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AIM:To improve the success rate of experimental modeling of non-alcoholic fatty liver(NAFLD)in rats by high-fat diet through comparing three different formulations of high-fat diets in con-structing non-alcoholic fatty liver rats model,so as to provide a reliable animal model for the study of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.METHODS:SPF-grade male SD rats were divided into four groups randomly:control group,high-fat diet group1(HFD1),high-fat diet group2(HFD2),high-fat diet group3(HFD3).Each group was given the corre-sponding feed for 8 weeks while modeling.The da-ta on general observation,body weight changes,and ingestion of the rats were recorded during the modeling period.After 8 weeks'feeding,liver ultra-sound,CT and MRI examination were performed for the rats of each group to check the status.Blood and liver samples were collected.Changes in liver function(ALT,AST),blood lipids(TC,TG,HDL-C,LDL-C),and inflammatory indexes(IL-1β,IL-6,TNF-α)were detected.The morphology of the liv-ers was observed with the naked eyes,and the liv-er index and Lee's index were calculated at the end of 8 weeks.The effects of different high-fat diets on the establishment of NAFLD model in SD rats were comprehensively evaluated by comparing the difference of above indexes among the groups.RE-SULTS:Compared with the control group,rats in the HFD1,HFD2 and HFD3 groups showed poor mental deterioration,decreased activity,severe hair loss,decreased food intake,increased body weights,and significantly increased liver index and Lee's in-dex,along with increased liver volume,blunt edge,steatosis and lipid deposition,and the trend was even more pronounced in the HFD3 group.Com-pared with the control group,the serum levels of ALT,AST,TC,TG,LDL-C,IL-1β,IL-6 and TNF-α were significantly increased,while the contents of HDL-C was significantly decreased in the HFD1,HFD2 and HFD3 group,especially in the HFD3 group.Com-pared with the control group,the B ultrasonogra-phy showed an enlarged liver with enhanced paren-chymal echo and pipe unsharpness,CT showed that the liver and spleen CT ratio decreased obvi-ously,and the MRI images showed obvious differ-ence of liver signal intensity between in/out of phase image in the HFD1,HFD2 and HFD3 group,and the most significant imaging changes was ob-served in the HFD3 group.CONCLUSION:The above three kinds of high-fat diets can establish NAFLD model in SD rats after 8 weeks'feeding,the models induced by HFD3 was better than those in-duced by the other two groups.NAFLD lesion is rel-atively serious and expected to last longer in HFD3 group,which are more suitable for investigating the underlying mechanisms of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and development of lipid-lowering drugs.
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Objective@#To investigate the pathogen spectrum distribution and drug resistance of febrile neutropenic patients with hematological diseases in Shanghai.@*Methods@#A retrospective study was conducted on the clinical isolates from the febrile neutropenic patients hospitalized in the departments of hematology in 12 general hospitals in Shanghai from January 2012 to December 2014. The drug susceptibility test was carried out by Kirby-Bauer method. WHONET 5.6 software was used to analyze pathogenic bacteria and drug susceptibility data.@*Results@#A total of 1 260 clinical isolates were collected from the febrile neutropenic patients. Gram-positive bacteria accounted for 33.3% and Gram-negative bacteria accounted for 66.7%. Klebsiella pneumoniae (12.5%) , Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (9.5%) , Escherichia coli (9.1%) , Pseudomonas aeruginosa (8.7%) , Acinetobacter baumannii (6.6%) , Staphylococcus aureus (5.6%) and Enterococcus faecium (5.0%) were ranked in the first 7 of all pathogens. In the respiratory tract secretions specimens, non-fermented strains accounted for 56.2%. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia accounted for 15.2%. Enterobacteriaceae and coagulase-negative Staphylococci accounted for 42.3% (104/246) and 32.6% (85/246) respectively in blood samples. Enterobacteriaceae and Enterococcus bacteria accounted for 39.4% (76/193) and 28.5% (55/193) respectively in pus specimens. The detection rates of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and methicillin resistant coagulase negative Staphylococci (MRCNS) were 54.3% and 82.5%, respectively. Staphylococcus bacterial strain was not found to be resistant to linezolid, vancomycin and teicoplanin. The detection rate of Enterococcus vancomycin-resistant strains was 8.9%. Enterococcus was not detected resistance to oxazolidinone strains. Enterobacteriaceae bacteria were highly sensitive to carbapenems. The resistance rate of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to imipenem and meropenem was 34.1% and 15.8%, respectively. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia was more sensitive to minocycline hydrochloride, levofloxacin and sulfamethoxazole. The resistance rate of Acinetobacter baumannii only to cefoperazone-sulbactam was less than 10.0%. The antibiotic resistance rate of Klebsiella pneumoniae, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumanii to most of common antibiotics was lower than that of the CHINET surveillance.@*Conclusions@#The pathogenic strain distribution in common infection sites of febrile neutropenic patients was characterized. Bacterial resistance surveillance was better than the CHINET nationwide large sample surveillance in China.
