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Purpose@#This study aimed to evaluate age-stratified radiographic features in temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis using cone-beam computed tomography. @*Materials and Methods@#In total, 210 joints from 183 patients (144 females, 39 males, ranging from 12 to 88 years old with a mean age of 44.75±19.97 years) diagnosed with temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis were stratified by age. Mandibular condyle position and bony changes (flattening, erosion, osteophytes, subchondral sclerosis, and subchondral pseudocysts in both the condyle and articular eminence, thickening of the glenoid fossa, joint space narrowing, and joint loose bodies) were evaluated through cone-beam computed tomography. After adjusting for sex, the association between age groups and radiographic findings was analyzed using both a multiple regression model and a multinomial logistic regression model (α=0.05). @*Results@#The prevalence of joint space narrowing and protruded condyle position in the glenoid fossa significantly increased with age (P<0.05). The risks of bony changes, including osteophytes and subchondral pseudocysts in the condyle; flattening, erosion, osteophyte, and subchondral sclerosis in the articular eminence; joint loose bodies; and thickening of the glenoid fossa, also significantly rose with increasing age (P<0.05). The number of radiographic findings increased with age; in particular, the increase was more pronounced in the temporal bone than in the mandibular condyle (P<0.05). @*Conclusion@#Increasing age was associated with a higher frequency and greater diversity of bony changes in the temporal bone, as well as a protruded condyle position in the glenoid fossa, resulting in noticeable joint space narrowing in temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis.
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The cheek, a highly visible and significant aspect of an individual’s appearance, is situated adjacent to several structures involved in facial expressions, including the eye, mouth, and surrounding facial muscles. Consequently, aesthetic reconstruction for large cutaneous defects of the cheek remains a challenge for plastic surgeons. We experienced a case of an 83-year-old woman with a large (7×10 cm) facial defect following the removal of squamous cell carcinoma. We elevated a cervicofacial skin flap containing the superficial layer of the superficial musculoaponeurotic system and a blood supply via the dermal plexus in a random pattern. Through this method, we achieved aesthetically favorable reconstruction of a large facial defect using a cervicofacial transposition skin flap. By avoiding extensive dissection, we achieved adequate coverage for even a quite sizable facial defect, with a short recovery time. This method prevented facial nerve injury and made it possible to simultaneously obtain an aesthetically favorable outcome.
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Angiomyolipomas are usually found in the kidneys of patients with tuberous sclerosis. They occur less frequently in organs such as the liver, the oral cavity, the nasal cavity, the heart, the large intestines, and the lungs. Angiomyolipomas of the skin are extremely rare, and cutaneous angiomyolipomas generally occur on the elbow, the ends of digits, the ear, and the glabella. Herein we present a rare case of angiomyolipoma occurring on the face—specifically, the right upper eyelid. We propose that upper eyelid angiomyolipoma is a hamartomatous, rather than neoplastic, lesion. Although angiomyolipoma in the periocular area is rare, it should be considered in the differential diagnosis of clinically benign masses. and regular follow-up is warranted.
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This case report describes the hematological and radiological examination of urinary bladder rupture and complete urethral obstruction. associated with urolithiasis in Hanwoo.Hyponatremia, hypochloremia, azotemia, and hyperglycemia were observed in both urethral obstruction and urinary bladder rupture. However, cattle with urethral obstruction showed hyperkalemia and mild hyperglycemia, whereas cattle with bladder rupture showed marked hyperglycemia and normal potassium levels. In ultrasonography, the urethral obstruction showed a dilated bladder with a thick bladder wall. In contrast to previous literature, in this study, severe electrolyte changes such as severe hyponatremia, hypochloremia, and hyperkalemia occurred in a case of complete urethral obstruction.
