked to celiac disease.Risk factors for EATL include a history of celiac disease,human leukocyte antigen-DQ2(HLA-DQ2)gene susceptibility,aberrant intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes(IELs)accumulation and ulcerative jejunitis.The pathogenesis is related to HLA-DQ2 allele variation,mutational events of Janus kinase(JAK)-signal transducer and activator of transcription(STAT)pathway and nuclear factor kappa-B(NF-κ B),as well as functional changes of microRNA(miRNA).Commonly involved sites in EATL are the small intestine,followed by the stomach and colon.EATL usually presents with dyspepsia,gluten-insensitive malabsorption,intestinal obstruction,hemorrhage and perforation.EATL is an aggressive disease,with a poor prognosis.Misdiagnosis is common during the early stage of the disease.Anthracycline-based combination chemotherapy is the dominant treatment for EATL.Surgical resection is used to alleviate obstruction,hemorrhage,or perforation in some patients.Stem cell transplantation for consolidation after remission of first-line chemotherapy can prolong patients'survival time.Monoclonal antibody brentuximab vedotin targeting CD30,anti-CD52 antibody alemtuzumab,immune checkpoint inhibitors,and drugs used to treat refractory celiac disease(RCD)type Ⅱ and peripheral T cell lymphomas(PTCL)may be effective against EATL.This paper summarizes the epidemiology,genetic and molecular characteristics,clinicopathological characteristics,immunophenotypic characteristics and new advances in the treatment of EATL.
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Gastric cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors of digestive system, which has the characteristics of strong heterogeneity, rapid progress and poor prognosis. Liver metastasis of gastric cancer is the main cause of death of advanced gastric cancer. At present, the clinical treatment of gastric cancer mainly includes systematic treatment (systemic chemotherapy, targeted treatment, immunotherapy), surgical resection, interventional treatment and radiotherapy, but the therapeutic effects are not good, and liver metastasis of gastric cancer is lack of standardized treatment strategy. At present, the multi-disciplinary comprehensive treatment mode has been widely used in the diagnosis and treatment of malignant tumors, and has achieved good results. According to the clinical characteristics and surgical accessibility of liver metastasis of gastric cancer, the Chinese Gastrointestinal Surgery Expert Group divides it into three clinical types: resectable type, potential resectable type and non-resectable type. All kinds of clinical types of patients need multidisciplinary comprehensive treatment cooperation group experts to discuss and formulate individualized treatment plan.
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Objective@#To systematically evaluate the efficacy and safety of CT-guided percutaneous lung puncture biopsy versus ultrasound-guided percutaneous lung puncture biopsy.@*Methods@#Relevant domestic and foreign related databases such as PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, OVID, China Biology Medicine, VIP, Wanfang and CNKI databases were searched, the randomized controlled trial about the applications of CT-guided and ultrasound-guided percutaneous lung puncture biopsy were collected. After extracting the relevant data, a Meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.2 and Stata softwares.@*Results@#Ten studies met the inclusion criteria, with a total sample size of 1 158 cases, of which 635 were CT-guided puncture biopsy and 523 were ultrasound-guided puncture biopsy. Meta-analysis showed that the difference of the success rate between the CT-guided group and the ultrasound-guided group was not statistically significant [97.48% (619/635) vs. 96.56% (505/523), RR= 1.01, 95% CI 0.99-1.03, P= 0.360]; the puncture diagnosis rate in the CT-guided group was lower than in the ultrasound-guided group, and the difference was statistically significant [92.44% (619/635) vs. 96.56% (505/523), RR= 0.97, 95% CI 0.94-0.99, P= 0.007]. The total incidence of complications after puncture in the CT-guided group was higher than that in the ultrasound-guided group, and the difference was statistically significant [14.49% (92/635) vs. 9.56% (50/523), RR= 1.56, 95% CI 1.11-2.19, P= 0.010]; the incidence of pneumothorax after puncture in the CT-guided group was higher than that in the ultrasound-guided group, and the difference was statistically significant [11.50%(73/635) vs. 6.31% (33/523), RR= 1.77, 95% CI 1.17-2.68, P= 0.007]; the difference of the incidence of bleeding after puncture between the CT-guided group and the ultrasound-guided group was not statistically significant [2.99% (19/635) vs. 3.25% (17/523), RR= 1.08, 95% CI 0.59-1.98, P= 0.800].@*Conclusions@#Both CT-guided and ultrasound-guided percutaneous lung puncture biopsy have good clinical diagnostic value. However, for the intrapulmonary masses shown by ultrasound, the ultrasound-guided lung puncture biopsy has a shorter operation time, lower cost, and higher safety.
