Disfunções respiratórias felinas: caracterizando e diferenciando a asma e bronquite felinas / Feline respiratory dysfunctions: characterizing and differentiating feline asthma and bronchitis / Disfunciones respiratorias felinas: caracterización y diferenciación del asma y bronquitis felinas

As doenças respiratórias são consideradas doenças graves e potencialmente deletérias. Dentre elas, a asma e a bronquite crônica caracterizam-se como disfunções respiratórias que ameaçam constantemente o bem-estar dos gatos. Os pacientes apresentam mudanças na estrutura respiratória, reversíveis ou não, devido ao extenso quadro inflamatório, que obstrui o fluxo de ar, permite o acúmulo de muco e reduz o lúmen das vias aéreas. Os gatos acometidos apresentam tosses, respiração ruidosa, dispneia, e, em muitos casos, assumem posição ortopneica. O diagnóstico pode ser obtido através de exames de rotina, uso de radiografias torácicas, coleta e análise de fluidos broncoalveolares, e testes alergênicos. O manejo terapêutico baseia-se, combinado ou não, no uso de drogas como broncodilatadores, antiinflamatórios esteroidais, mucolíticos, antibióticos, agentes inalatórios e mudanças ambientais com objetivo de redução da exposição aos possíveis agentes alergênicos responsáveis pela incitação do quadro respiratório.

Respiratory diseases are considered serious and potentially harmful diseases. Among them, asthma and chronic bronchitis are characterized as respiratory disorders that constantly threaten the well-being of cats. The patients present changes in the respiratory structure, reversible or not, due to the extensive inflammatory condition, which obstructs the air flow, allows the accumulation of mucus and reduces the lumen of the airways. Affected cats have coughs, wheezing, dyspnoea, and in many cases assume an orthopneic position. The diagnosis can be obtained through routine exams, use of chest x-rays, collection and analysis of bronchoalveolar fluids, and allergen testing. Therapeutic management is based, combined or not, on the use of drugs such as bronchodilators, steroidal anti-inflammatory, mucolytics, antibiotics, inhalational agents and environmental changes in order to reduce exposure to possible allergenic agents responsible for the incitation of the respiratory condition.

Las enfermedades respiratorias son consideradas enfermedades graves y potencialmente dañinas. Entre ellos, el asma y la bronquitis crónica se caracterizan por ser trastornos respiratorios que amenazan constantemente el bienestar de los gatos. Los pacientes presentan cambios en la estructura respiratoria, reversibles o no debido al cuadro inflamatorio extenso, que obstruye el flujo de aire, permite la acumulación de moco y reduce la luz de las vías respiratorias. Los gatos afectados presentan tos, respiración ruidosa, disnea y, en muchos casos, adoptan una posición ortopneica. El diagnóstico se puede obtener mediante exámenes de rutina, uso de radiografías de tórax, recolección y análisis de líquidos broncoalveolares, y pruebas de alérgenos. El manejo terapéutico se basa, combinado o no, en el uso de fármacos como broncodilatadores, antiinflamatorios esteroides, mucolíticos, antibióticos, agentes inhalatorios y cambios ambientales con el objetivo de reducir la exposición a posibles agentes alergénicos responsables de incitar la afección respiratoria.

Assessing non-dysfunctional attitudes toward sleep: psychometric properties of the Charlotte Attitudes Toward Sleep scale in Portuguese samples

Abstract Objectives To adapt the Charlotte Attitudes Toward Sleep (CATS) scale, the only self-assessment instrument measuring non-dysfunctional attitudes toward sleep, into Portuguese and to study its psychometric properties in a Portuguese sample. Method A sample of 1858 participants, recruited through non-probabilistic methods, was randomly split in two subsamples; one was used to develop the CATS model, the other for testing model invariance. We used structural equation models to assess factorial validity, measurement invariance, and relationships with other variables (e.g., the Karolinska Sleep Questionnaire) through confirmatory factorial analysis and causal models using a robust maximum likelihood method with Satorra-Bentler correction. Results The CATS factorial model showed excellent evidence of factorial validity (robust CFI = 0.987, TLI = 0.979, SRMR = 0.026, RMSEA = 0.043), good reliability indicators (α and ώ1 > 0.75), and strict invariance of measurement (-ΔCFI- < 0.01). CATS factors were weak-to-moderate predictors of sleep behaviors (β < 0.4). The scale showed evidence of divergent validity with the Karolinska Sleep Questionnaire. Some items had significant sensitivity problems and/or did not have adequate factorial weights and had to be dropped from the model. Conclusions The CATS is a new and promising scale with solid evidence of validity in terms of internal structure, but with sensitivity issues at item level. Further work should be carried out at item level to increase sensitivity and predictive validity, and further research with other samples, such as clinical sleep medicine patients, should be conducted.

influência de aspectos socioeconômicos sobre os indicadores de guarda responsável em cães e gatos em Santana de Parnaíba - SP / influence of socio-economic aspects on responsible keeping indicators in dogs and cats in Santana de Parnaíba ­ SP / Influencia de los aspectos socioeconómicos en los indicadores de mantenimiento responsable en perros y gatos en Santana de Parnaíba

O conhecimento de tutores acerca dos cuidados básicos veterinários como requisito para a guarda responsável de animais de companhia tem sido pouco explorado. Os perfis sócios demográficos estão relacionados ao grau de desenvolvimento de uma população, sendo fator preponderante na maneira como são criados os animais de companhia. O presente trabalho analisou a influência do perfil demográfico e de fatores socioeconômicos de tutores do município de Santana de Parnaíba na guarda responsável de cães e gatos. Foram incluídos 300 tutores (205 de cães e 95 de gatos), que levaram seus animais para mutirões de castração em Santana de Parnaíba entre dezembro de 2018 e janeiro de 2019. O instrumento utilizado foi composto de 38 questões sobre aspectos sócio demográficas, nutricionais, sanitários, comportamentais e de conforto. O escore de guarda responsável permitiu pontuação máxima de 15 pontos, sendo que os tutores de cães apresentam escore de guarda responsável 10% maior que tutores de gatos. A menor renda familiar e do tipo de pet de estimação influenciaram no escore. O presente trabalho mostrou que 79% dos cidadãos de Santana de Parnaíba apresentam escore de guarda responsável entre 10 e 14 pontos, com ótima informação e aplicação dos princípios que promovem a qualidade de vida.(AU)

