Expression and action mechanism of stromal cell-derived factor 1 in tendon-bone healing of rabbit rotator cuff / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND:In recent years,some scholars in the field of tendon bone injury have attached stromal cell-derived factor 1 to tissue engineering scaffolds to promote tendon bone healing,and achieved good results.However,whether stromal cell-derived factor 1 promotes tendon bone healing mechanisms and participates in the repair of natural healing has not yet been defined. OBJECTIVE:To study the expression of stroma-cell derived factor 1 during tendon bone healing after rupture of the whole supraspinatus muscle of the rabbit rotator cuff and its migration effect and optimal in vitro migration promoting concentration on stem cells during tendon bone injury. METHODS:Totally 18 adult New Zealand rabbits were randomly selected to establish rotator cuff injury models,and an additional 3 rabbits were selected as blank controls.At 3,5,7,14,21,and 28 days after modeling,three rabbits were executed separately and the rabbits in the blank group were sacrificed.The tissues of tendon bone junction were taken and stored in a-80℃refrigerator.The expression of stromal cell-derived factor 1 was detected by ELISA at each time point after injury.Mesenchymal stem cells were isolated from the bone marrow of young rabbit femur,cultured,and identified.Transwell assay was performed to verify the migration-promoting effect of stromal cell-derived factor 1 on stem cells and the optimal migration-promoting concentration in vitro.The stem cells cultured to P3 were co-cultured with BrdU and injected into the rabbit ear marginal vein,and immunohistochemical staining was used to verify whether the stem cells migrated to the injury site. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)Stromal cell-derived factor 1 gene expression was bimodal during rotator cuff tendon bone healing.Stromal cell-derived factor 1 gene expression increased significantly at 3 days post-injury(P<0.01)and then decreased,reaching a minimum at 5 days post-injury.It increased again and reached a peak 14 days after injury(P<0.01)and then decreased.(2)Cell immunohistochemical staining displayed that stem cells labeled with BrdU did migrate to the injury site.(3)The results of the transwell experiment exhibited that 60-80 ng/mL stromal cell-derived factor 1 had the best effect on promoting migration of stem cells,while a concentration of 200 ng/mL inhibited migration.(4)Stromal cell-derived factor 1 is involved in the healing of rotator cuff tendon bone during the inflammatory response phase and the proliferation phase.The mechanism of action may be to promote the migration of stem cells to the injury and their differentiation into various types of cells to promote repair.In addition,the pro-migration effect of stromal cell-derived factor 1 exists at a range of concentrations,beyond which it may act as an inhibitor.

GLUL stabilizes N-Cadherin by antagonizing β-Catenin to inhibit the progresses of gastric cancer

Glutamate-ammonia ligase (GLUL, also known as glutamine synthetase) is a crucial enzyme that catalyzes ammonium and glutamate into glutamine in the ATP-dependent condensation. Although GLUL plays a critical role in multiple cancers, the expression and function of GLUL in gastric cancer remain unclear. In the present study, we have found that the expression level of GLUL was significantly lower in gastric cancer tissues compared with adjacent normal tissues, and correlated with N stage and TNM stage, and low GLUL expression predicted poor survival for gastric cancer patients. Knockdown of GLUL promoted the growth, migration, invasion and metastasis of gastric cancer cells in vitro and in vivo, and vice versa, which was independent of its enzyme activity. Mechanistically, GLUL competed with β-Catenin to bind to N-Cadherin, increased the stability of N-Cadherin and decreased the stability of β-Catenin by alerting their ubiquitination. Furthermore, there were lower N-Cadherin and higher β-Catenin expression levels in gastric cancer tissues compared with adjacent normal tissues. GLUL protein expression was correlated with that of N-Cadherin, and could be the independent prognostic factor in gastric cancer. Our findings reveal that GLUL stabilizes N-Cadherin by antagonizing β-Catenin to inhibit the progress of gastric cancer.

