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OBJECTIVE@#This work aims to analyze the mechanical properties and biocompatibility of porous titanium (Ti) implants fabricated by selective laser sintering (SLS) and investigate the promotion of osseointegration by porous titanium implant combined with chitosan (CS)/hydroxyapatite(HA) composite coating.@*METHODS@#Ti6Al4V specimens were prepared, and CS/HA composite coating was fabricated on the surface of a portion of the specimens. The mechanical properties of the samples were observed by scanning electron microscope. MC3T3-E1 cells were cultured in vitro, and their biological properties in vitro were analyzed using live and dead viability cell staining method, methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) staining, and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) level detection. The thread implant specimens were implanted in the femoral condyle of rabbits, and biological performance was evaluated in vivo.@*RESULTS@#Quasi-elastic gradient of porous specimens decreased with increasing porosity, and the quasi-elastic gradient were close to cortical and cancellous bone when the porosities were 30% and 70%. The specimens showed good biocompatibility. Combined with CS/HA coating, the implants promoted the proliferation and differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells and facilitated the entry of bone tissue into pores and good osteogenesis.@*CONCLUSIONS@#The porous titanium implant exhibited favorable mechanical properties and biocompatibility. Combined with CS/HA coating, the implant exhibited bone inducibility, which leads to stable osteogenesis.
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Animals , Rabbits , Durapatite , Lasers , Materials Testing , Microscopy, Electron, Scanning , Osseointegration , Porosity , Prostheses and Implants , Surface Properties , TitaniumРеферат
<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>The domestic prevalence of chronic hepatitis B (CHB) in China is 7.18% in 2006, imposing great societal healthcare burdens. Nucleot(s)ide analogues (NUCs) anti-hepatitis B virus (HBV) therapies are widely applied despite the relatively low rate of seroconversion and high risk of drug-resistant mutation. More effective treatments for CHB deserve further explorations. Combined therapy of NUCs plus Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) is widely accepted in China, which is recognized as a prospective alternative approach. The study was primarily designed to confirm the hypothesis that Tiaogan-Yipi Granule (, TGYP) or Tiaogan-Jianpi-Jiedu Granule (, TGJPJD) plus entecavir tablet (ETV) was superior over ETV monotherapy in enhancing HBeAg loss rate.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The study was a nationwide, large-scale, multi-center, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial with a designed duration of 108 weeks. A total of 16 hospitals and 596 eligible Chinese HBeAg positive CHB patients were enrolled from November 2012 to September 2013 and randomly allocated into 2 groups in 1:1 ratio via central randomization system: experimental group (EG) and control group (CG). Subjects in EG received CM formulae (TGYP or TGJPJD, 50 g per dose, twice daily) plus ETV tablet (or ETV placebo) 0.5 mg per day in the first 24 weeks (stage 1), and CHM granule plus ETV tablet (0.5 mg per day) from week 25 to 108 (stage 2). Subjects in CG received CHM Granule placebo plus ETV tablet (0.5 mg per day) for 108 weeks throughout the trial. The assessments of primary outcomes (HBV serum markers and HBV-DNA) were conducted by a third-party College of American Pathologists (CAP) qualified laboratory. Adverse effects were observed in the hospitals of recruitment.</p><p><b>DISCUSSION</b>The study was designed to compare the curative effect of CM plus ETV and ETV monotherapy in respect of HBeAg loss, which is recognized by the European Association for the Study of the Liver as "a valuable endpoint". We believe this trial could provide a reliable status for patients' "journey" towards durable responses after treatment discontinuation. The trial was registered before recruitment on Chinese Clinical trial registry (No. ChiCTR-TRC-12002784, Version 1.0, 2015/12/23).</p>
