Evaluation of Hand Morphometry in Healthy Young Individuals from Different Countries / Evaluación de la Morfometría de la Mano en Individuos Jóvenes Sanos de Diferentes Países

SUMMARY: This study aims to examine the hand morphometry of healthy young individuals from different countries and investigate the differences between countries in typing of hand based on the morphometric values obtained. In the study, 16 different parameters, including two surface areas and 14 lengths, were measured from the right hand of 579 volunteers (250 females, 329 males) from 7 different countries (Turkey, Chad, Morocco, Gabon, Kazakhstan, Senegal and Syria). Factor analysis was performed on the parameters, cluster analysis was performed according to the factor score obtained, and the hand types in the study were determined. As a result of the study, four different hand types were defined, and the distribution of these types according to countries was analyzed. All parameters showed significant differences between countries in both genders (p<0.05). According to the results of the study, there was a difference between male and female hand types between countries. In females, the type 1 hand type was found only in Gabon, the type 2 hand type was found only in Senegal, the type 3 hand type was found in Turkey, Morocco and Kazakhstan, while the type 4 hand type was significantly distributed in Senegal and Gabon (X2 =104.62; df=18, p<0.05). In males, type 1 hand type was found in Turkey, type 2 hand type in Senegal and Gabon, type 3 hand type in Turkey, while type 4 hand type was significantly distributed in Morocco and Kazakhstan (X2 =76.964; df=18, p<0.05).

Este estudio tuvo como objetivo examinar la morfometría de la mano de individuos jóvenes sanos de diferentes países e investigar las diferencias en la mecanografía de la mano entre países en función de los valores morfométricos obtenidos. En el estudio, se midieron 16 parámetros diferentes, incluidas dos superficies y 14 longitudes, de la mano derecha de 579 voluntarios (250 mujeres, 329 hombres) de 7 países diferentes (Turquía, Chad, Marruecos, Gabón, Kazajstán, Senegal y Siria). Se realizó un análisis factorial de los parámetros, un análisis de conglomerados según la puntuación factorial obtenida y se determinaron los tipos de manos en el estudio. Como resultado, se definieron cuatro tipos diferentes de manos y se analizó la distribución de estos tipos según países. Todos los parámetros mostraron diferencias significativas entre países en ambos sexos (p<0,05). Según los resultados del estudio, hubo una diferencia entre los tipos de manos de los hombres y de las mujeres entre países. En las mujeres, el tipo de mano tipo 1 se encontró solo en Gabón, el tipo de mano tipo 2 se encontró solo en Senegal, el tipo de mano tipo 3 se encontró en Turquía, Marruecos y Kazajstán, mientras que la mano tipo 4 se distribuyó significativamente en Senegal y Gabón (X2=104,62; gl=18, p<0,05). En los hombres, el tipo de mano tipo 1 se encontró en Turquía, el tipo de mano tipo 2 en Senegal y Gabón, el tipo de mano tipo 3 en Turquía, mientras que la mano tipo 4 se distribuyó significativamente en Marruecos y Kazajstán (X2=76,964; gl=18, p <0,05).

Strategy for the Conservative Treatment of Type-III Camptodactyly in Children with Beals-Hecht Syndrome / Estratégia para o tratamento conservador da camptodactilia de tipo III em criança com síndrome de Beals-Hecht

Abstract The authors present a successful case in the conservative treatment of type-III camptodactyly in a patient with Beals-Hecht syndrome. Camptodactyly is a flexion deformity of the proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joint, in the anteroposterior direction, painless and bilateral in 2/3 of the cases. Type-III is the most severe and disabling form, as it usually affects several fingers and is associated with syndromes and other malformations. The case herein reported had the correction achieved with the systematic use of static orthoses started at 7 months of age and completed after 23 and a half months of the intervention.

Resumo Os autores apresentam um caso bem-sucedido no tratamento conservador da camptodactilia de tipo III em paciente com síndrome de Beals-Hecht. A camptodactilia é uma deformidade em flexão da articulação interfalangeana proximal (IFP), no sentido anteroposterior, indolor, e bilateral em 2/3 dos casos. A de tipo III é a forma mais grave e incapacitante, pois geralmente acomete vários dedos e está associada a síndromes e outras malformações. O caso apresentado teve a correção alcançada com o uso sistemático de órteses estáticas iniciado aos 7 meses de idade e concluído após 23 meses e meio de intervenção.

Anatomical Study of the Relationship between the Riché-Cannieu Anastomosis and the Kaplan Cardinal Line / Estudo anatômico da relação entre a anastomose de Riché-Cannieu e a linha cardinal de Kaplan

Abstract Objective To identify the location of the Riché-Cannieu anastomosis (RCA) in relation to the Cardinal Kaplan Line (KCL) and the Y line. Methods A total of 20 hands of 10 recently-deceased adult male cadavers aged between 27 and 66 years were dissected for the investigation of the relationship of the most distal point of the RCA with the KCL and with the Y line, drawn from the axis of the third metacarpal head, following the longitudinal axis of the hand. Results In 20 limbs, the most distal point of the nerve communication was positioned distally in relation to the KCL. The Y line was positioned on the radial side in relation to the most distal point of the RCA in 14 limbs, and it was positioned on the ulnar side in relation to the Y line in 6 limbs. The crossing between the KCL and the Y line occurred proximal to the RCA in 18 limbs; in 1 hand, it was positioned distal to the intersection between these lines; and in another hand, the KCL was positioned exactly on the RCA. Conclusion Knowledge of these anatomical relationships can prevent damage to nerve branches and thus also prevent paralysis of intrinsic muscles in surgical procedures in the palm of the hand.

Resumo Objetivo Identificar a localização da anastomose de Riché-Cannieu (ARC) em relação à linha cardinal de Kaplan (LCK) e à linha Y. Métodos Ao todo, 20 mãos de 10 cadáveres adultos do sexo masculino com idades entre 27 e 66 anos, recentemente falecidos, foram dissecadas para a investigação da relação do ponto mais distal da ARC com a LCK e a linha Y traçada a partir do eixo da cabeça do terceiro metacarpo seguindo o eixo longitudinal da mão. Resultados Nos 20 membros, o ponto mais distal da comunicação nervosa era distal à LCK. A linha Y estava no lado radial em relação ao ponto mais distal da ARC em 14 membros, e no lado ulnar em relação à linha Y em 6 membros. O cruzamento entre a LCK e a linha Y foi proximal à ARC em 18 membros; em 1 mão, era distal à intersecção entre essas linhas e, em outra mão, a LCK estava exatamente na ARC. Conclusão O conhecimento dessas relações anatômicas pode prevenir danos aos ramos nervosos e, assim, também prevenir a paralisia dos músculos intrínsecos em procedimentos cirúrgicos na palma da mão.

