Biomarkers for early screening and diagnosis of breast cancer: a review / 生物工程学报

The estimated new cases of breast cancer (BC) patients were 2.26 million in 2020, which accounted for 11.7% of all cancer patients, making it the most prevalent cancer worldwide. Early detection, diagnosis and treatment are crucial to reduce the mortality, and improve the prognosis of BC patients. Despite the widespread use of mammography screening as a tool for BC screening, the false positive, radiation, and overdiagnosis are still pressing issues that need to be addressed. Therefore, it is urgent to develop accessible, stable, and reliable biomarkers for non-invasive screening and diagnosis of BC. Recent studies indicated that the circulating tumor cell DNA (ctDNA), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), carbohydrate antigen 15-3 (CA15-3), extracellular vesicles (EV), circulating miRNAs and BRCA gene from blood, and the phospholipid, miRNAs, hypnone and hexadecane from urine, nipple aspirate fluid (NAF) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in exhaled gas were closely related to the early screening and diagnosis of BC. This review summarizes the advances of the above biomarkers in the early screening and diagnosis of BC.

Phage antibody library technology in tumor therapy: a review / 生物工程学报

Tumor is a serious threat to human health. At present, surgical resection, chemoradiotherapy, targeted therapy and immunotherapy are the main therapeutic strategies. Monoclonal antibody has gradually become an indispensable drug type in the clinical treatment of cancer due to its high efficiency and low toxicity. Phage antibody library technology (PALT) is a novel monoclonal antibody preparation technique. The recombinant immunoglobulin variable region of heavy chain (VH)/variable region of light chain (VL) gene is integrated into the phage vector, and the antibody is expressed on the phage surface in the form of fusion protein to obtain a diverse antibody library. Through the process of adsorption-elution-amplification, the antibody library can be screened to obtain the antibody molecule with specific binding antigen as well as its gene sequence. PALT has the advantages of short antibody production cycle, strong plasticity of antibody structure, large antibody yield, high diversity and direct production of humanized antibodies. It has been used in screening tumor markers and preparation of antibody drugs for breast cancer, gastric cancer, lung cancer and liver cancer. This article reviews the recent progress and the application of PALT in tumor therapy.

Predictive value of nutritional risk index, systemic immune inflammation index and triglyceride glucose index on the condition and prognosis of patients with acute pancreatitis / 西安交通大学学报(医学版)

【Objective】 To investigate the predictive value of nutritional risk index (NRI), systemic immune inflammatory index (SⅡ) and triglyceride glucose (TyG) index on the condition and prognosis of patients with acute pancreatitis (AP). 【Methods】 A total of 173 AP patients were divided into mild acute pancreatitis (MAP) group (n=79), moderate acute pancreatitis (MSAP) group (n=44), and severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) group (n=50) according to their severity. All the 50 SAP patients were divided into death group (19 cases) and survival group (31 cases) according to the death situation. The NRI, SⅡ and TyG indexes of each group were recorded and compared. The values of NRI, SⅡ and TyG index in predicting the occurrence and death of SAP were analyzed with ROC curve. Pearson correlation analysis of the correlation between NRI, SⅡ, and TyG index in SAP patients was made. 【Results】 NRI was significantly lower in SAP group (89.25±4.50) than in MSAP group (93.40±6.25) and MAP group (97.62±8.60), while SⅡand TyG index in SAP group (2 706.30±1 052.74, 7.84±1.21) were significantly higher than those in MSAP group (1 937.24±983.48, 6.52±1.05) and MAP group (1 280.58±717.36, 4.65±0.58) (P<0.001). NRI in death group (86.40±3.70) was significantly lower than that in survival group (91.46±5.28), while SⅡ and TyG index in death group (3 085.73±1 192.48, 9.05±1.37) were significantly higher than those in survival group (2 270.26±994.53, 6.70±1.10) (P<0.001). The ROC curve showed that the AUC of NRI, SⅡ and TyG index jointly predicting SAP occurrence and death was 0.850 (95% CI: 0.792-0.908) and 0.905 (95% CI: 0.843-0.966), respectively. Correlation analysis showed that NRI was negatively correlated with SⅡ and TyG index in SAP patients (r=-0.761, P<0.001, r=-0.813, P<0.001), while SⅡ was positively correlated with TyG index (r=0.842, P<0.001). 【Conclusion】 NRI, SⅡ and TyG index are related to the severity and death of AP patients, and the combination of the three indexes has good value in predicting the occurrence and prognosis of SAP.