Primary study of heat stress inducing early expression and secretion of tissue factor in vascular endothelial cells / 解放军医学杂志

Objective To explore the pattern of early expression and secretion of tissue factor(TF)in vascular endothelial cells induced by heat stress.Methods Thirty SPF-rated C57BL/6 male mice were randomly divided into five groups:the control group and groups of indicated recovery time,including 0,3,6,and 9 h in room temperature after heat stress(n=6).Mice in the heat stress groups were exposed to an animal incubator to reach 42.5℃for core body temperature for heat stroke.We analyzed the histopathological changes in the liver,lung,and kidney tissues with HE staining.We measured the TF mRNA in mice tissues by RT-qPCR and the plasma concentration of TF in mice with a commercial ELISA kit.Human umbilical vein endothelial cells(HUVECs)were placed in a culture incubator to build an in vitro heat stress model.HUVECs were divided into five groups,including a control group and groups of indicated recovery time,including 0,3,6,and 9 h after heat stress.We quantified the expression of TF mRNA and protein in HUVEC cells by RT-qPCR,Western blotting,and immunofluorescence and measured the secreted TF with a commercial ELISA kit.Results No significant pathological injury was observed in the tissues of the control group.Mice treated with heat stress had various degrees of structural injuries and hemorrhagic and inflammatory changes in multiple tissues.Compared to control group,the expression of TF mRNA significantly increased in the kidney of heat stress-treated mice with 0 and 3 h recovery time(1.719±0.018,1.241±0.178 vs.1.000±0.063),the lung with 3 h recovery time(2.444±0.511 vs.1.000±0.106)and the liver with 6 h recovery time(7.312±0.618 vs.1.000±0.147)(P<0.05).The concentration of TF in plasma also sustainedly elevated in mice with 0,3,6,and 9 h recovery time after heat stress as compared to control group[(132.426±17.920)pg/ml,(119.400±10.267)pg/ml,(107.374±13.495)pg/ml,(163.767±22.810)pg/ml vs.(75.479±13.831)pg/ml,respectively,P<0.01].The expression levels of TF mRNA were higher in heat stress HUVECs with 6 h and 9 h recovery time than the control cells(1.905±0.354,2.564±0.297 vs.1.000±0.097,P<0.01).Secreted TF in the supernatant from HUVECs treated with heat stress and different recovery time also increased significantly[(36.309±4.101)pg/ml,(38.425±5.484)pg/ml,(41.655±4.380)pg/ml,(43.586±4.718)pg/ml vs.(14.996±0.254)pg/ml,P<0.01].Conclusion Heat stress increased early expression and secretion of TF in vascular endothelial cells.Vascular endothelial cells may be a main source of circulating TF in heat stroke.

Effect of Hemoglobin on Efficacy of CAR-T Therapy in Patients with Multiple Myeloma / 中国实验血液学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the effect of hemoglobin (Hb) on the efficacy of chimeric antigen receptor T cell therapy (CAR-T) in patients with multiple myeloma (MM).@*METHODS@#From June 2017 to December 2020, 76 MM patients who received CAR-T therapy in the Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, with complete clinical data and evaluable efficacy, were selected as the research objects. According to the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, the best cut-off value was obtained. The patients were divided into groups on the basis of Hb 105.5 g/L as the cut-off value. The age, sex, serum calcium, β2-microglobulin, serum creatinine, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and the influencing factors of CAR-T treatment efficacy in MM patients were analyzed.@*RESULTS@#Hb was an influencing factor of efficacy. Univariate analysis showed that Hb, LDH, and albumin affected the efficacy of CAR-T therapy. Multivariate analysis showed that Hb ( OR=1.039, 95% CI: 1.002-1.078) and LDH ( OR=1.014, 95% CI: 1.000-1.027) were the influencing factors for the efficacy of CAR-T therapy.@*CONCLUSION@#The efficacy of CAR-T therapy in MM patients with low Hb is poor, and Hb is a factor affecting the efficacy of CAR-T therapy.

Effect of compound nutrients on behavior and fatigue in mice with high temperature exercise / 中国职业医学

