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Background The benchmark dose (BMD) method calculates the dose associated with a specific change in response based on a specific dose-response relationship. Compared with the traditional no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) method, the BMD method has many advantages, and the 95% lower confidence limit of benchmark dose lower limit (BMDL) is recommended to replace NOAEL in deriving biological exposure limits. No authority has yet published any health-based guideline for rare earth elements. Objective To evaluate genotoxicity threshold induced by acute exposure to neodymium nitrate in mice using BMD modeling through micronucleus test and comet assay. Methods SPF grade mice (n=90) were randomly divided into nine groups, including seven neodymium nitrate exposure groups, one control group (distilled water), and one positive control group (200 mg·kg−1 ethyl methanesulfonate), 10 mice in each group, half male and half female. The seven dose groups were fed by gavage with different concentrations of neodymium nitrate solution (male: 14, 27, 39, 55, 77, 109, and 219 mg·kg−1; female: 24, 49, 69, 97, 138, 195, and 389 mg·kg−1) twice at an interval of 21 h. Three hours after the last exposure, the animals were neutralized by cervical dislocation. The bone marrow of mice femur was taken to calculate the micronucleus rate of bone marrow cells, and the liver and stomach were taken for comet test. Results The best fitting models for the increase of polychromatophil micronucleus rate in bone marrow of female and male mice induced by neodymium nitrate were the exponential 4 model and the hill model, respectively. The BMD and the BMDL of female mice were calculated to be 31.37 mg·kg−1 and 21.90 mg·kg−1, and those of male mice were calculated to be 58.62 mg·kg−1 and 54.31 mg·kg−1, respectively. The best fitting models for DNA damage induced by neodymium nitrate in female and male mouse hepatocytes were the exponential 5 model and the exponential 4 model, respectively, and the calculated BMD and BMDL were 27.15 mg·kg−1 and 11.99 mg·kg−1 for female mice, and 16.28 mg·kg−1 and 10.47 mg·kg−1 for male mice, respectively. The hill model was the best fitting model for DNA damage of gastric adenocytes in both female and male mice, and the calculated BMD and BMDL were 36.73 mg·kg−1 and 19.92 mg·kg−1 for female mice, and 24.74 mg·kg−1 and 14.08 mg·kg−1 for male mice, respectively. Conclusion Taken the micronucleus rate of bone marrow cells, DNA damage of liver cells and gastric gland cells as the end points of genotoxicity, the BMDL of neodymium nitrate is 10.47 mg·kg−1, which can be used as the threshold of genotoxic effects induced by acute exposure to neodymium nitrate in mice.
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ObjectiveThe genotoxicity of zinc oxide nanoparticles （ZnO NPs） in rats was determined by Pig⁃a mutation assay in vivo. MethodsCombined with 28-day oral toxicity test， male SD rats were given ZnO NPs by oral administration for 28 days， at doses of 0， 14， 70 and 350 mg‧kg-1 （maximum concentration of nanoscale dispersion state）. Rats in control groups received 350 mg‧kg-1 of normal size ZnO， 40 mg‧kg-1 N-ethyl-N⁃nitrosourea（ENU）or 0 mg·kg-1 ZnO NPs（solvent control group） Changes of body weight were recorded. At 0， 15， 28 d and 28 d of recovery observation period， 200 μL of tail venous blood was collected from each group， which was labeled by APC mouse anti-rat erythroid cells and FITC mouse anti-rat CD59. The information of 1×106 red blood cells（RBC） from each sample were collected by flow cytometry， and the mutation rate of RBCCD59- was calculated. ResultsCompared with the solvent control group， after 15 days of intragastric administration， the mutation rate of RBC CD59- in peripheral blood of in 350 mg‧kg-1 ZnO NPs group and 40 mg‧kg-1 ENU group was significantly increased while that of in 70 mg‧kg-1 ZnO NPs group was also significantly increased after 28 days of intragastric administration.with time-response and dose-response relationship. All groups except 40 mg‧kg-1 ENU group showed no significant difference in the mutation rate of RBCCD59- in peripheral blood in comparison with the solvent control group after 28-days recovery observation. Conclusion70 and 350 mg‧kg-1 ZnO NPs can increase the mutation rate of Pig⁃a gene in peripheral blood of SD rats.