Analysis of Surgical Procedures on the Forearm and Hand and Their Relationship with Complex Regional Pain Syndrome: A Cross-sectional Study / Análise dos procedimentos cirúrgicos no antebraço e na mão e sua relação com a síndrome da dor regional complexa: Um estudo transversal

Abstract Objective Complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) requires further understanding. Thus, the present study aimed to analyze if pre- and intraoperative factors may be related to the development of CRPS in the postoperative period. Methods We reviewed 1,183 medical records of patients undergoing forearm and hand surgeries from 2015 to 2021. The data of interest, that is, diagnosis, incisions, synthesis material, and anesthesia, were collected, tabulated, and statistically analyzed, with subsequent calculation of the odds ratios. Results Most patients were female, aged between 30 and 59 years, and sought the service electively (67% of the cases). The diagnoses included soft tissue trauma (43%), bone trauma (31.6%), and compressive syndromes (25.5%). During this period, 45 (3.8%) subjects developed CRPS. The statistical analysis showed that the chance of developing CRPS is twice as high in patients with compressive syndrome, especially carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS), which represented most surgeries performed in our service (24%). Two or more incisions occurred in 7.6% of the cases, which tripled the chance of developing postoperative CRPS. Gender, age, use pf synthetic material, type of anesthesia type did not statistically increase the risk of developing postoperative CRPS. Conclusion In short, the incidence of CRPS is low; however, it is critical to know and recognize the risk factors for prevention and active screening in the postoperative period.

Resumo Objetivo A síndrome da dor regional complexa (SDRC) precisa ser mais bem compreendida. Assim, este estudo objetiva analisar se fatores pré e intraoperatórios poderiam estar relacionados ao desenvolvimento de SDRC no pós-operatório. Métodos Foram revisados 1.183 prontuários de pacientes submetidos a cirurgias no antebraço e na mão entre 2015 e 2021. Os dados de interesse, como diagnóstico, incisões, material de síntese e anestesia realizada, foram coletados, tabulados e submetidos a testes estatísticos com posterior cálculo da razão de chances. Resultados A maioria dos pacientes era do gênero feminino, com idade entre 30 e 59 anos, que buscaram o serviço de forma eletiva (67% dos casos). Os diagnósticos agrupados de forma geral foram: traumas de partes moles (43%), traumas ósseos (31,6%) e síndromes compressivas (25,5%). Durante esse período, 45 pacientes (3,8%) evoluíram com SDRC. A análise estatística mostrou que a chance de desenvolver SDRC é duas vezes maior em pacientes com síndrome compressiva, especialmente a síndrome do túnel do carpo (STC), que representou a maioria dos cirurgias realizadas em nosso serviço (24%). Em 7,6% dos casos, foram realizadas duas ou mais incisões, o que triplicou a possibilidade de SDRC pósoperatória. Gênero, idade, uso de material de síntese, ou tipo de anestesia não aumentaram estatisticamente o risco de SDRC no pós-operatório. Conclusão Em suma, a incidência de SDRC é baixa, mas é importante conhecer e reconhecer os fatores de risco para a prevenção e a busca ativa no pós-operatório.

Tumoración en dorso de mano: a propósito de un caso / Tumor on the back of the hand: about a case

Spinocellular carcinoma is a tumor lesion that frequently occurs in photo-exposed areas, presenting characteristics such as keratinization, scaly areas and even ulcerations. Its potential for metastasis makes early identification and diagnosis essential in order to carry out correct treatment of said lesion. In the spectrum of spinocelullar carcinomas is Keratoacanthoma, which has been in debate about its origin and its benignity. We present the clinical evolution, treatment, results, and bibliographic review of a keratoacanthoma.

El carcinoma espinocelular es una lesión tumoral que se da frecuentemente en zonas foto-expuestas, presentando características tales como queratinización, zonas descamativas e incluso ulceraciones. Su potencial de metástasis hace imprescindible la identificación y diagnóstico precoz para poder realizar un correcto tratamiento de dicha lesión. Dentro de su espectro se encuentra el Queratoacantoma, el cual ha estado en debate sobre su origen y su benignidad. Nosotros presentamos la evolución clínica, tratamiento, resultados y revisión bibliográfica de un queratoacantoma.

Impacto de la implementación de la estrategia multimodal de la OMS para mejorar la higiene de manos en una Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos / Impact on implementation of multimodal of World Health Organization strategies to improve hand hygiene in an Intensive Care Unit

INTRODUCCIÓN: La higiene de manos (HM) es la principal medida para disminuir las IAAS, las que en las Unidades de Cuidados Intensivos (UCI) presentan una alta prevalencia. En Chile no existe información sobre el impacto de la estrategia multimodal de la OMS para la HM en adultos. El objetivo fue evaluar el impacto de la implementación de la estrategia en una UPC. METODOLOGÍA: Estudio longitudinal con evaluación pre y post-intervención, entre los años 2018 y 2021, en la UCI del Hospital del Trabajador (HT), Santiago, Chile. La implementación se evaluó con pautas de cumplimiento de HM, consumo de jabón y productos en base alcohólica (PBA). El impacto se midió con las tasas de neumonía asociada a ventilación mecánica (NAVM), infecciones del torrente sanguíneo asociadas a CVC (ITS- CVC) y del tracto urinario por CUP (ITU-CUP), y la incidencia anual de dermatitis. RESULTADOS: El cumplimiento de pautas aumentó de 91 a 96% (p < 0,05). El consumo total de productos para la HM aumentó de 0,17 a 0,31 L/día/cama y de PBA en 10%. Las tasas de IAAS pre y post-intervención fueron para NAVM de 10,3 y 8,4; ITS-CVC de 0,8 y 1,5 e ITU-CUP de 4,2 y 5,3 por 1.000 días de exposición. La incidencia anual de dermatitis disminuyó en 30% (p < 0,05). CONCLUSIONES: La implementación de la estrategia multimodal se asoció a una disminución de las tasas de NAVM y de dermatitis en la UCI del HT.

INTRODUCTION: Hand hygiene is the main measure to decrease infections related to healthcare and the Intensive Care Unit has a high prevalence. In Chile there aren't reports about the impact of the World Health Organization multimodal hand hygiene improvement strategy. AIM: To assess the implementation impact of this strategy at the ICU. METHODOLOGY: Longitudinal study with pre- and postintervention evaluation during the years 2018-2021 at ICU. The implementation was assessed against hand hygiene compliance guidelines, soap consumption and alcohol-based products. The impact was evaluated with the rates of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP), catheter related bloodstream infection (CRBSI) and catheter associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI) and the annual dermatitis incidence. RESULTS: The guidelines compliance increased from 91% to 96% (p < 0.05). The total product consumption increased from 0.17 to 0.31 Liters/day/bed. The use of alcohol-based products increased by 10%. HAI rates pre- and post-intervention were for VAP 10.3 and 8.4, CRBSI 0.8 and 1.5 and CAUTI 4.2 and 5.3. The annual dermatitis incidence decreased by 30.8% (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The strategy implementation benefited the decrease of VAP and the dermatitis prevention in ICU.