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Objective@#The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of remifentanil concentration during total intravenous anesthesia changes on propofol requirements, vital signs, wake-up time, and postoperative pain. @*Methods@#After induction of anesthesia, the concentration of remifentanil was divided into 2 ng/mL (R2 group) and 6 ng/mL (R6 group). In each group, the propofol concentration for maintaining a bispectral index (BIS) of 40–50, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, mean arterial pressure, heart rate, time from drug discontinuation to eye opening, and pain score in the recovery room were all measured using the Student t-test. Differences between the two groups were verified for statistical significance. @*Results@#The average BIS scores maintained during the time of measurement were 45.0±3.8 and 45.5±3.9 in the R2 and R6 groups, respectively. The effective concentrations of propofol to maintain these corresponding BIS scores were 3.0±0.6 mcg/mL and 2.4±0.7 mcg/mL in the R2 and R6 groups, respectively. @*Conclusion@#On using propofol and remifentanil during total intravenous anesthesia, the R6 group showed a reduction in the amount of propofol required to maintain a constant BIS, as well as reduced intraoperative blood pressure and pulse compared to those in the R2 group. No significant effects were observed in the time taken for the patient to wake up postoperatively and in postoperative pain experienced by the patient.
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Purpose@#We report the clinical characteristics and the primary underlying diseases of patients at high risk for failure of penetrating keratoplasty (PKP) in Korea. @*Methods@#Patients at high risk of PKP failure among those who visited the ophthalmological clinics of tertiary care hospitals in Korea from April 2019 to April 2020 and who were indicated for PKP were retrospectively enrolled. We epidemiologically investigated 119 eyes of 104 patients via medical chart review. @*Results@#Herpes simplex virus (HSV) keratitis was the most common primary underlying disease (26.1%). The most common primary cause of poor bilateral visual acuity was Stevens-Johnson syndrome/toxic epidermal necrolysis (SJS/TEN) (41.7%) followed by chemical burns (19.4%). Of the 119 eyes, 40.3% had a history of previous PKP and 20.2% had undergone three or more PKP. The average number of prior PKPs was 1.02 ± 1.46. Corneal neovascularization and corneal opacity were reported in 82.4 and 92.4% of cases, respectively. As the severity of these conditions increased, the eye distributions became larger. Of all patients, 47.9 and 31.9%, respectively, received the highest corneal neovascularization and corneal opacity scores. @*Conclusions@#Our study of patients at high risk of PKP failure improves our understanding of the relevant clinical characteristics and primary underlying diseases. Such patients require careful observation and aggressive treatment. Possible alternatives to PKP should be considered if PKP consistently fails. This study will aid clinicians in deciding whether to proceed to surgery if a poor postoperative prognosis is predictable.
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A nosocomial outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 occurred in two general wards. One outbreak had pre-symptomatic transmission and was linked epidemiologically with an index case. The other outbreak was associated with early detection failure in a crowded room. Notably, adherence to appropriate mask wearing was not confirmed in the hospital outbreak. Confirmed cases were moved into isolation rooms, and contacts were quarantined. Quarantined cases were tested regularly and facilitated early termination of the hospital outbreak.
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A nosocomial outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 occurred in two general wards. One outbreak had pre-symptomatic transmission and was linked epidemiologically with an index case. The other outbreak was associated with early detection failure in a crowded room. Notably, adherence to appropriate mask wearing was not confirmed in the hospital outbreak. Confirmed cases were moved into isolation rooms, and contacts were quarantined. Quarantined cases were tested regularly and facilitated early termination of the hospital outbreak.
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BACKGROUND/AIMS: A switch to systemic therapy, such as sorafenib, should be considered for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients refractory to transarterial chemoembolization (TACE). On the other hand, treatment changes are difficult if the liver function worsens to Child-Pugh B or C. Therefore, predicting the risk factors for non-responsiveness to TACE and deteriorating liver function may be helpful.METHODS: Newly diagnosed Child-Pugh A HCC patients who underwent TACE from January 2012 to June 2018 were included. After 1 year, this study evaluated whether there was a treatment response to TACE and whether the Child-Pugh class had worsened.RESULTS: Among 121 patients, 65 were refractory and 56 responded to TACE. In multivariable logistic regression analysis, the tumor size, tumor number, and albumin at the time of the diagnosis of HCC were significant prognostic factors for the treatment response to TACE. Among 65 patients who presented TACE-refractoriness, 27 showed liver function deterioration from Child-Pugh class A to class B or C after TACE. In multivariable logistic regression analysis, bilirubin at the diagnosis of HCC was a significant prognostic factor for liver function deterioration. A predictive algorithm based on the regression equations revealed a sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of 74.1%, 74.5%, 45.5%, and 90.9%, respectively, for TACE-refractoriness and liver function deterioration.CONCLUSIONS: The prognostic model incorporating the tumor size, tumor number, albumin, and bilirubin at the diagnosis of HCC may help identify patients who show a poor response to TACE and aggravation of liver function after TACE, who may benefit from early switching into systemic therapy before liver function aggravation.
