Substance use and adolescent mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil: a longitudinal approach

Abstract Objective: To describe the changes in alcohol and drug use by Brazilian adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic (April-August 2021), and to analyze the relationship between alcohol use changes and psychiatric symptomatology. Methods: A secondary analysis with a longitudinal approach was performed with data from a cluster-randomized controlled trial, conductedin73publicmiddleschoolsinthreeBrazilian cities, to evaluate the effectiveness of a drug use prevention program. The sample included 535 students (61% girls; Mage = 15.2 years). Data were collected pre-intervention (February-March 2019), after 9 months (November-December 2019), and after 26 months (April-August 2021), when the students were in their first year of high school. The authors analyzed drug use prevalence (alcohol, binge drinking, tobacco, inhalants, marijuana, cocaine, and crack) in a lifetime, past year, and past month periods, and the association between alcohol use change subsamples with psychiatric symptoms. Logistic regressions were adjusted by sex, age, socioeconomic status, city, and group (control and intervention). Results: The present findings suggest that the COVID-19 pandemic led to a decrease in past-year substance use and in past-month substance use frequency, despite the gradually increased (but decelerating) prevalence of lifetime use. However, some adolescents initiated, maintained, or increased the frequency of their alcohol use. Mainly, they were more likely to present behavioral problems, as well as symptoms of inattentive hyperactivity, and peer and emotional problems. Conclusions: Despite the extensive decline in substance use during the pandemic period, these results suggest an association between previous mental health conditions and behavioral risk factors, leading to increased alcohol consumption and behavioral disorders manifestations.

Atenção hospitalar em saúde mental no Rio Grande do Norte: contribuições do planejamento e avaliação em saúde / Atención hospitalaria en salud mental en Rio Grande do Norte: aportes de la planificación y evaluación en salud / Hospital mental health care in Rio Grande do Norte: contributions of health planning and evaluation

Introdução: O componente hospitalar da Rede de Atenção Psicossocial preconiza o fechamento progressivo de hospitais psiquiátricos e a implementação de leitos de saúde mental em hospital geral, capazes de fornecer atendimento para os casos agudos que necessitem de internação de forma articulada com os demais pontos de atenção da rede. Objetivo: Diante disso, o objetivo do presente artigo foi analisar a distribuição do número de leitos de atenção hospitalar em saúde mental no Rio Grande do Norte entre 2012 e 2022 e apresentar uma proposta de planejamento e avaliação para fortalecer a Rede de Atenção Psicossocial do estado. Metodologia: Trata-se de um estudo ecológico realizado no estado do Rio Grande do Norte, Brasil, no período de 2012 a 2022, usando dados secundários sobre as internações, seguido de um estudo propositivo com base em referências de planejamento e avaliação em saúde. Resultados: Observa-se uma redução do número de leitos psiquiátricos ao longo do tempo, mas que não se mostra suficiente e não se traduz em um crescimento satisfatório de leitos de saúde mental em hospital geral. Foram propostas cinco ações com o intuito de fortalecer a Rede de Atenção Psicossocial através da implantação e qualificação de leitos de saúde mental em hospitais gerais. Conclusão: Conclui-se que o movimento de constituição do componente hospitalar da Rede de Atenção Psicossocial do Rio Grande do Norte tem se apresentado em movimento irregular e o número de leitos de saúde mental em hospital geral é insuficiente. Espera-se que as intervenções e avaliações sugeridas possam contribuir para subsidiar importantes encaminhamentos no âmbito das políticas públicas de saúde mental do Rio Grande do Norte, Brasil (AU).

Introduction: The hospital component of the Psychosocial Care Network (PCN) advocates the progressive closure of psychiatric hospitals and the implementation of mental health beds in general hospitals, capable of providing care for acute cases that require hospitalization in conjunction with other network attention points. Objective: In view of this, the objective of this article was to analyze the quantitative distribution of hospital mental health care beds in Rio Grande do Norte between 2012 and 2022 and present a planning and evaluation proposal to strengthen the state's PCN. Methodology: This is an ecological study carried out in the state of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil, from 2012 to 2022 using secondary data on hospitalizations, followed by a proactive study based on health planning and evaluation references. Results:There has been a reduction in the number of psychiatric beds over time, but not sufficient andnot translated into a satisfactory growth in mental health beds in general hospitals. Five actions were proposed with the aim of strengthening the PCN through the implementation and qualification of mental health beds in general hospitals.Conclusion: It is concluded that the movement to establish the hospital component of PCN in Rio Grande do Norte has been irregular and the number of mental health beds in general hospitals is insufficient. It is expected that the suggested interventions and evaluations may contribute to supporting important developments within the scope of public mental health policies in Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil (AU).

Introducción: El componente hospitalario de la Red de Atención Psicosocial (RAPS) aboga por el cierre progresivo de los hospitales psiquiátricos y la implementación de camas de salud mental en los hospitales generales, capaces de brindar atención a casos agudos que requieran hospitalización en conjunto con otros puntos de atención de la red. Objetivo:Ante esto, el objetivo de este artículo fue analizar la distribución del número de camas hospitalarias de atención a la salud mental en Rio Grande do Norte entre 2012 y 2022 y presentar una propuesta de planificación y evaluación para fortalecer el RAPS del Estado. Metodología:Se trata de un estudio ecológico realizado en el Estado de Rio Grande do Norte, Brasil, de 2012 a 2022, utilizando datos secundarios sobre hospitalizaciones, seguido de un estudio propositivo basado en referencias de planificación y evaluación de la salud. Resultados:Hay una reducción en el número de camas psiquiátricas a lo largo del tiempo, pero esto no es suficiente y no se traduce en un crecimiento satisfactorio de camas de salud mental en los hospitales generales. Se propusieron cinco acciones con el objetivo de fortalecer el RAPS a través de la implementación y habilitación de camas de salud mental en hospitales generales. Conclusión:Se concluye que el movimiento para establecer el componente hospitalario del RAPS en Rio Grande do Norte ha sido irregular y el número de camas de salud mental en un hospital general es insuficiente. Se espera que las intervenciones y evaluaciones sugeridas puedan contribuir a apoyar derivaciones importantes dentro del alcance de las políticas públicas de salud mental en Rio Grande do Norte, Brasil (AU).