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Objective To evaluate the development level of public health in Zhejiang Province during China's 12th Five-Year Plan period (from 2011 to 2015)for health policy making in the future. Methods Totally 30 indexes were first summarized into 4 components, including the residents' health level, the allocation of public health resource, the level of public health service and public health security. The evaluation index system was developed by Delphi method. The indicators of 2010 were selected as the baseline for comparison with those corresponding indicators from 2011 to 2015. Each index(the comprehensive development index, the developmental speed, as well as the indicator index)calculated during 12th Five-Year Plan period was evaluated after the targeted indicators were weighed. Results Overall, at a provincial level of Zhejiang, the comprehensive development index was increased from 100 in 2010 to 138.44 in 2015, representing an annual average development speed of 6.72%. The annual average development speed of 13 indexes, ranging from 6.72% to 26.18%, were higher than those in the China's 11th Five-Year Plan period(6.72%); while the annual average development speed of another 17 indexes was lower, with 1 index below zero. However, the number of medical staff per 10000 population(5.23), the treatment success rate among new smear-positive cases (90.76%)and the number of annual outpatient visits in primary hospitals(49.45%)in Zhejiang Province were lower than those in China during the same period(6.39, 92.49%, 56.40%). At a prefectural level, the comprehensive development index fluctuated from 128.65 in Quzhou to 156.35 in Jiaxing and the developmental speed was from 3.90% to 11.26%. These results indicated that the coefficient variant(CV)was 5.76 during China's 12 th Five-year Plan period, which had recorded the historically lowest level since 2010. Conclusion During the China's 12th Five-year Plan period, the development of public health in Zhejiang Province was steadily enhanced. Public health variably developed across 11 prefectures with shrinking gaps. Nevertheless, the number of medical staff per 10 000 population, the treatment success rate among new smear-positive cases and the number of annual outpatient visits in primary hospitals should be improved.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To examine the association between habitual sleep duration and obesity among Chinese adults.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The association of sleep duration and obesity was investigated among 7,094 community-dwelling Chinese adults. Sleep duration was self-reported. In this study, obesity was defined as follows: body mass index (BMI) ⋝ 28 kg/m2, waist circumference (WC) ⋝ 85 cm in men and ⋝ 80 cm in women, and percent body fat (%BF) ⋝ 25 in men and ⋝ 35 in women. Logistic and quantile regressions were employed to examine relationships of interest.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Overall, 6.42% of the participants reported short sleep durations (< 6 h/d) while 14.71% reported long (⋝ 9 h/d) sleep durations. Long sleepers (⋝ 9 h/d) represented a greater frequency of women with obesity [odds ratio (OR): 1.30; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.02-1.67] and high body fat (1.43, 1.04-1.96) than those who slept 7-8 h/d. An association between long sleep times and higher BMI estimations was found across the 10th-75th percentile of the BMI distribution. Among men, long sleepers (⋝ 9 h/d) presented lower risks of developing abdominal obesity compared with individuals who slept 7-8 h/d (OR = 0.79, 95% CI: 0.44-0.99).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Our study suggests that long sleep durations are associated with general obesity in Chinese women but reduced waist circumferences in men. Confirmatory studies are needed to determine the heterogeneous association of sleep time and obesity by gender.</p>
Тема - темы
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Adipose Tissue , Physiology , Asian People , Body Mass Index , China , Rural Population , Sleep , Physiology , Surveys and Questionnaires , Urban Population , Waist CircumferenceРеферат
Objective To explore whether CD4 +T cells in mice can secrete exosomes and the possibility of exosomes to participate in the inflammation and immune response process. Methods Spleen samples were taken from mice, and CD4 +T cells were isolated from the spleen tissue using magnetic bead separation method. Exosomes of CD4 + T cells were extracted from the supernatant and observed under transmission electron microscope. PCR assay was used to detect the expression of miR-23a and miR-214. Results Exosomes were observed under elecron microscope, and the expression of miR-23a and miR-214 were detected by PCR assay. Conclusions CD4 + T cells in mice can secrete exosomes,which offer possibility to participate in the inflammation and immune response.
