Rapid Screening of 34 Emerging Contaminants in Surface Water by UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS / 法医学杂志

Objective To establish a rapid screening method for 34 emerging contaminants in surface water by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time of flight mass spectrometry(UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS).Methods The pretreatment conditions of solid phase extraction(SPE)were op-timized by orthogonal experimental design and the surface water samples were concentrated and ex-tracted by Oasis? HLB and Oasis? MCX SPE columns in series.The extracts were separated by Kine-tex? EVO C18 column,with gradient elution of 0.1%formic acid aqueous solution and 0.1%formic acid methanol solution.Q-TOF-MS'fullscan'and'targeted MS/MS'modes were used to detect 34 emerging contaminants and to establish a database with 34 emerging contaminants precursor ion,prod-uct ion and retention times.Results The 34 emerging contaminants exhibited good linearity in the con-centration range respectively and the correlation coefficients(r)were higher than 0.97.The limit of de-tection was 0.2-10 ng/L and the recoveries were 81.2%-119.2%.The intra-day precision was 0.78%-18.70%.The method was applied to analyze multiple surface water samples and 6 emerging contaminants were detected,with a concentration range of 1.93-157.71 ng/L.Conclusion The method is simple and rapid for screening various emerging contaminants at the trace level in surface water.

Status and influencing factors of illness perception in atrial fibrillation patients during blanking period after pulmonary vein isolation and ablation / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective:To investigate atrial fibrillation patients′illness perception during the blanking period after pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) and to analyze its influencing factors, so as to provide a reference for improving patients′cognition of the disease and speeding up the rehabilitation process.Methods:This study was a cross-sectional survey. Convenience sampling method was adopted to select 320 patients with atrial fibrillation who were reexamined in the outpatient department during the blanking period after PVI from Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University from Auguest 2022 to May 2023 as the research subjects. The General Information Questionnaire, the Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire (BIPQ), and the Control Attitudes Scale-Revised (CAS-R) were used for on-site investigation.Results:Totally 320 patients were included in this study, including 177 males and 143 females, aged (61.64 ± 10.74) years old. The total score of BIPQ was (42.98 ± 10.49) points, the total score of CAS-R was (27.20 ± 5.65) points. The results of multiple linear regression analysis showed that age, resting heart rate, postoperative course, and perceived control were the influencing factors of illness perception ( F = 25.24, P<0.05). Conclusions:The illness perception of atrial fibrillation patients during the blanking period after PVI needs to be improved urgently. Medical staff should pay more attention to patients with old age, fast resting heart rate, short postoperative course, and low perceived control, and take effective measures to reduce negative illness perception and promote postoperative rehabilitation.

Preparation methods,advantages,and disadvantages of cartilage scaffold materials / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND:Scaffold materials serve as platforms that provide space and structure,playing a crucial role in the regeneration of cartilage tissue.Scholars from around the world are exploring different approaches to fabricate more ideal scaffold materials. OBJECTIVE:To review the design principles and preparation methods of cartilage scaffolds,and to further explore the advantages and limitations of various preparation methods. METHODS:Literature searches were conducted on the databases of CNKI,WanFang Data,PubMed,and FMRS from 1998 to 2023.The search terms were"cartilage repair,cartilage tissue engineering,cartilage scaffold materials,preparation"in Chinese and English.A total of 57 articles were ultimately reviewed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)The articular cartilage has a unique structure and limited self-repair capacity after injury.Even if self-repair occurs,the newly formed cartilage is typically fibrocartilage,which is far inferior to normal articular cartilage in terms of structure and mechanical properties.It is difficult to maintain normal function and often leads to degenerative changes.Currently,the design and fabrication of scaffold materials for cartilage repair need to consider the following aspects:biocompatibility and biodegradability,suitable pore structure and porosity,appropriate mechanical properties,and bioactivity.(2)Research on the preparation of cartilage scaffolds has made significant progress,continuously introducing new preparation methods and optimization strategies.These methods have their advantages and disadvantages,providing more possibilities for customized preparation and functional design of cartilage scaffolds according to specific requirements.