Maria Aparecida Minzoni e a Enfermagem Psiquiátrica / Maria Aparecida Minzoni and Psychiatric Nursing / Maria Aparecida Minzoni y la Enfermería Psiquiátrica

Objetivo: Analisar a biografia e a contribuição de Maria Aparecida Minzoni para a Enfermagem Psiquiátrica. Métodos: Estudo no campo da História, tendo a História da Enfermagem como domínio e a Biografia como abordagem. Resultados: Maria Aparecida Minzoni (1936­1981), graduou-se enfermeira, em 1958, pela Escola de Enfermagem de Ribeirão Preto da Universidade de São Paulo, onde desenvolveu sua carreira de docente/pesquisadora. Doutorou-se em 1972, Livre-Docente em 1975 e Professor Titular em 1980. Suas ideias inovadoras para a atenção de enfermagem ao portador de transtorno mental antecedem a reforma psiquiátrica. Ocupou vários cargos representando a enfermagem psiquiátrica e a saúde mental, foi consultora da Organização Pan-Americana da Saúde (OPAS), em 1973. Considerações Finais: Buscava a valorização do ensino de profissionais de enfermagem em saúde mental. Teve participação importante na consolidação da pós-graduação em enfermagem no Brasil, participando da criação do terceiro programa de Mestrado e do primeiro Programa de Doutorado em Enfermagem.

Objective: To analyze Maria Aparecida Minzoni`s biography and contributions of Psychiatric Nursing. Methods: Study in the field of History, with the History of Nursing as the domain and Biography as the approach. Results: Maria Aparecida Minzoni (1936­1981) finished her undergraduate course in 1958 as a nurse, from the University of São Paulo at Ribeirão Preto College of Nursing, where years later she developed her teaching/research career. She received her doctorate in 1972, became an Associate Professor in 1975 and Full Professor in 1980. Her innovative ideas for nursing care for people with mental disorders preceded the psychiatric reform. She held several positions representing psychiatric nursing and mental health and was a consultant for the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) in 1973. Final Considerations: she sought to enhance the teaching of nursing professionals in mental health. She played an important role in the consolidation of postgraduate nursing in Brazil, participating in the creation of the third Master's program and the first Doctorate Program in Nursing.

Objetivo: Analizar la biografía y contribución de María Aparecida Minzoni a la Enfermería Psiquiátrica. Métodos: Es un estudio en el campo de la Historia, considerando a la Historia de la Enfermería como dominio y a la Biografía, como enfoque. Resultados: María Aparecida Minzoni (1936­1981) se recibió de enfermera en 1958, en la Escola de Enfermagem de Ribeirão Preto de la Universidade de São Paulo, donde desarrolló su carrera de docente/investigadora. Se doctoró en 1972, obtuvo el Libre-Docente, en 1975 y la cátedra en 1980. Sus ideas innovadoras sobre los cuidados de enfermería a personas con trastornos mentales anteceden a la reforma psiquiátrica. Ocupó diversos cargos representando a la enfermería psiquiátrica y a la salud mental y fue consultora de la Organización Panamericana de la Salud (OPS) en 1973. Consideraciones Finales: Buscó valorizar la enseñanza de los profesionales de enfermería en salud mental. Desempeñó un papel importante en la consolidación de los estudios de postgrado de enfermería en Brasil y participó en la creación del tercer programa de Maestría y del primer Programa de Doctorado en Enfermería.

O acolhimento singular e o cuidado contínuo após a tentativa de suicídio: a contribuição do Centro de Atenção Psicossocial Infantojuvenil / The singular reception and continuous care after the suicide attempt: the contribution of Psychosocial Care Center of Children and Youth / La acogida singular y la atención continuada tras el intento de suicidio: la aportación del Centro de Atención Psicosocial a la Infancia y la Adolescencia

INTRODUÇÃO: O suicídio ainda é marcado por diversos estigmas e preconceitos que dificultam a compreensão desse problema de saúde pública, impedindo assim a percepção de fatores que possam ser de risco ou de proteção em casos de tentativa de tirar a própria vida. Por isso, a busca de informações pode ser de grande valia no entendimento e permite a criação de estratégias de cuidado desse sujeito em sofrimento psíquico. OBJETIVO: Discutir os processos de cuidado e acolhimento de pessoas em sofrimento mental, devido a tentativa de suicídio, sob a perspectiva de uma estagiária de Psicologia de um Centro de Atenção Psicossocial Infantojuvenil (CAPSij). MÉTODO: Relato de experiência, de caráter qualitativo, sobre a prática interventiva da Psicologia de um CAPSij em Vitória (ES). RESULTADOS E DISCUSSÃO: A literatura corrobora com os serviços prestados pelo CAPSij em situação de risco de suicídio, tendo em vista as rupturas de visões estigmatizadas que complementam a assistência em saúde, e se tornam um fator de proteção. CONSIDERAÇÕES FINAIS: O CAPSij prima pelo cuidado e assistência humanizada não limitante, contribuindo para o fortalecimento desse sujeito em crise suicida como um ser de direitos, trazendo um novo olhar de autonomia, singularidade e protagonismo.

INTRODUCTION: Suicide is still marked by several stigmas and prejudices that make it difficult to understand this public health problem, thus preventing the perception of factors that may be risky or protective in cases of an attempt to take one's own life. Therefore, the search for information can be of great value in understanding and allowing the creation of care strategies for this subject in psychological distress. OBJECTIVE: To discuss the processes of care and reception of people in mental suffering due to a suicide attempt, from the perspective of a Psychology intern at a Centro de Atenção Psicossocial Infantojuvenil ­ CAPSij (Child and Adolescent Psychosocial Care Center). METHOD: Qualitative experience report on the interventional practice of Psychology at a CAPSij in Vitória (ES). RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: The literature corroborates the services provided by CAPSij in situations of suicide risk, given the ruptures of stigmatized views that complement health care, and become a protective factor. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS: CAPSij strives for non-limiting humanized care and assistance, contributing to the strengthening of this subject in a suicidal crisis as a being with rights, bringing a new perspective of autonomy, singularity and protagonism.

