Application of a ASK model-based four-step training method combined with workshops in training on the prevention and control of nosocomial infection for medical students / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Objective:To explore the effects of applying a four-step training method based on an attitude-skill-knowledge (ASK) model combined with workshops in training on the prevention and control of nosocomial infection among medical students, and to provide a reference for reforming nosocomial infection prevention and control training for medical students and establishing a nosocomial infection prevention and control training system.Methods:Medical students from five medical schools entering clerkships during 2018 to 2020 were selected. They were divided into control group (218 medical students in 2018-2019 receiving conventional nosocomial infection control training) and experimental group (216 medical students in 2019-2020 receiving nosocomial infection control training based on the ASK model-based four-step method combined with workshops). The two groups were compared in terms of the compliance rate of hand hygiene, the pass rates of nosocomial infection control theory and skill examinations, the correct rate of medical waste disposal, the incidence of occupational exposure, and the degree of satisfaction with teaching.Results:All the indices of the experimental group were significantly better than those of the control group: the compliance rate of hand hygiene ( χ2=4.92, P=0.027), the correct rate of medical waste disposal ( χ2=5.13, P=0.023), the pass rate of nosocomial infection control theory examination ( χ2=4.03, P=0.038), the pass rate of nosocomial infection control skill examination ( χ2=6.71, P=0.010), and the degree of satisfaction with teaching [(98.03±2.16) vs. (92.53±2.01), P<0.001]. No one had occupational exposure in the experimental group, while there were three cases in the control group. Conclusion:The ASK model-based four-step method combined with workshops is effective in nosocomial infection prevention and control training for medical students. This innovative training method improves students' satisfaction with clinical teaching, providing a basis for the establishment of a training system for the prevention and control of nosocomial infection.

The role of the gut microbiota in the pathogenesis of sarcopenia / 中华老年医学杂志

Sarcopenia is a progressive syndrome associated with aging, generalized loss of skeletal muscle mass, muscle strength and function.It is closely related to the occurrence of adverse events such as ambulatorydysfunction, falls and fractures in the elderly, and seriously affects the quality of life of the elderly.The etiology of sarcopenia has not been fully elucidated.Various pathophysiological mechanisms such as reduced exercise, genetic factors, age-related hormone changes, malnutrition and insufficient protein intake, decreased neuromuscular function, pro-inflammatory cytokines, and myocyte apoptosis are possible factors.Recent studies have found that intestinal microecological changes may be implicated in the occurrence and development of sarcopenia.In this article, we reviewed intestinal microecological changes and their possible role in the mechanisms underlying sarcopenia.