Influence of WeChat official account platform on continuing medical education for medical professionals / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Objective:To explore the role of WeChat official account platform (WOAP) in knowledge acquisition for medical professionals (MPs), and to provide a new way for continuing medical education.Methods:With the help of the "Tencent Questionnaire" platform, an electronic version of the questionnaire was designed, which was sent to the MPs through "Spine Jizhu" WOAP, and forwarded by WeChat groups and friends circle. The survey included the general information of MPs, the evaluation on "Spine Jizhu" WOAP and the influence of medical WOAP on their knowledge acquisition. The questionnaires were collected and analyzed descriptively.Results:A total of 901 valid questionnaires were recovered, and 91.9% (828) of the MPs chose the rest time as the most suitable push time, with the most choice from 18: 00 to 21: 00, and the most push frequency of "twice a week"; 97.3% (877) of MPs selected "very satisfied" or "relatively satisfied" for the overall evaluation of "Spine Jizhu" WOAP; MP rated the quality of articles pushed by "Spine Jizhu" WOAP with a score of (8.5±1.4); 79.1% (713) of MPs followed 5 or more medical WOAPs, and most of them valued the quality and reliability of the pushed contents; 92.7%(835) of MPs believed that the medical WOAP was "very helpful" and "relatively helpful" in enhancing their professional knowledge. In terms of access to the latest professional knowledge, 68.4%(616) of MPs chose "WOAP pushed articles", while only 18.4%(166) of MPs chose "traditional paper media (periodicals, magazines, newspapers and books)".Conclusion:WOAP is aimed at followed people and pushes original articles at a fixed time and frequency to help MPs to acquire knowledge and provide a new supplementary form for continuing medical education.

Expression and clinical value of serum miR-148a-3p and miR-551b-5p in acute pancreatitis / 中华胰腺病杂志

Objective:To investigate the expression level and clinical value of serum miR-148a-3p and miR-551b-5p in patients with acute pancreatitis (AP).Methods:The clinical data of 152 patients with AP admitted to Danzhou people's Hospital from January 2017 to September 2020 were selected. According to the severity of their illness, they were divided into MAP group ( n=70), MSAP group ( n=40), and SAP group ( n=42). The SAP group was divided into survival group ( n=25) and death group ( n=17) according to the prognosis of the patients. Another 50 healthy people were selected as the control group. Fastening venous blood was collected on the day of onset, and the expression levels of serum miR-148a-3p and miR-551b-5p in each group were detected by real-time quantitative PCR. The receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) was drawn and the area under the curve (AUC) was calculated. The expression levels of serum miR-148a-3p and miR-551b-5p were analyzed to evaluate the prognosis of SAP. The correlation between serum miR-148a-3p and miR-551b-5p expression levels in SAP patients was analyzed by Pearson method. Results:The expression levels of serum miR-148a-3p (3.18±1.27 vs 0.96±0.28) and miR-551b-5p (1.94±0.85 vs 0.51±0.12) in AP group were significantly higher than those in control group ( P<0.001). The expression levels of serum miR-148a-3p (4.36±1.70 vs 2.84±1.10, 2.50±0.92) and miR-551b-5p (2.80±1.04 vs 1.68±0.53, 1.42±0.45) in SAP group were significantly higher than those in MSAP group and MAP group ( P<0.001). The expression levels of serum miR-148a-3p (5.30±1.95 vs 3.47±1.40) and miR-551b-5p (3.62±1.37 vs 2.08±0.91) in death group were significantly higher than those in survival group ( P<0.001). ROC curve analysis showed that the AUC of the combination of miR-148a-3p and miR-551b-5 in judging the prognosis of SAP was significantly higher than that of the single index of miR-148a-3p and miR-551b-5[0.943(95% CI0.886-0.997) vs 0.860(95% CI0.797-0.924), 0.822(95% CI0.795-0.880)], with a sensitivity of 98.3% and specificity of 84.6%. Correlation analysis showed that there were positive correlation between the expression level of serum miR-148a-3p and miR-551b-5p in SAP patients ( r=0.835, P<0.001). Conclusions:The expression levels of miR-148a-3p and miR-551b-5p in serum of AP patients were significantly increased, and the combined detection of miR-148a-3p and miR-551b-5p had a good value in judging the prognosis of SAP.

