Comparison of exosome extracting methods from human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND: Cell-free stem cell therapy has been an issue of concern, but there is no conclusion on how to extract high-quality exosomes. OBJECTIVE: To extract exosomes from human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells by using three different methods, and then to screen the optimal method. METHODS: Exosomes were extracted from human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells by using the Total Exosome Isolation test kit, Exo Quick test kit and differential ultracentrifugation method, respectively. Then, transmission electron microscopy was used for morphological observations, BCA was utilized to quantify the protein, and western blot assay was applied to detect surface markers CD9, CD81 and CD63. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Extraction of exosomes was completed by all the three methods, and round or oval membranous vesicles were observed under the transmission electron microscope. The protein content and purity of exosomes was highest in the differential ultracentrifugation group, followed by the Exobiology Quick kit group, and lowest in the Total Exosome Isolation kit group, and there were significant differences among the three groups (P < 0.05). Under the same protein concentration, surface specific markers, CD81, CD63 and CD9, were expressed highest in the differential ultracentrifugation group, followed by the Exobiology Quick kit group, and lowest in the Total Exosome Isolation kit group. The operating time was significantly lower in the Exobiology Quick kit group compared with the other two groups (P < 0.05). To conclude, despite a longer operating time, the differential ultracentrifugation method is a rational method to extract enough exosomes with relative high purity.

Effect of NF- κ B inhibitor PDTC on VEGF and endostatin expression of mice with Lewis lung cancer

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the effects of NF- κ B inhibitor pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate hydrochloride (PDTC) on vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and endostatin expression in mice with Lewis lung cance; and its mechanism.@*METHODS@#Mice survival rate and anti-tumor effects were observed in different concentrations of NF- κ B inhibitor PDTC after the Lewis lung cancer mice model was established. VEGF and endostatin expressions were detected by immunohistochemical assay.@*RESULTS@#Lewis lung cancer was be inhibited by 0.5 mg/kg, 1.5 mg/kg and 3.0 mg/kg of NF- κ B inhibitor PDTC (P<0.05). Microvessel density (MVD) in 0.5 mg/kg, 1.5 mg/kg and 3.0 mg/kg NF- κ B inhibitor PDTC groups were significantly lower than the control group (P<0.05). Immunohistochemical assay results showed that VEGF and endostatin expressions in the 0.5 mg/kg, 1.5 mg/kg and 3.0 mg/kg NF-κ B inhibitor PDTC groups were significantly lower than the control group (P<0.05). Western blot results also showed that NF- κ B inhibitor PDTC could inhibit VEGF and endostatin expressions in tumor tissues.@*CONCLUSIONS@#NF- κ B inhibitor PDTC can inhibit tumor formation and reduce tumor angiogenesis in mice with Lewis lung cancer; and its mechanism maybe associated to VEGF and endostatin down-regulation.

Effect of NF- κ B inhibitor PDTC on VEGF and endostatin expression of mice with Lewis lung cancer

Objective: To investigate the effects of NF- κ B inhibitor pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate hydrochloride (PDTC) on vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and endostatin expression in mice with Lewis lung cance; and its mechanism. Methods: Mice survival rate and anti-tumor effects were observed in different concentrations of NF- κ B inhibitor PDTC after the Lewis lung cancer mice model was established. VEGF and endostatin expressions were detected by immunohistochemical assay. Results: Lewis lung cancer was be inhibited by 0.5 mg/kg, 1.5 mg/kg and 3.0 mg/kg of NF- κ B inhibitor PDTC (. P<0.05). Microvessel density (MVD) in 0.5 mg/kg, 1.5 mg/kg and 3.0 mg/kg NF- κ B inhibitor PDTC groups were significantly lower than the control group (. P<0.05). Immunohistochemical assay results showed that VEGF and endostatin expressions in the 0.5 mg/kg, 1.5 mg/kg and 3.0 mg/kg NF-. κ B inhibitor PDTC groups were significantly lower than the control group (. P<0.05). Western blot results also showed that NF- κ B inhibitor PDTC could inhibit VEGF and endostatin expressions in tumor tissues. Conclusions: NF- κ B inhibitor PDTC can inhibit tumor formation and reduce tumor angiogenesis in mice with Lewis lung cancer; and its mechanism maybe associated to VEGF and endostatin down-regulation.

A randomized phase II trial of docetaxel and doxorubicin in treatment for patients with non-small-cell lung cancer who have failed previous platinum-based chemotherapy / 中华肿瘤杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy, toxicity and safety of doxorubicin combined with domestically produced docetaxel versus with taxotere, and to investigate whether these two regimens result in similar outcomes in the treatment for non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients who failed previous platinum-based chemotherapy.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Eighty-eight NSCLC patients were enrolled into this clinical phase II trial. The patients randomly received either domestic docetaxel (study arm) or taxotere (control arm) at a dose of 70 mg/m2 on D2, while doxorubicin at a dose of 40 mg/m2 on D1 was administered in both groups. It was repeated every 3 weeks, totally for three cycles. No granulocyte colony-stimulating factor was used to prevent granulocytopenia. The response rate and toxicity were evaluated using World Health Organization toxicity scale and Karnofsky performance status scale.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Of the 88 patients, 81 were evaluable in terms of efficacy. There was no complete responder in this series. The response rate (RR) was 17.1% in the study arm versus 7.5% in the control arm, and the clinical benefit rate (CBR) was 80.5% in the study group versus 72.5% in the control group. The most frequent grade 3 or 4 toxicities were neutropenia, leucopenia and gastrointestinal symptoms. Other toxicities such as alopecia and vomiting were mild and generally well tolerated. No fluid retention was noticed.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The administration of doxorubicin 40 mg/m2 on D1 combined with domestic docetaxel 70 mg/m2 on D2 is proved to be as effective and tolerable as with taxotere. The domestic drug docetaxel may be considered as an alternative for patients with non-small-cell lung cancer who failed previous platinum-based chemotherapy.</p>

