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Objetivo: avaliar pontuação da National Early Warning Score (NEWS) em relação ao tipo de desfecho e perfil dos pacientes da enfermaria clínica médica de um hospital em Teresina, Piauí, Brasil. Método: estudo quantitativo realizado num hospital público, em Teresina, com 150 prontuários de pacientes internados no setor clínica médica de fevereiro de 2022 a dezembro de 2022, a partir de registros demográficos, clínicos e valores da escala na admissão e desfecho. Resultados: houve associação dos valores da escala com a faixa etária (p=0,029), tempo de internação (p=0,023) e tipo de desfecho (p < 0,001). Alto risco clínico prevaleceu entre pacientes do sexo masculino (13%), na faixa etária de 60 a 94 anos (13%), com permanência de 21 a 57 dias (19,2%) e óbito como desfecho (100%). Conclusão: implementação da referida escala evidenciou ser fundamental para prever agravos clínicos e melhorar qualidade da assistência.
Objective: to evaluate the National Early Warning Score (NEWS) in relation to the type of outcome and profile of patients in the medical clinical ward of a hospital in Teresina, Piauí, Brazil. Method: a quantitative study conducted in a public hospital in Teresina, with 150 medical records of patients admitted to the medical clinic sector from February 2022 to December 2022, based on demographic and clinical records and scale values at admission and outcome. Results: there was an association between the scale values and the age group (p=0.029), length of stay (p=0.023) and type of outcome (p < 0.001). High clinical risk prevailed among male patients (13%), aged between 60 and 94 years (13%), with a stay of 21 to 57 days (19.2%), and death as an outcome (100%). Conclusion: implementation of the aforementioned scale proved to be fundamental for predicting clinical problems and improving care quality.
Objetivo: evaluar el puntaje de la National Early Warning Score (NEWS) con respecto al tipo de desenlace y el perfil de los pacientes de la enfermería clínica médica de un hospital en Teresina, Piauí, Brasil. Método: estudio cuantitativo realizado en un hospital público en Teresina, con 150 historiales médicos de pacientes internados en el sector de clínica médica desde febrero de 2022 hasta diciembre de 2022, a partir de registros demográficos, clínicos y valores de la escala en la admisión y desenlace. Resultados: hubo asociación de los valores de la escala con la edad (p=0,029), tiempo de internación (p=0,023) y tipo de desenlace (p < 0,001). El alto riesgo clínico prevaleció entre los pacientes del sexo masculino (13%), en la franja de edad entre 60 y 94 años (13%), con una estancia de 21 a 57 días (19,2%) y fallecimiento como desenlace (100%). Conclusión: la implementación de dicha escala demostró ser fundamental para prever agravios clínicos y mejorar la calidad de la asistencia.
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Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease affecting both upper and lower motor neurons. ALS patients develop progressive muscle atrophy, muscle weak and paralysis, finally died of respiratory failure. ALS is characterized by fast aggression and high mortality. What' s more, the disease is highly heterogeneous with unclear pathogenesis and lacks effective drugs for therapy. In this review, we summarize the main pathological mechanisms and the current drugs under development for ALS, which may provide a reference for the drug discovery in the future.
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Objective:To explore the application value of multimodal MRI imaging in early neurological deterioration (END) and clinical prognosis prediction of acute ischemic stroke (AIS).Methods:A total of 200 AIS patients admitted to the Chengde Central Hospital from October 2019 to October 2022 were selected as the study subjects. Based on whether END occurred within 7 days of enrollment, there were 40 cases in the occurrence group and 160 cases in the non occurrence group. The influencing factors of END occurrence in AIS patients and the predictive value of multimodal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) parameters on END were analyzed; According to the modified Rankin (mRS) score, patients were divided into good prognosis and poor prognosis groups, and the impact of multimodal MRI imaging parameters on the risk of poor prognosis in AIS patients was analyzed.Results:There were statistically significant differences in the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), cerebral blood flow (CBF), and their differences before and after thrombolysis in multimodal MRI imaging parameters between the END group and the non END group, as well as in the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score at admission, age, and time from onset to admission (all P<0.05). The difference between ADC and CBF before and after thrombolysis, time from onset to admission, NIHSS score at admission, and age were all independent influencing factors for the occurrence of END in AIS patients (all P<0.05). The area under the curve (AUC) of the combined prediction of the difference between ADC and CBF before and after thrombolysis for the occurrence of END in AIS patients was 0.924, which was higher than that predicted by a single indicator ( P<0.05). The incidence of poor prognosis in patients with END was significantly higher than that in patients without END ( P<0.05). The risk of poor prognosis in AIS patients with a difference of less than <45.83×10 -9 mm 2/s before and after ADC thrombolysis was 3.136 times higher than that in patients with ≥45.83×10 -6 mm 2/s. The risk of poor prognosis in AIS patients with a difference of less than 10.52 ml/(min·100 g) before and after ADC thrombolysis was 2.640 times higher than that in patients with ≥10.52 ml/(min·100 g). Conclusions:Multimodal MRI imaging can be used for END evaluation in AIS patients and can provide reference for clinical prognosis evaluation.