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Objective To explore whether CD4 +T cells in mice can secrete exosomes and the possibility of exosomes to participate in the inflammation and immune response process. Methods Spleen samples were taken from mice, and CD4 +T cells were isolated from the spleen tissue using magnetic bead separation method. Exosomes of CD4 + T cells were extracted from the supernatant and observed under transmission electron microscope. PCR assay was used to detect the expression of miR-23a and miR-214. Results Exosomes were observed under elecron microscope, and the expression of miR-23a and miR-214 were detected by PCR assay. Conclusions CD4 + T cells in mice can secrete exosomes,which offer possibility to participate in the inflammation and immune response.
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Objective To establish a evaluation indicator system for the emergency response capability of CDC by taking Zhejiang Province as an example.Method The manuscript of evaluation indicator system for Zhejiang province was established based on literature review and expert meeting.A 3 -rounds Delphi process was conducted and the specialist participating level,authority coefficient and Kendall's W were calculated to assess the indicator system.The weight of index was calculated by method of proportionate allocation.Results Three rounds of Delphi consultations was conducted by 1 7 consulters that from the administrative department of public health,scientific research institution or CDCs,and the response rate were 94.1 2%,87.50%,88.24% respectively.The specialist authority coefficient was 0.81 ±0.05.The final indicator system was consisted of 7 first -class indicators (Emergency response system,Emergency response team, Emergency response supply,Emergency coping capability,Surveillance and early warming,Scientific research and exchange,Communication and cooperation),22 second -class indicators and 77 third -class indicators.The W for each class of indicator were 0.701 ,0.531 ,0.547 and 0.697,0.629,0.548 respectively (P <0.01 ).The CV for each indicator ranges from 0.00 to 0.24.Conclusion The indicator system established in the study has good reliability and feasibility,and the specialists'opinions were consistent.The indicator system could be used in common assessment of CDC's emergency response capability in Zhejiang Province.
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Objective Tolearntheparents'acceptanceofchargevaccinesandtheinfluencingfactors.Methods Totally 1869 parents with children of 0 -6 years old were selected with typical sampling and were investigated face to face.The awareness,acceptanceandinfluencingfactorsandservicedemandswereanalyzed.Results Therewere80.20%ofthe parents willing to give their children the charge vaccination.Compared with the local residents group,the other province resident group and other city resident group had a low probability to have charge vaccination (OR=0.777,OR=0.530). Parents who usually concerned about vaccine information were more likely to be vaccinated with charge vaccine (OR =1.307).Compared with other inoculation station,the stations which parents enjoying convenient service have higher inoculationrate(OR=1.673).Conclusion Mostparentshaveacceptedthechargevaccinationfortheirchildren. Health information and service quality of vaccination station are important influencing factors for accessibility of charge vaccination.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To understand the associations of physical activity domains with metabolic syndrome among a middle-aged Chinese population.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>In all, 3326 professional adults aged 35-64 years from Beijing and Zhejiang province were recruited with a cluster random sampling method. The Global Physical Activity Questionnaire was modified, and the recommended Asia-Pacific cut-offs of waist circumstance were introduced into the criteria for metabolic syndrome from the Adult Treatment Panel III. A binary logistic regression model was applied to examine the association of all physical activity domains with the risk of the syndrome.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Participants who engaged in domestic activity for ⋜1176 MET-min/week had a 41.6% less chance of having metabolic syndrome [odds ratio (OR), 0.584; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.480-0.710] than those without this activity. In adjusted models, adults who actively commuted for ⋜33 MET-min/week but <528 MET-min/week had a 25% less chance of having the syndrome (OR, 0.750; 95% CI, 0.582-0.966) than those who did not. No interaction was detected between the two domains of activity and the syndrome.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>This study highlighted the independently negative association of traffic and house activity with the prevalence of the syndrome in this sample with a generally low level of moderate activity.</p>