INTRODUCCIÓN: El suicidio aún está marcado por varios estigmas y prejuicios que dificultan la comprensión de este problema de salud pública, impidiendo así la percepción de factores que pueden ser de riesgo o protectores en casos de tentativa de suicidio. Por lo tanto, la búsqueda de información puede ser de gran valor en la comprensión y permitió la creación de estrategias de atención para este sujeto en sufrimiento psicológico. OBJETIVO: Discutir los procesos de atención y acogida de personas en sufrimiento psíquico por tentativa de suicidio, en la perspectiva de una interna de Psicología en un Centro de Atenção Psicossocial Infantojuvenil ­ CAPSij (Centro de Atención Psicosocial de Niños y Adolescentes). MÉTODO: Informe cualitativo de experiencia en la práctica intervencionista de Psicología en un CAPSij de Vitória (ES). RESULTADOS Y DISCUSIÓN: La literatura corrobora los servicios prestados por el CAPSij en situaciones de riesgo suicida, frente a las rupturas de visiones estigmatizadas que complementan la atención en salud, y se convierten en factor protector. CONSIDERACIONES FINALES: El CAPSij apuesta por la atención y asistencia humanizada y no limitativa, contribuyendo al fortalecimiento de este sujeto en crisis suicida como ser con derechos, aportando una nueva perspectiva de autonomía, singularidad y protagonismo.

Psychiatric evaluation and support for the elderly undergoing elective surgery

Providing evaluation and support for individuals who choose to undergo surgery is an essential aspect of comprehensive healthcare. With the global population aging, it's becoming more common for elderly individuals to opt for surgeries. This requires understanding how health impacts surgical outcomes in this vulnerable group. This study delves into the presentation and management of factors throughout the entire surgical process, including before, during, and after surgery. The clinical presentation covers existing health conditions, cognitive issues, emotional responses, and ethical considerations related to decision-making abilities. Recognizing these factors is crucial in order to provide tailored interventions that promote the well-being of patients and improve overall outcomes. Clinical management involves measures before surgery, collaborative care models during the period and strategies to prevent or address psychiatric complications after surgery. Ethical considerations are consistently important throughout this process, especially concerning decision-making abilities. This comprehensive approach involves psychiatrists, geriatricians, anesthetists and other healthcare professionals who work together to enhance the well-being of surgical patients. As our population continues to age, further research and attention on aspects of care within this demographic are vital for providing comprehensive and patient-centered healthcare.

A equipe de enfermagem e o atendimento às emergências psiquiátricas: uma revisão integrativa / The nursing team and care for psychiatric emergencies: an integrative review

Analisar o atendimento da equipe de enfermagem nas emergências psiquiátricas. Método: Estudo de revisão integrativa da literatura, considerando como estratégia PICo: (P) Equipe de enfermagem, (I) Atendimento, (Co) Emergências psiquiátricas, os critérios de inclusão são artigos publicados em português, entre 2013 e 2023, disponíveis na Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde. Resultados: Foi elaborado uma tabela para coleta dos dados. Emergiram três categorias: Fragilidades no atendimento de enfermagem às emergências psiquiátricas; Fortalezas no atendimento de enfermagem às emergências psiquiátricas; Educação continuada e permanente como recurso de melhoria da qualidade no atendimento às emergências psiquiátricas. Considerações finais: É evidente a necessidade de ações de educação continuada, a importância dos recursos humanos e físicos adequados para assistência, capacitações profissionais que contemplem a atenção à saúde mental, promoção da desconstrução social, dos estigmas e estereótipos vinculados à loucura e à figura do doente mental.(AU)

To analyze the care provided by the nursing team in psychiatric emergencies. Method: Integrative literature review study, considering the PICo strategy: (P) Nursing team, (I) Care, (Co) Psychiatric emergencies, the inclusion criteria are articles published in Portuguese, between 2013 and 2023, available in the Library Virtual Health. Results: A table was created to collect data. Three categories emerged: Weaknesses in nursing care for psychiatric emergencies; Strengths in nursing care for psychiatric emergencies; Continuing and permanent education as a resource for improving the quality of care for psychiatric emergencies. Final considerations: The need for continuing education actions is evident, the importance of adequate human and physical resources for assistance, professional training that includes mental health care, promotion of social deconstruction, stigmas and stereotypes linked to madness and the figure of brain sick.(AU)

Analizar la atención brindada por el equipo de enfermería en emergencias psiquiátricas. Método: Estudio de revisión integradora de la literatura, considerando la estrategia PICo: (P) Equipo de enfermería, (I) Atención, (Co) Emergencias psiquiátricas, los criterios de inclusión son artículos publicados en portugués, entre 2013 y 2023, disponibles en la Biblioteca Virtual de Salud. Resultados: Se creó una tabla para recolectar datos. Surgieron tres categorías: Debilidades en la atención de enfermería en emergencias psiquiátricas; Fortalezas en la atención de enfermería para emergencias psiquiátricas; La educación continua y permanente como recurso para mejorar la calidad de la atención de las urgencias psiquiátricas. Considerações finais: É evidente a necessidade de ações de educação continuada, a importância dos recursos humanos e físicos adequados para assistência, capacitações profissionais que contemplem a atenção à saúde mental, promoção da desconstrução social, dos estigmas e estereótipos vinculados à loucura e à figura do enfermo mental.(AU)

Bariatric surgery: behavioral patterns and personality disorders in the preoperative period