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Resumo Objetivo Avaliar o desempenho do Escore Pediátrico de Alerta (EPA) no rastreio de casos de sepse em um contexto hospitalar. Métodos Estudo de teste diagnóstico guiado pelas recomendações do Standards for the Reporting of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies (STARD). A amostra foi de 190 crianças e adolescentes internados em um hospital do interior da Bahia, Brasil. A coleta foi realizada em banco de dados de um projeto guarda-chuva, em prontuários e sistema de registros do hospital. O processamento e análise foram realizados no SPSS® version 25.0 for Windows e MedCalc® version 20.00. O desempenho do EPA no rastreio da sepse quando comparado aos critérios do padrão de referência foi mensurado através da Sensibilidade, Especificidade, Valores Preditivos e curva ROC. Resultados Dentre os participantes, 53,2% eram do sexo masculino, com média da idade de 4,39 anos (DP: 4,28) e mediana 3 anos (IIQ: 1 - 8). A prevalência da sepse identificada pelo padrão de referência foi de 10% e pelo EPA 23.1%. A sensibilidade, especificidade e valores preditivos positivo e negativo do EPA no rastreio de sepse foram de 73,7%, 82,5%, 31,8% e 96,6%, respectivamente. A área sob a curva ROC foi de 0,794. Conclusão O estudo apresenta evidências sobre o desempenho do EPA no rastreio da sepse, demonstrando boa acurácia na discriminação de pacientes pediátricos com e sem sepse na amostra estudada.
Resumen Objetivo Evaluar el desempeño del Puntaje Pediátrico de Alerta (EPA, por sus siglas en portugués) para el rastreo de casos de sepsis en un contexto hospitalario. Métodos Estudio de prueba diagnóstica guiado por las recomendaciones del Standards for the Reporting of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies (STARD). La muestra estuvo compuesta por 190 infantes y adolescentes internados en un hospital del interior del estado de Bahia, Brasil. La recopilación se realizó en un banco de datos de un proyecto paraguas, en historias clínicas y en el sistema de registros del hospital. El procesamiento y el análisis se realizaron en el SPSS® version 25.0 for Windows y MedCalc® version 20.00. El desempeño del EPA para el rastreo de la sepsis, cuando se lo compara con los criterios del modelo de referencia, se midió a través de la sensibilidad, especificidad, valores predictivos y curva ROC. Resultados Entre los participantes, el 53,2 % era de sexo masculino, con edad promedio de 4,39 años (DP: 4,28) y mediana de 3 años (IIQ: 1 - 8). La prevalencia de la sepsis identificada por el modelo de referencia fue del 10 % y por el EPA del 23,1 %. La sensibilidad, la especificidad y los valores predictivos positivo y negativo del EPA para el rastreo de la sepsis fue del 73,7 %, 82,5 %, 31,8 % y 96,6 %, respectivamente. El área bajo la curva ROC fue de 0,794. Conclusión El estudio presenta evidencias sobre el desempeño del EPA para el rastreo de la sepsis y demuestra una buena precisión en la discriminación de pacientes pediátricos con y sin sepsis en la muestra estudiada.
Abstract Objective To assess Pediatric Alert Score (EPA) performance in screening cases of sepsis in a hospital context. Methods This is a diagnostic test study guided by the Standards for the Reporting of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies (STARD) recommendations. The sample consisted of 190 children and adolescents admitted to a hospital in the countryside of Bahia, Brazil. Data collection was carried out in the database of an umbrella project in medical records and the hospital's records system. Processing and analysis were performed in SPSS® version 25.0 for Windows and MedCalc® version 20.00. EPA performance in sepsis screening when compared to the reference standard criteria was measured through sensitivity, specificity, predictive values and ROC curve. Results Among the participants, 53.2% were male, with a mean age of 4.39 years (SD: 4.28) and a median of 3 years (IQR: 1 - 8). The prevalence of sepsis identified by the reference standard was 10% and by EPA (23.1%). The sensitivity, specificity and positive and negative predictive values of EPA in sepsis screening were 73.7%, 82.5%, 31.8% and 96.6%, respectively. The area under the ROC curve was 0.794. Conclusion The study presents evidence on EPA performance in sepsis screening, demonstrating good accuracy in discriminating pediatric patients with and without sepsis in the studied sample.
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Abstract Objective To explore the value of serum Dickkopf-3 (sDKK3) in predicting Early Neurological Deterioration (END) and in-hospital adverse outcomes in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients. Methods AIS patients (n = 200) were included and assessed by the National Institutes of Health Stroke Rating Scale. Serum Dkk3 levels were assessed by ELISA. END was defined as an increase of ≥ 4 points in NIHSS score within 72h. The biological threshold of sDKK3 level and END occurrence were predicted based on X-tile software. Primary outcomes were END and all-cause death, and the secondary outcome was ICU admission during hospitalization. The logistic regression model and Cox risk regression model were applied to evaluate the relationship between DKK3 level and END incidence, all-cause in-hospital mortality, and in-hospital adverse outcomes (ICU admission). Results During hospitalization, the incidence of END in patients with AIS was 13.0 %, and the mortality rate within 7 days after END was 11.54 % (3/26). In patients below the serum DKK3 cutoff (93.0 pg/mL), the incidence of END was 43.5 % (20/48). Patients with lower sDKK3 levels were associated with a 1.188-fold increased risk of developing END (OR = 1.188, 95 % CI 1.055‒1.369, p < 0.0001). However, there was no significant association with admission to the ICU. sDKK3 below the threshold (93.0 pg/mL) was a risk factor for death. Conclusion Predictive threshold levels of serum DKK3 based on X-tile software may be a potential predictive biomarker of in-hospital END in patients with AIS, and low levels of DKK3 are independently associated with increased in-hospital mortality.