Effects of biomechanics on biological characteristics of osteoblasts / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND:Bone formation is the process by which osteoblasts synthesize and secrete osteoid and promote its mineralization,which generally involves mechanical signal transduction.Osteoblasts are primarily regulated by mechanical factors such as gravity,compressive stress,tensile stress,fluid shear stress,and hydrostatic pressure in vivo,and different mechanical stimuli modulate the proliferation,differentiation,and apoptosis of osteoblasts through various mechanisms,including hormones,cytoskeletal proteins,and microRNAs.By clarifying the effects of biomechanical forces on osteoblasts,it provides ideas and a reference basis for the treatment of osteometabolic diseases involving osteoblasts. OBJECTIVE:To review the effects of different biomechanical forces on the biological characteristics of osteoblasts. METHODS:We conducted a literature search using PubMed,Web of Science,FMRS,CNKI,and WanFang databases for relevant publications published from 2000 to 2023,covering basic research and tissue engineering studies related to the effects of biomechanical forces on osteoblasts.Ultimately,a total of 70 articles were reviewed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Different biomechanical forces have an impact on the biological characteristics of osteoblasts,including proliferation,differentiation,and apoptosis,and these effects are dependent on the intensity and duration of the applied force.Specifically,the effects are as follows:(1)Under microgravity conditions,osteoblast proliferation and differentiation are inhibited,resulting in a decrease in bone density and the development of osteoporosis.(2)Compared to microgravity,hypergravity has a promoting effect on osteoblast proliferation.(3)The effects of compressive stress on osteoblasts are dependent on the loading intensity and time.Appropriate compressive stress can promote osteoblast proliferation and differentiation,which is beneficial for bone tissue formation and repair,while excessive compressive stress can cause osteoblast apoptosis and bone tissue destruction.(4)The biological effects of different types of tensile stress on osteoblasts differ.Studies have shown that a strain rate within the range of 0-12%has a promoting effect on osteoblast proliferation.(5)Fluid shear stress can promote osteoblast proliferation and differentiation and enhance the bone-inducing effect of biomaterials.(6)Static hydrostatic pressure can affect the biological behavior of osteoblasts,including proliferation,differentiation,and apoptosis,and these effects are closely related to the time and intensity of the pressure.Understanding the effects of different biomechanical forces on osteoblasts is of great significance for a deeper understanding of bone growth and maintenance mechanisms.

Effects of Bushen formulae on bone metabolism and ENaCα,NCC and ClC-3 expression in ovariectomized rats with high salt intake / 中国病理生理杂志

AIM:To investigate the effect of Bushen formulae(BHF)on bone metabolism and its possible mechanism in ovariectomized rats with high salt intake.METHODS:According to the random number table method,80 SPF-grade Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into sham group,ovariectomy(OVX)group,medium-high-salt diet(MSD)group,high-salt diet(HSD)group,BHF group,BHF with normal saline(BHF+NS)group,BHF+MSD group,and BHF+ HSD group,with 10 rats in each group.After modeling,different diets and BHF formula interventions were administered,and the concentrations of sodium chloride added to MSD group and HSD group were 2%(w/w)and 8%(w/w),respective-ly.The dose of BHF was 7.8 g·kg-1·d-1,once a day,and the treatment lasted for 12 weeks.Bone density,bone microar-chitecture,bone parameters,bone metabolism biomarkers,bone histopathological changes,the expression of epithelial sodium channel α(ENaCα),Na-Cl cotransporter(NCC),and voltage-gated chloride channel 3(ClC-3)proteins in bone tissue were detected in each group.RESULTS:Compared with sham group,the rats in OVX group had reduced bone density and destroyed bone microstructure.Compared with OVX group,the bone microstructure in MSD and HSD groups was more significantly damaged,while the levels of bone formation markers,bone glycoprotein(BGP)and type Ⅰ procolla-gen N-terminal peptide(PINP),were significantly increased in HSD group(P<0.05).Moreover,the levels of bone re-sorption markers,such as amino-terminal cross-linked telopeptides of type Ⅰ collagen(NTX),carboxy-terminal cross-linked telopeptides of type Ⅰ collagen(CTX)and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase(TRACP),were significantly in-creased(P<0.05),indicating that bone metabolism was in high-conversion state.High-salt diet accelerated the structural destruction of bone trabeculae,and Western blot results showed that high-salt diet caused decreases in the protein expres-sion levels of ENaCα and ClC-3 and an increase in the protein expression level of NCC in femoral tissues(P<0.05).After BHF intervention,the expression of relevant ion channels caused by high salt could be regulated to different degrees.CONCLUSION:Bushen formulae could differentially regulate the expression of relevant ion channels ENaCα,ClC-3,and NCC induced by high salt to different degrees,which has certain ameliorative and therapeutic effects on the imbalance of bone metabolism.