Introduction: Bariatric surgery has become an increasingly common procedure, especially for patients with morbid obesity who have obtained unsatisfactory results from conventional treatments. Objective: To evaluate the occurrence of behavioral patterns and personality disorders in patients in the preoperative period of bariatric surgery. Materials and methods: Cross-sectional study carried out with 146 patients from a medium-sized clinic, a reference in the execution of bariatric surgeries in the Midwest region of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Data collection was performed using the psychological instrument entitled Factorial Personality Battery. Descriptive analysis and data association were performed. Results: Half of the participants presented high or very high scores for greater propensity to develop depression and anxiety, showing a close relationship with personality disorders, especially with behavioral patterns of effort and dedication. Discussion: The patterns of effort and dedication behavior are protective factors in the postoperative period, taking into account the adaptations and new habits necessary for a good recovery and maintenance of weight loss. Conclusions: The dysfunctional patterns of behavior that stood out most are related to greater difficulty in perceiving the positive side and ease in perceiving the negative side, leading to a more intense experience of suffering, in addition to difficulty in making decisions and facing routine challenges. Screening behavioral patterns and personality disorders preoperatively is necessary for adequate patient monitoring and successful bariatric surgery.

Construction and reliability and validity of a scale for assessing psychiatric nurses' knowledge， attitude and practice towards the use of protective restraint / 四川精神卫生

BackgroundThe existing tools in China for assessing psychiatric nurses' knowledge， attitude and practice towards the use of protective restraint do not sufficiently consider the specialty in psychiatric practice， and the scale items are somewhat cumbersome to use， which together restrict their further promotion and application. Accordingly， there is an urgent need for developing a more scientific assessment tool. ObjectiveTo construct a scale for assessing psychiatric nurses' knowledge， attitude and practice towards the use of protective restraint and to verify its reliability and validity， so as to provide a generic tool for the assessment. MethodsBased on the theoretical framework of the knowledge-attitude-practice model， the preliminary scale was formed through systematic literature review， qualitative interview and Delphi method. From July to December 2021， a stratified sampling was utilized to select 729 psychiatric nurses from tertiary， secondary and primary （including unclassified medical institutions and grassroots hospitals） psychiatric hospitals in Guangdong Province. The formal scale was developed through item analysis， exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis. The validity of the scale was evaluated by content validity and structure validity， and the reliability was verified by procedures including Cronbach's α coefficient， test-retest reliability， and split-half reliability. ResultsA total of 12 items of three dimensions （knowledge， attitude， practice） were included in the scale for assessing psychiatric nurses' knowledge， attitude and practice towards the use of protective restraint. The scale-level content validity index （S-CVI） was 0.941， and the item-level content validity index （I-CVI） ranged from 0.812 to 1.000. Exploratory factor analysis extracted three common factors， and the cumulative variance contribution rate was 62.948%. The confirmatory factor yielded adequate fit. Cronbach's α coefficient was found to be 0.887 for the scale， 0.819 for knowledge dimension， 0.842 for attitude dimension， and 0.831 for practice dimension. The split-half reliability and test-retest reliability for the scale were 0.712 and 0.922， respectively. ConclusionThe scale shows satisfactory reliability and validity， which can be used to assess psychiatric nurses' knowledge， attitude and practice towards the use of protective restraint. ［Funded by Guangdong Clinical Teaching Base Teaching Reform Research Project （number， 2021JD119）］

Correlation between psychiatric symptoms and semi-essential amino acid levels in patients with schizophrenia / 西安交通大学学报(医学版)

【Objective】 To elucidate the possible role of arginine and histidine in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia by exploring the serum levels of semi-essential amino acids (arginine and histidine) in patients with schizophrenia and their correlation with psychiatric symptoms. 【Methods】 We selected 72 inpatients with schizophrenia admitted to The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University from March 2021 to October 2022 and 72 healthy volunteers enrolled in Yanta Community during the same period as the research subjects. Serum arginine and histidine levels were measured in patients with schizophrenia and healthy controls using serum liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). We used the Positive and Negative Symptom Scale (PANSS) to evaluate the mental symptoms of patients with schizophrenia and analyzed the correlation of serum arginine and histidine levels with disease course, frequency of onset, and PANSS score. 【Results】 The levels of serum arginine (P<0.001) and histidine (P=0.011) in the schizophrenia group were significantly lower than those in the control group. The levels of serum arginine and histidine were significantly negatively correlated with the frequency of onset (rs=-0.410, rs=-0.262), total score of PANSS (rs=-0.298, rs=-0.256), positive factors (rs=-0.299, rs=-0.234) and cognitive impairment factors (rs=-0.251, rs=-0.296). In addition, serum arginine levels had significantly negative correlation with anxiety and depression factors (rs=-0.269, P<0.05). 【Conclusion】 The serum levels of arginine and histidine in patients with schizophrenia are significantly lower than those in healthy individuals, and are negatively correlated with overall mental symptoms, severity of positive symptoms and cognitive impairment. The severity of anxiety and depression symptoms is negatively correlated with arginine levels. The detection of serum arginine and histidine can provide reference for the diagnosis and assessment of the severity of schizophrenia in the future.

Research progress on endogenous small-molecule phenolics and the proposal of "phenolomics" / 药学学报

Small-molecule phenolic substances widely exist in animals and plants, and have some shared biological activities. The metabolism of phenylalanine and tyrosine in the human body, and especially the metabolism of catecholamine neurotransmitters, produces endogenous small-molecule phenols. Endogenous small-molecule phenolic substances are functionally related to the important physiological processes and the occurrence of mental diseases in humans and some animals, which are systematically sorts and summarized in this review. Integrating the previous experimental research and literature analysis on natural small-molecule phenols by our research group, the understanding of the hypothesis that "small-molecule phenol are pharmacological signal carriers" was deepened. Based on above, the concept of "phenolomics" was further proposed, analyzed the research direction and research content which can bring into the knowledge framework of phenolomics. The induction of phenolomics will provide wider perspectives on explaining the pharmacological mechanism of drugs, discovering new drug targets, and finding biomarkers of mental diseases.