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Objective:To systematically evaluate the efficacy and safety of CT-guided percutaneous lung puncture biopsy versus ultrasound-guided percutaneous lung puncture biopsy.Methods:Relevant domestic and foreign related databases such as PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, OVID, China Biology Medicine, VIP, Wanfang and CNKI databases were searched, the randomized controlled trial about the applications of CT-guided and ultrasound-guided percutaneous lung puncture biopsy were collected. After extracting the relevant data, a Meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.2 and Stata softwares.Results:Ten studies met the inclusion criteria, with a total sample size of 1 158 cases, of which 635 were CT-guided puncture biopsy and 523 were ultrasound-guided puncture biopsy. Meta-analysis showed that the difference of the success rate between the CT-guided group and the ultrasound-guided group was not statistically significant [97.48% (619/635) vs. 96.56% (505/523), RR= 1.01, 95% CI 0.99-1.03, P= 0.360]; the puncture diagnosis rate in the CT-guided group was lower than in the ultrasound-guided group, and the difference was statistically significant [92.44% (619/635) vs. 96.56% (505/523), RR= 0.97, 95% CI 0.94-0.99, P= 0.007]. The total incidence of complications after puncture in the CT-guided group was higher than that in the ultrasound-guided group, and the difference was statistically significant [14.49% (92/635) vs. 9.56% (50/523), RR= 1.56, 95% CI 1.11-2.19, P= 0.010]; the incidence of pneumothorax after puncture in the CT-guided group was higher than that in the ultrasound-guided group, and the difference was statistically significant [11.50%(73/635) vs. 6.31% (33/523), RR= 1.77, 95% CI 1.17-2.68, P= 0.007]; the difference of the incidence of bleeding after puncture between the CT-guided group and the ultrasound-guided group was not statistically significant [2.99% (19/635) vs. 3.25% (17/523), RR= 1.08, 95% CI 0.59-1.98, P= 0.800]. Conclusions:Both CT-guided and ultrasound-guided percutaneous lung puncture biopsy have good clinical diagnostic value. However, for the intrapulmonary masses shown by ultrasound, the ultrasound-guided lung puncture biopsy has a shorter operation time, lower cost, and higher safety.
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Radiotherapy can improve the local control rate of the tumors by destructing the tumor cells within the radiation field, can reduce the distant spread by activating the body 's anti-tumor immune response through various mechanisms, and also can exert systemic anti-tumor effect synergistically assisted by immunotherapy. As a new combination therapy, a large number of studies have found that local radiotherapy combined with different immunotherapy can benefit the survival of cancer patients. The optimal efficacy is closely related to the appropriate radiotherapy dose, segmentation model and combined timing. This paper discusses the effects of radiotherapy on the immune system, the related basic and clinical researches of radiotherapy and immunotherapy, and the better way to make the combination effectively.
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OBJECTIVE@#To observe the effect of adaptive replanning on adverse reactions and clinical outcome of nasopharyngeal carcinoma treated by helical tomotherapy.@*METHODS@#Fifty nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients treated by TomoTherapy system were retrospectively analyzed. Among these patients, 25 received repetitive CT simulation and replanning, and another 25 case-matched control patients without replanning were identified by matching age, gender, pathological type, UICC stage, weight loss, etc. Wilcoxon test was used to evaluate the effect of replanning on acute and chronic radiation reactions within individuals. Kaplan-Meier study was used to estimate the survival of patients with or without replanning.@*RESULTS@#There was a significant difference in late salivary grand damage between the replanning and the control group (P=0.046), while no difference was observed in acute or other late side effects between the two groups. The median follow-up of the two groups was 32 months (7-42 months) and 26 months (8-46 months), respectively. The median local relapse-free survival time, 2-year local relapse-free survival and 2-year lymphnode relapse-free survival in the two groups were similar (36 months, 92% and 100%). No significant difference was found in the 2-year metastasis relapsefree survival (80% and 96%) and the 2-year overall survival between the two groups (88% and 92%, P>0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#Adaptive replanning may reduce the severity of late damage of salivary glands after helical tomotherapy in nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients without improvement of 2-year survival rate.
Тема - темы
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Carcinoma , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell , Radiotherapy , Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma , Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms , Radiotherapy , Radiotherapy Planning, Computer-Assisted , Methods , Radiotherapy, Intensity-Modulated , Retrospective Studies , Survival Rate , Treatment OutcomeРеферат
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To implement dose reconstruction and dose-guided intensity modulated radiotherapy for helical tomotherapy.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Dose reconstruction was implemented on adaptive helical tomotherapy with the online megavoltage CT (MVCT) imaging from a patient with nasopharyngeal cancer. The differences of isodose line between actual and planned deposition were analysis in 3D distribution, on which the hot spot and cold spot were lined. The dose delivered to these areas was modulated in later fractions to keep the planned requirement.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The differences between actual and planned isodose line were shown on the image visually. The modulation to the hot spot and cold spot in later fraction corrected the incorrectly delivered dose to achieve the requirement of primary plan.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The dose reconstruction and dose-guided intensity modulated radiotherapy can be implemented in adaptive helical tomotherapy.</p>