OBJECTIVE: To explore the effects of high temperature on learning and memory ability, behavioral activity, and fatigue as well as the intervention effect of compound nutrients on the exercising mice. METHODS: Thirty specific pathogen-free healthy male Kunming mice were randomly divided into the normal-temperature exercise, high-temperature exercise, and high-temperature exercise supplement groups, with 10 mice in each group. The mice in these three groups performed treadmill exercise for one hour every day, six days per week, and continued for four weeks. The mice in the high-temperature exercise supplement group were fed with 0.3 mL of compound nutrients 30 minutes before each treadmill exercise, whereas the mice in the normal-temperature exercise and the high-temperature exercise groups were fed with an equal volume of distilled water. At the end of the treadmill exercise, the mice were subjected to experiments on their neurological behaviors. The serum of mice in each group were collected to detect the lactic acid level, urea nitrogen level, and creatine kinase activity. The liver and gastrocnemius muscle tissues were then taken for detecting the levels of liver glycogen and muscle glycogen.RESULTS: Compared with the mice in the normal-temperature exercise group, the escape latency of the mice in the high-temperature exercise group was prolonged(P<0.05), whereas the number of platform crossings, percentage of target quadrant time, and distance were reduced(all P<0.05). Compared with the mice in the high-temperature exercise group, the escape latency of the mice in the high-temperature exercise supplement group was shortened(P<0.05), whereas the number of platform crossings, percentage of target quadrant time, and distance were increased(all P<0.05). Compared with the mice in the normal-temperature exercise group, the first fall time and grip strength of the mice in the high-temperature exercise group were reduced(all P<0.05), whereas the number of falls was increased(P<0.05). Compared with the mice in the high-temperature exercise group, the first fall time and grip strength of the mice in the high-temperature exercise supplement group were increased(all P<0.05), whereas the number of falls was reduced(P<0.05). Compared with the mice in the normal-temperature exercise group, the serum lactic acid level, urea nitrogen level, and creatine kinase activity of the mice in the high-temperature exercise group were increased(all P<0.05), whereas the levels of liver glycogen and muscle glycogen were decreased(all P<0.05). Compared with the mice in the high-temperature exercise group, the serum lactic acid level, urea nitrogen level, and creatine kinase activity of the mice in the high-temperature exercise supplement group were decreased(all P<0.05), whereas the levels of liver glycogen and muscle glycogen were increased(all P<0.05). CONCLUSION: High temperature exercise can lead to decreased learning and memory ability and behavioral activity in mice, resulting in exercise-induced fatigue. Supplemental compound nutrients can prevent these changes.

Clinical characteristics and prognosis of MLL-AF6 positive patients with acute myeloid leukemia / 北京大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the clinical features and prognosis of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients with the mixed lineage leukemia (MLL) gene rearrangements AF6 (MLL-AF6) positive.@*METHODS@#In the study, 11 patients who were newly diagnosed with MLL-AF6 positive AML were analyzed retrospectively, related literature was reviewed to clarify the clinical features and prognosis of MLL-AF6 positive patients.@*RESULTS@#Among the 11 patients, there were 6 males and 5 females, with a median age of 36 years. Six patients were diagnosed with AML M5 and five with M4 according to FAB classification (French-American-British classification systems). Gingival swelling and pain occurred in 6 cases and fever occurred in 5 cases. At first diagnosis, the median white blood cells were 55.5×109/L. Immunotype showed the expression of myeloid/monocyte and early stem cell series antigens. The expression level of MLL-AF6 fusion gene (real-time quantitative PCR) was 14.2%-214.5%, and 6/11 cases (54.5%) were associated with high EVI1 gene expression. Mutations of KRAS, TET2, ASXL1, TP53, DNMT3A, and FLT3-ITD were detected by next generation sequencing (NGS) in 4 patients. Chromosome G banding examination showed that 2 cases were t(6;11)(q27, q23) with complex karyotype abnormality, 4 cases with +8 abnormality and 2 cases with normal karyotype. Hematological complete remission (CR) was achieved in 8/11 patients (72.7%) after conventional induction chemotherapy, and primary drug resistance was observed in 3 patients. Two of the eight patients with CR were negative for minimal residual disease (MRD), with a median CR duration of 4.5 months. Two patients with positive MRD and three patients with refractory recurrence underwent allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT), but all died due to leukemia progression. At the end of follow-up on December 1, 2019, 2 patients were alive and 9 died, with median survival time of 9 months.@*CONCLUSION@#The AML patients with MLL-AF6 positive were mostly young, the majority of FAB types were M4 and M5, and most of the patients often had fever as the first symptom, with increased white blood cells, accompanied by organ infiltration, and high EVI1 gene expression. The hematological remission rate of routine chemotherapy is not low, but it is difficult to achieve molecular remission, most of which have early recurrence. Early allo-HSCT in a molecular negative state may prolong the CR duration.