Role of mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes in diabetic retinopathy / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

Exosomes are extracellular vesicles with a diameter of 40-100 nm, which contain a variety of functionally active substances such as proteins, microRNAs, and they are transported into the cell via different pathways. Studies have confirmed that exosomes slow down the progression of diabetic retinopathy by modifying changes in the levels of cell proliferation/apoptosis factors, antioxidant regulatory factors, inflammatory factors, and vascular endothelial growth factor in different ways, including direct regulation and delivery of different miRNAs, long-chained noncoding RNAs, which in turn inhibit high-glucose-induced retinal inflammation, neovascularization, microvascular damage, and vascular leakage and other retinal injuries caused by high glucose. This review summarizes the basic characteristics of exosomes and their research progress in diabetic retinopathy.

Effect of Modified Simiaosan on miR-223-3p and NLRP3/IL-1β Signaling Pathway in Rats with Acute Gouty Arthritis / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of modified Simiaosan on miR-223-3p and NOD-like receptor thermal protein domain associated protein 3 （NLRP3）/interleukin-1β （IL-1β） signaling pathway in rat model with acute gouty arthritis （AGA） and explore the anti-inflammatory mechanism of modified Simiaosan on AGA. MethodA total of 72 8-week-old male SD rats were selected. They were divided into blank group， model group， colchicine group （0.3 mg·kg-1）， high-dose modified Simiaosan group （31.75 g·kg-1）， medium-dose modified Simiaosan group （15.75 g·kg-1）， and low-dose modified Simiaosan group （7.875 g·kg-1） according to random number table method， with 12 rats in each group. Except for the blank group， monosodium urate （MSU） crystal suspension was injected into the right ankle joint of rats by the Coderre method in other groups to replicate the rat model with AGA. The drug administration groups were given the corresponding drug solution by gavage， and the model group and the blank group were given an equal volume of sterile sodium chloride solution by gavage for one week. The circumference of the rats' ankle joint was measured， and the swelling degree of the ankle joint was calculated. Hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining was used to detect the pathological morphological changes in the synovial tissue of the ankle joint. The levels of IL-1β， tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α）， and interleukin-6 （IL-6） in the serum of rats in each group were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）. Western blot was used to detect the protein expressions of NLRP3， Caspase-1， and apoptosis-related spot-like protein （ASC） in synovial tissue of rats in each group， and real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR） was used to detect the mRNA expressions of NLRP3， Caspase-1， and ASC and the expression of miR-223-3p in synovial tissue of rats. ResultCompared with that in the normal group， the swelling degree of the ankle joint in the model group was higher （P<0.01）， and the synovial tissue structure was disordered. Synovial cells proliferated obviously， and a large number of inflammatory cells were infiltrated. The levels of IL-1β， IL-6， and TNF-α in the serum of the model group increased significantly （P<0.01）， and the protein and mRNA expressions of NLRP3， Caspase-1， and ASC increased， while expression of miR-223-3 decreased. Compared with the model group， the swelling degree of ankle joint in the colchicine group and high-dose and medium-dose modified Simiaosan groups was lower （P<0.05）. Synovial cell proliferation and inflammatory cell infiltration of the colchicine group and high-dose， medium-dose， and low-dose modified Simiaosan groups were reduced to varying degrees， among which the colchicine group and high-dose modified Simiaosan group improved most obviously. The levels of IL-1β， IL-6， and TNF-α in the serum of rats in different dose groups of modified Simiaosan and colchicine group decreased significantly （P<0.01）， while the protein and mRNA expressions of NLRP3， Caspase-1， and ASC increased （P<0.01）. The expression of miR-223-3p in synovial tissue of the medium-dose and high-dose modified Simiaosan groups and colchicine group increased significantly （P<0.01）. Compared with those in the colchicine group， the levels of IL-1β， IL-6， and TNF-α in the low-dose modified Simiaosan group increased greatly （P<0.01）. In the medium-dose modified Simiaosan group， the protein expressions of NLRP3， Caspase-1， and ASC increased， and the expression of miR-223-3p decreased （P<0.05）. In the low-dose modified Simiaosan group， the levels of IL-1β， IL-6， and TNF-α increased greatly （P<0.01）， as well as the protein and mRNA expressions of NLRP3， Caspase-1， and ASC， while the expression of miR-223-3p was decreased （P<0.01）. ConclusionModified Simiaosan may play an anti-inflammatory role by intervening in the NLRP3/IL-1β signaling pathway via regulating miR-223-3p.