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Objective To analyze the papers published by domestic scientific research workers in order to improve the academic level of their papers. Methods The papers published by over 3000 domestic scientific research workers were investigated with questionnaires. Their motives to publish papers and the relation between the number of pub-lished papers and the assessment of their performance were analyzed. Results The number of papers published by domestic scientific research workers was increased. However, their academic level was to be further improved. Over quantization of the assessment mechanisms for scientific research increased the external motives to publish papers, thus leading to the insufficient internal motives of them to engage in scientific research. Conclusion A loose and comfortable academic environment should be created for the scientific research workers in order to initiate their in-ternal motives to publish papers. Over quantization of the assessment mechanisms for scientific research should be changed in order to reduce the external motives of domestic scientific research workers to publish papers. Innovative and cultural environment should be created in order to improve the soft power of scientific research in our country.
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Chinese Association for Science and Technology in conjunction with Beijing Institute of Biotechnology and Beijing Science and Technology Consulting Center carried out a survey of the research publications by science and technology professionals in China in year 2014.Based on the overall survey data,we selected the group of medical professionals,including medical organization personal according to the classification of different types of units and health care personals according to the job type,and analyzed the status of research publications,including the number of papers published,motivation,stress,evaluation mechanisms,journal selection,and compared with other classification groups.
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Aims To observe the changes of endoge-nous hydrogen sulfide/cystathionine-γ-lyase (H2 S/CSE)system and to study the effects of H2 S on cardiac function,H2 S/CSE and myocardial infarct volumes in acute myocardial ischemic injury in isolated hearts of rats.Methods The myocardial ischemic injury model was established by the ligation of coronary artery.The hemodynamic parameters,such as the left ventricular developed pressure (LVDP),±dp/dtmax and coronary arterial flow(CF),were respectively recorded to evalu-ate the cardiac function.The content of H2 S and the activity of CSE in cardiac tissue were detected respec-tively at each time point after ischemia.Infarct vol-umes in isolated rat hearts were determined by dual staining with Evans-blue and TTC.Results (1 )Com-pared with those of the sham group,LVDP,±dp/dtmax and CF were significantly decreased at 30 min,1,2,3, 4 h after ischemia(P<0.01),there were no statistical-ly significant differences in the content of H2 S and the activity of CSE in cardiac tissue at 3 0 min after ische-mia.But during the periods from 1 h to 4h after ische-mia,the content of H2 S and the activity of CSE in car-diac tissue were significantly decreased,the infarct volumes were greatly increased compared with those of the sham control group (P<0.05 or P<0.01 ).(2) Compared with those of the ischemia 4h group,LVDP, ±dp/dtmax and CF were significantly increased in the NaHS low,middle and high dose groups (P<0.05 or P<0.01),the content of H2S and the activity of CSE in cardiac tissue were significantly increased in the NaHS low,middle and high dose groups(P<0.05 or P<0.01 ),and the infarct volumes were significantly decreased in NaHS middle and high dose groups(P<0.01 ).Conclusion H2S and CSE are involved in myocardial ischemic injury in isolated hearts of rats. Administration of NaHS could enhance the activity of CSE,increase the content of H2 S,and reduce infarct volumes.It could be suggested that H2 S has cardiopro-tective effects on acute myocardial ischemic injury.