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Aims: The current study aimed to investigate the factors influencing seed deterioration in groundnut.Study Design: Three factorial CRD.Place and Duration of Study: The research was conducted at the Department of Seed Science and Technology, Seed Research and Technology Centre, PJTSAU, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, between february 2022 to march 2023.Methodology: Groundnut seeds harvested at different stages (early, normal, and late) were considered, each with varying seed moisture levels (8%, 10%, and 12%). These seeds were stored under ambient conditions for one year and evaluated for percentage of seed infection, seed rot, and bruchid infection. The assessments were carried out with three replicates, each consisting of 100 seeds. The study was conducted using a three-factorial design as the experimental setup involved three independent variables.Results: Results showed that among the different seed moisture levels, seeds harvested early with 8% moisture content exhibited the lowest percentages of seed infection, seed rot, and bruchid infection at 62.75% and 59.58% respectively after one year of storage. Conversely, seeds from the late harvesting window with 12% seed moisture content displayed the highest percentages of these seed health parameters at 53%, 00%, and 49.42% respectively. Notably, there was significant variation in seed infection rates observed in both 8% and 12% seed moisture content groups.Conclusion: These discoveries reveal the vital significance of timely harvesting and maintaining the right moisture levels to safeguard the quality and health of seeds.
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The issue of post-harvest deterioration in fruits and vegetables constitutes a critical concern, especially given the rising global food security challenges. The aim of this review article is to present a comprehensive examination of the diverse facets contributing to the deterioration of these valuable food resources, ranging from biological and environmental factors to economic implications and current preservation methods. One area of focus involves scrutinizing the gaps in the current body of knowledge, particularly the intricate molecular mechanisms governing enzymatic activity and microbial spoilage. Recent developments in technology also present intriguing possibilities for future research. Artificial Intelligence (AI) offers transformative potential in monitoring the quality of stored produce by predicting the onset of spoilage using complex algorithms. This work also delves into the prospects of employing the Internet of Things (IoT) for real-time assessment and control of storage conditions, which could revolutionize supply chain management and significantly minimize deterioration during transport. Another exciting avenue lies in the utilization of novel packaging materials especially those which are biodegradable and may be imbued with natural preservatives, a move that aligns well with global sustainability goals. Any such technological advancements must be scrutinized in the context of existing food safety standards and regulations, both at the national and international levels. These standards govern everything from permissible microbial activity levels to waste management, and are dictated by organizations such as the FDA and EFSA, as well as international frameworks like the Codex Alimentarius.
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Resumen Antecedentes: El reemplazo valvular por prótesis mecánicas o biológicas implica riesgo de tromboembolismo y complicaciones hemorrágicas. Objetivo: Determinar las complicaciones relacionadas con la terapia de anticoagulación complementaria y la probabilidad de riesgo en pacientes portadores de prótesis valvulares del corazón. Métodos: Se estudiaron 163 pacientes entre 2002 y 2016, portadores de prótesis mecánicas y biológicas, quienes recibieron antagonistas de la vitamina K posterior al egreso hospitalario. La terapia de anticoagulación se categorizó en óptima y no óptima conforme a los valores de INR previos a las complicaciones. Fueron excluidos los pacientes con comorbilidades y otros factores de riesgo de trombosis y/o sangrado. Resultados: a 68.7 % de los pacientes se les colocó prótesis mecánica y a 31.3 %, biológica (p ≤ 0.001); 25.2 % presentó las complicaciones motivo de estudio (p ≤ 0.001), hemorrágicas en 48.8 %, tromboembólicas en 26.8 % y de ambos tipos en 24.4 % (riesgo relativo = 4.229); a 95.1 % de los pacientes con complicaciones se les colocó prótesis mecánica y a 4.9 %, biológica (p = 0.005); 49.7 % presentó INR no óptimo (p ≤ 0.001). Conclusiones: Ante riesgo alto de complicaciones tromboembólicas y hemorrágicas, la elección de las prótesis valvulares, la prevención y el seguimiento son prioridades, principalmente en quienes requieren terapia de anticoagulación.
Abstract Background: Heart valve replacement surgery with mechanical or biological prostheses entails a risk of thromboembolism and bleeding complications. Objective: To determine the complications related to complementary anticoagulation therapy and the probability of risk. Methods: One-hundred and sixty-three patients who underwent heart valve replacement between 2002 and 2016 with either mechanical or biological prostheses, and who received vitamin K antagonists after hospital discharge, were studied. Anticoagulation therapy was categorized into optimal and non-optimal according to INR values prior to the development of complications. Patients with comorbidities and other risk factors for thrombosis and/or bleeding were excluded. Results: In total, 68.7 % of patients received mechanical prostheses, and 31.3 %, biological prostheses (p ≤ 0.001); 25.2 % experienced the complications that motivated the study (p ≤ 0.001), which were hemorrhagic in 48.8 %, thromboembolic in 26.8 %, and of both types in 24.4 % (relative risk = 4.229). Among the patients with complications, 95.1 % received mechanical prostheses, and 4.9 %, biological (p = 0.005); non-optimal INR was identified in 49.7 % (p ≤ 0.001). Conclusions: Given the high risk of thromboembolic and hemorrhagic complications, valve prostheses must be carefully chosen, and care priorities should include prevention and follow-up, especially in those patients who require anticoagulation therapy.
