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OBJECTIVE@#This study aimed to evaluate the effects of a mindfulness-based psychosomatic intervention on depression, anxiety, fear of childbirth (FOC), and life satisfaction of pregnant women in China.@*METHODS@#Women experiencing first-time pregnancy ( n = 104) were randomly allocated to the intervention group or a parallel active control group. We collected data at baseline (T0), post-intervention (T1), 3 days after delivery (T2), and 42 days after delivery (T3). The participants completed questionnaires for the assessment of the levels of depression, anxiety, FOC, life satisfaction, and mindfulness. Differences between the two groups and changes within the same group were analyzed at four time points using repeated-measures analysis of variance.@*RESULTS@#Compared with the active control group, the intervention group reported lower depression levels at T2 ( P = 0.038) and T3 ( P = 0.013); reduced anxiety at T1 ( P = 0.001) and T2 ( P = 0.003); reduced FOC at T1 ( P < 0.001) and T2 ( P = 0.04); increased life satisfaction at T1 ( P < 0.001) and T3 ( P = 0.015); and increased mindfulness at T1 ( P = 0.01) and T2 ( P = 0.006).@*CONCLUSION@#The mindfulness-based psychosomatic intervention effectively increased life satisfaction and reduced perinatal depression, anxiety, and FOC.
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Humans , Pregnancy , Female , Mental Health , Mindfulness , Pregnant Women/psychology , Anxiety/prevention & control , China , Depression/prevention & controlРеферат
Objective@#This study aimed to examine the sleep arrangements and soothing methods and to assess their associations with sleep problems among children aged < 3 years in China.@*Methods@#A cross-sectional survey was conducted in 2019 from six provinces in China. A total of 1,195 caregivers of children aged 0-35 months were included in the study. Data on sleep arrangements, soothing methods, and sleep problems (i.e., frequent night awakenings and difficulty falling asleep) were assessed using the Brief Infant Sleep Questionnaire. The reasons for bed-sharing in sleep arrangements were recorded using a self-designed questionnaire.@*Results@#The bed-sharing practice was very prevalent at any age, which ranged from 69.9% to 78.3%. Most infants fell asleep while feeding or being rocked/held before age 12 months. By age 35 months, 62.4% of the children fell asleep in bed near parents. The most common reasons for bed-sharing were breastfeeding/feeding and convenience. Parental involvement when falling asleep was significantly related with frequent night awakenings and difficulty falling asleep. No association was found between bed-sharing and sleep.@*Conclusion@#Bed-sharing and parental involvement were very common among Chinese children aged < 3 years. Children who fall asleep with parental involvement were more likely to have sleep problems.
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Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Male , Asian People , Beds , China , Cross-Sectional Studies , Infant Behavior , Sleep/physiology , Sleep Hygiene , Sleep Wake Disorders , Surveys and QuestionnairesРеферат
Objective@#To calculate the number of pregnant women who receive standardized prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) services for HIV annually.@*Methods@#HIV-positive pregnant women in six counties of Liangshan Prefecture in 2017 were selected as study subjects. The entire process, from when the subjects first received the PMTCT of HIV services to the end, was divided into four stages, which were further divided into 25 phases. The equivalent coefficient was used to indicate the weight of workload in each phase. Seven experts were invited to score the equivalent coefficient; the number of pregnant women who received standardized services to prevent the transmission of HIV was calculated.@*Results@#A total of 663 HIV-positive pregnant women were registered in six Liangshan Prefecture counties in 2017. This figure was converted into 7,780 person-months devoted to HIV-positive pregnant women, with 260 person-months (3.34%) spent on the first antenatal care, 1,510 person-months (19.41%) during pregnancy, 378 person-months (4.86%) on delivery, and 5,632 person-months (72.39%) on post-partum period. The equivalent coefficient calculation showed that 314 HIV-positive pregnant women received standardized PMTCT services.@*Conclusion@#The number of pregnant women receiving standardized services for the PMTCT of HIV can be calculated accurately using the equivalent method to identify the gap between the level of PMTCT of HIV intervention services needed and the actual workload.