Owners' knowledge of basic veterinary care as a requirement for the responsible ownership of companion animals has been little explored. Sociodemographic profiles are related to the level of development of a population, being a preponderant factor in the way companion animals are raised. The present work analyzed the influence of the demographic profile and socioeconomic factors of owners in the municipality of Santana de Parnaíba on the responsible ownership of dogs and cats. 300 owners were included (205 of dogs and 95 of cats), who took their animals to castration campaigns in Santana de Parnaíba between December 2018 and January 2019. The instrument used was composed of 38 questions on sociodemographic, nutritional, health aspects, behavioral and comfort. The responsible guardianship score allowed a maximum score of 15 points, with dog owners having a responsible guardianship score 10% higher than cat owners. Lower family income and type of pet influenced the score. The present work showed that 79% of the citizens of Santana de Parnaíba have a responsible custody score between 10 and 14 points, with excellent information and application of principles that promote quality of life.(AU)

Se ha explorado poco el conocimiento de los propietarios sobre los cuidados veterinarios básicos como requisito para la tenencia responsable de animales de compañía. Los perfiles sociodemográficos están relacionados con el nivel de desarrollo de una población, siendo un factor preponderante en la forma en que se crían los animales de compañía. El presente trabajo analizó la influencia del perfil demográfico y de los factores socioeconómicos de los propietarios del municipio de Santana de Parnaíba en la tenencia responsable de perros y gatos. Se incluyeron 300 propietarios (205 de perros y 95 de gatos), que llevaron a sus animales a campañas de castración en Santana de Parnaíba entre diciembre de 2018 y enero de 2019. El instrumento utilizado estuvo compuesto por 38 preguntas sobre aspectos sociodemográficos, nutricionales y de salud. comportamiento y comodidad. La puntuación de tutela responsable permitió una puntuación máxima de 15 puntos, y los dueños de perros obtuvieron una puntuación de tutela responsable un 10% más alta que los dueños de gatos. El menor ingreso familiar y el tipo de mascota influyeron en el puntaje. El presente trabajo mostró que el 79% de los ciudadanos de Santana de Parnaíba tienen un puntaje de custodia responsable entre 10 y 14 puntos, con excelente información y aplicación de principios que promueven la calidad de vida.(AU)

Primer aislamiento de Sporothrix brasiliensis en un caso humano de esporotricosis en Chile. Un hongo emergente y preocupante / First isolation of Sporothrix brasiliensis in a human case of sporotrichosis in Chile. An emerging and worrisome fungus

Se describe el aislamiento de Sporothrix brasiliensis desde una biopsia de piel de un caso humano de esporotricosis linfocutánea, en la región de Valparaíso, Chile. Esta especie es la más virulenta del género y es de transmisión zoonótica, desde los gatos a los humanos. Hasta ahora, solo se había publicado un brote por esta especie en gatos domésticos y asilvestrados en el extremo sur de Chile, por lo que este aislamiento, en una mujer residente de un sector densamente poblado de la Región de Valparaíso, constituye una preocupación por su eventual diseminación hacia otros gatos y la población general.

The isolation of Sporothrix brasiliensis from a skin biopsy of a human case of lymphocutaneous sporotrichosis in the region of Valparaíso, Chile is described. This species is the most virulent of the genus and is zoonotic in transmission from cats to humans. Until now, only one outbreak of this species has been published in domestic and feral cats in the extreme south of Chile, so this isolation in a woman residing in a densely populated sector of the fifth region is a concern for its eventual spread to other cats and the general population.

Gestión poblacional canina y felina en el marco One Welfare: Una mirada retrospectiva Bogotá 2004 a 2021

RESUMEN Objetivo. Analizar la gestión poblacional de perros y gatos en Bogotá entre 2004 y 2021 en el marco "One Welfare". Materiales y Métodos. Estudio descriptivo retrospectivo que incluye análisis de intervenciones públicas y privadas relacionada con esterilizaciones, adopciones y sacrifício de animales de compañía, discriminando por localidad, especie, sexo y actor (público o privado), la información disponible se organizó empleando Excel®, con análisis descriptivo y resultados expresados en frecuencias, proporciones y tasas. Resultados. Entre 2004 y 2021 se esterilizaron 750.949 gatos y perros por el sector público y 217.276 privado, se adoptaron 22.126 a través del programa de adopción distrital y se sacrificaron 101.165 de los cuales el 8.8%% fueron gatos; hasta después del año 2005 los gatos se incluyeron en las estimaciones poblacionales y después de 2014 se captó información de veterinarios particulares (esterilización) quienes aportaron el 29% del total de intervenciones. Conclusiones. El crecimiento poblacional de animales demanda atención sanitaria, policiva y ambiental, debiendo mantenerse su gestión ética, aunque complementado con acciones sobre diversas fuentes donde se originan los animales; el enfoque One Welfare es derrotero, reconoce interconexiones entre bienestar animal, humano y ambiente y facilita la colaboración interdisciplinaria para mejorar su bienestar, además complementa y dialoga con One Health. Este estudio aporta al presentar de forma organizada y comparada estadísticas de gestión disponibles, siendo insumo para tomadores de decisión y comunidad interesada.

ABSTRACT Objective. To analyze the population management of dogs and cats in Bogota between 2004 and 2021 within the "One Welfare" framework. Materials and Methods. This is a retrospective, descriptive study that includes an analysis of public and private interventions related to the sterilization, adoption, and slaughter of companion animals, discriminating by location, species, sex, and sector (public or private). The available information was organized using Excel®, with a descriptive analysis and results expressed in frequencies, proportions, and rates. Results. Between 2004 and 2021, 750.949 cats and dogs were sterilized in the public sector and 217.276 in the private sector; 22.126 were adopted through the district adoption program, 101.165 animals were slaughtered, of which 8.8% were cats; after the year 2005 cats were included in the population estimates and after 2014 information was collected from private veterinarians (sterilization) who contributed with the 29% of the total number of interventions. Conclusions. The population growth of animals demands health, policies, and environmental attention, and its ethical management must be kept, although it should be complemented with actions from various sources where these animals live. The One Welfare approach is a method that recognizes the interconnections between animal, human, and environmental welfare and facilitates interdisciplinary collaboration to improve their welfare, as well as complements and communicates with One Health. This paper contributes, therefore, by presenting in an organized and compared way the available management statistics, for the decision-makers and the interested community.