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Background: Older adults admitted to a hospital for acute illness are at higher risk of hospital-associated functional decline during stays and after discharge. Objective: This study aimed to assess the calibration and discriminative abilities of the Hospital Admission Risk Profile (HARP) and the Identification of Seniors at Risk (ISAR) scales as predictors of hospital-associated functional decline at discharge in a cohort of patients older than age 65 receiving management in an acute geriatric care unit in Colombia. Methods: This study is an external validation of ISAR and HARP prediction models in a cohort of patients over 65 years managed in an acute geriatric care unit. The study included patients with Barthel index measured at admission and discharge. The evaluation discriminate ability and calibration, two fundamental aspects of the scales. Results: Of 833 patients evaluated, 363 (43.6%) presented hospital-associated functional decline at discharge. The HARP underestimated the risk of hospital-associated functional decline for patients in low- and intermediate-risk categories (relation between observed/expected events (ROE) 1.82 and 1.51, respectively). The HARP overestimated the risk of hospital-associated functional decline for patients in the high-risk category (ROE 0.91). The ISAR underestimated the risk of hospital-associated functional decline for patients in low- and high-risk categories (ROE 1.59 and 1.11). Both scales showed poor discriminative ability, with an area under the curve (AUC) between 0.55 and 0.60. Conclusions: This study found that HARP and ISAR scales have limited discriminative ability to predict HAFD at discharge. The HARP and ISAR scales should be used cautiously in the Colombian population since they underestimate the risk of hospital-associated functional decline and have low discriminative ability.
Antecedentes: los adultos mayores ingresados en un hospital por una enfermedad aguda tienen un mayor riesgo de deterioro functional hospitalario durante su estancia y después del alta. Objetivo: este estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar las capacidades de calibración y discriminación de las escalas Hospital Admission Risk Profile (HARP) e Identification of Seniors at Risk (ISAR) como predictores de deterioro funcional hospitalario al alta en una cohorte de pacientes mayores de 65 años que recibieron manejo en una unidad geriátrica de agudos en Colombia. Métodos: este estudio es una validación externa de los modelos de predicción ISAR y HARP en una cohorte de pacientes mayores de 65 años atendidos en una unidad geriátrica de agudos. El estudio incluyó pacientes con índice de Barthel medido al ingreso y al alta y la evaluación de la capacidad de discriminación y calibración, dos aspectos fundamentales para esta medición. Resultados: de 833 pacientes evaluados, 363 (43.6%) presentaron deterioro funcional hospitalario al momento del alta. La escala HARP subestimó el riesgo de deterioro funcional hospitalario para los pacientes en las categorías de riesgo bajo e intermedio (relación entre eventos observados /esperados (ROE) 1.82 y 1.51, respectivamente). El HARP sobrestimó el riesgo de deterioro funcional hospitalario para pacientes en la categoría de alto riesgo (ROE 0.91). El ISAR subestimó el riesgo de deterioro hospitalario para pacientes en categorías de bajo y alto riesgo (ROE 1.59 y 1.11). Ambas escalas mostraron una pobre capacidad de discriminación, con un área bajo la curva (AUC) entre 0.55 y 0.60. Conclusiones: este estudio encontró que las escalas HARP e ISAR tienen una capacidad de discriminación limitada para predecir deterioro funcional hospitalario al alta. Las escalas HARP e ISAR deben usarse con cautela en la población colombiana ya que subestiman el riesgo de deterioro funcional hospitalario y tienen baja capacidad de discriminación.
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Introdução: Em pacientes em enfermarias, eventos adversos evitáveis podem decorrer de deterioração clínica despercebida, frequentemente antecedida por alterações nos sinais vitais, fornecendo oportunidade para intervenção precoce. A adoção de Equipe de Resposta Rápida (ERR) pode melhorar esse desfecho, porém é altamente dependente do monitoramento dos parâmetros fisiológicos e da notificação da ERR. Objetivo: Avaliar a qualidade das informações em prontuários e da resposta assistencial a pacientes em enfermarias com agravamento do estado clínico, resultando em óbito ou transferência para UTI em um Hospital Universitário e fornecer dados para comparação de resultados após implantação da ERR. Material e Métodos: Estudo documental retrospectivo, entre junho de 2013 e julho de 2014, em 128 prontuários de pacientes com piora clínica que resultou em óbito ou admissão em UTI ("evento"). Foram coletados os parâmetros fisiológicos, a pontuação no Escore para Alerta Precoce e o Plano de Ação registrado em 11 momentos que antecederam o "evento", resultando em 11 escores. A relação entre a pontuação do Escore de Alerta Precoce e a execução do Plano de Ação foi classificada como "adequada", "inadequada" ou "ausente". Resultados: Quanto mais se afastava momento de ocorrência do "evento", maior foi o número de dados faltantes, ocasionando Escores de Alerta Precoce não calculáveis. O número de casos adequados foi menor quanto mais distante estava o "evento" do momento da aferição dos parâmetros fisiológicos. Conclusão: Os tempos de resposta foram inadequados ao Plano de Ação. A falha em socorrer pacientes em deterioração clínica é complexa e multifatorial, mas acredita-se que no presente relato isto se deveu, pelo menos em parte, à anotação inadequada dos parâmetros fisiológicos. Esforços devem ser envidados no sentido de reforçar a importância do registro dos parâmetros fisiológicos, de reconhecer, de intervir e de comunicar agravos, essenciais para o correto funcionamento das alças aferente e eferentes das ERR.