Síndrome de la mano diabética: reporte de casos / Diabetic hand syndrome: case reports

RESUMEN El síndrome de la mano diabética es una complicación poco frecuente e infradiagnosticada de la diabetes mellitus. Esta denominación se ha utilizado para describir una infección potencialmente peligrosa en la mano, la cual se caracteriza por la presencia de trastornos musculoesqueléticos debilitantes. Su diagnóstico generalmente se realiza en áreas de los trópicos; sin embargo, se han visto casos en áreas no tropicales y urbano-marginales. La fisiopatología de este síndrome aún no está clara, pues, a diferencia del pie diabético, la neuropatía periférica y la enfermedad vascular no parecen desempeñar un papel importante. Existe evidencia de que puede estar asociado a la duración de la diabetes, a un mal control metabólico y a la presencia de complicaciones microvasculares. En este artículo presentamos los casos de dos pacientes con síndrome de mano diabética. El primero se trata de una paciente de 52 años, de zona rural, con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 diagnosticada hace seis años (en mal control metabólico), a quien se le realizó la amputación del cuarto dedo con evolución posoperatoria favorable. El segundo caso es sobre un paciente varón de 60 años, proveniente de una zona urbano-marginal de Lima, con diabetes mellitus tipo 2, quien fue amputado del segundo dedo izquierdo con diagnóstico quirúrgico de necrosis más tenosinovitis. El síndrome de la mano diabética puede tener una importante repercusión clínica y producir una discapacidad permanente. Un diagnóstico precoz mejora el pronóstico, por lo que es importante realizar un examen físico minucioso de las manos en los pacientes con diabetes mellitus.

ABSTRACT Diabetic hand syndrome is a rare and underdiagnosed complication of diabetes mellitus. This term is used to describe a potentially dangerous infection of the hand, characterized by debilitating musculoskeletal disorders. Although the diagnosis is commonly made in tropical regions, cases have also been reported in non-tropical and in marginal urban areas. The pathophysiology of this syndrome remains unclear because, unlike diabetic foot, peripheral neuropathy and vascular disease do not seem to a play major role. Evidence suggests that it may be associated with the duration of diabetes, poor metabolic control and microvascular complications. In this article, we present the cases of two patients with diabetic hand syndrome. The first case involves a 52-year-old female patient from a rural area, diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus six years ago, currently in poor metabolic control. She underwent amputation of the fourth finger with a favorable postoperative course. The second case involves a 60-year-old male patient from a marginal urban area in Lima, also diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus. He underwent amputation of the left second finger with a surgical diagnosis of necrosis and tenosynovitis. Diabetic hand syndrome can have a significant clinical impact and may lead to permanent disability. Early diagnosis improves prognosis, thus the importance of performing thorough physical examinations of the hands in patients with diabetes mellitus.

Análise epidemiológica das fraturas de mão em um hospital terciário / Epidemiological analysis of hand fractures in a tertiary hospital

Introdução: O trauma de mão constitui uma epidemia, ocorrendo por diversos fatores, como acidentes de trabalho e violência urbana. Isso gera um impacto significativo por ser uma unidade anatômica vulnerável e importante na realização de atividades cotidianas e para o trabalho. Desse modo, faz-se necessária uma avaliação epidemiológica mais aprofundada no que tange, sobretudo, às fraturas de mãos, entendendo sua elevada morbidade. Método: Estudo descritivo e retrospectivo, feito por análise de prontuários de pacientes conduzidos em um hospital terciário no período de janeiro de 2018 a dezembro de 2020. Resultados: Participaram do estudo 290 pacientes, sendo 85,7% do sexo masculino e 14,3% do sexo feminino. 138 indivíduos tinham entre 20 e 39 anos, representando um total de 47,6%. 51,6% eram do interior do estado do Ceará e 48,4% eram da capital. O principal mecanismo de trauma associado às fraturas foram os acidentes de trânsito (36,4%), seguidos por acidentes de trabalho (26,9%) e ferimentos por arma de fogo (14%). Em relação aos ossos fraturados, houve uma acentuada prevalência do acometimento das falangeanas, em todas as faixas etárias, representando 210 pacientes (72,4%). Conclusão: O presente estudo corrobora com os dados presentes na literatura. Desse modo, é evidenciada a repetição de prevalência de faixa etária, principais mecanismos de trauma envolvidos, bem como ossos acometidos nas fraturas de mão.

Introduction: Hand trauma is an epidemic occurring due to several factors, such as work accidents and urban violence. This significantly impacts it as it is a vulnerable and important anatomical unit for daily activities and work. Therefore, a more in-depth epidemiological assessment is necessary regarding hand fractures and understanding their high morbidity. Method: A descriptive and retrospective study was conducted by analyzing the medical records of patients treated in a tertiary hospital from January 2018 to December 2020. Results: 290 patients participated in the study, 85.7% male and 14.3 % female. One hundred thirty-eight individuals were between 20 and 39 years old, representing 47.6%. 51.6% were from the interior of the state of Ceará, and 48.4% were from the capital. The main trauma mechanism associated with fractures was traffic accidents (36.4%), followed by work accidents (26.9%) and firearm injuries (14%). Concerning fractured bones, there was a marked prevalence of phalangeal involvement in all age groups, representing 210 patients (72.4%). Conclusion: The present study corroborates the data present in the literature. In this way, the repetition of the prevalence of age group, main trauma mechanisms involved, as well as bones affected by hand fractures is evidenced.