Investigation,traceability analysis,and discussion of food poisoning caused by Salmonella typhimurium ST19 / 中国人兽共患病学报

To perform a comprehensive analysis of the pathogenic causes of a food poisoning case in a district of Wuhan Cit-y,we investigated the molecular epidemiological relationships among pathogenic bacteria,to aid in traceability analysis of food-borne disease outbreaks,as well as clinical diagnosis and treatment.The pathogenic bacteria in this food poisoning case were i-solated and identified according to GB789.4-2016.The isolated strains were subjected to genotyping with pulsed field gel elec-trophoresis(PFGE).Drug resistance gene analysis,multi-locus sequence typing(MLST),and genome-wide single-nucleotide polymorphism analysis(wgSNP)were conducted via whole genome sequencing(WGS).The evolutionary tree for cluster analy-sis was constructed in fasttree software.Drug susceptibility testing was conducted with the broth microdilution method.A total of 12 strains of Salmonella were detected in seven anal swab samples and two fecal samples from the case,as well as three anal swab samples from unaffected individuals.The serotype of the strains was Salmonella typhimurium.The strain exhibited severe multiple drug resistance,including resistance to amikacin,ampi-cillin,cefazolin,gentamicin,piperacillin,and tetracycline,but susceptibility to other antibiotics.The coincidence rate between drug resistance genes and drug resistance phenotypes was high.PFGE revealed that nine strains from this food poisoning case were highly homologous.WGS revealed that the MLST type was ST19,and varying numbers of SNPs(1-6)were present a-mong strains.The phylogenetic tree revealed nine isolated strains forming a distinct cluster,differing from other Salmonella strains in the database and belonging to a novel clonal branch.The single nucleotide site in the strains was highly homologous to that of GCF in Jiangxi_020221795.1.The food poisoning case was caused by Salmonella typhimurium ST19,and all nine iso-lated strains originated from the same source.The chef is closely connected to this food poisoning case.This strain of Salmo-nella typhimurium belongs to a new clonal branch and exhibits multiple drug resistance.

Clinical characteristics and treatment progress of microphthalmos-anophthalmos-coloboma / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

Microphthalmos-anophthalmos-coloboma(MAC)is structurally and clinically correlated congenital ocular malformation. Although MAC is relatively rare, they still become an important cause of blindness in children. At present, the etiology of MAC is not clear; a variety of genetic or environmental factors may cause MAC. Because of its special anatomical structure, MAC has complex clinical manifestations and multiple complications. The complications including cataract, angle-closure glaucoma, uveal effusion, retinal detachment, orbital cyst, which are often accompanied with increased risks for surgery and poor prognosis. By summarizing the clinical features, the common types of ocular complications, and the progress of the treatment, this article will enhance clinicians' cognition of MAC and guide clinicians to formulate personalized and safe treatment plans for patients.