In vitro inhibition by 79 herb injectables of nine human cytochrome P450 isoenzymes: a systematic evaluation of herb-drug interactions / 药学学报

Seventy-nine injectable herb extractions have been approved by the Chinese Food and Drug Administration (CFDA) and are frequently administered intravenously for various diseases. Unfortunately, herb-drug interactions are under-investigated and sometimes overlooked in the clinic. In the present investigation the in vitro inhibition of 9 drug metabolizing enzymes including CYP1A, CYP2A6, CYP2B6, CYP2C8, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, CYP2E1, and CYP3A was assessed using an appropriate probe substrate for each enzyme with human liver microsomes. Metabolite formation was quantified using a validated and sensitive high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) assay. The IC50 of each herb extract was estimated using a concentration range from 5% to 0.5%, and the time-dependent inhibition of the nine CYP450 isoenzymes was also determined. Of the 79 approved iv herb injectables, 37 inhibited CYP1A, 24 inhibited CYP2A6, 41 inhibited CYP2B6, 36 inhibited CYP2C8, 31 inhibited CYP2C9, 41 inhibited CYP2C19, 13 inhibited CYP2D6, 25 inhibited CYP2E1, and 42 inhibited CYP3A with 50% or greater inhibition at a test concentration of 5% (v/v). IC50 differences were noted between pre-incubation or co-incubation assays with HLM for 30 min, with the time-dependent inhibitory (TDI) effects were observed with 2 injectables on CYP1A, 5 injectables on CYP2A6, 5 injectables on CYP2B6, 6 injectables on CYP2C8, 1 injectable on CYP2D6 and 6 injectables on CYP3A. Collectively, the results demonstrate that potential herb-drug interactions (HDIs) can occur with the concomitant use of herb injectables and prescription drugs that are cleared by CYP450 enzymes, and further investigation is warrant for the clinical relevance of these interactions.

TAB1——Potential Biomarker of Paclitaxel Resistance in Ovarian Cancer Based on Label-Free Quantitative Proteomics / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To explore the potential targets and related mechanism involved in the paclitaxel resistance to ovarian cancer. Method:Ovarian cancer A2780 cells and A2780 paclitaxel-resistant cells （A2780/T） were treated by 2， 4， 8， 16， 32， 64， 128， 256 μmol·L^-1 paclitaxel （PTX） for 24 h or 48 h respectively <italic>in vitro</italic>. The proliferation rate of A2780 cells and A2780/T cells treated with paclitaxel was determined by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium （MTT） colorimetric method assay. A2780 and A2780/T cells were analyzed by LC-MS/MS Label-Free quantitative proteomics to identify and screen differentially expressed proteins in the two groups of cells. Gene ontology （GO） annotation and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes （KEGG） pathway analysis were used to determine the potential biomarkers of paclitaxel resistance in ovarian cancer. Conventionally cultured A2780 cells were used as a control group， and A2780/T cells were treated with 0， 1， 4 μmol·L^-1 PTX. Real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR） and Western blot methods were used to detect and verify the mRNA and protein expression levels of potential target transforming growth factor-<italic>β</italic>-activated kinase 1 binding protein 1 （TAB1） and its downstream related molecules transforming growth factor-<italic>β</italic>-activated kinase （TAK1） and p38. Result:After PTX treatment for 24 h and 48 h， the cell viability of A2780 and A2780/T cells decreased. The inhibitory rate of PTX on A2780 cells was significantly higher than that of A2780/T cells. In A2780 cells， the IC₅₀ of PTX treatment for 48 h was 0.002 μmol·L^-1， while in A2780/T cells， the IC₅₀of PTX was greater than the maximum concentration of 128 μmol·L^-1， indicating that A2780/T cells were resistant to PTX compared with A2780 cells. 441 differentially expressed proteins and 421 special differentially expressed proteins between A2780/T and A2780 cells were screened by label-free quantitative proteomic analysis. GO function enrichment analysis showed that the binding proteins accounted for the majority （80%） among the differentially expressed proteins. According to the results of KEGG pathway analysis and expression site analysis， TAB1 might be a potential biomarker in paclitaxel-resistant ovarian cancer. Compared with A2780 cells， mRNA and protein expression levels of TAB1 in A2780/T cells were significantly reduced （<italic>P</italic><0.01）. mRNA expression of TAK1 and p38 that interacted with TAB1 were also significantly reduced （<italic>P</italic><0.05， <italic>P</italic><0.01）， while there was no significant change in protein expression. Conclusion:TAB1 may be a potential biomarker of paclitaxel resistance to ovarian cancer ， and its mechanism may be related to the TAB1/TAK1/p38 MAPK pathway.