Carcinoma de células escamosas (cce) em cão na região prepucial: relato de caso / Squamous cell carcinoma (scc) in dog in the preputial region: case report / Carcinoma de células escamosas (cce) en perro de la región prepucial: reporte de un caso

A expectativa de vida dos animais de companhia vem aumentando devido as mudanças comportamentais e de cuidados dos tutores. Em analogia, com as idades cada vez mais avançadas, é comum o desenvolvimento de doenças associadas, sendo o tumor o mais comum entre elas. Todavia, as neoplasias mais comuns na clínica de pequenos animais estão associadas ao sistema tegumentar. O carcinoma de células escamosas (CCE), ou carcinoma espinocelular, é uma neoplasia de epitélio, maligno, de crescimento lento e de baixo potencial metastático. Sua etiologia ainda não é precisamente conhecida e a causa exógena mais comum e descrita pela literatura é a exposição à luz ultravioleta, gerando consequentes lesões nas estruturas genéticas e imunogênicas na pele. Além disso, essas lesões apresentam-se de forma mais comum em animais de pelagem clara, com grande exposição solar e em área anatômicas hipopigmentadas. O prognóstico varia de acordo com a localização e o estágio clínico, sendo favorável o diagnóstico realizado precocemente, e o tratamento consiste na avaliação clínica seguida do protocolo adequado O presente relato de caso tem como objetivo principal reunir e discutir informações associadas sobre o carcinoma de células escamosas em caninos e felinos, abordando aspectos clínicos e patológicos, a fim de facilitar o raciocínio sobre o CCE, desde sua abordagem inicial, até seu diagnóstico final e estadiamento.(AU)

The life expectancy of companion animals has been increasing due to behavioral and care changes of the guardians. In analogy, with the increasingly advanced ages, the development of associated diseases is common, the tumor being the most common among them. However, the most common neoplasms in the small animal clinic are associated with the integumentary system. Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), or squamous cell carcinoma, is a malignant, slow-growing, low-potential metastatic epithelial neoplasm. Its etiology is not yet precisely known and the most common exogenous cause described by the literature is exposure to ultraviolet light, generating consequent lesions on the genetic and immunogenic structures in the skin. In addition, these lesions are more common in light-haired animals, with high exposure to the sun, and in hypopigmented anatomical areas. The prognosis varies according to the location and clinical stage, being favorable to the early diagnosis, and the treatment consists in the clinical evaluation followed by the appropriate protocol. The present case report has as its main objective to gather and discuss associated information about squamous cell carcinoma in canines and cats, addressing clinical and pathological aspects, in order to facilitate the reasoning about the CCE, from its initial approach, to its final diagnosis and staging.(AU)

La esperanza de vida de los animales de compañía ha ido en aumento debido a los cambios de comportamiento y cuidado de los guardianes. Por analogía, con las edades cada vez más avanzadas, el desarrollo de enfermedades asociadas es común, siendo el tumor el más común entre ellos. Sin embargo, las neoplasias más comunes en la clínica de animales pequeños se asocian con el sistema tegumentario. El carcinoma epidermoide (CCE), o carcinoma epidermoide, es una neoplasia epitelial metastásica maligna de crecimiento lento y bajo potencial. Su etiología aún no se conoce con precisión y la causa exógena más común descrita por la literatura es la exposición a la luz ultravioleta, generando lesiones consecuentes en las estructuras genéticas e inmunogénicas de la piel. Además, estas lesiones son más comunes en animales de pelo claro, con alta exposición al sol, y en áreas anatómicas hipopigmentadas. El pronóstico varía según la localización y el estadio clínico, siendo favorable al diagnóstico precoz, y el tratamiento consiste en la evaluación clínica seguida del protocolo adecuado. El presente reporte de caso tiene como objetivo principal reunir y discutir información asociada sobre el carcinoma epidermoide en caninos y gatos, abordando aspectos clínicos y patológicos, con el fin de facilitar el razonamiento sobre el CCE, desde su abordaje inicial, hasta su diagnóstico final y estadificación.(AU)

A Preliminary Study on the Domestication and Breeding Methods of Experimental Cats / 实验动物与比较医学

ObjectiveFocused on the laboratory animal domestication and breeding of domestic cats, to explore the feeding management methods and breeding techniques of experimental cats. MethodsSeven Chinese garden cats from three litters were introduced from the rural suburbs of Guangzhou, and a breeding seed colony was established. The cats were domesticated in captivity, bred, closed breeding and transmission according to the feeding and management methods of laboratory animal. The population reproduction, the number of pregnancies per year, the litter season, the birth and weaning quality of the cats, and the survival rate of weaning were statistically collected. ResultsThe young breeding cats were able to adapt to the cage feeding management. In the transmission breeding and the expanded breeding colony, the number of female cats pregnant with one, two or three litters a year accounted for 63.2%, 26.3% and 10.5%, respectively. The proportions of litters born from the 1st to the 4th quarters were 20.7%, 20.7%, 27.6%, and 31.0%. A total of 29 pregnancies and 101 kittens were got from 19 female cats, with an average of (3.5±1.33) kittens per litter. The birth weights of female and male cats were (89.31±13.69) g and (93.47±15.12) g, respectively. Sixty-seven kittens survived from weaning. The average survival rate was 60.86%, and the weaning weights of female and male cats were (361.62±82.77) g and (376.0±91.71) g, respectively. ConclusionDomestic Chinese garden cats can adapt to laboratory animal feeding and breeding rules, and have strong fertility. They can normally pregnant and breeding throughout the year. The kittens grow to 5-6 months of age can meet the weight requirements for the examination of pharmaceutical hypotensive substances, and can be used as experimental cats for pharmaceutical examination with clear origin.

Bilateral Thumb Lymphocutaneous Sporotrichosis

@#Sporotrichosis is a fungal infection caused by Sporothrix, a thermally dimorphic fungus that affects humans and animals. It is most commonly associated with cutaneous and subcutaneous tissue exposed to fungus-containing soil, moss, or organic material. Sporotrichosis is challenging to diagnose because it can mimic various other dermatological diseases. Thus, as demonstrated in this case, the importance of making a diagnosis based on history and a thorough physical examination, as misdiagnosis can delay proper treatment. A 53-year-old Malay woman presented with bilateral thumb swelling that had been treated with two courses of antibiotics but had failed, resulting in disease progression. Clinical suspicion of lymphocutaneous sporotrichosis was made based on history, physical examination, and investigations finding. The patient was started on an empirical course of Itraconazole 200mg twice daily, and the lesions responded well.