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Adult , Humans , Middle Aged , Activities of Daily Living , Bicycling , Physiology , Blood Pressure , Physiology , Body Mass Index , Body Size , China , Exercise , Physiology , Lipids , Blood , Logistic Models , Metabolic Syndrome , Epidemiology , Motor Activity , Physiology , Random Allocation , Socioeconomic Factors , Surveys and Questionnaires , Walking , PhysiologyРеферат
Objective ToexaminetheriskfactorsoftypeIIdiabetesinruralareaofHainingcityinordertoprovidebasis fordiseasecontrolandprevention.Methods Residentsagedover18infourtownswereselectedthroughmulti-stage stratified cluster random sampling method,and a questionnaire investigation,physical examination and blood biochemical indicatortestingwereconducted.Results TheadjustedprevalenceoftypeIIdiabetesinHainingcitywas5.17%overall with 5.81% in men and 4.56% in women.The results of multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that age (OR=1.78),overweight (OR=1.71),family history of diabetes (OR=16.05)were risk factors (all P<0.05).Conclusion The prevalence of type II diabetes is considerably high in rural area of Haining city. Risk factor monitoring and comprehensive intervention should strongly be advocated.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To access the prevalence rates of pre-hypertensive patients at different stages and its associated risk factors among adults of Zhejiang province.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Study subjects were selected among local residents aged ≥ 18 years from 15 counties by multi stage stratified cluster random sampling method, from July to November, 2010. Each participant was required to complete questionnaire, physical examination and testing for overnight fasting blood specimen.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>17 437 residents were surveyed including 8169 males and 9268 females. The overall prevalence of prehypertension was 34.39%. The prevalence of pre-hypertension appeared to be higher in males (38.57%) than in females (30.70%) (χ(2) = 119.36, P < 0.0001). The prevalence of pre-hypertension decreased with the increase of age in males who were above 25 year olds (χ(2) = 76.94, P < 0.0001) and in females who were above 45 year olds (χ(2) = 114.66, P < 0.0001). The prevalence of pre-hypertension appeared to be higher in the rural (35.60%) than in the urban (32.39%) areas (χ(2) = 18.69, P < 0.0001). Data from multivariable logistic regression showed that factors as being male, aged older than 35 years of age, with waist circumference as ≥ 85 cm for men and ≥ 80 cm for women, body mass index ≥ 25.0 kg/m(2) and triglyceride ≥ 1.7 mmol/L were risk factors of pre-hypertension while having had higher education was a protective factor.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Pre-hypertension was prevalent among adults residents in Zhejiang province. Factors as overweight, obesity, dyslipidemia appeared to be major risk factors for pre-hypertension.</p>
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Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , China , Epidemiology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Prehypertension , Epidemiology , Prevalence , Risk FactorsРеферат
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the association between dyslipidemia and different subtypes of hypertension among Zhejiang population.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From June to October in 2010, 19 113 local residents aged ≥ 18 years old were selected among 7571 families from fifteen counties in Zhejiang by four stage stratified-random sampling method. A self-designed questionnaire was adopted to collect information on demographic characteristics, physical activity and life style. At the same time, physical examinations including height, weight, blood pressure and blood lipids were carried out.