Research advance in Randall plaque of kindey stone / 中南大学学报(医学版)

Urinary calculi are characterized by high incidence and recurrence rate, which is a challenge in urology. The theory of Randall plaque is widely recognized by scholars. The mechanism of Randall plaque formation includes vascular calcification, osteogenic transformation and so on. However, it still lacks a unified theory for the Randall plaque formation. As an important type of non-coding RNA, long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) is closely related to the occurrence and progress of many diseases. The difference in lncRNA expression between the renal papillary tissues of non-calculous patients and the renal papillary tissues of Randall plaque in renal calculous patients suggests that lncRNA may be involved in the formation of Randall plaque. Pseudoxanthoma elasticum is a rare autosomal recessive hereditary disease, caused by a mutation in the ABCC6 gene. Patients with pseudoxanthoma elasticum have a high prevalence of calculi, and plaque formation is observed in the patient's kidney, which may suggest that mutation in the ABCC6 gene might be involved in the formation of Randall plaque.

Clinical Observation of Miao Medicine Jinyin Huashi Granule Combined with Western Medicine in the Treatment of Chronic Calculous Cholecystitis / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To investigate clinical efficacy and safety of Miao medicine Jinyin huashi granules combined with western medicine in the treatment of chronic calculous cholecystitis(CCC). METHODS:A total of 120 CCC patients in our hospi-tal during Jan. 2014-Jan. 2016 were randomly divided into control group and observation group,with 60 cases in each group. Con-trol group was given 50％ Magnesium sulfate solution 10 mL orally before meal,tid;amoxicillin 0.5 g orally,tid+Racanisodamine tablets 10 mg,tid+Compound dantong tablets 1 slice,tid,after meal. Observation group was additionally treated with Miao medi-cine Jinyin huashi granules 15 g,tid,on the basis of control group. Both groups were treated for consecutive 4 weeks. Clinical effi-cacies,the improvement of upper abdominal pain,nausea and greasy,calculus were observed in 2 groups. The thickness of gall-bladder,serum levels of IL-2 and IL-5,mRNA and protein expression of CYP7A1 and B-UCT were compared between 2 groups before and after treatment. The occurrence of ADR was recorded in 2 groups. RESULTS:Total response rate of observation group was 96.67％,which was significantly higher than 88.33％ of control group,with statistical significance (P<0.05). One d and one week after treatment,the improvement rates of upper abdominal pain were 63.33％ and 81.67％ in observation group, which were significantly than 36.67％ and 50.00％ of control group,with statistical significance(P<0.05). There was no statisti-cal significance in the improvement rate of nausea or greasy after treatment between 2 groups(P>0.05). The stone-free rate of ob-servation group was 33.33％ and significantly higher than 11.67％ of control group,with statistical significance(P<0.05). Before treatment,there was no statistical significance in the thickness of gallbladder wall,serum levels of IL-2 or IL-15,mRNA and pro-tein expression of CYP7A1 or B-UCT between 2 groups(P>0.05). After treatment,the thickness of gallbladder wall,serum lev-els of IL-2 and IL-15 were all decreased significantly in 2 groups,while mRNA and protein expression of CYP7A1 and B-UCT were increased significantly;observation group was significantly better than control group,with statistical significance (P<0.05). There was no statistical significance in the incidence of ADR between 2 groups(P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS:Miao medicine Jinyin huashi granules combined with western medicine show significant therapeutic efficacy for CCC,can effectively improve right upper quadrant pain,nausea and greasy,decrease serum levels of IL-2 and IL-5 and up-regulate mRNA and protein expression of CYP7A1 and B-UCT with good safety.

