Correlations of F-Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography/Magnetic Resonance Imaging Parameters with the Pathological Differentiation of Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Their Diagnostic Efficiencies / 中国医学科学院学报

Objective To evaluate the correlation of the positron emission tomography/magnetic resonance imaging (PET/MR) parameters with the pathological differentiation of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma(HNSCC) and the diagnostic efficiencies of PET/MR parameters. Methods Patients with clinical suspicion of HNSCC were included and underwent PET/MR scan. HNSCC was pathologically confirmed in all these patients. The PET/MR examination included PET and MR sequences of diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) and T2-and T1-weighted imaging. The multiple parameters of PET/MR included the mean values of apparent diffusion coefficient(ADC) and the maximum and mean values of standardized uptake value (SUV and SUV) were measured and estimated. The correlations of all the parameters and distribution between the different tumor differentiation groups were analyzed. Logistic regression was utilized to build the model as the PET/MR combined parameter for predicting the differentiation by multiple parameters of PET/MR. The receiver operating characteristic curve was calculated for each parameter and the combination. Results Totally 23 patients were included in this study:9 patients (9 males and 0 female) had well-differentiated tumor,with an average age of (61.0±6.8)years;14 cases had moderately-differentiated (n=10) or poorly-differentiated tumors (n=4),with an average age of (62.0±9.1) years. All the patients were males. There was statistical correlation between SUV and SUV (P<0.001);however,ADC showed no statistical correlation with SUV and with SUV (P=0.42,P=0.13). ADC and SUV showed significant difference between well-differentiated group and moderately-poorly-differentiated group (P=0.005,P=0.007). Compared with the individual parameters,the combination of PET/MR parameters with SUV and ADC had higher efficacy in predicting tumor differentiation,with an area under curve of 0.84. Conclusions The distributions of ADC,SUV and SUV differ among HNSCC with different pathological differentiation. Compared with the individual parameters,the combination of the PET/MR parameters has higher efficiency in predicting tumor differentiation.

Pulmonary neuroendocrine cell hyperplasia and tumorlets in bronchiectasis: a clinicopathologic study of 22 cases with review of literature / 中华病理学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the clinical and pathological features of pulmonary neuroendocrine cell hyperplasia and tumorlets with bronchiectasis.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Both the clinicopathologic changes and immunohistochemical findings were examined with microscopy and EnVision method in 22 cases of pulmonary neuroendocrine cell hyperplasia and tumorlets.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The average age of the 22 patients was 53 years, with a male to female ratio of 9:13. On macroscopic examination the lungs showed bronchiectasis; one case was accompanied by gray-white, soft nodules (diameter < 5 mm). Microscopy of the HE sections showed the basic pathologic change was bronchiectasis, accompanied by neuroendocrine cell hyperplasia and tumorlet formation in the pulmonary parenchyma surrounding the bronchioles, presenting as single nodule (10 patients), or multifocal nodules (12 patients), with average size of 1.6 mm in diameter. No tumor cells were identified in the lymph nodes. Sixteen of 22 patients were disease-free after an average follow-up period of 58 months (17 - 117 months); one patient died suddenly after surgery; and five were loss of follow up. Immunohistologically, the tumor cells were positive for CgA (18/18), Syn (16/16), AE1/AE3 (16/16) , TTF-1 (14/15), and CD56 (14/14), and Ki-67 index was < 2% in 12 cases.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Immunohistological staining for CgA, Syn, CD56, TTF-1 and AE1/AE3 can confirm the diagnosis. Early detection, pulmonary resection and follow-up help prevent the progression of these diseases.</p>