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>A total of 19 113 participants completed the interviews, physical examinations and collected the blood samples.Excluding those who did not meet the criteria, 14 731 were finally enrolled in the study. The prevalence rates of isolated systolic hypertension (ISH), isolated diastolic hypertension (IDH), systolic and diastolic hypertension (SDH) were 7.16% (1055/14 731, standardized rate:5.46%), 4.60% (677/14 731, standardized rate:4.41%), 7.09% (1045/14 731, standardized rate:5.75%), respectively. Among normal blood pressure group, subjects with normal TC, high TC and abnormal TC were separately 10 571 (88.43%), 1173 (9.81%) and 210 (1.76%); subjects with normal HDL-C and low HDL-C were separately 6885 (57.60%) and 5069 (42.40%); subjects with normal TG, high TG, abnormal TG were separately 9952 (79.91%), 1213 (10.15%) and 1189(9.95%).In ISH group, subjects with normal TC, high TC and abnormal TC were separately 826 (78.29%), 188 (17.82%) and 41 (3.89%); subjects with normal HDL-C and low HDL-C were separately 666(63.13%) and 389 (36.87%); subjects with normal TG, high TG and abnormal TG were separately 737 (69.86%), 150 (14.22%) and 168 (15.92%). Multi factor analysis showed that high TG and abnormal TG were associated with ISH (OR (95%CI):1.43 (1.16-1.76), 1.65 (1.34-2.03) respectively). Among IDH group, subjects with normal TC, high TC, abnormal TC were separately 556(82.13%), 99(14.62%) and 22 (3.25%); subjects with normal HDL-C, low HDL-C were separately 335 (49.48%) and 342 (50.52%); subjects with normal TG, high TG, and abnormal TG separately were 402 (59.38%), 107 (15.81%) and 168 (24.82%). The multi factor analysis showed that high TG and abnormal TG could increase the risk of IDH (OR(95%CI):1.57 (1.24-1.98), 2.18 (1.76-2.70) respectively). Among SDH group, subjects with normal TC, high TC and abnormal TC were 817 (78.18%), 193 (18.47%) and 35 (3.35%); subjects with normal HDL-C and abnormal HDL-C were separately 599 (57.32%) and 446 (42.68%); subjects with normal TG, high TG, abnormal TG were separately 675 (64.59%), 164 (15.69%) and 206 (19.71%). The multi factor analysis showed that high TC, high TG and abnormal TG were also associated with the increased risk of SDH (OR (95%CI):1.38 (1.14-1.67), 1.43(1.18-1.75), 1.73 (1.43-2.10) respectively).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Dyslipidemia is an important factor of different subtypes of hypertension among Zhejiang population, especially triglycerides. Dyslipidemia screening should be strengthened to reduce the risk of cardiovascular diseases.</p>
Тема - темы
Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , China , Epidemiology , Dyslipidemias , Epidemiology , Hypertension , Blood , Classification , Epidemiology , Lipids , Blood , Risk FactorsРеферат
Objective To investigate the status of driving after drinking alcohol among motor vehicle drivers and to provide evidence for the development of specific interventions.Methods A 7-day intercept survey on driving after alcohol drinking,having drinking habit or driving after getting drunk,among motor vchicle drivers,was conducted in 6 counties of Zhejiang province,2010.Results 16 467 motor vehicle drivers were included in the survey.Rates of driving after drinking alcohol [blood alcohol concentration (BAC)>0 mg/100 ml],having habit of drinking alcohol (20 mg/100 ml≤BAC<80 mg/100 ml) and driving after being drunk (BAC≥80 mg/100 ml),were 1.82%,1.03% and 0.27% respectively.Rates of driving after drinking alcohol,having habit of drink alcohol and driving and drunk-driving among the drivers from urban areas were significantly higher than those of drivers from rural areas,and those rates of male drivers were significantly higher than female drivers as well.60.20% of drivers after drinking alcohol,were 35 to 49 year-olds,and the three above said rates all increased along with age.The highest above said three rates were observed at 23:00 PM and 1:00 AM.Compared with other motor vehicle drivers,motorcyclists possessed the highest rates of the three items,as 9.27%,5.01% and 1.57% respectively.Conclusion Driving after drinking alcohol among motor vehicle drivers still prevailed in Zhejiang,especially between 23:00PM and 1:00 AM.Drivers from the cities,being male or motorcyclists were among the high-risk populations that called for special attention to be paid in the future,including law enforcement and health promotion to fight against the problem.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the relationship between genetic polymorphism in microRNAs (miRNAs) precursor and genetic predisposition of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in Chinese population.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A case-control study including 963 HCC cases and 829 HBsAg positive controls and 852 HBsAg negative controls was conducted. hsa-mir-146a rs2910164 C→G and hsa-mir-196-a2 rs11614913 T→C were selected, where the genotypes were determined by the primer introduced restriction analysis-PCR (PIRA-PCR) assay. Odd ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were evaluated by logistic regression analysis to investigate the relationship between onset risk of HCC and different genotypes.