Тема - темы
Female , Humans , Pregnancy , Anti-HIV Agents/therapeutic use , HIV Infections/virology , Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical/prevention & control , Pregnant WomenРеферат
<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Liver cirrhosis is the fatal consequence of chronic hepatitis, making early diagnosis of liver cirrhosis critical. Liver biopsy is still the standard diagnostic method for liver cirrhosis, although its use in a broad population with alcoholism or hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection remains difficult. In this study, we used a metabonomic approach to detect potential biomarkers for early diagnosis of liver cirrhosis.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Serum specimens were collected prospectively from normal control subjects (n = 22) and patients with alcoholic cirrhosis (n = 18) or HBV-induced cirrhosis (n = 19). The serum metabonome was analyzed using ultraperformance liquid chromatography (LC)/time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MS) integrated with chemometrics. The acquired LC-MS data were normalized and processed using principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least squares discrimination analysis (PLS-DA).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Significant differences in the metabonomics among the three groups were observed. Lysophosphatidyl cholines (LPCs) (LPC C16:0, LPC C18:0, LPC C18:2, LPC C18:3, LPC C20:3, LPC C20:5) were decreased in the serum of patients with hepatic cirrhosis, whereas bile acids (glycocholic acid, glycochenodeoxycholic acid), hypoxanthine, and stearamide were increased in the serum of patients with hepatic cirrhosis. These metabolites are considered "common" biomarkers for hepatic cirrhosis. Oleamide and myristamide were increased in the serum of patients with alcoholic cirrhosis but decreased in those with HBV-induced cirrhosis. These could be specific biomarkers for differential diagnosis between alcohol- and HBV-induced hepatic cirrhosis.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>There are significant metabonomic differences between alcohol- and HBV-induced liver cirrhosis. Metabonomics is a top-down systems biology tool for conducting research on clinical problems.</p>
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Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Alcohols , Chromatography, Liquid , Methods , Hepatitis B virus , Virulence , Liver Cirrhosis , Blood , Metabolism , Virology , Mass Spectrometry , Methods , Principal Component AnalysisРеферат
Objective To compare the efficacy and safety of treatment for acute cerebral infarction of internal carotid artery system with intraarterial and intravenous thrombolysis. Methods Sixty-six patients with acute cerebral infarction of internal carotid artery system, having an onset less than 6 h, were chosen: 38 with an onset less than 3 h received intravenous thrombolysis with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA) at a dosage of 0.9 mg/kg and 28 with an onset within 3-6 h received intraarterial thrombolysis with rt-PA at a dosage of 0.6 mg/kg. NIHSS scores before treatment and 2, 24 h and 7 d after treatment, Barthel index (BI) before treatment and 7 and 90 d after treatment were compared, respectively. And the adverse effects in the 2 groups were also recorded. Results The NIHSS scores 2 and 24 h, and 7 d after the treatment was significantly higher than those before the treatment (P<0.05); BI 7 and 90 d after the treatment was obviously increased as compared with that before the treatment (P<0.05). The NIHSS scores and BI between the intraarterial and intravenous thrombolysis groups at each different time points were not significantly different (P>0.05). No differences between the 2 groups were noted on the incidence of adverse effect. Conclusion The effect of intraarterial thrombolysis within 3-6 h was the same as travenous thrombolysis within 3 h in the treatment for acute cerebral infarction of internal carotid artery system without increasing the incidence of adverse effects. The therapy of intraarterial thrombolysis within 3-6 h is a better choice in treating acute cerebral infarction of internal carotid artery system.
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<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Vaspin is a newly-identified adipocytokine related to obesity and insulin sensitivity. However, its pathophysiologic role in humans remains largely unknown. The aim of our study was to investigate the relationship between serum vaspin level and glucose metabolism or obesity in Chinese adults.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 123 subjects, including 84 subjects with normal glucose tolerance (NGT) and 39 subjects with diabetes, were enrolled in this study. Anthropometric parameters, abdominal fat areas, plasma glucose concentration, serum insulin, lipids, and vaspin level were measured in each participant.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Serum vaspin concentration was significantly higher in diabetic patients than that in NGT subjects (592 (438 - 695) pg/ml vs 380 (294 - 517) pg/ml, P = 0.020) in women. In all participants, age, fasting plasma glucose concentration (FPG), 2-hour post-load plasma glucose (PG2h), hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) significantly increased from the lower tertile to the higher tertile of vaspin. Univariate linear regression analyses revealed that vaspin level was only positively correlated with age (beta = 0.340, P = 0.002) in NGT subjects. And vaspin was positively associated with FPG (beta = 0.365, P = 0.023), PG2h (beta = 0.526, P = 0.001), HbA1c (beta = 0.388, P = 0.016), and HDL-c (beta = 0.353, P = 0.027), while negatively with homeostasis model assessment of beta cell function (HOMA-beta) (beta = -0.361, P = 0.024) in diabetic patients. In stepwise multivariate regression analyses, age was independently associated with circulating vaspin in NGT subjects, whereas PG2h was an independent predictor of vaspin in diabetic patients. In addition, there was no significant difference of serum vaspin level between men and women. And no significant correlations between vaspin and body fat indexes were detected.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Serum vaspin level is higher in diabetic patients than that in NGT subjects in women. Age predicts serum vaspin level in NGT subjects, while PG2h is independently associated with vaspin in diabetic patients.</p>