Experience of students who participated in psychiatric nursing educational program aiming at competency development / Journal of Rural Medicine

Purpose: To clarify experience of students who participated in psychiatric nursing educational program aiming at competency development.Methods: We conducted a semi-structured interview with five students who participated in a psychiatric nursing educational program and analyzed the results qualitatively and descriptively.Results: We generated 19 categories and 39 subcategories. The students reached [acquisition of diversity and multi-phase viewpoint] through team discussion and attempted to understand patients holistically, including [acquisition of patient’s viewpoints]. Moreover, they formed supportive relationships while [repeating trial and error] and gained self-understanding based on [egocentrism awareness].Conclusion: Participation in this program increased students’ preparedness for psychiatric nursing practical training, believed to contribute to competency development. Some students had difficulty relating to patients and hesitated to express negative emotions while establishing supportive relationships. This indicates the need for an educational approach that encourages students to express negative emotions easily.

A cross-sectional survey on rehabilitation therapists in Grade Ⅲ public psychiatric hospitals / 中国心理卫生杂志

Objective:To understand the basic information such as age,job title,and education of rehabilita-tion therapists in the Grade Ⅲ public psychiatric hospitals in China,and provide fundamental data for the construc-tion of the mental health rehabilitation talent team.Methods:The staffing of rehabilitation therapists in 43 Grade Ⅲpublic psychiatric hospitals in eastern,central,and western regions of China were investigated.The age,education,job title,professional relevance and inter-regional differences of the rehabilitation therapists were statistically ana-lyzed.Results:There were 197 rehabilitation therapists in 43 hospitals surveyed.The age distribution was mainly in 20-30 and 30-40 years old with a bachelor's degree and junior,and more than half of the personnel had their first academy degree related to the rehabilitation profession.The differences in age,education,job title were statistically significant in the eastern,central and western regions.Conclusion:The overall quality of the rehabilitation therapists in China's Grade Ⅲ public psychiatric hospitals is relatively high,and the age structure is reasonable.However,the proportion of senior professional titles is relatively low.Therefore,it is necessary to focus on talent training and the establishment of promotion systems in the future,in order to improve the professional development space and level of the entire industry.

Construction of evaluation index system of entrustable professional activities in psychiatric residents / 中国心理卫生杂志

Objective:To construct an evaluation the index system of entrustable professional activities for resident training doctors in psychiatric department,and to provide reference for formulating training strategies and assessment standards.Entrustable professional activities refers to the ability of trainees to perform and complete spe-cific clinical tasks independently after they have been trusted.Methods:Through documental analysis and semi-structured interviews,the item database of entrustable professional activities for psychiatric resident training physi-cians was established.Delphi consultation was conducted among 63 experts in the field of psychiatry from 7 national resident training bases and 3 medical colleges in China.Indicators were comprehensively screened and sorted out,and indicators at all levels and their weights were determined by the analytic hierarchy process.Results:A hierarchi-cal evaluation index system of entrustable professional activities for psychiatric resident training doctors was con-structed,including 4 first-level indicators,17 second-level indicators and 68 third-level indicators.The weights of the first-level,second-level and third-level indicators were determined.Conclusion:The evaluation index system of en-trustable professional activities is comprehensive and systematic,which is suitable for clinical work and convenient for practical application.It could provide quantitative standards for the assessment of psychiatric residents and pro-mote the improvement of training quality.

Diagnósticos e tratamentos em pacientes no hospital do Juquery na Era Vargas / Diagnósticos e tratamentos em pacientes no hospital do Juquery na Era Vargas / Diagnóstico y tratamiento de pacientes en el hospital Juquery durante la Era Vargas

Objetivo: analisar diagnósticos e tratamentos em pacientes no Hospital do Juquery no período Vargas. Método: estudo quanti-qualitativo, exploratório-descritivo, análise dos dados pelo referencial da análise documental e documentos históricos. Resultados:analisados 2.166 prontuários; épocas de conflitos sociais e guerras com incremento de prisões e internações; múltiplos diagnósticos para paciente; diagnósticos inconclusivos; principais diagnósticos.: esquizofrenia (23,59%), psicose maníaca depressiva (4,20%), psicoses diversas (4,02%), delírio (3,83%), parafrenia (3,60%), depressão (3,19%), confusão mental (2,91%) configuravam 45,34% (982) do total; quadros sem serem estritamente psiquiátricos, mas poderiam ter sintomatologia derivada.: sífilis (10,80%), deficiência intelectual (8,08%), epilepsia (4,06%), alcoolismo (3,81%); 2.023 (93,40%) prontuários sem observação médica; 08 (0,37%) pacientes diagnosticados "sem perturbação mental"; 37 (1,71%) "sem diagnóstico conclusivo"; 920 (42,47%) prontuários sem dados de tratamentos; 213 (9,83%) sem definição de tratamentos. Conclusão: múltiplos diagnósticos para mesmo indivíduo; alguns pacientes não tinham quadros psiquiátricos; tratamentos repetidos, majoritariamente orgânicos, não produziram resultados efetivos

Objective: to analyze diagnoses and treatments in patients at the Juquery Hospital during the Vargas period. Method: a quantitative-qualitative, exploratory-descriptive study, analyzing the data using documentary analysis and historical documents. Results: 2. 166 medical records analyzed; times of social conflict and war with an increase in arrests and hospitalizations; multiple diagnoses for patients; inconclusive diagnoses; main diagnoses: schizophrenia (23.59%), manic depressive psychosis (4.20%), various psychoses (4.02%), delirium (3.83%), paraphrenia (3.60%), depression (3.19%), mental confusion (2.91%) made up 45.34% (982) of the total; conditions that were not strictly psychiatric, but could have derived symptoms: syphilis (10.80%), intellectual disability (8.08%), epilepsy (4.06%), alcoholism (3.81%); 2. 023 (93.40%) medical records without medical observation; 08 (0.37%) patients diagnosed "without mental disorder"; 37 (1.71%) "without conclusive diagnosis"; 920 (42.47%) medical records without treatment data; 213 (9.83%) without treatment definition. Conclusion: multiple diagnoses for the same individual; some patients did not have psychiatric conditions; repeated treatments, mostly organic, did not produce effective results