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The genotype frequencies of CC, CG and GG at rs2910164 gene locus were separately 34.5% (319/925), 48.6% (450/925) and 16.9% (156/925) in cases; 36.4% (274/753), 45.0% (339/753) and 18.6% (140/753) in HBsAg positive controls; and 36.1% (303/840), 46.0% (386/840) and 18.0% (151/840) in HBsAg negative controls. The genotype frequencies of TT, CT and CC at rs11614913 were respectively 29.7% (277/934), 48.1% (449/934) and 22.3% (208/934) in cases; 30.3% (238/785), 51.0% (400/785) and 18.7% (147/785) in HBsAg positive controls; and 28.6% (239/837), 49.8% (417/837) and 21.6% (181/837) in HBsAg negative controls. No significant relationships were observed between these two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and onset risk of HCC after adjusting the factors as age, gender, smoking and drinking status in comparison with HBsAg positive controls: hsa-mir-146a rs2910164 (CG + GG vs CC): adjusting OR = 1.10, 95%CI: 0.90 - 1.36; hsa-mir-196-a2 rs11614913 (CC + CT vs TT): adjusting OR = 1.01, 95%CI: 0.81 - 1.25; as well as in comparison with HBsAg negative controls: hsa-mir-146a rs2910164 (CG + GG vs CC): adjusting OR = 1.06, 95%CI: 0.87 - 1.29; hsa-mir-196-a2 rs11614913 (CC + CT vs TT): adjusting OR = 0.94, 95%CI: 0.76 - 1.16. As well, no significant relationships were observed between these two SNPs and onset risk of HCC in the subgroups stratified by age, gender, smoking and drinking status.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>hsa-mir-146a rs2910164 C→G and hsa-mir-196-a2 rs11614913 T→C may not play an important role in the HCC predisposition among Chinese populations.</p>
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Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Asian People , Genetics , Carcinoma, Hepatocellular , Genetics , Case-Control Studies , Genetic Predisposition to Disease , Genotype , Liver Neoplasms , Genetics , MicroRNAs , Genetics , Polymorphism, Single NucleotideРеферат
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To establish a bioluminescent MDA-MB-231 cell line which can stably express luciferase and green fluorescent protein to allow bioluminescent imaging in nude mouse models bearing human triple-negative breast cancer xenografts.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The lentivirus carrying luc2, eGFP and neo fusion genes were packaged in 293T cells via calcium phosphate co-precipitation. Human triple-negative breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231 was infected by the lentivirus, and the positive cell clones were tested for eGFP and luc2 expressions by fluorescence microscopy and Xenogen IVIS200 bioluminescent imaging system, respectively. MTT assay, transwell invasion assay and wound healing assay were performed to evaluate the changes in the proliferation, invasion and migration abilities of the infected cells. The cells were then orthotopically implanted into the right second mammary fat pat of female BALB/c nude mice. The tumor growth was monitored by the in vivo imaging system every week, and the tumor tissues were harvested to evaluate the in vivo stability and tumorigenicity of the modified cells using cryosection and HE staining.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The lentivirus-infected MDA-MB-231cells could stably express luc2 and eGFP, and the luciferase activity reached 9689 phontons/s/per cell. No significant changes occurred in the biological activities of the lentivirus-infected MDA-MB-231 cells. We successfully established the nude mouse model bearing orthotopically implanted human triple-negative breast cancer cells.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The modified MDA-MB-231 cell line can be detected sensitively at the primary implantation site and distant metastasis site in nude mice, which provides a convenient and sensitive platform for the research of metastatic mechanism and new antitumor drugs of human triple-negative breast cancer. The combination of eGFP and luc2 is superior to single reporter gene.</p>
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Animals , Female , Humans , Mice , Brain Neoplasms , Breast Neoplasms , Genetics , Metabolism , Pathology , Cell Line, Tumor , Disease Models, Animal , Genes, Reporter , Green Fluorescent Proteins , Genetics , Lentivirus , Genetics , Metabolism , Luciferases , Genetics , Luminescent Measurements , Mice, Inbred BALB C , Mice, Nude , Neoplasm Invasiveness , Neoplasm Transplantation , Receptor, ErbB-2 , Metabolism , Receptors, Estrogen , Metabolism , Receptors, Progesterone , MetabolismРеферат