Health-related quality of life in patients with type 2 diabetes based on the European 5-Dimensional Health Scale / 公共卫生与预防医学

Objective To evaluate the quality of life of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Weifang City, Shandong Province and to explore its influencing factors. Methods A multistage stratified random sampling method was used to investigate patients in endocrine outpatient clinics in four medical institutions in Weifang from July to September 2022. The survey included general information, multi-dimensional evaluation of quality of life with the EQ-5D-5L scale, calculation of health utility values, and analysis of influencing factors using Tobit regression models. Results A total of 397 patients with type 2 diabetes were included in the present investigation, with health utility value of 0.82±0.21 points and visual analogue scale (VAS) score of 79.47±12.81 points. Pain or discomfort, anxiety or depression were more prominent in the study population. Age, diabetic complications, BMI, daily need for care, social support, and daily level of glycemic control were factors influencing health-related quality of life in patients with type 2 diabetes. Conclusion In the actual treatment of type 2 diabetes patients, an emphasis should be placed on protecting elderly type 2 diabetic patients, preventing and controlling the occurrence and development of diabetic complications, and improving daily blood glucose control to further improve the health-related quality of life of the population.

Treatmen of distal femoral fracture of Müller type A with homeopathic bidirectional-traction reduction device unite with internal fixation / 中国骨伤

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the effect of treatment of Müller A fracture of distal femur with small incision internal fixation assisted by homeopathic bidirectional-traction reduction device.@*METHODS@#From January 2018 to December 2019, 22 patients (14 males and 8 females) with Müller type A distal femoral fractures were treated with homeopathic bidirectional-traction assisted reduction and minimally invasive small incision locking plate internal fixation;The age ranged from 29 to 58 years old with an average of (41.23±7.03) years. The time from injury to operation was 1 to 7 days with an average of (3.41±1.71) days. According to Müller classification, there were 4 cases of type A1, 10 cases of type A2, and 8 cases of type A3. The postoperative knee joint function was evaluated by Schatzker Lambert fracture criterion of distal femur.@*RESULTS@#All the incisions healed in one stage without infection, osteomyelitis and other complications. All the fractures healed without malunion and nonunion. All of 22 patients were followed up for 12 to 18 months with an average of (14.50±2.02) months. The healing time was 3 to 6 months with an average of (4.64±1.14) months. According to Schatzker Lambert criteria for distal femoral fracture, 12 cases were excellent, 6 good, and 4 medium.@*CONCLUSION@#It is an ideal method to treat Müller type A fracture of distal femur with homeopathic bidirectional-traction assisted reduction device and minimally invasive small incision locking plate internal fixation.