Toxoplasma gondii exposure in felines: an alarming factor to public health from mineiros, Goiás / Exposição ao toxoplasma gondii em felinos: um fator alarmante para a saúde pública de Mineiros, Goiás / Exposición a toxoplasma gondii en felinos: un factor alarmante para la salud pública de Mineiros, Goiás

Toxoplasmosis is a cosmopolitan disease caused by Toxoplasma gondii, an obligate protozoan that affects endothermic animals, including man. Being a zoonosis that can cause abortions, fetal malformations and blindness. Cats are the definitive hosts, acting as a source of dissemination. In order to collect epidemiological data on the distribution of T. gondii in Mineiros, Goiás, samples of domestic cats were analyzed to verify the circulation of the protozoan and reinforce preventive measures. Ninety-four samples of domestic cats, regardless of gender, age and breed, were randomly processed in the neighborhoods of Mineiros, Goiás. They were submitted to the indirect fluorescent antibody test for antibodies against T. gondii, using tachyzoites as antigens and anti-cat IgG conjugate (1:16 were positive). Of the 94 samples analyzed, 35 (37.2%) were reagents, of which four had a titration of 1:16, ten of 1:32, eleven of 1:64, eight of 1:128 and two of 1:256. All cats were semi-domiciled, but lifestyle and diet were not assessed. T. gondii infection is rarely symptomatic and the severity depends on the pathophysiological state. Brazil has high prevalence rates and requires effective care in the management of cats. In Mineiros, 29 reports of infected pregnant women were identified. Although infection in humans occurs primarily through consumption of undercooked meat, ingestion of oocysts in feces of cats is a possibility. Therefore, state public health institutions and veterinarians should promote health education, highlighting food hygiene. Since, when symptomatic, the disease presents severe clinical conditions and, in some cases, irreversible.

A toxoplasmose é uma doença cosmopolita causada pelo Toxoplasma gondii, um protozoário obrigatório que afeta animais endotérmicos, incluindo o homem. Sendo uma zoonose que pode causar abortos, malformações fetais e cegueira. Os gatos são os hospedeiros definitivos, atuando como fonte de disseminação. Para coletar dados epidemiológicos sobre a distribuição do T. gondii em Mineiros, Goiás, amostras de gatos domésticos foram analisadas para verificar a circulação do protozoário e reforçar as medidas preventivas. Noventa e quatro amostras de gatos domésticos, independente de sexo, idade e raça, foram processadas aleatoriamente nos bairros de Mineiros, Goiás. Foram submetidos ao teste de anticorpo fluorescente indireto para pesquisa de anticorpos contra T. gondii, utilizando como antígenos taquizoítos e conjugado anti-cat IgG (1:16 foram positivos). Das 94 amostras analisadas, 35 (37,2%) eram reagentes, das quais quatro tiveram titulação de 1:16, dez de 1:32, onze de 1:64, oito de 1:128 e duas de 1:256. Todos os gatos eram semi-domiciliados, mas o estilo de vida e a dieta não foram avaliados. A infecção por T. gondii raramente é sintomática e a gravidade depende do estado fisiopatológico. O Brasil possui altas taxas de prevalência e requer cuidados efetivos no manejo dos gatos. Em Mineiros, foram identificadas 29 notificações de gestantes infectadas. Embora a infecção em humanos ocorra principalmente pelo consumo de carne mal cozida, a ingestão de oocistos nas fezes de gatos é uma possibilidade. Portanto, as instituições estaduais de saúde pública e os médicos veterinários devem promover a educação em saúde, destacando a higiene alimentar. Já que, quando sintomática, a doença apresenta quadros clínicos graves e, em alguns casos, irreversíveis.

La toxoplasmosis es una enfermedad cosmopolita causada por Toxoplasma gondii, un protozoario obligado que afecta a animales endotérmicos, incluido el hombre. Ser una zoonosis que puede provocar abortos, malformaciones fetales y ceguera. Los gatos son los huéspedes definitivos, actuando como fuente de diseminación. Con el fin de recolectar datos epidemiológicos sobre la distribución de T. gondii en Mineiros, Goiás, se analizaron muestras de gatos domésticos para verificar la circulación del protozoario y reforzar las medidas preventivas. Noventa y cuatro muestras de gatos domésticos, independientemente de género, edad y raza, fueron procesadas al azar en los barrios de Mineiros, Goiás. Se sometieron a la prueba de anticuerpos fluorescentes indirectos contra T. gondii, utilizando como antígenos taquizoítos e IgG anti-cat conjugada (1:16 fueron positivos). De las 94 muestras analizadas, 35 (37,2%) fueron reactivos, de los cuales cuatro tuvieron una titulación de 1:16, diez de 1:32, once de 1:64, ocho de 1:128 y dos de 1:256. Todos los gatos tenían domicilio parcial, pero no se evaluó el estilo de vida ni la dieta. La infección por T. gondii rara vez es sintomática y la gravedad depende del estado fisiopatológico. Brasil tiene altas tasas de prevalencia y requiere una atención eficaz en el manejo de los gatos. En Mineiros se identificaron 29 casos de mujeres embarazadas infectadas. Aunque la infección en los seres humanos se produce principalmente a través del consumo de carne poco cocida, la ingestión de ovoquistes en las heces de los gatos es una posibilidad. Por lo tanto, las instituciones estatales de salud pública y los veterinarios deben promover la educación sanitaria, destacando la higiene alimentaria. Dado que, cuando sintomática, la enfermedad presenta cuadros clínicos severos y, en algunos casos, irreversibles.

Uncária Tomentosa (Wild.) D.C. em processos inflamatórios na doença de Alzheimer / Uncária Tomentosa (Wild.) D.C. en procesos inflamatorios en la enfermedad de Alzheimer / Uncária Tomentosa (Wild.) D.C. in inflammatory processes in Alzheimer's disease

Objetivo: explorar os mecanismos envolvidos no desencadeamento e progressão da Doença de Alzheimer (DA) de forma a embasar a sugestão da planta Uncaria Tomentosa (Wild.) como mais uma possiblidade terapêutica coadjuvante para prevenção e tratamento da DA. Método: Trata-se de uma revisão narrativa da literatura realizada com busca de artigos publicados em bases indexadas e diretamente nas revistas de interesse, utilizando-se como descritores "Uncária Tomentosa", "Doença de Alzheimer", e os respectivos termos em inglês. Resultados: com os avanços para a compreensão dos mecanismos moleculares que desencadeiam os efeitos apresentados no desenvolvimento da DA, os diversos mecanismos dos fitocompostos presentes na planta sugerem sua utilização como neuroprotetor, por mecanismos anti-inflamatórios, imunomoduladores e antioxidantes, cujas evidências em literatura são apresentadas para defesa de sua utilização nesta patologia. Conclusão: foram encontradas evidências para sugerir a inclusão da Uncaria tomentosa (Wild.) como possível terapêutica complementar no tratamento da DA. Sua utilização deve ser melhor explorada para aplicação como tratamento complementar as terapêuticas convencionais para a DA

Objective: to explore the mechanisms involved in the triggering and progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD) in order to support the suggestion of the Uncaria Tomentosa (Wild.) plant as another adjuvant therapeutic possibility for the prevention and treatment of AD. Method: This is a narrative review of the literature conducted with a search for articles published on indexed bases and directly in the journals of interest, using as descriptors "Uncária Tomentosa", "Alzheimer's disease", and the respective terms in English. Results: with advances to understand the molecular mechanisms that trigger the effects presented in the development of AD, the various mechanisms of phytocompounds present in the plant suggest its use as neuroprotector, by anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory and antioxidant mechanisms, whose evidence in the literature is presented to defend its use in this pathology. Conclusion: evidence was found to suggest the inclusion of Uncaria tomentosa (Wild.) as a possible complementary therapy in the treatment of AD. Its use should be better explored for application as a complementary treatment to conventional therapies for AD.