Objective To evaluate the safety and immunogenicity of split influenza vaccine (Anflu(R) ). Methods An open-labeled clinical trial was carried out in adults aged 18-60 years and elders aged over 60 years from August to September, 2010 in Shenyang, Liaoning province. One dose of split influenza vaccine was administered and adverse events were observed. Serum samples were obtained prior to vaccination and 21 days post vaccination. A/H1N1, A/H3N2 and B antibodies against influenza virus were measured using micro-hemagglutination inhibition (HI) assay. Results A total of 130 subjects were recruited and 120 paired serum samples were obtained. The overall rate of adverse events was 2.3% (3/130) and all of them with systemic reaction. No single serious adverse event was reported. 21 days after the vaccination, the sero-conversion rates of A/H1N1, A/H3N2 and B antibodies against influenza virus among adults were 82.5%, 93.7% and 92.1%, respectively. The Geometric Mean Titer (GMT) ratios were 20.2, 32.0 and 11.4, while the sero-protection rates were 92.1%, 98.4% and 98.4%, respectively. The sero-conversion rates of antibodies among elders were 89.5%, 91.2% and 87.7%, with the GMT ratios as 23.9, 39.8 and 15.1, respectively. The seroprotection rates were 93.0%, 94.7% and 96.5%,respectively. Conclusion All indexes ofA/H1N1,A/H3N2 and B antibodies exceeded the licensure criteria established by the EU Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use,proving the trial vaccine Anflu(R) with good safety and immunogenicity.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the characteristics of inhibitory and activating receptor expressions on natural killer (NK) cells in HIV/HCV co-infected patients.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Numbers, frequencies and expressions of activating and inhibitory receptors of NK cells were measured with flow cytometry (FCS) from HIV/HCV co-infected group (n = 24), HCV mono-infected group (n = 34), HIV mono-infected group (n = 21) and healthy control group (HC, n = 20), then analysis and compare were performed among those groups.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The NK cell absolute counts in HIV/HCV group were significantly lower than those in other three groups. The NKP30 and NKP46 frequencies on NK cells in HIV/HCV, HIV and HCV groups were all significantly lower than those in HC group, but there were no significant differences of NKP30 among former three groups; and NKP46 frequencies in HIV/HCV and HIV groups were lower than those in HCV group, but there were no significant differences between former two groups. The NKG2A frequencies in HIV/HCV and HCV groups were all higher than those in HIV and HC groups significantly, but the NKG2A frequencies in HIV group were lower than those in HC group; There were no significant differences of NKG2D, CD158a and CD158b among those four groups.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>NK cell numbers and expressions of activiting receptors on NK cells obviously decreased in HIV/HCV co-infected patients, but some inhibitory receptors expressions increased, even higher than those of HIV mono-infected patients. NK cells impairments in HIV/HCV co-infection is more severe than HIV or HCV mono-infection.</p>
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Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Flow Cytometry , HIV Infections , Genetics , Metabolism , Hepatitis C , Genetics , Metabolism , Killer Cells, Natural , Metabolism , NK Cell Lectin-Like Receptor Subfamily C , Genetics , Metabolism , NK Cell Lectin-Like Receptor Subfamily K , Genetics , Metabolism , Natural Cytotoxicity Triggering Receptor 1 , Genetics , Metabolism , Natural Cytotoxicity Triggering Receptor 3 , Genetics , Metabolism , Receptors, KIR2DL1 , Genetics , Metabolism , Receptors, KIR2DL3 , Genetics , MetabolismРеферат
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the impacts of HIV/HCV co-infection to NK cells by investigating the changes of frequencies and functions of NK cells in HIV/HCV co-infected patients.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Frequencies and counts of NK cells were measured in patients with HIV mono-infection, HCV monoinfection, HIV/HCV co-infection and health control (HC) group by flow cytometer (FCM). After stimulated with PMA and K562 cells, PBMCs were examined the proportion of IFN-gamma+ NK cells by FCM. Proportion of killed K562 cells were detected to analyze the killing functions of NK cells.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The frequencies of NK cells, the percentages of IFN-gamma+ NK cells as well as the functions of NK cells killing the K562 cells in HIV/HCV co-infection, HIV mono-infection and HCV mono-infection groups were all lower than those of HC group significantly, the absolute counts and killing functions of NK cells in co-infection group were significantly lower than those of HIV or HCV mono-infection group.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The counts and functions of NK cells were affected more in HIV/HCV co-infections than those in HIV or HCV mono-infection.</p>