Syndrome Differentiation of Chinese Medicine in Mars 500 Long-Term Closed Environment / 中国结合医学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To summarize and elucidate the characteristics and evolvement of Chinese medicine (CM) patterns reflecting the physical and mental conditions of participants in the Mars 500 long-term closed environment.@*METHODS@#The DS01-T Digital TCM Four-Diagnostic Instrument and CM Inquiring Diagnostic Questionnaire were used to collect information from 6 participants in the Mars 500 International Joint Research Project, through diagnostic methods of observation, palpation and inquiry according to CM theory. During the 520 days of the experiment, data collection was performed 37 times; a total of over 400 digital images of tongues and facial complexion and over 20,000 data were collected. These data were then analyzed by a team of experts in CM, statistics, and data mining.@*RESULTS@#The CM pattern evolvement of participants in the long-term closed environment followed some common trends. Qi deficiency was the main CM pattern observed, with individual features depending on constitutional differences [manifested in varying degrees of accompanying patterns of Gan (Liver) qi stagnation, Pi (Spleen) deficiency, dampness encumbering, or yin deficiency].@*CONCLUSION@#The research has verified the effectiveness of CM syndrome differentiation based on the four diagnostic methods, which should serve as a solid foundation for observation, monitoring, and intervention in regard to the health conditions of astronauts in long-term space flights in the future.

Application of zebrafish in field of pharmacy / 中国药理学通报

Zebrafish (Danio rerio) is a simple biological labora-tory animal, with similar biological structure and physiological functions to mammals. Almost transparent embryos, in vitro de-velopment of embryos and up to 87% of human genetic similari- ties enable a wide application of zebrafish in the field of pharma-ceutical research. In this paper, we have studied the application of zebrafish in drug metabolism, the research of Chinese medi-cine, the evaluation of drug toxicology and safety, the screening of drugs and the discovery of new drugs, the research of regener- ative drugs, so as to provide new ideas of zebrafish in the field of pharmacy.

Electron Elimination Method Based on Single Electrode Dielectric Barrier Discharge Ion Source / 分析化学

Based on the electric field shielding and insulation technology, the single electrode dielectric barrier discharge ion source ( DBDI ) has the characteristics of uniform discharging, stability, and high ionization energy, and thus can be used to detect various samples with a large range of polarity. However, the ionization energy is too high to reduce the background signal noise, and thus affects the detection effectiveness to low polarity and low boiling point samples. To enhance the detection effectiveness to these samples, a method of eliminating electrons of single electrode DBDI by using external metal electrodes was developed in this study. Then, the single electrode DBDI was improved by an external needle electrode and an external metal net, respectively. The mechanism of those external metal electrodes was discussed, and the experimental studies were carried out. The results showed that the external metal net technology had an advantage in improving signal to noise ratio ( SNR ) , and the enhancement of SNR for the detection of isoprocarb, perfluorooctanoic acid and SudanⅢwas about 5-6 times. Based on the technology, a method for determination of Sudan Ⅲ in chili powder was developed. The recoveries, RSD and LOD were 83. 7%-94. 6% , 5. 6%-9. 0% and 23 mg/kg, respectively. The external metal electrode technique has broadened the detection range of single electrode DBDI to the field of low polarity, low boiling point and complex samples.

Fast Analysis of Veterinary Drugs in Feed Using Gold Nanoparticles-assisted Dielectric Barrier Discharge Ion Source-Mass Spectrometry / 分析化学

Dielectric barrier discharge ion source-mass spectrometry ( DBDI-MS) can achieve in-situ and efficient detection of samples without tedious pretreatment, and has become a popular analytical method. To improve the detection sensitivity, a novel mass spectrometric method based on gold nanoparticles ( AuNPs)-assisted paper-based injection mode and DBDI-MS technology was developed for the fast determination of four veterinary drugs. The detection signal strength was improved by 8-31 times compared to the veterinary drugs which were tested without AuNPs-assisted paper based injection. Under the optimal conditions, the experimental data of four veterinary drugs showed a good linear relationship between the signal and the concentration in the respective range, with correlation coefficient ( r ) of 0. 951-0. 996. Moreover, the recoveries were between 79. 4% and 96. 5% at three spiked levels. This method has many distinct advantages, such as low detected limitation, low cost and high efficiency, and is also very suitable for fast on-site detecting, showing great potential in feed quality control.