Objetivo: explorar los mecanismos implicados en el desencadenamiento y progresión de la enfermedad de Alzheimer (EA) con el fin de apoyar la sugerencia de la planta Uncaria Tomentosa (silvestre) como otra posibilidad terapéutica adyuvante para la prevención y tratamiento de la EA. Método: Se trata de una revisión narrativa de la literatura realizada con una búsqueda de artículos publicados en bases indexadas y directamente en las revistas de interés, utilizando como descriptores "Uncária Tomentosa", "Alzheimer's disease", y los términos respectivos en inglés. Resultados: con los avances para comprender los mecanismos moleculares que desencadenan los efectos presentados en el desarrollo de la EA, los diversos mecanismos de fitocompuestos presentes en la planta sugieren su uso como neuroprotector, por mecanismos antiinflamatorios, inmunomoduladores y antioxidantes, cuya evidencia en la literatura se presenta para defender su uso en esta patología. Conclusión: se encontró evidencia que sugiere la inclusión de Uncaria tomentosa (Silvestre) como una posible terapia complementaria en el tratamiento de la EA. Su uso debe explorarse mejor para su aplicación como tratamiento complementario a las terapias convencionales para la EA.

Estabilização de ombro em um gato ­ Relato de caso / Shoulder estabilization in a cat ­ Case report

A estabilidade da articulação do ombro é garantida por ligamentos, cápsula articular, tendões e músculos, contudo traumas podem causar falência dos mecanismos estabilizadores, com consequente luxação ou instabilidade articular. Objetivou-se relatar o caso de instabilidade medial e lateral de ombro direito em felino sem raça definida, atendido com queixa de claudicação aguda de membro torácico secundária a trauma por confronto com outro animal. Inicialmente foi realizado tratamento clínico por meio de imobilização articular. Contudo, devido ao insucesso da técnica, procedeu-se para o tratamento cirúrgico de estabilização articular com prótese ligamentar sintética. No pós-operatório imediato, evidenciou-se ausência de crepitações e instabilidade articular. Após oito dias da cirurgia, o paciente apresentou retorno total às funções de apoio do membro e sem sinais de dor ou redução de movimentos. Concluiu-se que, embora de reduzida ocorrência, a instabilidade de origem traumática do ombro configura-se como um diferencial para claudicação aguda de membro torácico e que o tratamento cirúrgico pode ser necessário, mostrando-se eficiente na resolução de tais casos com o acesso e técnica de estabilização propostos.

The stability of the shoulder joint is granted by ligaments, joint capsule, tendons and muscles. However, traumatic injuries can cause failure of the stabilization mechanisms, which leads to articular luxation or instability. The aim of the paper is to report a case of medial and lateral right shoulder joint instability in a mixed-breed cat, presenting acute forelimb lameness after a fight trauma with another cat. Initially, it was recommended a conservative treatment through articular immobilization. However, the technique was unsuccessful, and the surgery treatment was performed, to stabilize the joint with synthetic ligament prosthetic. In the postoperative period, no crepitation or instability were identified. After eight days of surgery, the patient returned totally to the normal function of the forelimb, without movement restriction or pain. It was concluded that, although rare, the traumatic shoulder joint instability is a differential diagnosis for acute forelimb lameness and the surgical treatment can be necessary, showing a good result in the resolution of these injuries with the surgical approach and stabilization method proposed.

Inquérito epidemiológico sobre Lagoquilascaríase em Felinos da Serra Gaúcha / Epidemiological survey on Lagoquilascariasis in felines of Serra Gaucha

O nematoide Lagochilascaris sp. pertencente à família Ascarididae é um parasito cujo o hospedeiro definitivo pode ser o gato. Considerada uma zoonose rara na medicina veterinária, a lagoquilascaríase é responsável por causar lesões luminais e possui um tropismo particular pela região cervical e cabeça. A infecção ocorre através da ingestão da carne de animais silvestres mal cozida pelo homem e através da caça pelos felinos. Este trabalho tem como objetivo realizar um levantamento dos casos de lagoquilascaríase ocorridos em gatos domésticos nas cidades de Bento Gonçalves, Farroupilha e Caxias do Sul, localizadas na região da Serra Gaúcha. Foi realizada uma pesquisa através de questionário encaminhado por e-mail, durante os meses de abril a julho de 2020, a 44 médicos veterinários dos municípios de Bento Gonçalves, Farroupilha e Caxias do Sul, sendo 13 (29,54%) veterinários de Bento Gonçalves, 10 (22,73%) de Farroupilha e 21 (47,73%) de Caxias do Sul. Destes profissionais, 17 (38,63%) já atenderam casos de animais parasitados por este nematódeo; 9 (20,45%) em Bento Gonçalves; 3 (6,81%) em Farroupilha e 5 (11,36%) em Caxias do Sul. No total foram atendidos 36 casos de lagoquilascaríase no período de 2016 a 2020, sendo que a maior ocorrência foi na cidade de Bento Gonçalves, com 25 casos, seguida por Caxias do Sul com 6 casos e Farroupilha com apenas 5 casos relatados. Apesar da literatura considerar a lagoquilascaríase uma doença rara, este levantamento mostra que há vários casos acontecendo na espécie felina na Serra Gaúcha.

The nematode Lagochilascaris sp. belonging to the family Ascarididae is a parasite whose definitive host may be the cat. Considered a rare zoonosis in veterinary medicine, lagochilascariasis is responsible for causing luminal lesions and has a particular tropism for the cervical region and head. Infection occurs through the ingestion of undercooked meat from wild animals by humans and through hunting by felines. This work aims to carry out a survey of cases of lagochilascariasis that occurred in domestic cats in the cities of Bento Gonçalves, Farroupilha and Caxias do Sul, located in the Serra Gaúcha region. A survey was carried out through a questionnaire sent by email, during the months of April to July 2020, to 44 veterinarians from the municipalities of Bento Gonçalves, Farroupilha and Caxias do Sul, of which 13 (29.54%) were veterinarians from Bento. Gonçalves, 10 (22.73%) from Farroupilha and 21 (47.73%) from Caxias do Sul. Of these professionals, 17 (38.63%) have already treated cases of animals parasitized by this nematode; 9 (20.45%) in Bento Gonçalves; 3 (6.81%) in Farroupilha and 5 (11.36%) in Caxias do Sul. In total, 36 cases of lagochilascariasis were treated in the period from 2016 to 2020, with the highest occurrence being in the city of Bento Gonçalves, with 25 cases, followed by Caxias do Sul with 6 cases and Farroupilha with only 5 reported cases. Although the literature considers lagochilascariasis a rare disease, this survey shows that there are several cases happening in feline species in Serra Gaúcha.