Objetivos:analizar los diagnósticos y tratamientos de los pacientes del Hospital de Juquery durante el período de Vargas. Método:estudio cuantitativo-cualitativo, exploratorio-descriptivo, analizando los datos mediante análisis documental y documentos históricos. Resultados: 2. 166 historias clínicas analizadas; época de conflicto social y guerra con aumento de detenciones y hospitalizaciones; diagnósticos múltiples para los pacientes; diagnósticos no concluyentes; principales diagnósticos: esquizofrenia (23,59%), psicosis maníaco depresiva (4,20%), psicosis diversas (4,02%), delirio (3,83%), parafrenia (3,60%), depresión (3,19%), confusión mental (2,91%) constituyeron el 45,34% (982) del total; afecciones no estrictamente psiquiátricas, pero que podían tener síntomas derivados: sífilis (10,80%), discapacidad intelectual (8,08%), epilepsia (4,06%), alcoholismo (3,81%); 2. 023 (93,40%) historias clínicas sin observación médica; 08 (0,37%) pacientes diagnosticados "sin trastorno mental"; 37 (1,71%) "sin diagnóstico concluyente"; 920 (42,47%) historias clínicas sin datos de tratamiento; 213 (9,83%) sin definición de tratamiento. Conclusión: múltiples diagnósticos para el mismo individuo; algunos pacientes no tenían afecciones psiquiátricas; los tratamientos repetidos, en su mayoría orgánicos, no produjeron resultados efectivos

Sintomas depressivos na gravidez: fatores associados e associação com aleitamento materno exclusivo / Síntomas depresivos en el embarazo: factores asociados y relación con la lactancia materna exclusiva / Depressive symptoms during pregnancy: associated factors and association with exclusive breastfeeding

Resumo Objetivo Analisar a prevalência e os fatores associados a sintomas depressivos na gestação e sua relação com a prática do aleitamento materno exclusivo por seis meses. Métodos Estudo longitudinal, analítico e exploratório, conduzido em duas etapas. Na primeira realizou-se um estudo transversal aninhado a uma coorte, no qual foi investigada a depressão na gravidez. A segunda etapa foi realizada seis meses após o parto para verificar a relação entre sintomas depressivos na gestação e aleitamento materno exclusivo. Foi conduzido em município do estado do Paraná, no período de outubro de 2019 a novembro de 2020, com a participação de 150 mulheres entrevistadas no terceiro trimestre de gestação e novamente seis meses após o parto. Os dados foram analisados por estatística descritiva e regressão de Poisson com variância robusta. Resultados A prevalência de sintomas depressivos foi 32,7%. A depressão apresentou associação significativa com não trabalhar fora, não ficar feliz com a gravidez e idealizar o aborto. Não foi observada associação entre sintomas depressivos e tempo de aleitamento materno exclusivo. Conclusão A prevalência de sintomas depressivos durante a gravidez foi elevada e explicada por fatores passiveis de modificação, que ao serem identificados precocemente podem contribuir com a implementação de intervenções que resultem em melhores desfechos para a mulher no período gravídico e puerperal.

Resumen Objetivo Analizar la prevalencia y los factores asociados a síntomas depresivos en el embarazo y su relación con la práctica de la lactancia materna exclusiva por seis meses. Métodos Estudio longitudinal, analítico y exploratorio, llevado a cabo en dos etapas. En la primera se realizó un estudio transversal anidado en una cohorte, en el que se investigó la depresión en el embarazo. La segunda etapa se llevó a cabo seis meses después del parto para verificar la relación entre los síntomas depresivos en el embarazo y la lactancia materna exclusiva. El estudio se realizó en un municipio del estado de Paraná, durante el período de octubre de 2019 a noviembre de 2020, con la participación de 150 mujeres entrevistadas en el tercer trimestre del embarazo y nuevamente seis meses después del parto. Los datos fueron analizados por medio de estadística descriptiva y regresión de Poisson con varianza robusta. Resultados La prevalencia de síntomas depresivos fue del 32,7 %. La depresión presentó una relación significativa con no trabajar fuera de casa, no estar feliz con el embarazo e idealizar el aborto. No se observó relación entre síntomas depresivos y tiempo de lactancia materna exclusiva. Conclusión La prevalencia de síntomas depresivos durante el embarazo fue elevada y explicada por factores sujetos a modificación, que si se identifican tempranamente pueden contribuir con la implementación de intervenciones y así obtener un mejor desenlace para las mujeres durante el embarazo y el puerperio.

Abstract Objective To analyze prevalence and factors associated with depressive symptoms during pregnancy and their relationship with exclusive breastfeeding practice for six months. Methods This is a longitudinal, analytical and exploratory study, conducted in two stages. In the first, a cross-sectional study was carried out within a cohort, in which depression during pregnancy was investigated. The second stage was carried out six months after birth to verify the relationship between depressive symptoms during pregnancy and exclusive breastfeeding. It was conducted in a municipality in the state of Paraná, from October 2019 to November 2020, with the participation of 150 women interviewed in the third trimester of pregnancy and again six months after giving birth. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Poisson regression with robust variance. Results Prevalence of depressive symptoms was 32.7%. Depression was significantly associated with not working outside the home, not being happy with the pregnancy and idealizing abortion. No association was observed between depressive symptoms and duration of exclusive breastfeeding. Conclusion Prevalence of depressive symptoms during pregnancy was high and explained by factors that can be modified which, when identified early, can contribute to implementing interventions that result in better outcomes for women during pregnancy and postpartum.