Introduction: Preventable adverse events may result from unnoticed clinical deterioration in inpatients, which are often preceded by changes in warning signs, providing an opportunity for early intervention. The adoption of the Rapid Response Team (ERR) can improve the outcome; however, it is highly dependent on monitoring of the physiological parameters and on notification of the ERR. Objective: To evaluate the quality of information in medical records and the care response to patients in wards with worsening of the clinical status, which resulting in death or transfer to the ICU in a University Hospital and provide data for future comparison of results after ERR deployment. Material and Methods: Documentary retrospective study, between June 2013 and July 2014, of 128 medical records of patients with clinical worsening who died in death or admission to the ICU ("event"). The physiological parameters, the score on the Early Warning Score and the Action Plan recorded in 11 moments that preceded the "event" were collected, resulting in 11 scores. The relationship between the Early Warning Score and Action Plan execution was classified as "adequate", "inadequate" or "absent". Results: The further away from the moment of occurrence of the "event", greater the number of missing data, causing non- calculable Early Warning Scores. The number of adequate cases was smaller the further away the "event" was from the moment of measurement of the physiological parameters. Conclusion: Response times were inadequate to the Action Plan. Failure to rescue patients in the clinic is a complex and multifactorial, but it is believed that in the present report this was due, at least in part, to inadequate recording of physiological parameters. Efforts should be made to reinforce the importance of recording physiological parameters, recognizing, intervening, and communicating injuries, which are essential for the correct functioning of the afferent and efferent loops of the ERR.
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Cognition is defined as mental process of acquiring knowledge and understanding through thought, experi-ence and senses. It is an age-related degenerative condition, as the age advances, individuals experience dete-riorative changes in their cognitive abilities. It is estimated that nearly four fifth of the elderly above 60 years of age will be living in developing countries like Africa, Asia by 2050, thereby placing the developing countries to face threat of cognitive impairment among elderly when compared to developed countries. The result of striking increase in aging population of India, it is expected to have a substantial increase in elderly suffering from cognitive impairment. This review involves discussing the various causes, pathophysiology, modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors associated with this increasing cognitive deterioration in elderly people, di-agnostic criteria, and preventive methods. This review will help in better understanding of the cognitive im-pairment in elderly people. Better understanding of the disease helps in better treatment modalities.
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@#For patients with aortic valve disease who require replacement of their native valve, surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR) has been the standard of care. Due to the hemorrhage and thromboembolic risks of long-term anticoagulation therapy for mechanical prosthesis, bioprosthetic aortic valve replacement (AVR) has a trend to be used in younger patients, which raising the concern for the durability of bioprosthetic valves. The newly published 5-year outcomes of PERIGON trial, with no structural valve deterioration, again demonstrated the favorable durability of the new generation bioprosthetic valves, further providing the evidence of using bioprosthetic AVR in younger patients. At the meantime, the rapid progress of transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) has brought a new treatment option. For younger patients with low risks, choosing SAVR or TAVI becomes a critical decision. This paper reviews the outcomes of PERIGON trial and its implications to the clinical practice and research of bioprosthetic AVR.
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Objective To explore the risk factors of early neurological deterioration(END)in patients with acute cerebral infarction(ACI)based on the characteristics of computed tomography angiography(CTA)images of head and neck plaques.Methods A total of 218 ACI patients were selected,and according to whether END occurred within 72 h after onset,they were divided into an END group(54 cases)and non END group(164 cases).The clinical data and imaging indicators were compared and analyzed between the two groups.Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to analyze risk factors,and a nomograph prediction model was constructed and evaluated.Results National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale(NIHSS)score at admission ≥4 points,glycated hemoglobin(HbA1c)≥7.7％,severe or above ipsilateral carotid artery stenosis,and unstable plaque(soft plaque and mixed plaque)were the independent risk factors in END patients(P＜0.05).The result of nomograph prediction model showed that its discrimination,accuracy and effectiveness were better.Conclusion NIHSS score at admission,HbA1c level,ipsilateral carotid artery stenosis degree,and plaque type are all independent influencing factors for the occurrence of END.