Indirect Hemagglutination Test in the Detection of Antibodies against Toxoplasma gondii in Venezuelan Felids / Prueba de hemaglutinación indirecta en la detección de anticuerpos contra Toxoplasma gondii en félidos venezolanos

Abstract Current knowledge of Toxoplasma gondii infection in Venezuelan ecosystems is limited. Mammals and birds are intermediate hosts, and felid species are definitive hosts. In most human-altered habitats, the domestic cat is the predominant definitive host. Cats are important in the epidemiology of T. gondii infection because they are the only hosts that can excrete environmentally resistant oocysts. Other carnivores can be infected consuming tissue cysts when feeding on infected animals and by incidental ingestion of oocysts from environmental contamination. This study aimed to quantify the values of antibodies for T. gondii in blood serum of some felids' species employing the technique of indirect hemagglutination. In the present study, seropositivity of T. gondii was determined in serum of 35 animals (22 stray cats and 13 wild cats) from Venezuela, South America. Antibodies to T. gondii were found in 21 of 22 (95.45 %) stray cats' titers of 1:64 in four, 1:128 in four, 1:256 in one, 1:512 in one, 1:1024 in three, and 1:2048 or higher in eight. In four of six (66.67 %) ocelots' titers of 1:64 in one, 1:256 in one, 1:1024 in one, and one with titers 1:2048. In three of four (75.00 %) jaguars' titers of 1:512 in one, and two with titers 1:2048. The Kruskal-Wallis test showed a statistically significant difference between species (H = 8.413, p = 0 .015).

Resumen El conocimiento actual de la infección por Toxoplasma gondii en los ecosistemas venezolanos es limitado. Los mamíferos y las aves son hospedadores intermedios y los félidos son hospedadores definitivos. En la mayoría de los hábitats alterados por el hombre, el gato doméstico es el hospedador definitivo predominante. Los gatos son importantes en la epidemiología de la infección por T. gondii porque son los únicos hospedadores que pueden excretar los ooquistes resistentes al medio ambiente. Otros carnívoros pueden infectarse por el consumo de quistes tisulares al alimentarse de animales infectados y por la ingestión incidental de ooquistes procedentes de la contaminación ambiental. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo cuantificar los valores de anticuerpos para T. gondii en el suero sanguíneo de algunas especies de félidos mediante la técnica de hemoaglutinación indirecta. En el presente estudio se determinó la seropositividad de T. gondii en el suero de 35 animales (22 gatos callejeros y 13 felinos silvestres) de Venezuela, Sudamérica. Los anticuerpos contra T. gondii se encontraron en 21 de 22 (95,45 %) gatos callejeros con títulos de 1:64 en cuatro, 1:128 en cuatro, 1:256 en uno, 1:512 en uno, 1:1024 en tres y 1:2048 o más en ocho. En cuatro de seis (66,67 %) ocelotes con títulos de 1:64 en uno, 1:256 en uno, 1:1024 en uno, y uno con títulos 1:2048. En 3 de 4 (75,00 %) jaguares con títulos de 1:512 en uno, y dos con títulos 1:2048. La prueba de Kruskal-Wallis mostró una diferencia estadísticamente significativa entre las especies (H = 8,413, p = 0,015).

Cantharis dissolves calculus in the ureter of a kitten: case repor

Urolithiasis is a disease thatcan occur alone or together, obstruct the urinary flow, and even progress to the animal's death. Objective:The present study is to report the dissolution of calculus in the ureter in a kitten. Methodology: a feline, SRD, male, started at 3 months old with the signs of vomiting, constipation,and hematuria, presenting leukocytosis and increased serum urea. Two abdominal ultrasounds were performed 30 days apart and the third at 3 months. Results:Inthe first ultrasound there was hydronephrosis in the right kidney and dilation of the ureter and microlithiasis in the urinary bladder. The animalhad already been treated with antibiotic therapy and did not improve. Given these characteristics, Cantharis Vesicatoria30cH was administered, there was no more hematuria and when the drug was discontinued, the symptom returned. After 30 days of startinghomeopathic treatment, we repeated the ultrasound which showed 2 kidney stones, and a urinary bladder with cystitis associated with sandy lithiasis. BerberisVulgaris30cH was then administered for 15 days, after which both drugs were discontinued and theanimal remained asymptomatic. After 3 months the ultrasound was repeated which showed 2 kidney stones, Causticum6cH was inserted for 14 days to dissolvekidney stones, thus preventing the return of the initial symptoms. Conclusion:the treatment was beneficial for the patient, who was asymptomatic after the use of Causticum.Considering the natural history of the disease in cats and the high chance of recurrence of the disease, the recommendation was to monitor the organs through an annual ultrasound examination, in addition to encouraging water intake.

Feline Injection-Site Sarcoma Complete Remission After Treatment with Isopathic medicine: a case repor