An investigation and analysis of health-related quality of life in patients with Kashin-Beck disease in Shaanxi Province / 中华地方病学杂志

Objective To investigate health-related quality of life (HRQOL) and influencing factors in adult patients with Kashin-Beck disease (KBD) in Shaanxi Province for improving health-related quality of life of KBD patients.Methods By the two-stage cluster random sampling method,data of 901 cases of KBD patients with the disease severity of grade 1 and higher were collected from higher KBD incidence areas of Baoji,Xianyang and Tongchuan in Shaanxi Province in February 2016.The Chinese version of SF-36 (including 8 dimensions:physical functioning,role-physical,bodily pain,general health,vitality,social functioning,role-emotional,mental health) was used to measure the HRQOL.Multiple linear regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of HRQOL.Results In 901 cases of KBD patients,male accounted for 55.49％ (500/901),female accounted for 44.51 (401/901).The median age of patients was 58 (22-83) years old.According to the severity of disease criteria,patients with grade Ⅰ were 37.18％ (335/901),patients with grade Ⅱ were 53.50％ (482/901) and patients with grade Ⅲ] were 9.32％ (84/901).The scores of each dimension of SF-36 scale in patients of male patients had higher scores in GH and MH than women [GH:35 (25,50) vs 30 (20,45),MH:56 (48,72) vs 56 (44,68),.9 ＜ 0.05].There were significant differences in PF,RP,BP,GH,VT and SF scores among different age groups (P ＜ 0.05).Similarly,there were significant differences in PF,RP,GH,VT,SF,RE and MH scores among patients with different educational levels (P ＜ 0.05).Married group was only higher in the PF and SF scores than other marital status groups [PF:55 (40,75) vs 50 (35,65),SF:62 (50,75) vs 50 (38,75),P ＜ 0.05].As expected,there were significant differences in the scores of PF,BP,GH and SF between the severity of diseases.There were also significant differences in the scores of PF,BP,GH,VT,SF and MH in KBD patients from different regions (P ＜ 0.05).According to multiple linear regression analysis results,male was the conservation factor of GH and MH scores compared with female;age was a risk factor for PF,RP,BP,GH,VT and SF scores;compared with the illiterate,primary school education was a protective factor for PF and RE scores,junior high school and above were PF,RP,VT,SF,RE and MH scores protective factors;compared with degree Ⅰ KBD,degree Ⅱ and degree Ⅲ were risk factors for PF,BP,GH and SF scores;compared with Baoji area,Xianyang area was a protective factor of SF score,however,Tongchuan area was a protective factor for PF,GH,VT,SF and MH scores.Conclusions KBD has severely damaged the HRQOL of patients.Priority should be given to age,educational attainment and severity of the disease for developing measures to improve KBD patients' HRQOL in different regions.

Perceived social support level and influential factors in patients with Kashin-Beck disease in Shaanxi Province / 中华地方病学杂志

Objective To investigate the level of perceived social support and its influencing factors in Kashin-Beck disease (KBD) patients in Shaanxi Province,and to provide a theoretical basis for improving the service to KBD patients.Methods By the two-stage cluster random sampling method,KBD patients with the severity of disease of grade Ⅰ and above were investigated in Baoji,Xianyang and Tongchuan areas in Shaanxi Province,which were higher incidence areas of KBD.The Chinese version of perceived social support scale (PSSS) was used to measure family support,friend support,and other supportive comprehension social support levels by household survey method,the total score of PSSS is low support state from 12 to 36,intermediate support state from 37 to 60,and high support state from 61 to 84,and the effects of gender,age,education level,marital status,occupation,disease severity and region on the level of perceived social support were analyzed.Results In 901 cases of KBD patients,males accounted for 55.49％ (500/901),females accounted for 44.51％ (401/901).The median age of patients was 58 years old.According to the severity of KBD criteria,grade Ⅰ patients were 37.18％ (335/901),grade Ⅱ patients were 53.50％ (482/901) and grade Ⅲ patients were 9.32％ (84/901).The median (quartile) PSSS score was 62 (54,70),the low support status accounted for 8.55％ (77/901),the intermediate support status accounted for 36.96％ (333/901),and the high support status was 54.50％ (491/901).Age was a risk factor for friend support,other support dimensions and total score;compared with illiteracy,primary school education was the protective factor of total score,and junior high school and above education was the protective factor of family support dimension and total score.Compared with Baoji area,Xianyang area and Tongchuan area were the protective factors of family support dimension,other support dimension,and total score.In addition,Xianyang area was also a protective factor of friend support dimension.Conclusion The level of perceived social support of KBD patients in Shaanxi is generally above moderate.Age,education,and regional factors are main factors affecting perceived social support.

