Effectiveness of pilates-based exercises on the diastasis recti abdominis in climacteric women: a randomized controlled trial

INTRODUCTION: Recent studies have related the climacteric period with changes in connective tissue elasticity that may be related to diastasis recti abdominis. Mat Pilates is a method of exercise without impact that currently has more practitioners, due to its satisfactory results. However, there are no studies that evaluate the effectiveness of mat Pilates for women with diastasis recti abdominis. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness of the mat Pilates program in climacteric women with diastasis recti abdominis. METHODS: This randomized single-blinded clinical trial evaluated climacteric women with diastasis recti abdominis. The participants were randomized into the experimental group, which participated in 3 weekly sessions of mat Pilates for 12 weeks for a total of 36 sessions, and the control group (without exercises). The inter-rectus distance was measured with a digital caliper. The G*Power Version 3.1.9.2. software was used for the sample calculation, and the SPSS 20.0 program was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: The study comprised 21 women, including 10 in the control group and 11 in the experimental group, with mean ages of 54.3 ± 7.1 and 55.3 ± 6.0 years and body mass index values of 28.8 ± 5.5 kg/m2 and 29.9 ± 4.48 kg/m2, respectively. In the experimental group, reductions were observed in all the measures related to diastasis recti abdominis (p<0.05) in the supraumbilical, umbilical, and infra-umbilical regions. CONCLUSION: The mat Pilates method is effective for reducing diastasis recti abdominis in the climacteric period.

Minimally invasive lipoabdominoplasty (MILA) tactic / Lipoabdominoplastia minimamente invasiva - Tática MILA

ABSTRACT While diastasis recti (DR) was long neglected by general surgeons, plastic surgeons considered conventional abdominoplasty as the only repair option. However, this scenario has changed recently, either due to a better understanding of the correlation between DR and abdominal wall function and greater risk of recurrence in abdominal hernia repairs, or due to the development of new minimally invasive techniques for repairing DR. One of these surgical procedures consists of the concept of an abdominoplasty, that is, supra-aponeurotic dissection and plication of the DR (with or without abdominal hernia) but performed through three small supra-pubic incisions by laparoscopy or robotic approach. More recently, this procedure has gained new stages. Liposuction and skin retraction technology have been associated with MIS plication of DR, which increases the indications for the technique and potentially improves results. For the first time in the literature, we describe these steps and the synergy between them.

RESUMO Embora a diástase de reto abdominal (DR) tenha sido negligenciada por muito tempo pelos cirurgiões gerais, os cirurgiões plásticos consideravam a abdominoplastia convencional como a única opção de reparo. No entanto, esse cenário mudou recentemente, seja pelo melhor entendimento da correlação entre DR e a função da parede abdominal e o maior risco de recorrência na correção de hérnias abdominais, seja pelo desenvolvimento de novas técnicas minimamente invasivas (MIS) para reparo da DR. Um desses procedimentos cirúrgicos consiste no conceito de abdominoplastia, ou seja, dissecção supra-aponeurótica e plicatura da DR (com ou sem hérnia abdominal), mas realizada através de três pequenas incisões suprapúbicas por laparoscopia ou abordagem robótica. Mais recentemente, esse procedimento ganhou novas etapas. A lipoaspiração e a tecnologia de retração da pele têm sido associadas à plicatura MIS da DR, o que aumenta as indicações da técnica e potencialmente melhora os resultados. Pela primeira vez na literatura, descrevemos essas etapas e a sinergia entre elas.

Bilateral rectus muscle turning-over for complicated and eventrated abdominal wall hernias: results of a novel method

ABSTRACT Purpose: We present a technique for covering large midline loss of abdominal wall using a novel method by autologous tissues. Methods: Twenty-two patients (body mass index = 35,6 ± 6,9 kg/m2) were involved in the prospective cohort study. Acute and elective cases were included. The gap area was 450.1 ± 54 cm2. The average width of the midline gap was 16,3 ± 3,2 cm. The rectus muscles were mobilized from its posterior sheath. Both muscles were turned by180º medially, so that the complete abdominal wall gap could be covered without considerable tension. Changes in intra-abdominal pressure, quality of life and hernia recurrency were determined. Results: There was no significant increase in the intra-abdominal pressure. Wound infection and seroma occurred in four cases. Bleeding occurred in one case. Pre- and post-operative quality of life index significantly improved (23 ± 13 vs. 47 ± 6; p = 0,0013). One recurrent hernia was registered. The procedure could be performed safely and yielded excellent results. The method was applied in acute cases. The intact anatomical structure of rectus muscles was essential. Conclusions: The midline reconstruction with bilateral turned-over rectus muscles provided low tension abdominal wall status, and it did not require synthetic mesh implantation.