Docetaxel in the treatment of advanced breast cancer / 中华肿瘤杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the efficacy, toxicity and safety of an new domestic docetaxel in the treatment of pretreated advanced breast cancer.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Fourty-four breast cancer patients who had failed in first-line chemotherapy were included in this trial. They received docetaxel as the second-line chemotherapy. Docetaxel was administered alone at a dose of 70 mg/m2 every 3 weeks. The use of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor to prevent granulocytopenia was not permitted. The response rate and toxicity were evaluated by World Health Organization toxicity scale and performance status by Karnofsky scale.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Of the 41 evaluable patients, 4 achieved complete response and 14 partial remission, with a response rate and clinical benefit rate of 43.9% and 85.4%, respectively. Grade 3 or grade 4 neutropenia developed in 42.9%, alopecia in 7.1% and vomiting in 4.8% of these patients. Fluid retention was not observed in this series.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Three-week administration of docetaxel alone at a dose of 70 mg/m2 is effective and tolerable. It provides an alternative for the pretreated advanced breast cancer patients.</p>

Phase II multicenter clinical trial of nedaplatin in the treatment of malignant tumors / 中华肿瘤杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate and compare the efficacy and safety of Nedaplatin (NDP)-based regimen and cisplatin (DDP)-based regimen for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), esophageal cancer and ovary epithelial cell carcinoma.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Single agent group: NDP was administered at a dose of 100 mg/m(2) on D1, every 3 weeks for at least 2 cycles. Combination chemotherapy group: combined with 5-Fu, NVB, VDS + 5-Fu, PTX or CTX respectively, NDP 80 mg/m(2) on D1 or DDP 30 mg/m(2) on D1-3, every 3 weeks for at least 2 cycles was given.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Of 237 patients in this trial, 37 were treated by single Nedaplatin, 139 by NDP-based regimen, 61 by DDP-based regimen in the control group. The response rate of single Nedaplatin chemotherapy for advanced NSCLC was 10.5% (2/19), for ovary carcinoma (1/3) and HNSCC (1/1). For NSCLC and ovary carcinoma patients who had failed in the previous DDP-based chemotherapy, the response rates by single NDP chemotherapy were still 9.1% and 33.3%. The response rate of NDP-based combination regimen for NSCLC, ovary carcinoma, HNSCC and esophageal cancer was 33.9% (21/62), 44.8% (13/29), 20.0% (3/15) and 18.2% (4/22), respectively, which was not statistically different from the rate of controlled group treated by DDP-based regimen. For chemonaive NSCLC, the effect of NDP-based combination regimen (35.7%) was significantly superior to the effect of DDP-based regimen (17.1%) (P = 0.045). The most common adverse events of nedaplatin were myelosuppression (leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, anemia), nausea and vomiting. The myelosuppression and renal toxicity of NDP-based regimen were similar to that of DDP-based regimen, but vomiting was milder than that of DDP-based regimen (54% vs. 75.4%), and grade I/II liver toxicity was more common in the NDP-based regimen than in DDP-based regimen (10.8% vs. 0).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Nedaplatin is effective in the treatment for HNSCC, NSCLC and ovary carcinoma. Compared with the control group treated by DDP-based regimen, nedaplatin-based combination chemotherapy has similar effect on HNSCC, NSCLC, ovary carcinoma and esophageal cancer. Gastrointestinal reaction of nedaplatin is milder than that of cisplatin but the liver function during chemotherapy must be monitored closely.</p>

Phase II clinical trial on gemcitabine in the treatment of stage IIIB-IV non-small cell lung cancer / 中华肿瘤杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the efficacy and safety of domestic Gemcitabine in the treatment of patients with stage IIIB approximately IV non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>124 NSCLC patients were randomized into three groups: Group A: single drug group, 40 cases, gemcitabine 1 000 mg/m(2) + NS 100 ml or 200 ml was infused within 30 approximately 60 minutes on D1, 8 and 15, with 28 days taken as one cycle. Group B: combined treatment group, 36 cases, in addition to the above protocol, cisplatin 30 mg/m(2) was infused within 60 approximately 120 min, on D1, 2 and 3. Group C: combined control group: 39 cases, the protocol applied was the same as group B except domestic gemcitabine being replaced by imported gemzar. The efficacy and side effects of treatment were evaluated after 8 weeks of treatment.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>115 patients could be evaluated for response rate. PR was observed in 9/40 (22.5%) of group A, 15/36 (41.6%) in group B and 15/39 (38.36%) in group C. There was no significant difference of PR rates between group B and group C (P = 0.552). 117 patients who received the second cycle of treatment were evaluated for toxicity. The incidence of grade III approximately IV nausea, vomiting and loss of appetite was much higher in group B. Hematological toxicity of groups B and C was higher than that of group A. There was no significant difference between groups B and C.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The efficacy and incidence of side effects between domestic gemcitabine and the imported gemzar are similar.</p>