Тема - темы
Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Blood Glucose , Metabolism , Diabetes Mellitus , Blood , Linear Models , Postprandial Period , Serpins , BloodРеферат
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To know the situation of breastfeeding of infants in western China rural areas.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Probability proportional to size sampling was used in 45 projects counties 10 provinces in western China, and then totally 13 433 children who were under 3 years old were selected to investigate their feeding situation and health situation by questionnaire. SPSS software was used to carry on the statistical analysis.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The proportion of adding starch, egg, milk, bean, meat, vegetable and water was 75.3%, 58.4%, 39.0%, 26.4%, 42.7%, 52.0% and 93.4% respectively. The rate of exclusive breastfeeding of infant less than four months and six months was 16.0% and 2.5% respectively. The proportion of not adding starch, egg, milk, bean, meat, vegetable and water of infants who were one year old was 5.2%, 15.0%, 30.3%, 11.2%, 9.1%, 4.8% and 0.6% respectively.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The rate of exclusive breastfeeding in western rural areas was still low and complementary feeding was still unreasonable.</p>
Тема - темы
Child, Preschool , Humans , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Breast Feeding , Child Care , Methods , China , Cross-Sectional Studies , Feeding Behavior , Infant Food , Rural PopulationРеферат
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the immunological function of a yeast expression system for thymosin alpha1 (Talpha1).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A constructed Talpha1 yeast expression system was used to investigate the immunological function of orally administered Talpha1. Dried yeast containing three different concentration of Talpha1 was fed to normal Balb/c mice and other Balb/c mice whose immunities were inhibited in advance by cyclophosphamide. Synthesized Talpha1 peptide was used as positive control and dried yeast with empty plasmid was used as negative control. CD4(+) and CD8(+) levels were detected by flow cytometry assay. TNF-alpha, IFN-gamma, IL-2, IL-6 and IL-10 levels were detected by liquid chip.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In normal Balb/c mice or immune inhibition Balb/c mice, CD8(+) levels were significantly increased. Especially in immune inhibition Balb/c mice, CD8(+) levels in synthesized Talpha1 group (18.77%+/-4.72%), small dose group (13.48%+/-6.17%) and large dose group (22.74%+/-1.09%) were significantly higher than that in empty yeast control group (7.49%+/-2.14%).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Orally administered Talpha1 has its certain immunomodulatory function.</p>
Тема - темы
Animals , Mice , Administration, Oral , CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes , CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes , Cyclophosphamide , Toxicity , Cytokines , Metabolism , Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes , Drug Therapy , Allergy and Immunology , Immunologic Factors , Genetics , Immunosuppressive Agents , Toxicity , Mice, Inbred BALB C , Recombinant Proteins , Genetics , Saccharomyces cerevisiae , Genetics , ThymosinРеферат
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the point mutation in hepatitis B virus polymerase (HBV P) gene in HBV-infected patients resistant to lamivudine.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>HBV P gene was amplified by PCR and the products was sequenced to analyze the YMDD mutation. Then the variants were detected by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) with the following restriction enzymes: Fok I, Ssp I, Alw441 and were separated by 8.0% polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Comparing with the sequences of standard HBV genome, there were 16 patients with G743C mutation and 1 patient with G743A mutation, and the codon ATG turned to ATC and ATA, YMDD motif changed into YIDD. But this kind of YIDD mutation was not proved by PCR-RFLP assay in the 17 patients.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The G743C and G743A mutations in HBV P gene, resulting in YMDD motif changed into YIDD, are detected only by direct sequencing, not by PCR-RFLP. The new kind of G743C and G743A point mutations in HBV P gene is important for the detection of HBV P gene YMDD mutation.</p>
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Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Amino Acid Motifs , Genetics , Antiviral Agents , Pharmacology , Therapeutic Uses , Cloning, Molecular , DNA Primers , Genetics , DNA, Viral , Blood , Genetics , DNA-Directed DNA Polymerase , Genetics , Drug Resistance, Viral , Genetics , Gene Products, pol , Genetics , Hepatitis B virus , Genetics , Hepatitis B, Chronic , Drug Therapy , Virology , Lamivudine , Pharmacology , Therapeutic Uses , Point MutationРеферат
Objective To evaluate the therapeutic effects and safety of amitrine bismesylate in patients with mild vascular dementia.Methods An open multicenter self-controlled trial was carried out with 128 mild vascular dementia patients clinically diagnosed.Patients were treated with amitrine bismesylate in a dose of 2 tablets per day for 12 weeks.The neuro-psychologieal scale of MMSE,ADAS-cog,CDR, ADL were used to evaluate patients′cognitive condition before therapy and 6,12 weeks after treatment.The adverse effects,such as nausea and vertigo and so on,were monitored at the same time to evaluate the safety of this drug.Results After 3 months of treatment,the MMSE score(16.98 before therapy and 17.97 after treatment,P
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Objective To assay serum apelin level in obesity and newly-diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) patients and investigate the relationship between serum apelin level and body fat parameter,glucose and lipid metabolism and insulin resistance index,etc.Methods Sixty-two patients with type 2 DM and 72 subjects with normal glucose regulation (NGR) were selected and each group was divided into obese and non-obese subgroups according to body mass index (BMI)≥25 kg/m~2 or