Mechanism of Qingre Lishi Huazhuo Method（Modified Simiaosan） on Chronic Gouty Arthritis of Dampness-heat Obstruction Syndrome Based on NLRP3/IL-1β Signaling Pathway / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo study the clinical efficacy of the Qingre Lishi Huazhuo method on patients with chronic gouty arthritis of dampness-heat obstruction syndrome and the effect on nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor 3（NLRP3）/interleukin-1β （IL-1β） signaling pathway to preliminarily explore its mechanism. MethodSixty patients with chronic gouty arthritis of dampness-heat obstruction syndrome were enrolled and divided into a treatment group （30 cases） and a control group （30 cases） according to the random number table method. Thirty people were assigned to the healthy group. Patients in the control group were treated with oral Febuxostat， while those in the treatment group were treated with modified Simiaosan combined with Febuxostat. Treatment lasted four weeks. The general clinical data， traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） syndrome scores， serum uric acid （UA）， serum creatinine （SCr）， blood urea nitrogen （BUN）， fasting blood glucose （FPG）， low-density lipoprotein （LDL）， triglyceride （TG）， total cholesterol （TC）， erythrocyte sedimentation rate （ESR）， and C-reactive protein （CRP） of patients were recorded. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA） was employed to measure the levels of IL-1β，TNF-α， and IL-6，and the levels of NLRP3，cysteinyl aspartate-specific protease-1 （Caspase-1）， and apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD （ASC） were detected by Western blot. ResultBefore treatment， the levels of body mass index （BMI）， systolic blood pressure （SBP），diastolic blood pressure （DBP），UA，SCr，BUN，FPG，LDL，TG，and TC in both groups significantly increased （P<0.05，P<0.01），and the levels of HDL significantly decreased as compared with those in the healthy group（P<0.05）. Additionally， the levels of IL-1β， TNF-α， and IL-6 in both groups significantly increased before treatment （P<0.01）. Compared with the results before treatment， patients in the two groups had significant reductions in tube pain， joint tenderness， joint swelling，joint fever， activity disorders， body fatigue， sliminess， bitter mouth， yellow and red urine， and tongue manifestation scores （P<0.05，P<0.01）. Compared with patients in the control group after treatment， those in the treatment group had a significant decrease in joint fever， body fatigue， sliminess， bitter mouth，sticky stool，yellow and red urine， tongue manifestation score， and pulse score （P<0.05）. The total effective rate in the treatment group was 80.0% （24/30）， higher than 56.7% （17/30）in the control group（χ2=11.916，P<0.05）. Compared with the results before treatment， BMI， SBP， DBP， UA， SCr， BUN， FPG， LDL， TG， TC， ESR，CRP， IL-1β， TNF-α， IL-6 levels， and VAS score in both groups significantly decreased （P<0.05，P<0.01）. Compared with patients in the control group after treatment， those in the treatment group had decreased DBP，ESR， IL-1β levels， and VAS score （P<0.05）. Western blot results showed that before treatment， the protein expression of NLRP3， Caspase-1， and ASC in peripheral blood mononuclear cells （PBMCs） of patients in both groups were higher than those in the healthy group （P<0.01）. Compared with the results before treatment， the protein expression of NLRP3， Caspase-1， and ASC in PBMCs in patients of both groups after treatment decreased （P<0.05，P<0.01）. Compared with the control group after treatment， the treatment group showed decreased expression levels of NLRP3 and Caspase-1（P<0.05）. ConclusionThe Qingre Lishi Huazhuo method can effectively improve the clinical symptoms and reduce inflammation of chronic gouty arthritis of dampness-heat obstruction syndrome with good safety. The mechanism may be related to the inhibition of the NLRP3/IL-1β signaling pathway.

Detection of Carbamazepine and Its Metabolites in Blood Samples by LC-MS/MS / 法医学杂志

OBJECTIVES@#To establish a method for the detection of carbamazepine and its metabolites 10,11-dihydro-10,11-epoxycarbamazepine and 10,11-dihydro-10-hydroxycarbamazepine in blood samples by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS).@*METHODS@#The blood samples were treated with 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate as an extraction solvent. The samples were extracted by ultrasound-assisted extraction and separated by ZORBAX Eclipse Plus C18, 95Å column. The mobile phase A aqueous solution containing 0.1% formic acid and 10 mmol/L ammonium acetate, and mobile phase B mixed organic solvent containing acetonitrile/methanol (Vacetonitrile∶Vmethanol=2∶3) were used for gradient elution at the flow rate of 1.00 mL/min. An electrospray ion source in positive mode was used for detection in the multiple reaction monitoring.@*RESULTS@#The linearities of carbamazepine and its metabolites 10,11-dihydro-10,11-epoxycarbamazepine and 10,11-dihydro-10-hydroxycarbamazepine in blood samples were good within the corresponding range, with correlation coefficients (r) greater than 0.995 6. The limits of detection were 3.00, 0.40 and 1.30 ng/mL, respectively. The limit of quantitation were 8.00, 1.00 and 5.00 ng/mL, respectively. The extraction recoveries ranged from 76.00% to 106.44%. The relative standard deviations of the intra-day and inter-day precisions were less than 16%. Carbamazepine and its main metabolite 10,11-dihydro-10,11-epoxycarbamazepine were detected in blood samples of death cases with a mass concentration of 2.71 μg/mL and 252.14 ng/mL, respectively.@*CONCLUSIONS@#This method has high sensitivity and good selectivity, which is suitable for the detection of carbamazepine and its metabolites in blood samples, and can be used for carbamazepine-related forensic identifications.