Comparative study between primary mediastinal B-cell lymphoma and non-mediastinal diffuse large B-cell lymphoma by immunoglobulin gene rearrangement and Epstein-Barr virus infection detection / 中华病理学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the differences between primary mediastinal B-cell lymphoma (PMBCL) and non-mediastinal conventional diffuse large B-cell common lymphoma (DLBCL) in immunoglobulin gene rearrangement and EB virus infections.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Twenty cases of PMBCL and 30 cases of non-mediastinal DLBCL were collected from September, 2000 to May, 2011. Pathological data were retrospectively analysed. Immunoglobulin heavy chain and light chain gene rearrangements and EBER in-situ hybridization were performed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Six of 20 cases of PMBCL showed monoclonal gene rearrangement, all of which were weakly detected. Twenty-seven of 30 cases of ordinary diffuse large B-cell lymphoma showed monoclonal gene rearrangement, which were strongly detected (90.0%). Only 1 of 20 cases PMBCL and 2 of 30 cases of DLBCL were positive for EBER in-situ hybridization.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The detection rate of immunoglobulin gene rearrangement is significantly lower in PMBCL than that of non-mediastinal DLBCL. However, EB virus infection rates are very low in both types of lymphomas.</p>

Protective effect of ginsenoside Re on myocardial cells of neonatal SD rat subjected to hypoxia injury / 中华烧伤杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the protective effect of ginsenoside Re on myocardial cells of neonatal SD rat with hypoxia injury, and to explore its mechanism.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The primary passage of myocardial cells collected from neonatal SD rats were divided into A group (with ordinary treatment), B group [exposed to hypoxia (1% O2, 5% CO2, 94% N(2)) for 12 hours after being cultured for 48 hours], C group (pretreated with 80 g/L ginsenoside Re for 30 minutes after 48 hours of ordinary culture, then exposed to hypoxia for 12 hours), D group (received the same treatment as used in C group except for using 40 g/L ginsenoside Re), E group (received the same treatment as used in C group except for using 20 g/L ginsenoside Re) according to the random number table, with 6 samples in each group. Myocardial cell supernatants were collected for determination of content of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) with enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. Fluorescence recovery after photobleaching technique was used to detect gap junction intercellular communication (GJIC). Result was observed by laser scanning confocal microscope. Data were processed with paired t test.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>(1) Compared with that in B group [(403 ± 22) U/L], contents of LDH in E, D, and C groups were obviously decreased [(255 ± 16), (241 ± 13), (237 ± 24) U/L, with t value respectively 5.1, 5.2, 8.3, P values all below 0.05]. (2) The fluorescence recovery rate in A group was (74.8 ± 3.6)% 10 min after quenching, which was higher than that in B group [(13.2 ± 5.6)%, t = 15.2, P < 0.01]. The fluorescence recovery rate in C, D, and E groups was respectively (39.5 ± 2.9)%, (36.2 ± 3.1)%, and (34.3 ± 3.9)% 10 min after quenching, all higher than that in B group (with t value respectively -6.6, -41.9, 18.3, P values all below 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Ginsenoside Re pretreatment, particularly with a dose of 20 g/L, can protect myocardial cells from hypoxia injury, and the effect may be attributable to inhibition of release of LDH and improvement of the GJIC function.</p>

Pulmonary lymphomatoid granulomatosis: an immunohistochemical and gene rearrangement study / 中华病理学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the immunophenotype and gene rearrangement pattern of pulmonary lymphomatoid granulomatosis.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Nine cases of pulmonary lymphomatoid granulomatosis, included 5 cases of open lung biopsy, 3 cases of lobectomy specimen and 1 case of autopsy, were retrospectively analyzed by immunohistochemistry, in-situ hybridization for Epstein-Barr virus-encoded RNA, immunoglobulin and T-cell receptor gene rearrangement studies.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The age of patients ranged from 3 to 59 years. The male-to-female ratio was 3: 6. Histologically, all cases showed lymphocytic infiltration surrounding the blood vessels and in the perivascular areas. Most of these lymphoid cells expressed T-cell marker CD3. There were also variable numbers of CD20-positive B cells. The staining for CD56 was negative. According to the WHO classification, there were 4 cases of grade I , 1 case of grade II and 4 cases of grade III lesions. Six cases had gene rearrangement studies performed and 3 of them demonstrated clonal immunoglobulin gene rearrangement (including 1 of the grade II and 2 of the grade III lesions). No T-cell receptor gene rearrangement was detected.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Pulmonary lymphomatoid granulomatosis may represent a heterogeneous group of lymphoproliferative disorders. Some of the cases show B-cell immunophenotype and clonal immunoglobulin gene rearrangement, especially the grade II and grade lesions. They are likely of lymphomatous nature.</p>