Feline injection-site sarcomas (FISS) were described for the first time in 1991. They are neoplasms of mesenchymal origin that appear in body regions routinely used for the application of vaccines or other injections [1]. Those are very aggressive tumours that relapse and have a high rate of mortality. The tumour can appear between 3 months and 3 years after the injection, but in some cases, it can happen after 15 years of the vaccineor otherinjections. Isopathy is one approach of homeopathy, in which the biological agent thatcausesa disease are prepared in high dilution to treat the same disease. This case report is about a 13-year-old mix breed spay cat. In September 2019 it received the vaccine Rabsin® (Boehringer Ingelheim) and 4 months later the owner noticed a lump at the injection area. One year later (September 2020) the lump start growing rapidly and on January 12th, 2021,started the appointments.The other veterinarians recommend euthanasia since the tumour was very bigand the catwasnot mild, was losing weightand appetite. The owner wanted to try another treatment before euthanasia since the cat was still active, interacting with the other cat and the people at the house.The lump was located on her back, in the end of the right ribcage, and it was around 7cm of diameter. It wasfirmandattachedto the muscles. AnIsopathy medicine with the same vaccinewas prepared, being the isotherapic 12CH administered 5 drops BID.Beside the isopathyvitaminsof Bcomplex and Omega 3were prescribed.The cat was seen every15 days andcontact telephonically was kept as well. The treatment started on January 19th, 2021. On January 21st, 2021,all the tumour was ulcerated and looser. On February 2nd,2021 the potencywas changedto 14CH, 5 drops, BID. On February 4ththe tumour felt away and was sent for histopathological study. On February 20th, 2021,the result described it as a Fibrosarcoma grade II. The ulcer that appeared after the tumour felt away became a big wound and the ownerstarted cleaning itwith propolis and lavender oleateeveryday anditwas controlledonce a week. OnMarch31st, 2021,the catwas eating well,strong, not mild,didnot allowedit to be cleaned. The woundseems to be more superficial,largerand it appears thata small lump was growing again.Isotherapic 15CH, 5 drops once a weekwas indicated.On April4th, 2021,the cat waseating well, good general conditionand the small lump that was growing wasshrinkingand the wound becoming more superficial. OnApril 9th,2021the cat seems painful, not eating well, constipated. Isopathy was suspended and started with Meloxican0,1mg/kg SID for 3 days.Was indicatedNatrum muriaticum30CH, 5 drops every hour, total 3 treatments and then once a day. On April 13th, 2021,the cat was better, defecate. But since April 9ththe cat could never be stable again. It has ups and downs and was treated withdifferent homeopathic remedies (Natrum muriaticum30Ch, Silicea200CHand Silicea1000CH, Staphisagria 200CH)until June 8th, 2021,when it was euthanised.No necropsy was done. The question was,what happenedwith the catsince itwas getting better?The following aphorisms could explain it:§156 "...The restoration, however, leads to the goal of the cure, if it is not preventedby strange medicinal influence, by errors in the lifestyle or by passions." And§10"With no vital powerthe material organism is not capable of any sensation, function or self-preservation..."[2].The informed consent formwas obtained from the owner of the cat.

Clostridioides difficile: achados epidemiológicos em animais domésticos em um Hospital Veterinário Universitário em ­ Teresina, PI / Clostridioides difficile: epidemiological findings in domestic animals in a University Veterinary Hospital in Teresina, PI

O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a prevalência de Clostridioides difficile e suas toxinas (A/B) nas fezes de animais domésticos de um Hospital Veterinário Universitário de Teresina - PI. A detecção de C. difficile e suas toxinas foi realizada por meio de um ensaio imunoenzimático, denominado C. Diff Quik Chek Complete® (TECHLAB), capaz de detectar antígeno Glutamato Desidrogenase (GDH) e as toxinas A/B produzidas pelo bacilo, realizado em amostras fecais de cães (C. lupus) e e gatos (Felis catus) coletadas entre agosto de 2019 a setembro de 2020. Um total de 54 amostras fecais foram analisadas, das quais 16 foram positivas para C. difficile (29,63%). 68,75% (11/16) pertenciam a caninos, enquanto 31,25% (5/16) a felinos. Amostras diarreicas e não diarreicas foram utilizadas para o estudo e uma maior prevalência do bacilo pôde ser identificada em amostras diarreicas (33%). Nenhuma das amostras apresentou toxinas do patógeno. Os achados deste estudo evidenciam que C.difficile está presente no estado do Piauí. Foi possível identificá-lo em todas as espécies e em amostras diarreicas ou não, demonstrando que essa infecção pode se manifestar de formasintomática e assintomática, levantando a possibilidade de infecção cruzada entre o animal e seu tutor.

The aim of this study was to analyze the prevalence of Clostridioides difficile and its toxins (A/B) in the feces of domestic animals at a University Veterinary Hospital in Teresina - PI. The detection of C. difficile and its toxins was performed by an immunogenic enzyme, called C. Diff Quik Chek Complete® (TECHLAB), capable of detecting antigen glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) and A/B toxins produced by this bacillus, performed in fecal samples of dogs (C. lupus) and cats (Felis catus) collected between August 2019 and September 2020.:54 stools were analyzed, of which 16 were positive for C. difficile (29.63%). 68.75% (11/16) belonged to canines, while 3.25% (5/16) to felines. Diarrheal and non-diarrheal diseases are used for the study and a higher prevalence of bacillus can be identified in diarrheal diseases (33%). None of the samples present pathogen toxins. The results of this study show that C. difficile is present in the state of Piauí. It can be identified in all species and in diarrheal or non-diarrheic samples, demonstrating that this infection can be symptomatic and asymptomatic, giving the possibility of cross-infection between the animal and its owner.

A novel wearable transcutaneous tibial nerve stimulator inhibits bladder reflexes in cats / 中国康复理论与实践

ObjectiveTo observe the inhibitory effects of a novel wearable transcutaneous tibial nerve stimulator on bladder reflex in cats under different stimulation parameters. MethodsA total of 18 cats were divided into intensities, frequencies and waveforms groups, which wore the stimulator on the ankles and stimulated in different threshold (T) intensities (1/2 T, 1 T, 3/2 T and 2 T), frequencies (5 Hz, 10 Hz, 15 Hz and 30 Hz) and waveforms (A and B). The cats were anesthetized and infused normal saline to induce bladder reflex, while the bladder capacity was measured. Cystometrograms were compared among stimulation parameters. ResultsThe bladder capacity was not significantly different among the intensities (F = 1.997, P = 0.126), while the bladder capacity was more after TNS of 3/2 T and 2 T than baseline (P < 0.05). The bladder capacity was significantly different among the frequencies (F = 3.894, P = 0.014), while the bladder capacity was more after 5 Hz, 10 Hz and 15 Hz of TNS (P < 0.05). The bladder capacity was significantly different between the waveforms (F = 5.184, P = 0.019), while the bladder capacity was more after waveform A of TNS than baseline (P < 0.05). ConclusionThe novel wearable transcutaneous tibial nerve stimulator can effectively inhibit the physiological bladder reflex in cats, which associates to the intensity, frequency and waveform of stimulation.