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Objective@#To analyze the method and effect of reconstruction of the orbital floor defect with preserved orbital contents after advanced maxillary sinus cancer resection.@*Methods@#Thirty-three patients of T3/T4 stage maxillary sinus cancer with orbital invasion who were treated in Shandong Provincial Hospital from January 2010 to October 2016 were retrospectively analyzed, including 20 males and 13 females, aged from 12 to 80 years old. Patients were treated with appropriate surgical methods according to their clinical manifestation, imaging finding, invasion range, preoperative and intraoperative pathology. Surgical approaches such as maxillectomy, expanded maxillectomy and superstructure maxillectomy were used for patients with Medpor orbit floor repairment. Patients were followed up regularly after surgery, and the surgical efficacy was discussed by descriptive statistical method.@*Results@#Of those 33 cases, 19 were squamous cell carcinoma, 8 were adenoid cystic carcinoma, 5 were inverted papilloma malignant transformation, and 1 was myoepithelial carcinoma in our study. After tumor resection and orbital floor repair, the orbital contents and eyeball function of all patients remained intact. During follow-up time ranged from 3 to 8 years, a total of 6 patients relapsed at 3 years and died of ineffective treatment. The survival rate was 81.8% (27/33).@*Conclusion@#Tumor resection and Medpor orbital floor repair in maxillary sinus cancer patients with orbital invasion can preserve the function of the eyeball well, greatly improve the quality of patient′s life.
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Objective To prepare PLGA microparticles loaded with Iron oxide (PLGA/IO MPs) and explore their feasibility of the rat tendon stem cells (TSCs) labeled with the particles and the multimodal imaging of Ultrasonic (US)/Photoacoustic (PA)/Magnetic resonance (MR) in vitro. Methods The PLGA/IO MPs were prepared using double emulsification,and physical and chemical properties were tested and US/PA/MRI imaging was performed.The TSCs were labeled with PLGA/IO MPs,and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and prussian blue staining were performed to test labeling effects,then the US, PA and MRI imaging of labeled TSCs were performed. Results The diameter and Zeta potential of prepared PLGA/IO MPs were ( 801.5 ± 165.6) nm and (6.36 ± 3.36) mV [the Zeta potential of microparticles which including poly-L-Lysine(PLL) was about (3.16 ± 3.69)mV],respectively.PLGA/IO MPs could be imaged by US/PA/MRI multimodal imaging. After labeling,the PLGA/IO MPs were distributed in cytoplasm of labeled TSCs which could be imaged by US,PA,MRI simultaneously. Conclusions The TSCs can be labeled with PLGA/IO MPs effectively,and imaged by using multimodal US/PA/MRI imaging in vitro,which will lay foundation for noninvasive and multimodal tracking of transplanted TSCs in vivo.
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Objective To investigate the learning curve of contrast-enhanced ultrasonography ( CEUS) in sentinel lymph node( SLN ) of breast cancer and provide a theoretical basis for leaners to learn SLN CEUS . Methods The multi-center study of SLN CEUS in breast cancer" was planned by Sichuan Cancer Hospital . According to the uniform inclusion and exclusion criteria , 511 patients with complete clinical data and follow-up results from 9 hospitals in Multi-center were included in this study . According to the inspection time ,the patients were divided into 3 groups named as group A ( 170 patients) ,group B ( 170 patients) and group C ( 171 patients ) ,respectively . The basic clinical data ,ultrasound imaging data , intraoperative and postoperative pathological findings of all patients were recorded . With the accumulation of cases examined ,analysis was performed to find the learning curve of the SLN CEUS examination time , SLN CEUS detection rate ,SLN CEUS surface marking accuracy rate and SLN CEUS diagnosis rate ,the learning curve was analyzed . Results ① There was no statistical significant difference in patients ages , tumors sizes ,tumors locations ,SLNs numbers and LCs numbers among the three groups( all P > 0 .05) . ②As the number of cases examined increases ,the examination time was reduced gradually ,but SLN detection rate ,surface marking accuracy and SLN diagnostic coincidence rate were increased gradually( F = 151 .75 , 1 .96 ,7 .49 ,5 .50 ; P = 0 .000 ,0 .143 ,0 .001 ,0 .005 ) . Conclusions The skill of the doctor is improved gradually when learning SLN CEUS . With the number of the cases increase ,the operating time of SLN CEUS is shorted ,and the SLN detection rate ,surface marking accuracy and SLN diagnostic coincidence rate of SLN-CEUS are gradually increased . It has an important clinical significance for beginners to learn the SLN CEUS technology .