Perceptions of the nursing team during the covid-19 pandemic: cross-sectional study / Percepções da equipe de enfermagem durante a pandemia por covid-19: estudo transversal / Percepciones del equipo de enfermería durante la pandemia de covid-19: estudio transversal

Background and Objectives: to identify the perceptions of nursing professionals who worked during the covid-19 pandemic regarding Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs) and Hand Hygiene (HH), categorizing them by profession and region in Brazil. Method: An observational study was conducted from November 2020 to December 2021, involving 493 nursing professionals from all regions of Brazil. The Google Forms® platform, disseminated through social media was used. A questionnaire titled "Basic Questionnaire on Healthcare Professionals' Perception of Healthcare-Associated Infections and Hand Hygiene" was administered. The results were analyzed descriptively, presenting absolute and relative frequencies, divided by groups of nursing professionals (nurses, technicians, and assistants) and by regions of Brazil. Results: The results showed that 43.9% of nurses reported a significant impact of HAIs on the clinical progression of patients, whereas only 26.7% of nursing technicians and assistants shared this perception. Regarding HH, 50.8% of nurses considered a substantial effort necessary to perform it adequately, while 68.9% of nursing technicians and assistants agreed with this statement. Conclusion: most nursing professionals had a high perception of HAIs and HH, considering their profession and geographic region. These findings can contribute to the development of future strategies aimed at improving HH practices in nursing care, particularly during outbreaks of infectious diseases such as covid-19.(AU)

Justificativa e Objetivos: identificar as percepções dos profissionais de enfermagem que atuaram durante a pandemia de covid-19 em relação às Infecções Relacionadas à Assistência à Saúde (IRAS) e à Higienização das Mãos (HM), classificando-os por profissão e regiões brasileiras. Método: estudo observacional foi conduzido de novembro/2020 a dezembro/2021, com a participação de 493 profissionais de enfermagem de todas as regiões do Brasil. Utilizou-se o formulário do Google Forms®, divulgado em redes sociais. Foi aplicado um questionário intitulado "Questionário básico sobre a percepção de profissionais de saúde sobre infecções relacionadas à assistência à saúde e à higienização das mãos". Os resultados foram analisados de forma descritiva, apresentando frequências absolutas e relativas, divididos por grupos de profissionais de enfermagem (enfermeiros, técnicos e auxiliares) e por regiões do Brasil. Resultados: Os resultados mostraram que 43,9% dos enfermeiros relataram um impacto muito alto das IRAS na evolução clínica dos pacientes, enquanto apenas 26,7% dos auxiliares e técnicos de enfermagem compartilharam essa percepção. Em relação à HM, 50,8% dos enfermeiros consideraram que é necessário um grande esforço para realizá-la adequadamente, enquanto 68,9% dos auxiliares e técnicos de enfermagem concordaram com essa afirmação. Conclusão: a maioria dos profissionais de enfermagem apresentou uma alta percepção sobre HM e IRAS, levando em consideração a profissão e a região geográfica. Esses resultados podem contribuir para o desenvolvimento de estratégias futuras com o objetivo de aprimorar as práticas de HM na assistência de enfermagem, principalmente durante surtos de doenças infecciosas, como a covid-19.(AU)

Justificación y Objetivos: identificar las percepciones de los profesionales de enfermería que trabajaron durante la pandemia de COVID-19 en relación con las Infecciones Relacionadas con la Atención de la Salud (IRAS) y la Higiene de las Manos (HM), clasificándolos por profesión y región. Métodos: se llevó a cabo un estudio observacional desde noviembre/2020 hasta diciembre/2021, con la participación de 493 profesionales de enfermería de las 5 regiones de Brasil. El formulario de Google® fue difundido en redes sociales. Se aplicó un cuestionario: "Cuestionario básico sobre la percepción de los profesionales de la salud sobre infecciones relacionadas con la atención de la salud y la higiene de las manos". Los resultados se analizaron de manera descriptiva, presentando frecuencias absolutas y relativas, divididos por enfermeros, técnicos y auxiliares y por regiones. Resultados: 43,9% de los enfermeros informaron impacto muy alto de IRAS en la evolución de los pacientes, mientras que solo 26,7% de los auxiliares y técnicos compartieron esta percepción. En cuanto a la HM, 50,8% de los enfermeros consideraron que se requiere gran esfuerzo para llevarla a cabo adecuadamente, mientras que 68,9% de los auxiliares y técnicos de enfermería estuvieron de acuerdo con esta afirmación. Conclusión: la mayoría de los profesionales de enfermería tuvo una percepción alta sobre las IRAS y la HM, teniendo en cuenta la profesión y la región. Esto puede contribuir al desarrollo de estrategias para mejorar las prácticas de HM en la enfermería, especialmente durante enfermedades infecciosas como el covid-19.(AU)

Hand hygiene knowledge among nursing professionals during a pandemic: insights from a cross-sectional study in Brazil / Conhecimento sobre higiene das mãos entre profissionais de enfermagem durante uma pandemia: insights de um estudo transversal no Brasil / Conocimiento de higiene de manos entre profesionales de enfermería durante una pandemia: perspectivas de un estudio transversal en Brasil

Background and Objectives: hand hygiene (HH) is a crucial safety practice, but lack of knowledge can hinder compliance. The objective was to measure and assess the knowledge of nursing professionals who provided care during the COVID-19 pandemic regarding HH and to verify the association between HH knowledge and professional category and regions in Brazil. Methods: an observational study was conducted from November 2020 to December 2021 involving 493 nursing professionals from all regions of Brazil. Data collection was carried out using Google Forms® and social media platforms. The Hand Hygiene Knowledge Test for Healthcare Professionals was used, and results were analyzed descriptively. Pearson's chi-square test (x2) and Fisher's exact test were employed to assess associations. Results: among the participants, the majority (74.7%) had limited or subpar knowledge of HH. Nurses had a higher level of knowledge compared to nursing assistants and licensed practical nurses. Associations were found between professional category and correct answers regarding microorganism destruction time and the type of HH to be used. Conclusion: Brazilian nursing professionals had limited knowledge of HH, with nurses displaying a higher level of knowledge compared to nursing assistants and licensed practical nurse. Continuous education and guidance are necessary to improve HH practices among the nursing staff.(AU)

Justificativas e Objetivos: a higiene das mãos (HM) é uma prática crucial para a segurança, mas a falta de conhecimento pode prejudicar a adesão. Este estudo avaliou o conhecimento dos profissionais de enfermagem que prestaram cuidados durante a pandemia de Covid-19 em relação à HM e explorou a associação entre o conhecimento de HM, categoria profissional e regiões no Brasil. Métodos: um estudo observacional foi conduzido de novembro de 2020 a dezembro de 2021 envolvendo 493 profissionais de enfermagem de todas as regiões do Brasil. A coleta de dados foi realizada usando o Google Forms® e plataformas de mídia social. Foi utilizado o Teste de Conhecimento de Higiene das Mãos para Profissionais de Saúde, e os resultados foram analisados descritivamente. O teste qui-quadrado de Pearson (x2) e o teste exato de Fisher foram empregados para avaliar as associações. Resultados: entre os participantes, a maioria (74,7%) tinha conhecimento limitado ou insuficiente sobre HM. Os enfermeiros apresentaram um nível mais elevado de conhecimento em comparação com os auxiliares e técnicos de enfermagem. Foram encontradas associações entre a categoria profissional e respostas corretas sobre o tempo de destruição de microrganismos e o tipo de HM a ser utilizado. Conclusão: os profissionais de enfermagem brasileiros possuíam conhecimento limitado sobre HM, sendo que os enfermeiros apresentaram um nível mais elevado de conhecimento em comparação com os auxiliares e técnicos de enfermagem. Educação contínua e orientação são necessárias para melhorar as práticas de HM entre a equipe de enfermagem.(AU)

