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Resumen:El Trauma Cráneo Encefálico (TCE) tiene hoy en día una incidencia muy alta de morbilidad y mortalidad en nuestra población, por lo que es de suma importancia esclarecer los conceptos básicos de las lesiones producidas por el TCE, su cronología y el pronóstico de dichos traumas. Este artículo se basa en identificar las lesiones primarias y secundarias más frecuentes y las características más importantes de cada una de ellas, así como describir los mecanismos de trauma frecuentemente implicados.
Abstract:The Brain Trauma (TCE) has a very high incidence of morbidity and mortality in its population today, so it is very important to clarify the basic concepts of the injuries produced by the TCE, its timing and the prognosis of these traumas. This article is based on identifying the most frequent primary and secondary lesions and the most important characteristics of each, as well as describing the mechanisms of trauma frequently involved
Тема - темы
Humans , Male , Female , Head Injuries, Closed , Coroners and Medical Examiners , Diffuse Axonal Injury , Brain Injuries, Traumatic , Forensic Medicine , Craniocerebral Trauma , Hematoma, Epidural, Cranial , Hematoma, SubduralРеферат
Childhood obesity increases the risk of morbidity and mortality in adulthood. The epidemic of childhood obesity has become an important public health issue in Korea. Currently, the overall prevalence of obesity among Korean children and adolescents is approximately 10%, which is 5 times higher than in the late 1970s. In most cases, a positive energy balance (from excessive calorie intake and limited physical activity) combined with a genetic predisposition is considered the major cause of childhood obesity. The evaluation of obese children should focus on possible causes of weight gain, including lifestyle factors and underlying endocrine or genetic abnormalities. The assessment of obesity-related comorbidities, such as hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, hypertension, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, is often needed in obese children, especially those who have a family history of comorbidities. Family-based lifestyle interventions including goal-setting, guidelines for eating habits and physical activity, self-monitoring, and stimulus control are fundamental to the management of childhood obesity. Medications and bariatric surgery are possible choices for patients with severe obesity and comorbidities, although the data on the long-term efficacy and safety of these treatments are limited. This article reviews practical assessments and interventions for childhood obesity.
Тема - темы
Adolescent , Child , Humans , Bariatric Surgery , Comorbidity , Dyslipidemias , Eating , Genetic Predisposition to Disease , Hyperglycemia , Hypertension , Korea , Life Style , Mortality , Motor Activity , Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease , Obesity , Obesity, Morbid , Pediatric Obesity , Prevalence , Public Health , Weight GainРеферат
OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for improving the national assessment programs of sampling and testing policy. METHODS:Questionnaire was designed to investigate the drug manufacturers’attitude and suggestions to the national assessment programs of sampling and testing policy;SPSS 18.0 software was adopted to analyze the data;a reliability analysis was conducted for the 17 variables in the table;and a principal component analysis was conducted for the topics with strong correlation. RE-SULTS:A total of 340 questionnaires were sent out,314 were effectively received with the effective rate of 92%. the total internal consistency reliability coefficient Alpha was 0.92;the awareness coefficient of enterprise on the evaluation of sampling and testing was 9.78;4.24 enterprises were relatively agree the evaluation of sampling and testing;the attitude coefficient of enterprise on the improvement of evaluation of sampling and testing was 13.39;and the average score of enterprise on the overall satisfaction scoring was 8.73. CONCLUSIONS:The drug enterprises show high overall recognition for the national assessment programs of sampling and testing policy,and willing to cooperate with the development,and hoping the policy can be improved.
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En el presente trabajo se exponen algunas consideraciones de los autores sobre la pesquisa activa. Se tratan los antecedentes en nuestro país, el concepto de pesquisa activa, sus dimensiones técnica, económica y ética, y se analizan los principios éticos de toda pesquisa. Se presentan los diferentes tipos de pesquisas y las características que debe tener toda prueba o examen de pesquisa, así como la interrelación de esta con el diagnóstico temprano. Se presentan los criterios que debe reunir una enfermedad para ser sometida a un programa de pesquisa. También se exponen los problemas de salud que reúnen los requisitos necesarios para ser pesquisados. Por último, se hacen las conclusiones sobre la aplicación de pesquisas, y se insiste en que estas deben descansar fundamentalmente en la exploración clínica, así como estar integradas o formar parte de los programas de salud vigentes y ser congruentes con las evidencias científicas disponibles. Se realizan también recomendaciones sobre los principios que deben regir en las pesquisas basadas en investigaciones paraclínicas.