Application progress of high-throughput sequencing in antiphospholipid syndrome / 中华预防医学杂志

Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is characterized by arterial and venous thrombosis and(or) morbid pregnancy, accompanied by persistent antiphospholipid antibody (aPL) positivity. However, due to the complex pathogenesis of APS and the large individual differences in the expression of aPL profiles of patients, the problem of APS diagnosis, prognosis judgment and risk assessment may not be solved only from antibody level. It is necessary to use new technologies and multiple dimensions to explore novel APS biomarkers. The application of next generation sequencing (NGS) technology in diseases with high incidence of somatic mutations, such as genetic diseases and tumors, has been very mature. Thus, gradually understanding the research and application progress of APS by NGS technology from genome, transcriptome, epigenome and other aspects is meaningful. This article reviews the related research of NGS technology in APS, and provide more reference for the deep understanding of the APS-related screening markers and disease pathogenesis.

Clinical characteristics and genetic analysis of two children with Familial glucocorticoid deficiency type 1 due to variants of MC2R gene / 中华医学遗传学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To improve the recognition of Familial glucocorticoid deficiency type 1 (FGD1) due to variants of melanocortin 2 receptor (MC2R) gene.@*METHODS@#Two children with FGD1 diagnosed at the Henan Children's Hospital respectively in 2019 and 2021 were selected as the study subjects. Clinical data, treatment, follow-up and results of genetic testing were collected and retrospectively analyzed.@*RESULTS@#Whole exome sequencing revealed that both children had harbored compound heterozygous variants of the MC2R gene, including c.433C>T (p.R145C) and c.710T>C (p.L237P) in child 1, and c.145delG (p.V49Cfs*35) and c.307G>A (p.D103N) in child 2, among which c.710T>C (p.L237P) and c.145delG (p.V49Cfs*35) were unreported previously.@*CONCLUSION@#FGD1 is clinically rare, and genetic sequencing is crucial for the definite diagnosis. Discovery of the and novel variants has enriched the mutational spectrum of the FGD1 gene.

Application of PET/CT in the treatment of epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer / 中华核医学与分子影像杂志

The morbidity and mortality of lung cancer rank first in the world. Epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR-TKI) can significantly prolong survival of patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). 18F-FDG PET/CT can evaluate EGFR mutation status and EGFR-TKI efficacy. This article reviews the role of 18F-FDG PET/CT in predicting EFGR mutation, the efficacy and survival prognosis evaluation of EGFR-TKI therapy, as well as the development of latest EGFR-TKI PET imaging agents.

Neonatal linear IgA bullous dermatosis / 中华皮肤科杂志

A 10-day-old male infant presented with skin erythema and blisters for 6 days. Skin examination showed scattered or confluent erythema all over the body, tense blisters of varying sizes on the normal skin or an erythematous base, and some blisters were ulcerated and erosive; bloody bullae and erythematous erosive patches could be seen on the oral mucosa. Histopathological examination revealed subepidermal blisters, and there were some neutrophils and a few eosinophils in the blisters. Direct immunofluorescence assay showed homogeneous linear IgA and granular C3 deposits along the basement membrane zone, without IgG deposits. The diagnosis of neonatal linear IgA bullous dermatosis was confirmed. After comprehensive treatments including nutritional support and anti-infection treatment, skin erythema and blisters subsided, and the mucosal damage was attenuated. The telephone follow-up 16 months after discharge showed that the infant was in good general condition with normal growth and development, and the oral mucosal lesions had subsided and healed, without new skin lesions.