Justificación e Objetivos: la higiene de manos (HM) es una práctica de seguridad crucial, pero la falta de conocimiento puede dificultar el cumplimiento. Este estudio evaluó el conocimiento de los profesionales de enfermería que brindaron atención durante la pandemia de Covid-19 en relación con la HM y exploró la asociación entre el conocimiento de HM, la categoría profesional y las regiones en Brasil. Métodos: se realizó un estudio observacional desde noviembre de 2020 hasta diciembre de 2021 que incluyó a 493 profesionales de enfermería de todas las regiones de Brasil. La recopilación de datos se realizó utilizando Google Forms® y plataformas de redes sociales. Se utilizó el Test de Conocimiento de Higiene de Manos para Profesionales de la Salud, y los resultados se analizaron de manera descriptiva. Se emplearon la prueba chi-cuadrado de Pearson (x2) y la prueba exacta de Fisher para evaluar las asociaciones. Resultados: entre los participantes, la mayoría (74,7%) tenía conocimiento limitado o deficiente de HM. Las enfermeras tenían un nivel de conocimiento más alto en comparación con los auxiliares y técnicos de enfermería. Se encontraron asociaciones entre la categoría profesional y las respuestas correctas sobre el tiempo de destrucción de microorganismos y el tipo de HM que debía utilizarse. Conclusión: los profesionales de enfermería brasileños tenían un conocimiento limitado de HM, siendo que las enfermeras mostraban un nivel de conocimiento más alto en comparación con los auxiliares y técnicos de enfermería. Se requiere educación continua y orientación para mejorar las prácticas de HM entre el equipo de enfermería(AU)

Quality of life and strength, but not cytokines, are associated with DAS-28 in active and inactive rheumatoid arthritis / Qualidade de vida e força, porém não as citocinas, estão associadas ao DAS-28 em pacientes com artrite reumatoide na fase ativa e inativa

Objective: Evaluate and correlate data between relevant cytokines, disease progression, and handgrip and quality of life among RA patients at different stages of disease progression. Method: Thirty-three RA patients were recruited for analysis, using comparisons and correlations, between levels of circulating cytokines (IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-17, IL-1ß, and TNF receptors I and II), activity of the disease (evaluated using the DAS-28), handgrip (Hydraulic dynamometer), and quality of life (SF-36). Result: RA patients in different disease stages showed increases of IL-6 and IL-10 compared control group. Positive correlation between IL-6 with TNF-α, and IL-4 with IL-10 was found. Handgrip strength and quality of life were not related to cytokine levels. However, remission patients had better strength and quality of life indices compared to the active patients. In addition, handgrip of the non-dominant side, physical functions, role limitations physical health, pain, energy/fatigue and social functions have a negative correlation with the DAS28-PCR. Conclusion: High levels of IL-6 and IL-10 were observed in the chronic RA patients, but the values did not show correlation with disease activity, handgrip strength and quality of life. Disease activity show correlation with handgrip strength and quality of life. Furthermore, remission patients had better strength and quality of life indices compared to the active patients.

Objetivo: Avaliar e correlacionar dados entre citocinas relevantes, progressão da doença, preensão manual e qualidade de vida entre pacientes com AR em diferentes estágios de progressão da doença. Método: Trinta e três pacientes com AR foram recrutados para análise, por meio de comparações e correlações, entre níveis de citocinas circulantes (IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-17, IL-1ß e receptores de TNF-I e -II), atividade da doença (avaliada pelo DAS-28), preensão manual (dinamômetro hidráulico) e qualidade de vida (SF-36). Resultado: Pacientes com doença ativa e inativa apresentaram aumento de IL-6 e IL-10 comparados ao grupo controle. Foi encontrada correlação positiva entre IL-6 com TNF-α e IL-4 com IL-10. A força de preensão e a qualidade de vida não relacionaram aos níveis de citocinas. Entretanto, pacientes em remissão apresentaram melhores índices de força e qualidade de vida comparados aos pacientes com doença ativa. Além disso, preensão manual do lado não dominante, e quesitos dos SF-36, apresentam correlação negativa com o DAS28-PCR. Conclusão: Foram observados níveis elevados de IL-6 e IL-10 nos pacientes com AR crônica, mas os valores não mostraram correlação com DAS-28, força de preensão manual e SF-36. A atividade da doença apresenta correlação com força de preensão manual e qualidade de vida. Além disso, os pacientes em remissão apresentaram melhores índices de força e qualidade de vida em comparação aos pacientes ativos.

Surgical hand scrubbing in cardiac surgery teams: a microbiological analysis / Desinfección quirúrgica de las manos en los equipos de cirugía cardíaca: un análisis microbiológico / Degermação cirúrgica das mãos da equipe de cirurgia cardíaca: uma análise microbiológica

Objective: To describe the microbiota of the hands of the cardiac surgery team after surgical hand scrubbing and glove removal at the end of the surgical procedure, and to compare this with adherence to the recommended surgical scrubbing time. Method: An observational study was car-ried out at two points: after the surgical scrubbing of the cardiac surgery team's hands and after glove removal at the end of the surgical procedure. The variables analyzed included professional identification and aspects of surgical hand scrubbing. Data were collected using an observation script based on the literature. Results: Twenty professionals were observed, resulting in 40 samples. At both collection times, microorganisms from the skin's resi-dent microbiota were identified, including coagulase-negative Staphylococcus, methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus, and Bacillus sp. in 35% (7) of the surgical team. Microorganisms potentially related to surgical site infections, such as Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Proteus mirabilis were iso-lated in 25% (5) of the population studied. The risk of pathogenic microorganisms being present when surgical hand scrubbing was not carried out in the recommended time was 14.2%. Conclusion: Strategies for ensuring adherence to proper hand scrubbing technique and periodic training should be implemented to mitigate the occurrence of surgical site infections and enhance patient safety. (AU)