Effects of Fructose,Glucose and Exogenous Nitric Oxide Donor Sodium Nitroprusside on Germination of Psychotria rubra(Lour.)Poir. Seeds Under Drought Stress / 广州中医药大学学报

Objective To observe the effect of fructose(Fru),glucose (Glc)and exogenous nitric oxide donor sodium nitroprusside(SNP)on the germination of Psychotria rubra(Lour.)Poir. seeds under drought stress,and to explore the optimal concentration for clearing the drought stress. Methods We established the drought stress model of Psychotria rubra(Lour.)Poir. seeds with 15％(volume fraction)PEG6000 and 0.4 mol/L D-mannitol, measured the germination rate and germination index of Psychotria rubra (Lour.)Poir. seeds under drought stress combined treatment with different concentrations of Fru (0,300,500 μmol/L),Glc (0,300,500 μmol/L) and SNP(0 , 100 , 200 μmol/L). Results The germination process of Psychotria rubra(Lour .) Poir . seeds was significantly suppressed by drought stress. Fru,Glc and SNP could significantly promote the germination of Psychotria rubra (Lour.) Poir. seeds under drought stress. The optimal condition for clearing drought stress induced by 15％ PEG6000 was Fru 300 μmol/L, Glc 500 μmol/Land SNP 200 μmol/L, and the germination rate was 95％ under the optimal condition . The optimal condition for clearing drought stress induced by D-Mannitol was Fru 500 μmol/L, Glc 500 μmol/L and SNP 100 μmol/L, and the germination rate arrived to100％. Conclusion Fru,Glc and SNP can significantly alleviate the negative impact induced by drought stress for the Psychotria rubra(Lour.)Poir. seed germination,improve the drought-resistant ability of the seeds.

Evaluation of the health status of six volunteers from the Mars 500 project using pulse analysis / 中国结合医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To comprehensively evaluate the health status of 6 volunteers from the Mars 500 Project through analyzing their pulse graphs and determining the changes in cardiovascular function, degree of fatigue and autonomic nervous function.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Six volunteers were recruited; all were male aged 26-38 years (average 31.83±4.96 years). Characteristic parameters reflflecting the status of cardiovascular functions were extracted, which included left ventricular contraction, vascular elasticity and peripheral resistance. The degree of fatigue was determined depending on the difference between the calendar age and biological age, which was calculated through the analysis of blood pressure value and characteristic parameters. Based on the values of pulse height variation and pulse time variation on a 30-s pulse graph, autonomic nervous function was evaluated. All parameters examined were marked on an equilateral polygon to form an irregular polygon of the actual fifigure, then health status was evaluated based on the coverage area of the actual fifigure.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The results demonstrated: (1) volunteers developed weakened pulse power, increased vascular tension and peripheral resistance, and slight decreased ventricular systolic function; (2) the degree of fatigue was basically mild or moderate; and (3) autonomic nervous function was excited but generally balanced.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>These volunteers were in the state of sub-health. According to Chinese medicine theories, such symptoms are mainly caused by the weakening of healthy qi, Gan (Liver) failing in free coursing, and disharmony between Gan and Wei (Stomach), which manifests as a weak and string-like pulse.</p>

Application of multiplex PCR combined with invasive reaction and chromogenic reaction catalyzed by gold nanoparticles in detection of encephalitis and meningitis virus / 中国人兽共患病学报

We developed a method for detecting encephalitis and meningitis virus by using multiplex PCR combined with invasive reaction and a chromogenic reaction catalyzed by gold nanoparticles.Primers were designed based on the conservative regions of encephalitis and meningitis virus (Eastern equine encephalitis virus,EEEV;Western equine encephalomyelitis virus,WEEV;West Nile virus,WNV;Nipah virus,NiPA;Japanese encephalitis virus,JEV).Multiplex PCR system,invasive reaction and a chromogenic reaction catalyzed by gold nanoparticles were established to detect different encephalitis and meningitis virus in one reaction.Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV),St Louis encephalitis virus (StLEV),Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) and Dengue virus(DV) were used to test its specificity.Quantitative RNA transcribed in vitro and PCR fragments were used to assess its sensitivity.Clinical specimens collected from JEV patients were detected by this method.A method for detecting encephalitis and meningitis virus by using multiplex PCR,invasive reaction and a chromogenic reaction catalyzed by gold nanoparticles were successfully established.This method can detect targeted pathogens specifically,and it has no cross reaction with TBEV,StLEV,CHIKV and DV.The detecting limitation for different targets was 103 copies/μL.Clinical samples were positive for JEV nucleic acids for above assay.The method presented here has characteristic of high specificity,sensitivity and throughput.The results can be observed by visual inspection.This method has broad application prospects in pathogen detection.