Expectativas e planejamento da alta em saúde mental: perspectiva dos pacientes / Expectations and planning for mental health discharge: patients' perspective / Expectativas y planificación del alta en salud mental: perspectiva de los pacientes

Este estudo tem o objetivo de conhecer e compreender a experiência da internação psiquiátrica parcial em Hospital-Dia sob a perspectiva de pacientes em momento que antecedeu a alta, com foco nas expectativas e no planejamento sobre esse evento. Participaram do estudo oito pessoas internadas em um Hospital-Dia que tinham a alta programada. Cada participante respondeu individualmente a uma entrevista aberta. Os dados foram analisados pelo método de Análise de Conteúdo Temática. Os participantes expressaram sentimentos ambíguos despertados pela proximidade da alta, como a insegurança de perder o apoio do serviço e a satisfação pelo fim do tratamento hospitalar. Observou-se a valorização de práticas e posturas que consideraram o paciente enquanto pessoa situada em uma história, abarcando relações afetivas, expectativas, frustrações e planos futuros. Conhecer como os pacientes vivenciam a alta contribui para que tal evento seja considerado um processo imbricado em uma experiência histórica e social, sinalizando a relevância do cuidado ampliado, longitudinal e integral.(AU)

This study aimed to know and understand patients' perspectives of their experiences of partial psychiatric hospitalization in a daycare hospital preceding discharge and focused on expectations and on planning about this event. In total, eight people hospitalized in a daycare hospital who were scheduled to be discharged participated in this study. Each participant answered an open interview. The data were analyzed by thematic content analysis. Participants expressed ambiguous feelings by the proximity of their discharge, such as insecurity of losing service support and satisfaction with the end of the hospital treatment. Patients appreciated the practices and postures that considered them a person situated in a story, encompassing affective relationships, expectations, frustrations, and future plans. Understanding how patients experience discharge contributes to considering this event as a process intertwined in a historical and social experience, signaling the relevance of extended, longitudinal, and comprehensive care.(AU)

Este estudio tiene como objetivo conocer y comprender la experiencia de la internación psiquiátrica parcial en Hospital de Día desde la perspectiva de los pacientes al momento en que antecedió el alta, con enfoque en las expectativas y en la planificación sobre este evento. Participaron en el estudio ocho personas internadas en un Hospital de Día que iban a recibir el alta. Cada participante respondió individualmente a una entrevista abierta. Se utilizó el método de análisis de contenido temático. Los participantes expresaron sentimientos ambiguos despertados por la proximidad del alta, como la inseguridad de perder el apoyo del servicio y la satisfacción por el fin del tratamiento hospitalario. Se observó la valorización de prácticas y posturas que comprenden al paciente como persona con una historia, que abarca relaciones afectivas, expectativas, frustraciones y planes futuros. Conocer cómo los pacientes perciben el alta permite ubicar el evento en un proceso que involucra una experiencia histórica y social, señalando la relevancia del cuidado ampliado, longitudinal e integral.(AU)

O passado é uma roupa que continua servindo: política de drogas e a manutenção das comunidades terapêuticas / The past is a clothing that continues to serve: psychiatric reform to the maintenance of therapeutic communities / El pasado es una vestimenta que sigue sirviendo: reforma psiquiátrica al mantenimiento de las comunidades terapéuticas

O presente trabalho busca contribuir para o debate a respeito da política de drogas e da manutenção do financiamento das comunidades terapêuticas pelo atual governo do presidente Lula. De maneira contraditória, visualizamos a coexistência de uma política de cuidado em liberdade por meio de serviços e equipamentos públicos vinculados ao Ministério da Saúde, e por outro, a manutenção do financiamento de comunidades terapêuticas incorporada ao Ministério do Desenvolvimento e Assistência Social, Família e Combate à Fome, em total desacordo com os princípios da Reforma Psiquiátrica, e violando os Direitos Humanos. A pesquisa desenvolvida caracteriza-se enquanto qualitativa, um estudo de caráter documental e bibliográfico orientado pelo materialismo histórico-dialético

This paper aims to contribute to the debate regarding drug policy and the continued funding of therapeutic communities by President Lula's current administration. On the one hand, we see the coexistence of a policy of care in freedom through public services and equipment linked to the Ministry of Health, and on the other hand, the maintenance of funding for therapeutic communities incorporated into the Ministry of Development and Social Assistance, Family, and Fight against Hunger, which are in complete contradiction to the principles of psychiatric reform and in violation of human rights. The research conducted is qualitative, consisting of a documentary and bibliographical investigation guided by dialectical historical materialism

Este trabajo busca contribuir al debate sobre la política de medicamentos y el mantenimiento del financiamiento de las comunidades terapéuticas por parte del actual gobierno del presidente Lula. De un modo contradictorio, vemos la coexistencia de una política de cuidados en libertad a través de servicios y equipamientos públicos vinculados al Ministerio de Sanidad, y por otro, vinculado al Ministerio de Desarrollo y Asistencia Social, Familia y Lucha contra el Hambre, el mantenimiento de la financiación de las comunidades terapéuticas, en total desacuerdo con los principios de la reforma psiquiátrica y violatorios de los Derechos Humanos. Para ello, iniciamos nuestro camino con la Reforma Psiquiátrica, buscando comprender sus avances en los últimos años, hasta los primeros meses del tercer mandato del gobierno de Luís Inácio Lula da Silva. La investigación desarrollada se caracteriza por ser un estudio cualitativo, documental y bibliográfico, guiado por el materialismo histórico dialéctico

Psicanálise e saúde mental infanto-juvenil: uma reflexão sobre o lugar da subjetividade nos CAPSi / Psicoanálisis y salud mental infantil y juvenil: una reflexión sobre el lugar de la subjetividad en los CAPSi / Psychoanalysis and child and adolescent mental health: a reflection on the place of subjectivity in CAPSi / Psychanalyse et santé mentale infanto-juvénile: une réflexion sur la place de la subjectivité au sein des CAPSi

Este artigo tem como objetivo discutir o trabalho das equipes de saúde mental nos Centros de Atenção Psicossocial Infanto-juvenil (CAPSi), de forma a considerar a subjetividade como fator para inclusão. Como metodologia de trabalho utilizou-se os fundamentos da psicanálise aplicada. Retomou-se as contribuições de Franco Basaglia para compreender sua influência na Reforma Psiquiátrica no Brasil e elucidar a prática atual dos CAPSi. Discute-se os impasses atuais no âmbito da subjetividade na Reforma Psiquiátrica e propõe-se localizar superfícies transversais que articulam a presença de uma abordagem psicanalítica da subjetividade na atenção psicossocial. Conclui-se sobre a importância da discussão de uma política de subjetivação de abordagem psicanalítica nos serviços públicos de saúde mental considerando que o tratamento nestes não seja polarizado entre o reducionismo biológico e a atenção psicossocial