Preparation of monoclonal antibodies against 3D protein of EV71 based on HBc particles as expression vector / 中国免疫学杂志

Objective:To prepare and preliminarily identify the monoclonal antibodies(mAbs) specifically against 3D protein of Enterovirus 71(EV71),using bioinformatics to predict the epitopes of 3D,with HBc protein as a carrier.Methods: Artificial screening of 3D protein epitope sequences by bioinformatic method,inserted into the major immunodominant region(MIR) area of Hepatitis B virus core protein(HBc),to construct the recombinant protein.BALB/c mice were immunized with the recombinant virus like particles(VLPs),to prepare the mAbs against 3D protein of EV71.Affinity chromatography technology was used to purify the mAb.The indirect ELISA,ELISPOT,immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry staining methods were used to identify the characteristic of the mAb.Results: We displayed 3D(aa34-43),3D(aa61-76) and 3D(aa151-164) epitopes by constructing fusion protein using HBc VLPs as a vector,after hybridization,one positive hybridoma cell line(3E1) was selected by ELISA.The isotype of 3E1 was IgG2a.The results of immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry staining assay showed that the mAb 3E1 could specifically recognize EV71.Conclusion: The prepared mAb 3E1 can specifically recognizes the EV71,which laid the foundation for the detection of virus and further study on 3D protein,and verified the bioinformatics technology combined with HBc carrier displaying peptides could prepare mAb quickly and efficiently.

Role of whole-body diffusion weighted imaging (WB-DWI) in the diagnosis and monitoring of newly diagnosed multiple myeloma / 中华血液学杂志

Objective@#To explore the practical value of whole-body diffusion weighted imaging (WB-DWI) in the diagnosis and monitoring of newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (MM) patients.@*Methods@#The clinical data of 107 newly diagnosed MM patients at hematology department of the first affiliated hospital of Soochow’s University from September 2012 to January 2016 were retrospectively analyzed. The results of all the 60 patients who were performed WB-DWI before treatment were analyzed. And the role of WB-DWI in the diagnosis and monitoring MM was discussed.@*Results@#Of 60 patients, 57 were found to have more or less abnormal foci of osteoclasia by WB-DWI with the positive rate of 95.0% (57/60) . Myeloma related bone lesions occurred predominantly in the axial skeleton, which were commonly seen in ribs, spines and pelvis. There were 96.5% (55/57) patients who had osteolytic rib lesions. And the ribs were the most vulnerable organs. Thirteen patients who had no osteoclasia by computerized tomography (CT) examination were detected abnormal limited diffuse lesions by WB-DWI. Eight patients underwent more than one follow-up WB-DWI. The mean apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values of the maximal lesions from all eight patients before and after treatment were 0.984×10-3mm2/s and 1.142×10-3mm2/s, respectively. They were both higher than the normal range [ (0.516±0.180) ×10-3mm2/s]. Mean ADC values of the maximal lesions after treatment were higher than that before treatment. The results of WB-DWI after the induction chemotherapy were consistent with clinical therapeutic effect.@*Conclusions@#WB-DWI has an important value in the diagnosis and monitoring of newly diagnosed MM. It has higher sensitivity than than that of CT. The results of WB-DWI after induction therapy has a nice correlation with treatment effect and it could monitor the disease.

Interstitial implantation of 125I seeds for local and pelvic recurrence of rectal cancer / 中华内分泌外科杂志

objective To clarify the significance and puncture path of 125I radioactive seeds implantation in treatment of postoperative local recurrence and pelvic metastasis in patients with rectal cancer.Methods Clinical data of 8 rectal cancer patients with postoperative local recurrence and pelvic metastasis treated by ultrasound guided 125I radioactive seed implantation were retrospectively analyzed and the therapeutic effects were observed.Results After the treatment,the symptoms of 5 cases suffering from hematochezia and 2 cases with vaginal bleeding disappeared within 21 to 30 days.7 patients with preoperative pain relieved after treatment.There was no tumor progression from postoperative imaging examination.Conclusion 125I radioactive seed implantation can effectively improve the life quality of rectal cancer patients with postoperative local recurrence and pelvic metastasis.