Persistent SARS-CoV-2 antigen presence in multiple organs of a naturally infected cat from Brazil

Background: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the etiological agent of the disease coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) in humans. SARS-CoV-2 has been identified in cats with or without clinical signs. Case presentation: We describe the pathological and molecular findings in a six-month-old asymptomatic cat with SARS-CoV-2 infection from Brazil, belonging to a human family with COVID-19 cases. The pool of nasopharynx and oropharynx swabs at day zero tested positive by RT-qPCR for SARS-CoV-2. No amplification resulted from molecular testing performed on days 7 and 14. The cat was hit by a car and died 43 days after the molecular diagnosis. Immunohistochemistry at post-mortem examination demonstrated nucleocapsid protein in samples from the lungs, kidneys, nasal conchae, trachea, intestine, brain and spleen. Conclusion: The present study has highlighted the possibility that viral antigens can be detected by immunohistochemistry in multiple organs six weeks after infection, although the same tissues tested negative by RT-PCR.(AU)

Persistent SARS-CoV-2 antigen presence in multiple organs of a naturally infected cat from Brazil

Abstract Background: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the etiological agent of the disease coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) in humans. SARS-CoV-2 has been identified in cats with or without clinical signs. Case presentation: We describe the pathological and molecular findings in a six-month-old asymptomatic cat with SARS-CoV-2 infection from Brazil, belonging to a human family with COVID-19 cases. The pool of nasopharynx and oropharynx swabs at day zero tested positive by RT-qPCR for SARS-CoV-2. No amplification resulted from molecular testing performed on days 7 and 14. The cat was hit by a car and died 43 days after the molecular diagnosis. Immunohistochemistry at post-mortem examination demonstrated nucleocapsid protein in samples from the lungs, kidneys, nasal conchae, trachea, intestine, brain and spleen. Conclusion: The present study has highlighted the possibility that viral antigens can be detected by immunohistochemistry in multiple organs six weeks after infection, although the same tissues tested negative by RT-PCR.

Refractory feline sporotrichosis: a comparative analysis on the clinical, histopathological, and cytopathological aspects / Esporotricose felina refratária: uma análise comparativa sobre os aspectos clínico, histopatológico e citopatológico

Sporotrichosis is a chronic fungal infection caused by Sporothrix species. The occurrence of cases that are resistant to long-term treatment, especially in the nasal planum of cats, emphasizes the importance of studying its pathogenesis. The purpose of this study was to analyze and compare the inflammatory process of cutaneous lesions of feline refractory sporotrichosis to clinical aspects through cytopathological and histopathological examination. Moreover, the study included 13 cats with cutaneous lesions that had been resistant to itraconazole treatment for more than a year. Cutaneous lesions samples were collected for cytopathological, histopathological, and fungal culture analyses. Tissue fragments were processed and stained with hematoxylin-eosin (HE) and Grocott methenamine silver (GMS). Further, two clinical presentations had the highest occurrence: the localized cutaneous form in animals with good general condition and stable disease (n=9, 69.2%) and the disseminated cutaneous form in cats with poor general condition (n=4, 30.8%). In cats with refractory sporotrichosis, the nasal planum (84.6%) was the most common location of lesions. In the cytopathological study, cats with fewer than two lesions and in good general condition (n=9, 69.2%) showed absence or mild yeast intensity (up to 5 yeasts per field), lower intensity of macrophages and neutrophils, and higher intensity of epithelioid cells, lymphocytes, plasma cells, and eosinophils. On the other hand, (n=4, 30.8%) of the cats with disseminated sporotrichosis and a poor general condition had a marked intensity of yeasts, which were mostly phagocytosed by an increased number of macrophages and neutrophils. Of those animals with good general condition, the majority (n=6, 66.7%) had higher eosinophil intensity. In histopathology, malformed suppurative granuloma was the predominant type (n=9, 69.2%) in feline sporotrichosis lesions, followed by well-formed granulomas (n=4, 30.8%). Malformed granulomas showed mild to moderate fungal intensity (55.6%) in animals with good general condition and localized lesions while marked fungal intensity (44.4%) in cats with the disseminated form of the disease and poor general condition. Well-formed granulomas (n=4, 30.7%) had mild to moderate intensity of fungal load, and 75% of the animals with this type of granuloma had only one lesion and were in good general condition. Long-term itraconazole treatment in these cats with refractory sporotrichosis can keep the infection under control and localized lesions stable; however, fungus reactivation can occur, resulting in an exuberant and inefficient immune response.(AU)

A esporotricose é uma infecção fúngica crônica causada por espécies do gênero Sporothrix. A ocorrência de casos refratários ao tratamento de longo prazo, especialmente na região nasal de gatos, alerta para a importância do estudo de sua patogênese. Este estudo teve como objetivo analisar o processo inflamatório das lesões cutâneas de esporotricose felina refratária ao tratamento, por meio de exames citopatológico e histopalógico, e comparar com aspectos clínicos. Treze gatos com lesões cutâneas refratárias ao tratamento com Itraconazol por mais de um ano foram incluídos no estudo. Amostras de lesões cutâneas foram coletadas para análises citopatológicas, histopatológicas e cultura fúngica. Fragmentos de tecidos foram processados e corados pela hematoxilina-eosina (HE) e Prata Metenamina de Grocott (GMS). Duas apresentações clínicas tiveram maior ocorrência: a forma localizada cutânea em animais com bom estado geral e doença estável (n=9, 69,2%); e a forma disseminada cutânea em gatos com estado geral ruim (n=4, 30,8%). A região nasal (84,6%) foi a localização mais frequente das lesões nos gatos com esporotricose refratária ao tratamento. No estudo citopatológico, felinos com menos de duas lesões, e em bom estado geral, (n=9, 69,2%) revelaram ausência ou leve intensidade de leveduras (até 5 leveduras por campo), menor intensidade de macrófagos e neutrófilos, e maior intensidade de células epitelióides, linfócitos, plasmócitos e eosinófilos. Enquanto, (n=4, 30,8%) dos felinos que apresentavam a forma disseminada da esporotricose associada a um estado geral ruim, revelaram acentuada intensidade de leveduras em sua maioria fagocitadas por acentuado número de macrófagos e neutrófilos. Dos animais com bom estado geral, a maioria (n=6, 66,7%) apresentava maior intensidade de eosinófilos. Na histopatologia, o granuloma supurativo mal formado foi o tipo predominante (n=9, 69,2%) nas lesões de esporotricose felina, e (n=4, 30,8%) foram de granulomas bem formados. Granulomas mal formados apresentaram leve a moderada intensidade fúngica (55,6%) nos animais com bom estado geral e lesões localizadas, e acentuada intensidade fúngica (44,4%) nos gatos com a forma disseminada da doença e estado geral ruim. Granulomas bem formados (n=4, 30,7%) apresentaram leve a moderada intensidade de carga fúngica, sendo 75% dos animais com esse tipo de granuloma com apenas uma lesão e bom estadogeral. O tratamento de longo prazo com itraconazol, nesses gatos com esporotricose refratária, pode manter a infecção controlada e lesões localizadas estáveis de forma temporária, contudo a reativação do fungo pode ocorrer levando a uma resposta imunológica exuberante e ineficiente.(AU)