Promoterless DNA fragments inhibiting the expression of integrated gene in human pancreatic carcinoma cells / 中华病理学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate whether introducing promoterless DNA containing the cDNA sequence of green fluorescent protein (GFP) induces gene-specific silencing in human pancreatic cancer cell line harboring genomically integrated GFP gene.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Using G418 selection and fluorescent separation we established a highly purified monoclonal pancreatic cancer cell line, recombinant PANC-1, which had a steady level of GFP expression. GFP cDNA was amplified by PCR from plasmid pEGFP-C1 and ligated to the promoterless plasmid PUC19. PUC-GFP was then transfected into monoclone cells along or cotransfected with pEGFP-C1 to panc-1 cells. Each had PUC plasmid transfected group as their control to eliminate possibility of plasmid toxicity and GFP small interferent RNA (siGFP) transfected group as positive control. Western blot, flow cytometry and phase contrast fluorescence microscopy were used to detect the changes of GFP expression.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The data showed that (1) PUC-GFP inhibited the GFP expression in monoclonal cell line in a dosage dependent manner. The inhibitory effect of 3 microg PUC-GFP did not show significant difference with siGFP. (2) The significant repression appeared on the fourth day after transfecting monoclonal cells with 3 microg PUC-GFP. By the end of the sixth day, GFP expression in PUC-GFP group and siGFP group remained at a low level. (3) Cotransfecting PUC-GFP with pEGFP-C1 plasmids into PANC-1 cells showed a decreased transfection efficiency when compared with transfecting pEGFP-C1 alone. Higher PUC-GFP vs pEGFP-C1 corresponded with lower transfection efficency. (4) When adding new pEGFP-C1 plasmid to cells after inhibition appeared, the GFP expression recovered.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Transfection of the promoterless DNA fragment containing full-length cDNA effectively induces a gene-specific silencing in mammalian cells.</p>

Clinical features and management of Crohn's disease in Chinese patients / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>An increasing incidence of Crohn's disease has been found in China in recent years. Our study has been focused on evaluating the diversity of the clinical manifestations of Crohn's disease in order to improve early diagnostic accuracy and therapeutic efficacy.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Thirty patients with active Crohn's disease were enrolled and their clinical data, including diagnostic and therapeutic results, were analyzed. Endoscopy combined with histological examination of biopsy specimens provided characteristic features of the disease. Transabdominal bowel sonography (TABS) was used for detecting intestinal complications. Nutritional supportive therapy was given to 20 subjects with active cases of the disease.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Most patients were young adults with a higher proportion of females to males (ratio: 1.14:1). The disease affects any segment or a combination of segments along with the alimentary tract (from the mouth to the anus). In this study, the colon and small bowel were the major sites involved. Recurrent episodes of abdominal pain in the right lower quadrant and watery diarrhea were the most common symptoms. Granulomas were identifiable in nearly one-third (30.8%) of all biopsy specimens. In moderate cases of the disease, remission was achieved more quickly through the use of oral prednisone therapy than with SASP or 5-ASA. Beneficial effects on the host's nutritional status were observed. Immunosuppressives were used on an individual basis and showed variable therapeutic effects. Sixteen patients had surgery due to intestinal obstruction or failure to respond to drug therapies. Rapid improvement after surgery was reported.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Endoscopy (with biopsy) and TABS were both crucial procedures for diagnosis. SASP (or 5-ASA) and prednisone were effective as inductive therapies. Azathioprine has demonstrable benefits after induction therapy with prednisone. Surgery, as an alternative treatment, provided another effective choice in selected patients.</p>