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Purpose@#To investigate the clinical and CT features at admission to predict the progression to necrotizing pancreatitis (NP) in patients initially diagnosed with interstitial edematous pancreatitis (IEP). @*Materials and Methods@#Patients with IEP who underwent contrast-enhanced CT at admission and follow-up CT (< 14 days) were included (n = 178). Two radiologists performed a consensus review of follow-up CT scans and diagnosed the type of acute pancreatitis as IEP or NP. Laboratory findings at admission were recorded. Clinical, CT, and laboratory findings were compared between the IEP-IEP group and IEP-NP group using the chi-square test and the t-test. Multivariate analysis was also performed. @*Results@#There were 112 and 66 patients in the IEP-IEP and the IEP-NP groups, respectively. The proportion of patients with alcohol etiology was significantly larger in the IEP-NP group. Among the CT findings, the presence of peripancreatic fluid and heterogeneous parenchymal enhancement were more frequently observed in the IEP-NP group. Among the laboratory variables, serum C-reactive protein levels and white blood cell counts were significantly higher in the IEP-NP group. Multivariate analysis revealed that the presence of peripancreatic fluid and heterogeneous parenchymal enhancement were significant findings distinguishing the two groups. @*Conclusion@#CT findings, such as the presence of peripancreatic fluid and heterogeneous pancreatic parenchymal enhancement, may be helpful in predicting the progression to NP in patients initially diagnosed with IEP.
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BACKGROUND/AIMS: Surgical resection or ablation is recommended for the treatment of early hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), whereas transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) is frequently used in early HCC ineligible for curative resection. We evaluated the clinical effects and safety of radiofrequency ablation (RFA) shortly after TACE in patients with Barcelona clinic liver cancer (BCLC) stage A HCC. METHODS: Sixty-seven BCLC stage A HCC patients who failed to achieve complete response to TACE as either a first line treatment and who subsequently received RFA at the Konkuk University Medical Center from January 2005 to December 2017 were included. Evaluation indices included treatment response, overall survival rate, recurrence-free survival, prognostic factors, and procedure-related complications. RESULTS: Median follow-up was 46.9 months. Fifty-four (80.6%) patients were of Child-Pugh class A, and 13 (19.4%) were of class B. Modified UICC stages were I in 10 (14.9%), II in 46 (68.7%), and III in 11 (16.4%) patients. In the 67 study subjects, cumulative recurrence-free survival rates were 86.8%, 55.9% and 29.7% at 1, 3, and 5 years, respectively, and overall survival rates were 100%, 93.4%, and 83.5% at 1, 3, and 5 years, respectively. Tumor size significantly predicted recurrence. No treatment-related death occurred. CONCLUSIONS: Combination of RFA was an efficient and safe treatment for BCLC stage A HCC patients that failed to achieve complete response to initial TACE. We suggest TACE plus RFA be considered as a curative option for early HCC patients ineligible for curative resection of RFA.
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Humans , Academic Medical Centers , Carcinoma, Hepatocellular , Catheter Ablation , Follow-Up Studies , Liver Neoplasms , Liver , Recurrence , Survival Rate , Treatment OutcomeРеферат
Salivary alpha-amylase (sAA) is a stress biomarker in human diseases, but there are no reports of sAA measurements in diseased dogs. This study measured the sAA and serum alpha-amylase (AA) levels in 16 healthy dogs and 31 diseased dogs using a kinetic enzyme assay to assess the stress status. The sAA and serum AA levels were significantly higher in the diseased dogs than in healthy dogs (p < 0.05), but there was no correlation between the 2 groups (r = 0.251, p = 0.089). This suggests that sAA can be useful as a stress biomarker in diseased dogs.