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Aim To investigate whether hydrogen sul-fide ( H2 S ) inhibits cardiomyocyte apoptosis induced by acute myocardial ischemia in isolated perfused rat heart. Methods The myocardial ischemia injury model was replicated with Langendorff isolated perfused rat heart, and the left anterior descending coronary ar-tery was ligated for 4 h. 40 male SD rats were divided into five groups randomly: sham group, ischemia group, and NaHS groups (5,10,20μmol·L-1). The segmental heart samples were used for HE staining. Cardiomyocyte apoptosis was detected with TUNEL as-say. The expressions of caspase-3 and Cyt-C in hearts were determined with Western blot analysis. Results Myocardial cells were found to show serious disorder and coagulated zonal necrosis under light microscope, the apoptotic rate of cardiomyocytes and the expression of caspase-3 and Cyt-C were significantly increased af-ter ischemia for 4h. Perfusion of NaHS resulted in more clear cell morphology and milder pathologic chan-ges of myocardiocytes according to the HE staining a-nalysis, and the significant decrease of expression of Cyt-C. After perfusion of 10,20 μmol·L-1 NaHS,the apoptotic rate of cardiomyocytes and the expression of caspase-3 were significantly decreased. Conclusion H2 S has certain protective effects on acute myocardial ischemic injury in isolated perfused rat heart via inhibi-ting cardiomyocyte apoptosis.
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AIM:To investigate whether hydrogen sulfide ( H2 S) protects the hearts against inflammatory re-sponses induced by acute myocardial ischemia in isolated rat hearts .METHODS: Rat acute myocardial ischemia injury was induced by ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery for 4 h, and the normal perfusate was replaced with NaHS (5 μmol/L, 10μmol/L and 20 μmol/L) perfusate accordingly in NaHS groups 2 h after ischemia.The changes of cardiac function in the myocardial ischemic injury rats were observed .The mRNA expression of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10 and ICAM-1 was detected by real-time PCR.The protein level of nuclear factor-κB ( NF-κB) in the myocardial tissues was detected by Western blotting .RESULTS:The cardiac function in ischemia group was lower than that in sham group (P<0.01).Compared with ischemia group, perfusion of NaHS resulted in the improvement of the cardiac function (P<0.05 or P<0.01).Compared with sham group, the mRNA expression of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and ICAM-1 in the cardiac tissues was significantly increased , and the mRNA expression of IL-10 in the cardiac tissues was significantly decreased in ischemia group (P<0.01).Compared with ischemia group , the perfusion of NaHS significantly decreased the mRNA ex-pression of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and ICAM-1 ( P<0.05 or P<0.01 ) .The perfusion of NaHS at concentrations of 10μmol/L and 20μmol/L significantly increased the mRNA expression of IL-10 (P<0.01).The protein level of NF-κB in ischemia group was markedly higher than that in sham group (P<0.01).Compared with ischemia group, the perfusion of NaHS at concentrations of 10 μmol/L and 20 μmol/L significantly decreased the expression of NF-κB ( P<0.05 or P<0.01).CONCLUSION:H2S protects the hearts against acute ischemia injury through inhibition of NF-κB activation and subsequent down-regulation of NF-κB-dependent inflammatory gene expression .
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Laminin(LN) and hyaluronie acid (HA) are extracellular matrix in liver. The effects of LN and HA on human fetal liver cells proliferation and collagen synthesis were observed and serum levels of LN and HA were assayed m patients with liver diseases by an enzyme immunoassay method. Both LN and HA had a significant effect on the inhibition of cell proliferation and collagen production. However, serum levels of LN and HA were significantly increased in liver cirrhosis comparing with healthy controls and with patients with non-liver diseases. The results suggest that LN and HA may play a role in the feed-back inhibition mechanism in liver fibrogencsis, and assay of LN and HA in serum may be useful to the diagnosis of liver fibrosis.
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38 cases of Benign Monoclonal Gammopathy (BMG) representing 17.9% were screened from 212 cases of M-proteinemia by laboratory examinations. Among the 38 cases, 17 cases had increase of IgG, another 17 cases of IgA and 4 cases of IgM. Their average M-proteins were 1.42, 0.88 and 1.84 g/dl respectively.The salient points of differential of benign or malignant M-proteinemia were also discussed. The recommended sequential laboratory diagnostic procedure of BMG were as follows: tatol serum protein determination, plasma protein zone electrophresis, urine protein analysis, immunoglobulin quantitation and immunoelectrophresis or selective electrophresis.