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Objective:To investigate the risk factors and their early warning effectiveness for the occurrence of early neurological deterioration (END) in patients with moderate traumatic brain injury (modTBI).Methods:A retrospective cohort study was conducted to analyze the clinical data of 265 patients with modTBI admitted to the Second Affiliated Hospital of Fuyang Normal University from January 2018 to April 2023. There were 165 males and 100 females, with age range of 20-91 years [(59.5±14.4)years]. The patients were divided into END group ( n=46) (17.4%) and non-END group ( n=219) (82.6%) according to whether the Glasgow Coma Score (GCS) decreased by 2 points or more within 72 hours after injury. Data of the two groups were recorded, including gender, age, basic diseases (hypertension and diabetes), cause of injury (traffic injuries, falls, etc), vomiting before admission, admission GCS, first CT scan time, epilepsy, brain contusion, subarachnoid hemorrhage, types of intracranial hematoma (epidural, subdural, and intracerebral hematoma), types of fracture (skull base fracture and skull fracture), laboratory indicators [platelet count (PLT), blood potassium level, serum total calcium concentration, thrombin time (TT), prothrombin time (PT), international normalized ratio (INR), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), level of fibrinogen (FIB), and level of D-dimer. Correlations between above-mentioned indicators and occurrence of END among modTBI patients were assessed and the independent risk factors were revealed by univariate and multivariate binary Logistic regression analysis. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and area under curve (AUC) were used to evaluate the early-warning effectiveness of each risk factor for END. Results:Univariate analysis showed that admission GCS, first CT scan time, epidural hematoma, subdural hematoma, intracerebral hematoma, serum potassium level, FIB and D-dimer were statistically correlated with occurrence of END among modTBI patients ( P<0.05 or 0.01). Multivariate binary Logistic regression analysis showed that admission GCS≤10 points ( OR=0.53, 95% CI 0.34, 0.84, P<0.01), first CT scan time≤2.0 hours ( OR=0.58, 95% CI 0.37, 0.92, P<0.05), epidural hematoma ( OR=0.26, 95% CI 0.10, 0.69, P<0.05), intracerebral hematoma ( OR=0.14, 95% CI 0.04, 0.44, P<0.01), level of FIB≤2.3 g/L ( OR=0.34, 95% CI 0.18, 0.64, P<0.01), level of D-dimer>10.4 mg/L ( OR=1.04, 95% CI 1.02, 1.07, P<0.01) were independent risk factors for END among modTBI patients. ROC curve analysis showed that the first CT scan time had relatively higher early warning value (AUC=0.79, 95% CI 0.74, 0.84), level of D-dimer (AUC=0.75, 95% CI 0.70, 0.80) and level of FIB (AUC=0.70, 95% CI 0.65, 0.76) had moderate early warning value, which was higher than that of admission GCS (AUC=0.62, 95% CI 0.56, 0.68), intracerebral hematoma (AUC=0.62, 95% CI 0.56, 0.68) and epidural hematoma (AUC=0.60, 95% CI 0.54, 0.66). The combination of the risk factors revealed superior early warning efficiency for END (AUC=0.90, 95% CI 0.85, 0.93). Conclusions:Admission GCS≤10 points, first CT scan time≤2.0 hours, epidural hematoma, intracerebral hematoma, level of FIB≤2.3 g/L and level of D-dimer>10.4 mg/L are independent risk factors for END among modTBI patients. The early warning value of the first CT scan is the highest, followed by D-dimer and FIB, and the early warning effectiveness of admission GCS, intracerebral hematoma and epidural hematoma is ordinary.The combination of the above risk factors has better early warning efficiency for occurrence of END among modTBI patients.
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@#Objective Platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio(PLR) has been proved to be a new biomarker of inflammation in various diseases. The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between PLR and early neurological deterioration(END) in patients with acute ischemic stroke(AIS). Methods We retrospectively analyzed the clinical and laboratory data of 1 116 patients with AIS admitted to the Department of Neurology of Shanghai Yangpu District Central Hospital from May 2018 to October 2020.The patients were grouped for analysis according to whether END occurred within 72 hours. They were also grouped by the quartiles of PLR(platelet count divided by lymphocyte count). Univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to explore independent factors influencing END in patients with AIS. The predictive ability of PLR for the occurrence of END was evaluated by using a receiver operating characteristic(ROC) curve. Results A total of 1 116 patients with AIS were included in the study,with 125 patients(11.2%) in the END group and 991 patients(88.8%) in the non-END group. The univariable analysis showed that PLR in the END group was significantly higher than that in the non-END group(151.68 vs 132.89,P<0.05). The multivariable analysis showed that the risks of END in the PLR Q3 and Q4 groups were 2.172 times[odds ratio(OR)=2.172,95% confidence interval(CI) 1.201-3.929,P=0.01)]and 2.571 times(OR=2.571,95%CI 1.441-4.589,P=0.001) that of the PLR Q1 group. According to the ROC curve,the area under the curve for PLR predicting END was 0.587(95%CI 0.536-0.639,P< 0.001),and the optimal critical value was 119.40,with a sensitivity of 77.6% and a specificity of 39.4%. Conclusion PLR is an independent risk factor for END in patients with AIS. The increase of PLR is associated with a higher risk of END,which demonstrates certain predictive ability of PLR for the occurrence of END.
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@#Branch atheromatous disease(BAD) refers to cerebral infarction that occurs at the opening or bifurcation of the perforating artery and is caused by the stenosis or occlusion of the lumen of the perforating artery due to atherosclerosis. Since BAD was proposed,it has attracted wide attention due to its characteristic imaging manifestations and clinical features of early neurological deterioration. However,since it is unable to visualize the perforating artery on conventional imaging,it is difficult to clarify and unify the diagnostic criteria and therapeutic strategies for BAD. The application of high-resolution magnetic resonance and high-field magnetic resonance can help to display the hemodynamics and luminal plaques of the perforating artery,which will provide assistance for the development of more high-level BAD studies. This article reviews the epidemiology,clinical and imaging manifestations,diagnostic criteria,and treatment of BAD,so as to improve the early identification of this disease among clinicians and provide a reference for the diagnosis and treatment of this diseases.