Objetivo: Descrever a microbiota das mãos da equipe de cirurgia cardíaca após a degermação cirúrgica das mãos e a retirada das luvas ao tér-mino do procedimento cirúrgico, e comparar com a adesão ao tempo correto de degermação cirúrgica. Método: Estudo observacional realizado em dois momentos: após degermação cirúrgica das mãos da equipe de cirurgia cardíaca e após a retirada das luvas ao término do procedimento cirúrgico. As variáveis analisadas foram de identificação dos profissionais e aspectos da degermação cirurgica das mãos. O instrumento de coleta de dados contou com um roteiro de observação, com base na literatura. Resultados: Vinte profissionais foram observados, resultando em 40 amostras. Nos dois momen-tos de coleta, foram identificados microrganismos da microbiota residente da pele, como Staphylococcus coagulase negativa, Staphylococcus aureus sensível à meticilina, Bacillus sp em 35% (7) da equipe cirúrgica. Houve isolamento de microrganismos potencialmente relacionados à infecção de sítio cirúrgico, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae e Proteus mirabilis em 25% (5) da população estudada. O risco da presença de microrganismo patogênico quando a degermação cirurgica das mãos não é realizada no tempo recomendado foi de 14,2%. Conclusão: estratégias para adesão à técnica correta e ao treina-mento periódico de degermação das mãos devem ser implementadas para mitigar a ocorrência de infecção de sítio cirúrgico e segurança do paciente. (AU)

Objectivo: Describir la microbiota de las manos del equipo de cirugía cardíaca tras el desgerminado quirúrgico de las manos y la retirada de los guantes al final del procedimiento quirúrgico, y compararla con el cumplimiento del tiempo recomendado de desgerminado quirúrgico. Método: Estudio observacional realizado en dos momentos: tras el desgerminado quirúrgico de las manos del equipo de cirugía cardíaca y tras la retirada de los guantes al final del procedimiento quirúrgico. Las variables analizadas fueron la identificación profesional y los aspectos del desgerminado quirúrgico de las manos. El instrumento de recolección de datos incluyó un guion de observación basado en la literatura. Resultados: Se observó a 20 profesionales, resultando en 40 muestras. En ambos momentos de recolección, se identificaron microorganismos de la microbiota residente de la piel, como Staphylococcus coagu-lasa-negativo, Staphylococcus aureus sensible a meticilina y Bacillus sp en el 35% (7) del equipo quirúrgico. Los microorganismos potencialmente relaciona-dos con la infección del sitio quirúrgico, como Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae y Proteus mirabilis se aislaron en el 25% (5) de la población estudiada. El riesgo de presencia de microorganismos patógenos cuando la desgerminación quirúrgica de las manos no se realiza en el tiempo recomendado fue del 14,2%. Conclusión: Se deben implementar estrategias de adherencia a la técnica correcta y entrenamientos periódicos en el desgerminado de manos para mitigar la ocurrencia de infección del sitio quirúrgico y promover la seguridad del paciente. (AU)

Frequency of hand contact with hospital surfaces in hospitalized pediatric patients / Frecuencia de contacto de manos de pacientes pediátricos hospitalizados

Abstract Background: Hand hygiene (HH) is an important strategy for preventing health-care-associated infections (HAIs). Few programs focus on HH for family members and primary caregivers but fewer for patients. This study aimed to estimate the frequency with which hospitalized pediatric patients have hand contact with hospital surfaces. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional descriptive observational study consisting of three phases: the first was the creation of an observation and data collection tool, the second was the training of the monitors, and the third was the observational study of hand contact and HH opportunities in hospitalized pediatric patients. Results: Over 3600 minutes of observation, 2032 HH opportunities were detected, averaging 33.8/h (SD 4.7) as determined by hand contact with hospital surfaces of hospitalized pediatric patients. In our study, infants and preschool children had the highest frequency of hand contact. Conclusion: The high frequency of hand contact of hospital surfaces by children suggests that hourly hand disinfection of patients and caregivers, objects and surfaces around the patients may be prevention measures that could be incorporated to reduce HAIs in pediatric hospitals.

Resumen Introducción: La higiene de manos es una estrategia importante para la prevención de infecciones asociadas a la atención sanitaria. Existen pocos programas centrados en la higiene de manos para los familiares y cuidadores primarios, y aún menos para el paciente. El objetivo de este estudio fue cuantificar la frecuencia con la que los pacientes pediátricos hospitalizados tienen contacto manual con superficies hospitalarias. Métodos: Se llevó a cabo un estudio observacional descriptivo transversal que constó de tres fases: la primera fue la creación de una herramienta de observación y registro de datos; la segunda fue la capacitación de los monitores y la tercera fue el estudio observacional del contacto manual y de las oportunidades de higiene de manos en pacientes pediátricos hospitalizados. Resultados: Durante los 3600 minutos de observación, se detectaron 2032 oportunidades, con una media de 33.8 (DE 4.7) por hora de oportunidades de higiene de manos establecidas por contacto manual con superficies de pacientes pediátricos hospitalizados. Los lactantes y los niños en edad preescolar presentaron la mayor frecuencia de contacto manual. Conclusiones: La alta frecuencia de contacto manual por parte del niño indica que medidas como la desinfección de las manos cada hora del paciente y del cuidador, así como de los objetos y superficies alrededor del paciente, podrían ser medidas útiles que deberían incluirse para prevenir las infecciones asociadas a la atención de la salud en los hospitales pediátricos.

Hand Hygiene indicators and strategies in Medical Day Care in Salvador, BA / Indicadores y estrategias de Higiene de las Manos en Centros de Día / Indicadores e estratégias da higiene das mãos em Hospital Dia

Objective: To analyze hand hygiene (HH) adherence indicators among healthcare professionals in a medical day care (MDC) and present strategies used to encourage this practice. Method: A cross-sectional and descriptive study was conducted in an MDC located in Salvador, Bahia. Data collection consisted of document analysis and internal audit data on HH practice from 2016 to 2023. Results: HH adherence rates ranged from 39.4 to 81.4%, with an average of 63.9%. Among the evaluated healthcare professionals, nurses showed the highest HH adherence (74.3%), followed by nursing technicians (71.1%) and physicians (50%). Multimodal strategies to encourage HH in this service included HH training, with systematic evaluation con-ducted by nursing coordinators. Conclusion: The HH adherence rates presented are higher than those reported in the literature but below the standar-dized goal of 70% in the MDC studied, confirming that the implementation of this apparently simple practice is a complex, multi-causal issue that requi-res coordination between management policies as well as scientific knowledge in building a culture in favor of this practice in healthcare organizations. (AU)