Analysis of gene expression of the efflux pump of multidrug resisitant Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from paediatrics in the west of Hainan / 实用医学杂志

Objective To investigate the molecular epidemiology and risk factors of the expression of the efflux pumps of multidrug resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Pa). Method From April 2014 to October 2014 , clinical features of 100 patients infected with multidrug resistant Pa were retrospectivly analyzed . Results MexAB-OprM was expressed in all multidrug resistant Pa strains (100%). The expression rates of MexEF-OprN and MexCD-OprJin the multidrug resistant Pa strains were 50% and 36%, respectively. The risk factor of the three efflux pumps expression was analyzed and the results were as follows: the use of carbapenems and glycopeptides antibiotics was the risk factor of MexAB-OprM overexpression which was induced. The use of macrolide and carbapenems antibiotics was the risk factor of the induced MexEF-OprN and MexCD-OprJ expression. Invasive procedures, low WBC, anaemia, chronic fundamental disease and hospitalized in ICU ward were the common risk factors of communicable expression or overexpression of the three efflux pumps. Invasive procedures, low WBC, anaemia, chronic fundamental disease and hospitalized in ICU ward were commonly independent risk factors of expression of the three efflux pumps. Conclusion The normalized use of carbapenems and glycopeptides antibiotics , the reduction of unnecessary invasive procedures , the severely grasped standard of hospitalized in ICU ward , curing the fundamental diseases and improving the immunonity played important roles in the prevention of the expression or overexpression of the efflux pumps of multidrug resistant Pa.

Bilateral anterior internal capsulotomy for refractory anxiety disorders / 中华神经医学杂志

Objective To study the clinical effect of bilateral anterior internal capsulotomy on patients with refractory anxiety disorders.Methods Twenty-one patients with anxiety disorders,failed to pharmacological and cognitive behavior therapies for 5 years and admitted to our hospital from November 2009 to January 2012,were chosen; they received MRI-guided stereotactic bilateral anterior capsulotomy.The coordinates of the lesion target were determined under high resolution MRI directly and confirmed by intra-operative impedance test and high frequency stimulation.The lesions were received radiofrequency at 80 ℃ for 60 seconds.Pre-and post-operative mini-mental state examination (MMSE),self-rating anxiety scale (SAS),Hamilton depression rating scale (HAMD) and Hamilton anxiety rating scale (HAMA) were performed by the same psychiatrists.Results In the 21 patients,8 had anxiety-free,10 had significant improvement,and 3 had no significant improvement.No serious surgery-related complications were noted.Nine patients had mild cognitive deficit and transient dysmnesia only at 1-2 weeks after operation.Personality changes,such as lack of motivation,apathy and indolence,appeared in 4 patients.Psychiatric evaluations demonstrated significant decrease of SAS,HAMD and HAMA scores after operation as compared with those before operation (P＜0.05).However,the difference of MMSE scores between pre-and post-operation was not statistically significant (P＞0.05).Conclusion MRI guided stereotactic bilateral capsulotomy is precise,safe and much an effective treatment for refractory anxiety disorders,whcih is promising to alleviate the symptoms of anxiety and depression,as well as improving the quality of life.

Stereotactic bilateral anterior internal capsulotomy for refractory depression disorders / 中华神经医学杂志

Objective To investigate the effect ofstereotactic bilateral internal capsulotomy on patients with refractory depression disorders and thier complications.Methods Twenty-one patients with treatment-resistant depression,admitted to and underwent stereotactic bilateral internal capsulotomy in our hospital from March 2008 to December 2012,were chosen.Their clinical data were retrospectively analyzed; before and one year after operation,Hamilton depression rating scale (HAMD),Hamilton anxiety rating scale (HAMA) and mini-mental state examination (MMSE) were performed by psychiatrist to evaluate the treatment efficacy.Results (1) The total scores of HAMA and HAMD after operation were significantly lower than those before operation (P＜0.05),while no obvious difference in the MMSE scores was noted between before and after operation.(2) One year after the operation,6 patients met the criterion of clinical control,8 improved significantly,5 got improvement and 2 did not improve; the total effective rate was 90.5％ (19/21).(3) Complications included mild cognitive deficit and transient dysmnesia in 3 patients who all recovered in one week,absence of interest as well as inactiveness in 3 patients,and weight-gain in 2.No serious complications such as cerebral hemorrhage and nerve injuries were noted in all the patients after the operation.Conclusion Stereotactic bilateral capsulotomy is an effective treatment method which can be considered as a compensatory way of treating refractory depression disorders.