Study on biological basis of primary dysmenorrhea based in different progressive stages based on untargeted metabolomics / 中国药理学通报

Aim To explore its potential biological basis and the endogenous metabolic characteristics of urine during the formation of primary dysmenorrhea via untargeted urine metabolomics. Methods Twenty SD rats were randomly divided into control group and model group. The primary dysmenorrhea model was reproduced by estradiol benzoate combined with oxytocin, and the contrrol group took food and water freely. The differential metabolites and core metabolic pathways were found by multivariable pattern recognition method combined with ultra-high performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. The receiver operating characteristic ( ROC ) curve was drawn by metaboanalyst 5.0 platform to evaluate the clinical diagnostic efficacy of core metabolites. Results A total of 46 metabolites with significant differences, such as hippuric acid, phenylacetaldehyde, prostaglandin G2, 6-hydroxy-5-methoxyindole glucuronide, were screened, mainly involving phenylalanine metabolism, pentose and glucuronate interconversions, and arachidonic acid metabolism. ROC curve showed that the area under the curve of four core biomarkers was greater than 0.7. Conclusions Different metabolic maps are presented in different progressive stages of primary dysmenorrhea, mainly involving the disorders of fatty acid metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism and amino acid metabolism. Meanwhile, the extracted characteristic bi¬omarkers have high diagnostic value for the evaluation of primary dysmenorrhea.

Safety of butylphthalide and edaravone in patients with ischemic stroke: a multicenter real-world study / 老年心脏病学杂志（英文版）

BACKGROUND@#Butylphthalide (NBP) and edaravone (EDV) injection are common acute ischemic stroke medications in China, but there is a lack of large real-world safety studies on them. This study aimed to determine the incidence of adverse events, detect relevant safety signals, and assess the risk factors associated with these medications in real-world populations.@*METHODS@#In this study, data of acute ischemic stroke patients were extracted from the electronic medical record database of six tertiary hospitals between January 2019 and August 2021. Baseline confounders were eliminated using propensity score matching. The drugs' safety was estimated by comparing the results of 24 laboratory tests standards on liver function, kidney function, lipid level, and coagulation function. The drugs' relative risk was estimated by logistic regression. A third group with patients who did not receive NBP or EDV was constructed as a reference. Prescription sequence symmetry analysis was used to evaluate the associations between adverse events and NBP and EDV, respectively.@*RESULTS@#81,292 patients were included in this study. After propensity score matching, the NBP, EDV, and third groups with 727 patients in each group. Among the 15 test items, the incidence of adverse events was lower in the NBP group than in the EDV group, and the differences were statistically significant. The multivariate logistic regression equation revealed that NBP injection was not a promoting factor for abnormal laboratory test results, whereas EDV had statistically significant effects on aspartate transaminase, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and total cholesterol. Prescription sequence symmetry analysis showed that NBP had a weak correlation with abnormal platelet count. EDV had a positive signal associated with abnormal results in gamma-glutamyl transferase, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, prothrombin time, and platelet count.@*CONCLUSIONS@#In a large real-world population, NBP has a lower incidence of adverse events and a better safety profile than EDV or other usual medications.

Computational Medicine: Past, Present and Future / 中国结合医学杂志

Computational medicine is an emerging discipline that uses computer models and complex software to simulate the development and treatment of diseases. Advances in computer hardware and software technology, especially the development of algorithms and graphics processing units (GPUs), have led to the broader application of computers in the medical field. Computer vision based on mathematical biological modelling will revolutionize clinical research and diagnosis, and promote the innovative development of Chinese medicine, some biological models have begun to play a practical role in various types of research. This paper introduces the concepts and characteristics of computational medicine and then reviews the developmental history of the field, including Digital Human in Chinese medicine. Additionally, this study introduces research progress in computational medicine around the world, lists some specific clinical applications of computational medicine, discusses the key problems and limitations of the research and the development and application of computational medicine, and ultimately looks forward to the developmental prospects, especially in the field of computational Chinese medicine.