In present paper are exposed some authors considerations on the active inquiry. Included are the backgrounds in our country, the concept on active inquiry, its technical, economic, and ethical dimension and the inquiry ethical principles are analyzed. Authors present the different criteria of the inquiries as well as the features related to all test or examination of the inquiry and its interrelationship with the early diagnosis. Also are exposed the health problems fulfilling the requirement necessary to be inquired. Finally, we conclude on inquiries applications, and it is emphasized that they must to be based mainly in clinical exploration, as well as its integration or be part of health programs in use and to be consistent with available scientific evidences. We recommend on principles essential in inquiries based on paraclinical researches.
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Objetivo: caracterizar aspectos del nivel de preparación, conocimiento actual y tratamiento de los factores de riesgo laboral en el proceso de dispensarización que realizan los residentes venezolanos de Medicina General Integral del Estado de Barinas. Métodos: se utilizaron métodos teóricos, empíricos y procedimientos estadísticos. Se aplicó una encuesta al universo de residentes de Medicina General Integral (65 médicos) para determinar el nivel de preparación previa y conocimientos sobre riesgo laboral y su aplicación en el proceso de dispensarización de su comunidad. Se revisaron los informes de Diagnóstico y Análisis de la Situación de Salud a partir de una guía diseñada al efecto, para evaluar el tratamiento del riesgo laboral en la determinante de salud medio ambiente. Además, se entrevistó, de forma individual, a 5 médicos venezolanos considerados como expertos. Resultados: el 73,9 % de los residentes no trataron los factores de riesgo laboral en el Diagnóstico y Análisis de la Situación de Salud, lo que demuestra una marcada insuficiencia en los conocimientos adquiridos en los estudios de pregrado. Se clasifica de manera correcta a la población trabajadora según grupo dispensarial, sin embargo, el 83,1 % de los médicos no realizan de forma adecuada la evaluación de la dispensarización, y resultan escasas las acciones de promoción de salud y prevención de enfermedades. Conclusiones: el tratamiento de los factores de riesgo laboral en el proceso de dispensarización es insuficiente, condicionado por el escaso nivel de preparación y conocimiento que tienen los residentes, aspectos que pueden ser superados a partir del desarrollo del programa de especialización en Medicina General Integral.
Objective: To characterize the features of training level, current knowledge and treatment of working risk factors in the medical assessment made by Venezuelan residents of Integral General Medicine un Barinas State. Methods: Theoretical, empirical and statistic procedures were used. A survey was applied among the residents of integral general medicine (65 physicians) to determine the previous training level and the knowledges on the working risk and its application in medical assessment in their community. Reports of Diagnosis and Analysis of Health Situation were reviewed from the designed guide to assess the working risk treatment in the determinant health-environment. Also, five experienced Venezuelan physicians were polled. Results: The working risk factors were not approached in the Diagnosis and Analysis of Health Situation by the 73,9% of residents, demonstrating a marked lack of the knowledges acquired during pregraduate studies. Working population was classified in a appropriate way according the medical assessment, however, the 83,1% of physicians don't do properly this assessment and there is a lack of health promotion and diseases prevention actions. Conclusions: Treatment of working risk factors in the medical assessment process is insufficient due to the scarce training level and knowledge of residents, features that may be overcome from the development of the specialization program in integral general medicine.
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Se plantea con frecuencia en el argot popular que cada embarazo hace perder un diente y aunque todos los profesionales de la estomatología consideramos esta frase falsa, existen muchos factores que en la embarazada influyen desfavorablemente que la pueden hacer susceptible a contraer caries o periodontopatías. Se pretende con este trabajo identificar los aspectos más importantes a señalar durante esta etapa en cuanto manifestaciones clínicas, factores desfavorables desencadenantes de enfermedades bucales y de la organización de los servicios mediante exàmenes clínicos y encuestas realizadas a un grupo de embarazadas que reciben atención en la Facultad de Estomatología Raúl Gonzàlez Sànchez. Conclusiones de interés se obtuvieron al encontrar que existieron algunas dificultades en la atención estomatológica a las embarazadas que estuvieron dadas fundamentalmente por problemas inherentes a las pacientes, como los cuadros eméticos frecuentes y la ingestión de alimentos azucarados los cuales actuaron en detrimento de la salud bucal de las mismas. La gingivitis resultó ser la afección bucal mas frecuente en nuestro estudio(AU)
In argot frequently it is posed that in each pregnancy a tooth is lost, and although all Odontology professionals consider that this phrase if wrong, there are many factors that in pregnant influenced in a unfavorable way being sensitive to has caries or periodontal disease, which include them in a priority group of our health area, the aim of present paper is to identify the more important features to point out during this stage as regards the clinical manifestations, unfavorable factors triggering oral diseases and the services organization by clinical examinations and surveys conducted in a group of pregnant receiving care in Raúl Gonzàlez Sànchez Odontology Faculty. We conclude that there are come difficulties during the stomatologic care to pregnant caused mainly by inherent problems acted to the detriment of its hygiene health, the gingivitis was the oral affection more found in study group(AU)