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Humans , Case-Control Studies , Cell Count , Coinfection , Allergy and Immunology , Flow Cytometry , HIV Infections , Allergy and Immunology , Hepatitis C , Allergy and Immunology , K562 Cells , Killer Cells, Natural , Cell Biology , Allergy and ImmunologyРеферат
Objective To investigate the effect of local mild hypothermia at different times on the prognosis of patients with diffuse axonal injury (DAI). Methods Forty-eight patients with DAI,admitted to our hospital from January 2006 to January 2010, were chosen, and their general clinical data were retrospectively analyzed.According to whether adjuvant treatment with mild hypothermia was performed besides conventional therapy, patients were divided into mild hypothermia (n=23) and control group (n=25). The former group was sub-divided into group A (giving mild hypothermia treatment within 8 h of injury, n=9) and group B (giving mild hypothermia treatment over 8 h of injury, n=14). Patients were assessed with Glasgow outcome scale (GOS) and the prognosis of these patients was analyzed 6 months after treatment. Results No significant differences on age, gender ratio, intracranial pressure before treatment and Glasgow coma scale (GCS) scores were found among the 3 groups (P>0.05).Significant differences on the prognosis were found among the 3 groups (x2=6.671, P=0.036). Determined from the average rank, the prognosis in group A was better than that in group B, and the prognosis in group B was better than that in the control group. Conclusion Local mild hypothermia therapy within 8h of injury has functional benefit in the recovery of patients with DAI and improves their prognosis.
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Objective To investigate the effect of functional hemispherectomy on intractable epilepsy with hemiparalysis. Methods From April 2002 to December 2007, 8 epileptic patients with hemisphere atrophy received functional hemispherectomy in 6 hospitals. Scalp and video EEG examinations revealed epileptic waves in all the patients, including 7 in the ipsilateral side and 1 in the contralateral side. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) indicated hemisphere atrophy and ventriculomegaly in all the patients. Risk factors for epilepsy were found in all the patients, including 3 with hyperpyrexia, 2 with spontaneous intracranial hemorrhage, 2 with traumatic brain injury, and 1 with viral encephalitis (also suspected of Rasmussen's encephalitis). Hemispberectomy was performed based on the methods of Rasmussen and Schramm. Results All the patients were followed up postoperatively for 8 months to 6.4 years (mean 2.8 years). Satisfactory outcomes (including disappearance of seizures) were achieved in 6 patients, but 1 of them experienced seizure reoccurrence because of personal withdraw of antiepileptic drugs 2 years after total seizure relief, and was successfully managed by administration of another two antiepileptic drugs. Significant improvement was achieved in the other case, in which the seizure frequency was reduced by over 70%. The postoperative dose or number of the antiepileptic drugs was reduced in 6 patients, and 2 patients no longer required any medication. No death or serious complications occurred in these patients except for 1 patient who suffered acute status epilepticns perioperatively and was successfully managed. Postoperative EEG revealed the absence of epileptic waves in 6 patients. Two patients showed epileptic waves on the contralateral side. Paralysis aggravation was not observed in 7 patients, and 1 patient experienced temporal muscle weakness, which recovered gradually. Six patients showed improved limb functions, but the thumb function failed to recover. The patients became gentle and cooperative after the operation, and 4 were able to receive formal education. Two patients were capable of carrying out housework, and 2 stayed at home. Conclusion Functional hemispherectomy is effective for management of intractable epilepsy with paralysis and causes low rate of complications.