Objetivo: Analizar los indicadores de adherencia a la higiene de las manos (HM) entre profesionales de la salud de un hospital de día (HD) y pre-sentar las estrategias utilizadas para incentivar esa práctica. Método: Investigación transversal y descriptiva, realizada en un HD ubicado en Salvador, Bahía. La recolección de datos consistió en el análisis documental y de los datos de las auditorías internas de la práctica de HM entre 2016 y 2023. Resultados:Se identificaron porcentajes de adherencia a la HM que oscilaron entre el 39,4% y el 81,4%, con un promedio de 63,9%. De los profesionales de la salud evaluados, los enfermeros presentaron la mayor adherencia a la HM (74,3%), seguidos de los técnicos de enfermería (71,1%) y los médicos (50%). Las estrategias multimodales para estimular la HM adoptadas en este servicio incluyeron la capacitación en HM, con evaluación sistemática realizada por los coordinadores de enfermería. Conclusión: Los porcentajes de adherencia a la HM presentados aquí son superiores a los reportados en la literatura, pero están por debajo del objetivo del 70% estandarizado en el HD estudiado, lo que confirma que la implementación de esta práctica, aparentemente simple, es un tema complejo, multicausal y que requiere articulación entre las políticas de gestión, así como conocimiento científico en la construcción de una cultura a favor de esta práctica en las organizaciones de salud. (AU)

Objetivo: Analisar indicadores de adesão à higienização das mãos (HM) dos profissionais de saúde de um hospital dia (HD) e apresentar estra-tégias utilizadas para incentivo dessa prática. Método: Pesquisa transversal e descritiva realizada em um HD localizado em Salvador, Bahia. A coleta de dados constou de análise documental e dos dados das auditorias internas da prática de HM entre 2016 e 2023. Resultados: Identificaram-se percentuais de adesão à HM de 39,4 a 81,4% e média de 63,9%. Dos profissionais de saúde avaliados, os enfermeiros apresentaram a maior adesão à HM (74,3%), seguidos dos técnicos de Enfermagem (71,1%) e dos médicos (50%). As estratégias multimodais para incentivo à HM adotadas nesse serviço incluíram habilitação em HM, com avaliação sistematizada realizada pelas coordenações de Enfermagem. Conclusão: Os percentuais de adesão à HM apresenta-dos são maiores do que os reportados na literatura, mas abaixo da meta de 70% padronizada no HD estudado, ratificando que a implementação dessa prática, aparentemente simples, é tema complexo, multicausal e que requer articulação entre as políticas de gestão, bem como conhecimento científico na construção de uma cultura em prol dessa prática nas organizações de saúde. (AU)

Functions of HIV-1 Tat and its association with diseases / 中国生物制品学杂志

@#Acquired immune deficiency syndrome,or AIDS,has been a major infectious disease that troubles the public health in a global scale. Human immunodeficiency virus type 1(HIV-1)is the causative reagent responsible for AIDS development. Even though the highly active anti-retroviral therapy(HAART,or the cocktail therapy)that has been widely applied could effectively suppress the infection and replication of HIV-1,the infected people suffer from other related diseases,such as the HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder(HAND). This paper mainly focused on the function of an important regulatory protein of HIV-1,trans-activator of transcription(Tat),and its correlation with HIV-1 replication and HAND development,so as to clarify the importance of developing anti-AIDS drugs targeting Tat protein

Epidemiological and etiological characteristics of hand,foot and mouth disease in Honghe Prefecture,Yunnan Province from 2013 to 2021 / 中国生物制品学杂志

@#Objective To analyze the epidemiological and etiological characteristics of hand,foot and mouth disease(HFMD)in Honghe Prefecture,Yunnan Province from 2013 to 2021,and provide basis for the development of prevention and control strategies for HFMD. Methods The case data of HFMD in Honghe Prefecture,Yunnan Province from 2013 to2021 were extracted from the“China Disease Prevention and Control Information System”. Descriptive epidemiological analysis method was used to analyze the incidence rate,severe rate,mortality rate. The nucleic acids of enterovirus-A71(EV-A71)and Coxsackievirus-A16(CV-A16)were detected by Real-time PCR in throat swabs,anal swabs or stool samples from 16 586 cases of HFMD,and the etiological characteristics were analyzed. Results A total of 78 356 cases of HFMD were reported from 2013 to 2021 in Honghe Prefecture,Yunnan Province,with 354 severe cases and 11 deaths. The average annual incidence rate of HFMD was 187. 47/100 000,with an upward trend from 2013 to 2015,and reached the first peak in 2015,which showed a downward trend from 2016 to 2017,while increased,reached the second peak,and then gradually decreased and tended to be flat in 2018. The severe and death rates have been declining since 2015. The age group of 0～7 years old showed high incidence,which accounted for 97. 85%(76 670/78 356)of the total incidence,and the average annual incidence of 1～2 years old group was the highest(4 397. 98/100 000). Generally,the time distribution showed a bimodal distribution,which were from April to July(summer peak)and from October to December(autumn peak),and the peak in summer was higher than that in autumn. The number of cases and severe cases in males were significantly higher than those in females（χ~2= 1 154. 436 and 5. 183,respectively,each P < 0. 05）. The average annual incidence and severe rate in the northern part of Honghe Prefecture were significantly higher than those in the southern part（χ~2= 18 573. 742 and 11. 036,respectively,each P < 0. 05）. Among 16 586 HFMD cases,EV-A71,CV-A16 and other enteroviruses accounted for 18. 71%,20. 38% and 60. 91% of cases,respectively,with significant difference（χ~2= 5 426. 965,P < 0. 05）. The dominant pathogen was EV-A71 in 2013 and 2015,while CV-A16 in 2014,and other enteroviruses became the dominant pathogens in 2016 — 2021. Conclusion The epidemic trend of HFMD in Honghe Prefecture,Yunnan Province from 2013 to 2021 was seasonal and regional,with children under the age of 7 being the key population,and other enteroviruses have become the dominant pathogens after 2016. HFMD prevention and control knowledge publicity should be strengthened,good hygiene habits should be advocated,and parents' awareness of disease prevention should be raised. EV-A71 vaccination should be strengthened to reduce EV-A71 infection and effectively prevent severe cases and deaths.

Effect of hand hygiene intervention on healthcare-associated case infection incidence from 2014 to 2022 / 中国感染控制杂志

Objective To observe the effect of multi-modal hand hygiene(HH)intervention on HH compliance,as well as the relationship between HH compliance and the healthcare-associated(HA)case infection incidence.Methods From 2014 to 2022,the infection control team in a tertiary first-class hospital implemented multi-modal HH intervention for health care workers(HCWs).The changing trend of HH monitoring data,the correlation be-tween HH compliance rate and HA case infection incidence were analyzed retrospectively.Results The consump-tion of HH products in the wards showed a stable upward trend;HH compliance rate increased from 64.98％in 2014 to 85.01％in 2022(P＜0.001),and HA case infection incidence decreased from 1.21％to 0.83％(P＜0.05).HH compliance rate was negatively correlated with HA case infection incidence(r=-0.369,P=0.027).HH compliance rates in different regions and job posts in each quarter were increased(P＜0.001).For 5 different HH moments in each quarter,HH compliance rate fluctuated slightly before sterile manipulation and after touching patient;presented rising trend after touching surroundings around patient,and decreased before touching patient and after touching patient's body fluid since 2020(P＜0.001).Conclusion Multi-modal HH intervention can im-prove the HH compliance of HCWs,improving their HH awareness is conducive to reducing HA case infection incidence.