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Animals , Dogs , Humans , alpha-Amylases , Enzyme Assays , SalivaРеферат
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the risk of genotype-specific human papillomavirus (HPV) infections for the spectrum of cervical carcinogenesis and the distribution of HPV types according to age and different cervical lesions METHODS: This study included HPV-positive women who underwent cervical biopsy at the Cheil General Hospital & Women's Healthcare Center between July 1, 2011 and December 31, 2017. HPV genotyping was conducted using a Cheil HPV DNA chip kit. RESULTS: The study sample consisted of 400 normal, 399 cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) 1, 400 CIN 2, 400 CIN 3, and 389 cervical cancer cases. HPV 16 was the most common type found with a prevalence of 9.5% in normal, 6.8% in CIN 1, 15.0% in CIN 2, 44.5% in CIN 3, and 64.3% in cervical cancer. The most common HPV types were 16, 52, 58, 53, 51, 56, 68, and 18 in all study samples. HPV 16, 31, 33, and 58 were more common in CIN 2/3 and cancer, and HPV 39, 51, 53, 56, 66, and 68 were more common in CIN 1 and normal cases (p<0.001). In CIN 3 and cervical cancer, HPV 16 was the most common type in all age groups. HPV 52 was the most common type in CIN 2 (all age groups) and in CIN 1/normal (age ≤30 years) cases. Among the high-risk HPV types, 16, 31, 33, 52, and 58 showed significant risk for high-grade disease. CONCLUSIONS: HPV 16, 31, 33, 52, and 58 showed the significant risk of high-grade disease for cervical carcinogenesis.
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Female , Humans , Biopsy , Carcinogenesis , Uterine Cervical Dysplasia , Delivery of Health Care , Genotype , Hospitals, General , Human papillomavirus 16 , Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis , Papillomaviridae , Prevalence , Uterine Cervical NeoplasmsРеферат
The susceptibility of Escherichia coli from community onset urinary tract infection (UTI) was evaluated by dividing community onset UTI into the simple community acquired-UTI (CA-UTI) and healthcare associated UTI (HCA-UTI) groups for a period of 10 years. The susceptibility of E. coli to most antibiotics, except amikacin and imipenem, continued to decrease. In the CA-UTI group, the susceptibility to cefotaxime was 88% in 2015, but rapidly decreased to 79.3% in 2017. The susceptibility to cefepime and piperacillin-tazobactam were 88.8% and 90.5% in 2017, respectively. In the HCA-UTI group, the susceptibility to most antibiotics markedly decreased to less than 60% by 2017. The incidence of ESBL-producing E. coli increased to 23.3% in the CA-UTI group in 2017.
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Amikacin , Anti-Bacterial Agents , Cefotaxime , Delivery of Health Care , Escherichia coli , Escherichia , Imipenem , Incidence , Korea , Tertiary Healthcare , Urinary Tract Infections , Urinary TractРеферат
Lipoma arborescens or synovial lipomatosis is a rare disorder that is characterized by mature fat infiltration of the hypertrophic synovial villi, most frequently affecting the supra-patellar pouch of the knee. This paper presents a case of lipoma arborescens of the ankle joint bilaterally in an adult patient with involvement of both the intra-articular synovium and the synovial sheath of the tendons around the ankle.
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Adult , Humans , Ankle Joint , Ankle , Knee , Lipoma , Lipomatosis , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Synovial Membrane , TendonsРеферат
PURPOSE: Twenty early surgical management cases of distal humerus type-C fractures were analyzed. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study analyzed 20 early patients, who received surgical management of distal humerus type-C fractures, and could be followed-ups for more than one year between March of 2013 and May of 2015. The operative time, bone union time, and elbow range of motion were analyzed. The Mayo's functional score was used to evaluate their postoperative function. The primary and secondary complications of each patient immediately after each of their surgery were also reviewed. RESULTS: All patient groups achieved bone union within an average period of 16.4 weeks. Based on the Mayo functional score, 6, 10, and 4 patients scored excellent, good, and fair, respectively. The average range of motion was a flexion contracture of 14.5° with a follow-up improvement averaging 120.7°. Six patients received nine revision operations due to major and minor complications. Two patients received revision fixation from an inadequate fixating power, and another patient received an ulnar nerve transposition. Other complications included olecranon osteotomy site displacement, superficial operational site infection, and pin loosening. CONCLUSION: Distal humerus fractures of the AO-C type can cause a range of complications and has a very high rate of revision due to its difficult nature of surgical manageability. Therefore, it is imperative for a surgeon to expect various complications beforehand and a careful approach to their postoperative rehabilitation is essential.