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Objective:To investigate the relationship between the degree and location of cerebral microbleeds (CMBs) and the early neurological deterioration (END) within 72 h after admissionin in patients with acute small artery occlusive stroke (SAO).Methods:Patients with first-onset SAO hospitalized in Changzhou Second People′s Hospital from July 2020 to January 2021 were retrospectively enrolled. All patients completed the head magnetic resonance imaging including susceptibility weighted imaging. Collected baseline data, and evaluated the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NHISS) scores before admission and within 72 h after onset. Patients were divided into END group and no END group according to whether NIHSS scores increased by ≥3 within 72 h after admission. The baseline characteristics were compared between these two groups. Moreover, the correlation between the degree and location of CMBs and END were analyzed by multivariate Logistic regression.Results:A total of 163 first-episode SAO patients were enrolled. There were 47 patients (28.83%) with END. In END group, there were 35 patients (74.47%) with CMBs which was higher than those in non-END group [42 patients (36.21%)]. In END group, there were 21 patients (44.68%) with severe CMBs, 11 patients (23.41%) with basal ganglia CMBs, 16 patients (34.04%) with mixed CMBs, which were all higher than those in non-END group [5 patients (4.31%) with severe CMBs, 9 patients (7.76%) with basal ganglia CMBs, and 13 patients (11.21%) with mixed CMBs]. The difference was statistically significant ( P<0.05). After adjusting for triglyceride, location of infarcated lesions, and the degree of WMHs, further Logistic regression analysis revealed that severe CMBs ( OR = 6.139, 95% CI 1.377 - 27.375, P = 0.017), basal ganglia CMBs ( OR = 5.253, 95% CI 1.105 - 24.975, P = 0.037) and mixed CMBS ( OR = 5.098, 95% CI 1.197 - 21.704, P = 0.028) were independent risk factors of END in SAO patients. Conclusions:The location and degree of CMBs are closely related to the occurrence of END in patients with SAO. Severe CMBs, basal ganglia CMBs and mixed CMBs may be the effective predictors of END in patients with SAO.
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Resumo Objetivo Avaliar a acurácia, utilidade, reprodutibilidade e aplicabilidade do Escore Pediátrico de Alerta (EPA) na identificação da deterioração clínica em crianças e adolescentes hospitalizados. Métodos Estudo de teste diagnóstico, prospectivo, realizado entre outubro/2018 a outubro/2019, para medir a acurácia diagnóstica do EPA em uma amostra de 240 crianças, e sua reprodutibilidade e aplicabilidade em uma amostra de 60 crianças. Os dados foram processados e analisados no MedCalc e VassarStats.net. Resultados No ponto de corte ≥ 3, o escore apresentou sensibilidade de 73,6%, especificidade de 95,7%, valor preditivo positivo de 83%, valor preditivo negativo de 92,7, área sob a curva ROC de 93,6%, prevalência estimada pelo teste de 19,6%, razão de probabilidade positiva 17,1, probabilidade pós-teste positivo de 77,8%, kappa simples de 0,946. Conclusão O estudo fornece evidências sobre a elevada acurácia, utilidade e reprodutibilidade do EPA na identificação da deterioração clínica em um cenário hospitalar pediátrico brasileiro, e considerou o instrumento aplicável no contexto da pesquisa.
Resumen Objetivo Evaluar la precisión, utilidad, reproducibilidad y aplicabilidad del Sistema de Alerta Precoz Infantil (SAPI) en la identificación del deterioro clínico en niños y adolescentes hospitalizados. Métodos Estudio de prueba diagnóstica, prospectiva, realizada entre octubre de 2018 y octubre de 2019, para medir la precisión diagnóstica del SAPI en una muestra de 240 niños y su reproducibilidad y aplicabilidad en una muestra de 60 niños. Los datos fueron procesados y analizados en MedCalc y VassarStats.net. Resultados En el punto de corte ≥ 3, el puntaje presentó una sensibilidad del 73,6 %, especificidad del 95,7 %, valor predictivo positivo del 83 %, valor predictivo negativo de 92,7, área bajo la curva ROC del 93,6 %, prevalencia estimada por la prueba del 19,6 %, razón de probabilidad positiva 17,1, probabilidad posprueba positiva del 77,8 %, kappa simple de 0,946. Conclusión El estudio presenta evidencias sobre la elevada precisión, utilidad y reproducibilidad del SAPI en la identificación del deterioro clínico en un escenario hospitalario pediátrico brasileño, por lo que el instrumento se consideró aplicable en el contexto de la investigación.
Abstract Objective To assess the Pediatric Alert Score (EPA) accuracy, usefulness, reproducibility and applicability in identifying clinical deterioration in hospitalized children and adolescents. Methods This is a prospective diagnostic test study, carried out between October/2018 and October/2019, to measure EPA diagnostic accuracy in a sample of 240 children, and its reproducibility and applicability in a sample of 60 children. Data were processed and analyzed on MedCalc and VassarStats.net. Results At cut-off point ≥ 3, the score had a sensitivity of 73.6%, specificity of 95.7%, positive predictive value of 83%, negative predictive value of 92.7, area under the ROC curve of 93.6%, estimated prevalence of 19.6%, positive probability ratio of 17.1, positive post-test probability of 77.8%, simple Kappa of 0.946. Conclusion The study provides evidence on EPA high accuracy, usefulness and reproducibility in identifying clinical deterioration in a Brazilian pediatric hospital setting, and considered the instrument applicable in the context of the research.
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Objetivo: realizar a validade preditiva do National Early Warning Score 2 versão brasileira (NEWS 2 BR) nos desfechos alta e óbito em pacientes com COVID-19. Método: estudo transversal com análise de validade preditiva. Variáveis sociodemográficas, clínicas, desfechos e os componentes do escore foram coletados em prontuário eletrônico e analisados por meio da estatística descritiva e inferencial. Resultados: incluíram-se 400 pacientes, com mediana de idade de 61 anos. O escore na admissão teve mediana de 5 pontos, com amplitude de 0 a 21. Houve associação entre escores mais altos com o desfecho óbito e escores mais baixos com a alta. A validade preditiva do NEWS 2 BR para o óbito foi realizada pela análise de curva ROC e o ponto de corte de maior acurácia foi de seis pontos. Conclusão: a versão brasileira do NEWS 2 é um escore válido para avaliação de pacientes com COVID-19.