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Objective To detect the efficiency of the newly developed PLGA/IO MPs in tracking tendon stem cells (TSCs) by magnetic resonance (MR) and photoacoustic (PA) imaging . Methods Both PLAG/IO MPs and TSCs were prepared and acquired according to the previous study ,and TSCs were incubated with PLGA/IO MPs for labeling .TSCs were collected for MR and PA imaging ,prussian blue staining was performed ,and the iron concentration of labeled TSCs was determined using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry ( ICP-OES ) at 3 ,7 ,14 ,21 and 28 days after labeling respectively . The rotator cuff injury model was built on the right side of SD rats by surgery and the labeled TSCs were implanted instantly . Dual-modal MR/PA imaging was performed to observe the implanted labeled TSCs at day 3 ,7 ,14 ,21 and 28 after implantation respectively . Results Along with the increase of labeling time ,both MR and PA signal of labeled TSCs decreased gradually ,and the amount of intracellular Fe loading was gradually decreased . At day 28 ,the difference of Fe concentration per cell between labeled TSCs and non-labeled TSCs was not significant (1 .45 pg Fe/cell vs 1 .17 pg Fe/cell , P ＞0 .05) . MR and PA imaging allowed a long-term tracking of labeled TSCs for 21 and 7 days respectively in the rat rotator cuff injury model . Conclusions PLGA/IO MPs are able to label TSCs for up to 21 days ,and dual-modal MR/PA imaging could be used to track the labeled TSCs in the rat rotator cuff injury model .
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Objective To detect the effectiveness of ultrasound-guided glenohumeral joint injection combined with distension for treatment of frozen shoulder.Methods Fifty-two patients diagnosed as frozen shoulder by physical and ultrasound examination were performed the ultrasound-guided glenohumeral joint injection combined with distension.Finally,48 patients completed the continuously three times'treatment were included in this study.Patients were assessed using Visual Analogy Score(VAS),the influence of sleeping and the Active Range of Motion(AROM)at the beginning of each time's treatment and at 2 weeks after the third treatment in order to compare the effectiveness of each time's treatment.Results The pain and sleeping influence of the first treatment were significantly improved compared with before treatment(all P <0.05),but the AROM was not significantly improved(P >0.05).The pain,sleeping influence and AROM of the second treatment were significantly improved by comparing with the first treatment respectively(all P <0.05).The pain and AROM of the third treatment were further improved than the second treatment(all P <0.05).However there was no significant improvement of sleeping influence for the third treatment(P >0.05).Conclusions The pain,sleeping influence and AROM of frozen shoulder patients are significantly improved after the treatment of ultrasound-guided glenohumeral joint injection combined with distension for continuous three times,which is an effective treatment for frozen shoulder.
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ObjectiveTo detect the value of ultrasound-guided steroids injection for the treatment of plantar fasciitis.MethodsThirty-eight physical therapy ineffective plantar fasciitis patients were enrolled in this study, and randomly divided into ultrasound-guided and palpation-guided groups. Pain intensity was measured using a visual analog scale (VAS) and plantar fasciitis were evaluated by high frequency ultrasound including assessment of the thickness before injection and at 4 weeks, 12 weeks post injection.ResultsThirty-eight patients who received either ultrasound guided or palpation-guided injection had significantly lower visual analog scale scores and lower plantar fascia thickness (bothP0.05; (4.56±0.25) mmvs (4.72±0.38) mm, P>0.05]. However, the ultrasound guided group had lower mean visual analog scale score (1.47±0.77vs 2.37±0.68,P<0.01) and lower mean plantar fascia thickness [(4.02±0.24) mmvs (4.53±0.35) mm,P<0.01] than the palpation-guided group at 12 weeks post injection. The calcification of the plantar fascia at 12 weeks post injection in ultrasound guided group was completely disappeared or significantly decreased.ConclusionUltrasound-guided injection for treating plantar fasciitis is more accurate and effective than palpation-guided injection, and is of great clinical value for both patients and doctors.
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ObjectiveTo evaluate the effectiveness of ultrasound-guided (US-guided) subacromial bursa injection of betamethasone combined with hyaluronate for treatment of subacromial bursitis.MethodsA total of 72 patients who were diagnosed as subacromial bursitis by ultrasound and then decided to performed US-guided subacromial bursa injection were randomly divided into two groups. The study group was treated with compound betamethasone suspension followed by sodium hyaluronate, and the control group was treated only with compound betamethasone suspension. Visual analogue score (VAS) and the shoulder active abduction range of motion (AAROM) score were observed before treatment, 1 week and 4 weeks post-treatment during 1 month's followed-up.ResultsThere were signifi cantly decreased in VAS score and increased in AAROM score at 1 week and 4 weeks post treatment for both groups (bothP0.05). But at 4 weeks post treatment, the VAS score of the study group was signifi cantly lower than that of the control group (2.08±1.95vs 3.14±2.0,P<0.05), while the AAROM score of the study group was signifi cantly higher than that of the control group (7.12±2.10vs 6.11±1.93,P<0.05). ConclusionsUltrasound-guided subacromial bursa injection of betamethasone combined with hyaluronate is effective in treating subacromial bursitis. It produces better pain and active abduction functional improvement than betamethasone at a short-term follow-up.