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Humans , Contracture , Elbow , Follow-Up Studies , Humerus , Intra-Articular Fractures , Olecranon Process , Operative Time , Orthopedics , Osteotomy , Range of Motion, Articular , Rehabilitation , Surgeons , Ulnar NerveРеферат
BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to compare clinical and radiological results of arthrodesis performed by the anterior approach and by the transfibular approach in ankle osteoarthritis. METHODS: Sixty patients underwent open arthrodesis (38 by the anterior approach and 22 by the transfibular approach). The visual analogue scale score and the American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) score were examined clinically, and radiological examination was performed on the alignment of the lower extremity and bone union. RESULTS: Both groups showed significant improvement in AOFAS score (from 39.8 to 58.3 in the anterior approach group and from 44.5 to 60.7 in the transfibular approach group). There was no significant difference in AOFAS score at the last follow-up in both groups. The time to fusion was 13.5 weeks in the anterior approach group and 11.8 weeks in the transfibular approach group. Nonunion occurred in four cases in the anterior approach group and in one case in the transfibular approach group. CONCLUSIONS: Ankle arthrodesis by the anterior approach and the transfibular approach showed comparably good clinical results.
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Humans , Ankle , Arthrodesis , Follow-Up Studies , Foot , Lower Extremity , Orthopedics , OsteoarthritisРеферат
PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to compare the clinical results between two different methods of hindfoot endoscopy to treat posterior ankle impingement syndrome. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between January 2008 and January 2014, 52 patients who underwent hindfoot endoscopy were retrospectively reviewed. Two methods of hindfoot endoscopy were used; Group A was treated according to van Dijk and colleagues' standard two-portal method, and group B was treated via the modified version of the above, using a protection cannula. For clinical comparison, the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) hindfoot score, time required to return to activity, and the presence of complications were used. RESULTS: There was no statistically significant difference in the AOFAS scores at the final follow-up, and there was also no statistically significant difference in the times for the scores to return to the preoperative level. There were no permanent neurovascular injuries and wound problems in either group. CONCLUSION: Use of protection cannula may provide additional safety during hindfoot endoscopy. We could not prove whether protection cannula can provide superior safety for possible neurovascular injury. Considering the possible safety and risk of using additional instrument, the use of this method may be optional.
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Humans , Ankle , Catheters , Endoscopy , Follow-Up Studies , Foot , Methods , Retrospective Studies , Talus , Wounds and InjuriesРеферат
Intratumoral calcification is one of the most noticeable of radiologic findings. It facilitates detection and provides information important for correctly diagnosing tumors. In the abdominopelvic cavity, a wide variety of tumors have calcifications with various imaging features, though the majority of such calcifications are dystrophic in nature. In this article, we classify the imaging patterns of intratumoral calcification according to number, location, and morphology. Then, we describe commonly-encountered abdominopelvic tumors containing typical calcification patterns, focusing on their differentiable characteristics using the imaging patterns of intratumoral calcification.
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Female , Humans , Male , Adult , Calcification, Physiologic , Calcinosis , Tomography, X-Ray Computed , Abdominal Neoplasms , Pelvic NeoplasmsРеферат
BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to assess correlation between pain and degenerative bony changes on cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images of temporomandibular joints (TMJs). METHODS: Two hundred eighty-three temporomandibular joints with degenerative bony changes were evaluated. Pain intensity (numeric rating scale, NRS) and pain duration in patients with degenerative joint disease (DJD) were also analyzed. We classified condylar bony changes on CBCT into five types: osteophyte (Osp), erosion (Ero), flattening (Fla), subchondral sclerosis (Scl), and pseudocyst (Pse). RESULTS: Degenerative bony changes were the most frequent in the age groups of 10~19, 20–29, and 50~59 years. The most frequent pain intensity was “none” (NRS 0, 34.6%) followed by “annoying” (NRS 3–5, 29.7%). The most frequent condylar bony change was Fla (219 joints, 77.4%) followed by Ero (169 joints, 59.7%). “Ero + Fla” was the most common combination of the bony changes (12.7%). The frequency of erosion was directly proportional to NRS, but the frequency of osteophyte was inversely proportional. The prevalence of Ero increased from onset until 2 years and gradually decreased thereafter. The prevalence of Osp, Ero, and Pse increased with age. CONCLUSIONS: Osp and Ero can be pain-related variables in degenerative joint disease (DJD) patients. “Six months to 2 years” may be a meaningful time point from the active, unstable phase to the stabilized late phase of DJD.