Correction between hand hygiene product consumption and hand hygiene compliance in intensive care units of 74 medical institutions in Shanghai / 中国感染控制杂志

Objective To understand the consumption of hand hygiene(HH)products and HH compliance in in-tensive care units(ICUs)of secondary and higher grade medical institutions(MIs)in Shanghai,and provide basis for further monitoring of HH among health care workers(HCWs).Methods Through healthcare-associated infec-tion surveillance system,the consumption of HH products and HH compliance in ICUs from secondary and higher grade MIs in Shanghai in 2017-2021 were analyzed.Results 105 ICUs from 74 MIs were included in analysis,the average consumption of HH products was 79.24(44.88-258.63)mL/(bed·day),with statistically significant difference among different types of ICUs(P＜0.001).The average consumption of HH products increased from 65.75 mL/(bed·day)in 2017 to 87.55 mL/(bed·day)in 2021,showing an increasing trend year by year(P＜0.001).HCWs'HH compliance rate was 82.13％,with the highest in nurses(86.59％)and the lowest(48.90％)in medical technicians,HH compliance rates of HCWs of different occupations were statistically significant different(P＜0.001).Among the implementation modes of HH,39.86％used running water for hand washing,42.27％used alcohol-based hand rub to wipe hands,13.22％didn't take HH measures,and 4.65％didn't take HH mea-sures when wearing gloves,with statistically significant differences among different HH implementation modes of HCWs(P＜0.001).There was a positive correlation between the average consumption of HH products per bed·day and HCWs'HH compliance rate(r=0.703,P＜0.05).Conclusion The average consumption of HH products per bed·day and HH compliance rate of HCWs in ICUs in Shanghai presents an increasing trend year by year.There are differences in the average consumption of HH products per bed·day and HH compliance rate among different types of ICUs.The implementation of HH can be evaluated by continuously surveillance on the average consumption of HH products per bed·day.

Compliance and correctness of hand hygiene of health care workers in intensive care units of a tertiary first-class hospital / 中国感染控制杂志

Objective To study the compliance and correctness of hand hygiene(HH)of staff in intensive care units(ICUs)of a tertiary first-class hospital,and provide theoretical basis for HH intervention.Methods In April 2023,staff in 17 ICUs of this hospital were performed on-site survey by infection control staff,and monitoring forms about HH compliance and correctness were filled out.Results A total of 874 HH opportunities were ob-served with the concealed observation method,501 HH opportunities were implemented,the compliance rate was 57.32％,273 HH opportunities were correctly implemented,with an correct rate of 54.49％.The compliance and correct rate of HH among staff in different ICUs varied significantly.Compliance and correct rates of HH among staff with different jobs were statistically different:HH compliance rate of cleaners(31.97％)was lower than that of nurses(63.83％),doctors(58.77％)and other personnel(58.14％);HH correct rate of cleaners(30.77％)was lower than that of nurses(58.17％).The causes for not implementing HH among staff with different jobs and at different HH opportunities were statistically different:the rate of not implementing any HH measures after con-tact with patients(84.75％)was higher than before contact with patients(41.27％),before clean and sterile ma-nipulation(30.00％),as well as after contact with blood and body fluid(45.45％).The rate of not implementing any HH measures after contact with the patient's surrounding environment(66.67％)was higher than before con-tact with patient as well as before clean and sterile manipulation.The rates of incomplete HH steps and insufficient HH time among staff with different jobs were statistically different:The rates of incomplete HH steps of other per-sonnel(82.35％)was higher than that of doctors(52.63％).The rates of insufficient HH time of doctors(82.46％)and nurses(78.18％)were higher than that of cleaners(51.85％).Conclusion The implementation of HH among different occupational groups and at different HH implementation opportunities in ICU is significantly different,which should be intervened based on their characteristics.

Effect of recombinant bovine basic fibroblast growth factor gel combined with silver ion dressing on the donor site in patients with hand trauma undergoing skin grafting / 中国基层医药

Objective:To investigate the efficacy of combined repair therapy using recombinant bovine basic fibroblast growth factor (R-bFGF) gel and silver ion dressing on the donor site of patients with hand trauma undergoing skin grafting.Methods:Eighty patients with hand trauma who underwent skin grafting at Lishui Central Hospital between October 2020 and October 2021 were enrolled in this study. Using a simple random grouping method, the patients were randomly assigned to a control group and an observation group in a 1:1 ratio, with 40 patients in each group. The control group received conventional vaseline gauze treatment, while the observation group was treated with a combination of R-bFGF gel and silver ion dressing. After 2 weeks of treatment, the repair effects of both groups were evaluated. Before and after treatment, the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC) scores and Visual Analog Scale (VAS) scores were compared between the control and observation groups. Additionally, wound healing time, granulation tissue growth time, wound epithelium formation time, and dressing change times as well as total active motion of the fingers were evaluated and compared between the two groups.Results:The repair effect in the observation group was significantly superior to that in the control group ( Z = 4.92, P < 0.05). Furthermore, the recovery of hand function in the observation group was notably better than that in the control group ( Z = 4.31, P < 0.05). The CD-RISC score in the observation group was significantly higher than that in the control group [(77.54 ± 11.35) points vs. (70.61 ± 9.72) points, t = 2.93, P < 0.05]. Additionally, the VAS score, wound healing time, granulation tissue growth time, wound epithelium formation time, and dressing change times in the observation group were significantly lower or fewer than those in the control group [(4.95 ± 1.13) points vs. (5.52 ± 1.24) points, (10.43 ± 1.65) days vs. (15.54 ± 1.71) days, (7.42 ± 2.35) days vs. (11.56 ± 2.71) days, (10.25 ± 2.47) days vs. (12.82 ± 2.64) days, and (2.12 ± 0.63) times vs. (3.35 ± 0.86) times, t = -2.15, -13.60, -7.30, -4.50, -7.30, all P < 0.05]. Conclusion:The combined use of R-bFGF gel and silver ion dressing effectively enhances the repair outcomes of skin donor sites, thereby improving the psychological well-being and reducing pain perception in patients with hand trauma. This therapeutic approach markedly promotes the prognosis and functional recovery of these patients, offering valuable clinical reference for the treatment of hand injuries.