Este artículo tiene como objetivo discutir el trabajo de los equipos de salud mental en los Centros de Atención Psicosocial Infantil y juvenil (CAPSi), de manera a considerar la subjetividad como factor para la inclusión. Como metodología de esta pesquisa, se utilizó los fundamentos del psicoanálisis aplicada. Se retomó las contribuciones de Franco Basaglia para comprender su influencia en la Reforma Psiquiátrica en Brasil y elucidar la práctica actual de los CAPSi. Se discute los bloqueos actuales en el ámbito de la subjetividad en la Reforma Psiquiátrica y se propone localizar superficies transversales que articulan la presencia de un abordaje psicoanalítico de la subjetividad en la atención psicosocial. Se concluye sobre la importancia de la discusión de una política de subjetivación de abordaje psicoanalítico en los servicios públicos de salud mental considerando que el tratamiento en estos no sea polarizado entre o reduccionismo biológico y la atención psicossocial

The aim of this article is to discuss the work of the mental health teams in the Child and Adolescent Psychosocial Care Centers (CAPSi), in order to consider subjectivity as a factor of inclusion. The methodology used was based on applied psychoanalysis. Franco Basaglia's contributions were revisited in order to understand his influence on the Psychiatric Reform in Brazil and to elucidate the current practice of CAPSi. The current impasses in the field of subjectivity in the Psychiatric Reform are discussed and it is proposed to locate transversal surfaces that articulate the presence of a psychoanalytic approach to subjectivity in psychosocial care. The conclusion is that it is important to discuss a psychoanalytic approach to subjectivation in public mental health services, so that treatment in these services is not polarized between biological reductionism and psychosocial care

Cet article a pour objectif de discuter du travail des équipes de santé mentale au sein des Centres de Soins Psychosociaux Infanto-juvéniles (CAPSi), en accordant une attention particulière à la subjectivité en tant que facteur d'inclusion. Nous avons utilisé les principes de la psychanalyse appliquée comme méthodologie de travail. Nous avons également examiné les contributions de Franco Basaglia pour comprendre son influence sur la Réforme Psychiatrique Brésilienne et éclairer la pratique courante des CAPSi. Nous discutons des impasses actuelles dans le domaine de la subjectivité dans la Réforme Psychiatrique et nous proposons de localiser des surfaces transversales qui articulent la présence d'une approche psychanalytique de la subjectivité dans les soins psychosociaux. En conclusion, nous soulignons l'importance de discuter d'une politique de subjectivation avec une approche psychanalytique au sein des services de santé mentale publics, en considérant que le traitement dans ces services ne doit pasêtre polarisé entre le réductionnisme biologique et le soin psychosocial

Prevalence and pattern of psychiatric morbidity among people living with human immunodeficiency virus in Kano

Background:Human immunodeficiency virus/ Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS), has remained a disease of public health concern, with the largest burden being found in sub Saharan Africa. The advent of anti-retroviral therapy (ART) has significantly reduced the mortality of the disease, thereby transforming it to a chronic disorder, with significant co-morbid psychiatric sequalae.Objectives:To determine the prevalence and pattern of psychiatric morbidity among PLWHAattending Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano.Materials and methods:This was a cross sectional study of adult patients with HIV/AIDS attending outpatient clinic at the S.S. Wali Virology Centre of Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital who gave informed consent. Systematic random sampling technique was used.Patients aged 18years and above who had been on ARVdrugs for at least one year were included, while those who had a medical emergency and needed immediate attention were excluded.Socio demographic characteristics were obtained using a socio-demographic questionnaire and psychiatric morbidity was assessed with the MINI International Neuropsychiatry Interview.Results:Atotal of 420 participants were recruited in the study with a male to female ratio of 1:1.5 and mean age of 40.4±10.0 years. The prevalence of a psychiatric disorder was 22.1% out of whom 5.0% had more than one psychiatric diagnosis. Major depression was the most common (11%) psychiatric disorder. Generalized Anxiety disorder, substance abuse, post-traumatic stress disorder and alcohol abuse accounted for 7.6%, 5.5%, 2.4% and 1.7% of psychiatric disorders respectively.Conclusion:Psychiatric disorders are common in PLWHA, with major depression being the commonest.

Mental health in Brazil in times of neoliberalism and pandemic: retrogression and resistance / Saúde mental no Brasil em tempos de pandemia e neoliberalismo: retrocessos e resistências

Abstract This study analyzes aspects of mental health in Brazil as an active political field involving a range of social segments and actors from opposing fields in a context of advancing neoliberalism and pandemic. The analysis begins in 2016, when fiscal austerity entered the national agenda, and proceeds through the pandemic until the present day, when both phenomena continue to prevail, even if the intensity of the pandemic is now reduced. In the ambit of mental health, the national policy based on the principles of the psychiatric reform has suffered severe setbacks. Nonetheless, despite state-sponsored efforts to discourage social control and public participation, important sectors of society are engaged in active resistance.

Resumo O trabalho analisa aspectos da saúde mental no Brasil como campo político ativo, que envolve vários atores e segmentos sociais em áreas de disputa opostas, em tempos de pandemia e de avanço do projeto neoliberal. Tem como início de delimitação temporal 2016, quando as políticas de austeridade fiscal entram na agenda nacional, e vai até os dias atuais com o cenário da pandemia, ambas ainda vigentes, embora a pandemia tenha diminuído sua intensidade. No âmbito da saúde mental, a política nacional enfrenta profundos retrocessos quanto aos princípios da reforma psiquiátrica. Entretanto, a despeito da tentativa do Estado de desestimular o controle social e a participação popular, observam-se resistências de importantes setores.