Objective: perform the predictive validity of National Early Warning Score 2 Brazilian version (NEWS 2 BR) in discharge and death outcomes in patients with COVID-19. Method: cross-sectional study with predictive validity analysis. Social-demographical and clinical variables, outcomes and the score components were collected with an electronic health record and analyzed through descriptive and inferential statistics. Outcomes: 400 patients were included, with median age of 61 years. The score, at the moment of admission, had a median of 5 points, with a range from 0 to 21. There is an association between the highest scores and the death outcome and the lowest scores and the discharge outcome. The predictive validity of NEWS 2 BRfor death was established by the analysis of the ROC curve and the most accurate cut-off point was six points. Conclusion: The Brazilian version of NEWS 2 is a valid score to assess patients with COVID-19.
Objetivo: realizar la validez predictiva del National Early Warning Score 2 versión brasileña (NEWS 2 BR) en los resultados alta y fallecimiento en pacientes con COVID-19. Método: estudio transversal con análisis de validez predictiva. Variables sociodemográficas, clínicas, resultados y los componentes del score fueron recolectados en prontuario electrónico y analizados por medio de la estadística descriptiva e inferencial. Resultados: se incluyeron 400 pacientes, con mediana de edad de 61 años. El score en la admisión tuvo mediana de 5 puntos, con amplitud de 0 a 21. Hubo asociación entre scores más altos con el resultado fallecimiento y scores más bajos con el alta. La validez predictiva del NEWS 2 BR para el fallecimiento fue realizada por el análisis de curva ROC y el punto de corte de mayor precisión fue de seis puntos. Conclusión: la versión brasileña del NEWS 2 es un score válido para la evaluación de pacientes con COVID-19.
Тема - темы
Humans , Hospital Mortality , Validation Study , Clinical Deterioration , Early Warning Score , COVID-19Реферат
RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar a ef etividade de um algoritmo para identificar precocemente a deterioração clínica em unidades de internação adulto. Método: Estudo de coorte retrospectivo, realizado em um hospital filantrópico localizado no norte paranaense. Procedeu-se à análise de tendência de indicadores referentes à produtividade, produção e qualidade. Adotou-se um erro alfa de 5%. Resultados: Os indicadores de produção mostraram tendência decrescente na taxa de ocupação, tanto dos leitos destinados a tratamentos eletivos, quanto daqueles reservados para urgência, e tendência crescente no número absoluto de internações e número de pacientes dia. Nos indicadores de produtividade, observou-se tendência estacionária no índice de renovação de leitos. Em relação à qualidade, verificou-se a predominância da tendência crescente em todas as taxas (infecção, sepse e mortalidade). Conclusão: Os resultados demonstraram que o algoritmo foi efetivo, visto que houve melhora nos indicadores de produção, que mostraram tendência decrescente na taxa de ocupação, tanto nos leitos eletivos, quanto nos de urgência; e dos indicadores de produtividade, onde observou-se tendência estacionária no índice de renovação de leitos.
RESUMEN Objetivo: evaluar la efectividad de un algoritmo para identificar precozmente el deterioro clínico en unidades de internación adulta. Método: estudio de cohorte retrospectivo, realizado en un hospital filantrópico ubicado en el norte de Paraná/Brasil. Se procedió al análisis de indicadores de tendencia referentes a la productividad, producción y calidad. Se adoptó un error alfa del 5%. Resultados: los indicadores de producción mostraron tendencia decreciente en la tasa de ocupación, tanto de las camas destinadas a tratamientos electivos, como de aquellos reservados para urgencia, y tendencia creciente en el número absoluto de internaciones y número de pacientes/día. En los indicadores de productividad, se observó tendencia estacionaria en el índice de renovación de camas. En cuanto a la calidad, se observó un predominio de la tendencia creciente en todas las tasas (infección, sepsis y mortalidad). Conclusión: los resultados demostraron que el algoritmo fue efectivo, ya que hubo mejora en los indicadores de producción, que señalaron tendencia decreciente en la tasa de ocupación, tanto en las camas electivas, como en los de urgencia; y de los indicadores de productividad, donde se observó tendencia estacionaria en el índice de renovación de camas.
ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of an algorithm for early identification of clinical deterioration in adult inpatient units. Method: Retrospective cohort study conducted in a philanthropic hospital in northern of the State of Paraná. The study analyzed the trend of indicators related to productivity, production, and quality. It adopted an alpha error of 5%. Results: The production indicators showed a decreasing trend in the occupancy rate, both of the beds destined for elective treatments and those reserved for urgency, and an increasing trend in the absolute number of hospitalizations and the number of patients per day. The productivity indicators showed a steady trend in the bed renewal index. Regarding quality, there was a predominance of increasing trend in all rates (infection, sepsis, and mortality). Conclusion: The results showed that the algorithm was effective since there was an improvement in production indicators, which showed a decreasing trend in the occupancy rate, both in elective and emergency beds, and productivity indicators, where there was a stationary trend in the bed renewal index.