Study on Identification Characteristics of Dichrocephala auriculata(Thunb.) Druce / 广州中医药大学学报

Objective To identify the pharmacognosy features of Dichrocephala auriculata(Thunb.)Druce,and to summarize its identification characteristics,so as to lay a foundation for further study and development of the drug. Methods By original plant identification and microscopic identification methods,we observed the features of the whole plant of Dichrocephala auriculata(Thunb.)Druce. Results The morphological characteristics of the original plant showed as follows:the whole aerial part was covered with tomentum;roots belonged to taproot root system;the alternate leaves were long oval-shaped, pinnatipartite, or divided;flowers were small, presented as capitulum, arranging in umbrella-shape, with several outer layers of white flowers and several inner layers of yellow green flowers. Microstructure characteristics showed as follows:root vascular bundle was broad,and pericycle fiber bundles were found outside;stem vascular bundle had 8-25 cyclocytics,pericycle fibers were found outside, and the medulla was broad with myelinated fibers around;the upper and below epidermis of leaves had stomata and non-tentacle, and the main vein vascular of the leaf was collateral with vascula bundles upside and downside;the nonglandular hairs,starch grains,fibers,pollen grains,and tubes were shown in the powder of whole plant. Conclusion The above results are stable and reliable, and can be applied for pharmacognosy identification of Dichrocephala auriculata(Thunb.)Druce.

Identification of Aerial Roots of Ficus microcarpa Linn. F. and Ficus elastica Roxb. Ex Hornem / 广州中医药大学学报

Objective To compare the pharmacognosy characteristics of aerial roots of Ficus microcarpa Linn.f. and Ficus elastica Roxb. ex Hornem.. Methods Fresh aerial roots were harvested and were used as the experimental samples. Stereoscopy was used for the observation of macroscopic appearance of Ficus microcarpa Linn.f. and Ficus elastica Roxb. ex Hornem.,and the microscope was used for the examination of their microscopic features of the velamen surface, cross section of root tip, cross section and longitudinal section of the posterior root, and powder. Results The appearance characteristics of the two species were as follows:the number of aerial roots of Ficus microcarpa Linn. f. was more,and the diameter was smaller than that of Ficus elastica Roxb. ex Hornem. The root tips of Ficus microcarpa Linn. f. aerial roots were light yellow turning to yellow-white, covered with gray or yellowish-white lenticels;the root tips of Ficus elastica Roxb. ex Hornem. aerial roots were light yellow or yellow, covered with gray lenticels. Microscopic identification results of the two plants were as follows:the primary xylems of transverse section of root tips and posterior roots of Ficus microcarpa Linn.f. and Ficus elastica Roxb. ex Hornem. were different,the former being five to seven heptarch,and the latter being six to eleven heptarch. Both of the two species had non-articulated unbranched laticifers in their longitudinal section of posterior root, and the diameter of Ficus. elastica Roxb. ex Hornem. was slightly larger than that of Ficus microcarpa Linn. f.. The powder of Ficus microcarpa Linn. f. was red brown,with spiral and pitted vessels;Ficus elastica Roxb. ex Hornem. was yellow brown,with single small and large pitted vessels,and the color of its fiber was shallow or nearly colorless or even transparent, with lines of cluster crystal. Conclusion The results will provide evidence for the identification , exploitation and utilization of Ficus microcarpa Linn . f . and Ficus elastica Roxb. ex Hornem.

Effect of Tuina Combined with Treadmill Training on Nerve Regeneration after Sciatic Nerve Delayed Suture in Rats / 中国康复理论与实践

Objective To explore the effect of the combination of Tuina and treadmill training on nerve regeneration after sciatic nerve transection.Methods A total of 60 Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into control group,model group and treatment group equal-ly.The sciatic nerve was transected in the latter two groups and the epineurium suture was delayed four days.Then the treatment group ac-cepted Tuina and treadmill training once a day.The motor conduction velocity(MCV)of sciatic nerve was measured one and two months af-ter intervention in ten rats respectively,while the number of regenerated axons and Schwann cells was counted,and structures of sciatic nev-er were observed under electron microscopy. Results Compared with the model group, the MCV accelerated in the treatment group (P<0.05),the number of axons was not significantly different(P>0.05),and the number of Schwann cells increased two months after modeling (P<0.05),with less injury under electron microscopy.Conclusion Tuina combined with treadmill training can promote the regeneration of the injured peripheral nerve.