Asociación entre distancia de los bordes mediales del recto abdominal y dolor lumbar en estudiantes universitarios

Introducción: El dolor lumbar crónico en los universitarios oscila entre un 12,4 y 75 %. Se evidenció inicialmente que la alteración de la musculatura del recto abdominal puede estar asociada al dolor lumbar. Objetivo: Evaluar la asociación entre la distancia de los bordes mediales del músculo recto abdominal y la presencia de dolor lumbar. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio de casos y controles en estudiantes de una universidad privada de la ciudad de Lima. Se valoraron el dolor lumbar y la distancia entre los bordes mediales del músculo recto abdominal mediante la escala numérica de dolor, índice cintura cadera, el cuestionario nórdico y la escala de Oswestry. Se midió la distancia los bordes mediales del músculo recto abdominal con un Caliper digital. Resultados: La media y desviación estándar de la distancia de los bordes mediales del músculo recto abdominal fue 21,9 ± 3,5. Esta y la diástasis abdominal se asociaron con el dolor lumbar. Conclusiones: Se demostró que la distancia de los rectos abdominales y el dolor lumbar en los estudiantes universitarios guardan relación.

Introduction: Chronic low back pain in university students ranges between 12.4 and 75 %. It was initially evidenced that the alteration of the musculature of the rectus abdominis may be associated with low back pain. Objective: To evaluate the association between the distance from the medial edges of the rectus abdominis muscle and the presence of low back pain. Methods: A case-control study was conducted in students of a private university in the city of Lima. Low back pain and the distance between the medial edges of the rectus abdominis muscle were assessed using the numerical pain scale, the waist-hip index, the Nordic questionnaire and the Oswestry scale. The distance between the medial edges of the rectus abdominis muscle was measured with a digital Caliper. Results: The mean and standard deviation of the distance from the rectus abdominis was 21.9 ± 3.5. This and abdominal diastasis were associated with low back pain. Conclusions: The distance between the medial edges of the rectus abdominis muscle and low back pain in university students was shown to be related.

Effectiveness of lobulated pedicled rectus abdominis myocutaneous flap for repairing huge chest wall defect / 中国修复重建外科杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To explore the effectiveness of lobulated pedicled rectus abdominis myocutaneous flap to repair huge chest wall defect.@*METHODS@#Between June 2021 and June 2022, 14 patients with huge chest wall defects were treated with radical resection of the lesion and lobulated pedicled rectus abdominis myocutaneous flap transplantation for reconstruction of chest wall defects. The patients included 5 males and 9 females with an average age of 44.2 years (range, 32-57 years). The size of skin and soft tissue defect ranged from 20 cm×16 cm to 22 cm×22 cm. The bilateral pedicled rectus abdominis myocutaneous flaps in size of 26 cm×8 cm to 35 cm×14 cm were prepaired and cut into two skin paddles with basically equal area according to the actual defect size of the chest wall. After the lobulated pedicled rectus abdominis myocutaneous flap was transferred to the defect, there were two reshaping methods. The first method was that the skin paddle at the lower position and opposite side was unchanged, and the skin paddle at the effected side was rotated by 90° (7 cases). The second method was that the two skin paddles were rotated 90° respectively (7 cases). The donor site was sutured directly.@*RESULTS@#All 14 flaps survived successfully and the wound healed by first intention. The incisions at donor site healed by first intention. All patients were followed up 6-12 months (mean, 8.7 months). The appearance and texture of the flaps were satisfactory. Only linear scar was left at the donor site, and the appearance and activity of the abdominal wall were not affected. No local recurrence was found in all tumor patients, and distant metastasis occurred in 2 breast cancer patients (1 liver metastasis and 1 lung metastasis).@*CONCLUSION@#The lobulated pedicled rectus abdominis myocutaneous flap in repair of huge chest wall defect can ensure the safety of blood supply of the flap to the greatest extent, ensure the effective and full use of the flap tissue, and reduce postoperative complications.

Clinical application effect of pedunculated rectus abdominis muscle combined with bilateral ureters for repairing refractory bladder-vaginal stump fistula through external vesical drainage / 中华肿瘤杂志

Objective: To investigate the efficacy and safety of pedunculated rectus abdominis combined with bilateral ureteral extravestheter drainage in the treatment of refractory bladder-vaginal stump fistula. Methods: The clinical data of 8 cases of the refractory bladder-vaginal stump fistula were admitted to the Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University and Henan Cancer Hospital and underwent the clinical treatment of bladder-vaginal stump from December 2019 to December 2022 were collected. The reason of refractory bladder-vaginal stump fistula was analyzed, the operation manner of pedunculated rectus abdominis combined with peduncle and bilateral ureter for the treatment of bladder-vaginal stump through extrabladder drainage was explored. The operation time, bleeding volume and clinical effect were record. Results: The median operation time of 8 patients was 150 minutes(120~180 min), and the median blood loss was 400 ml(200~600 ml). During the perioperative period, there were 2 cases of incision infection, delayed healing by debridement and dressing, 2 cases of incision rupture and suture wound healing after reoperation, and 2 cases of urinary tract infection were cured by anti-infection. When followed up for 6 months, 8 cases of vesicovaginal stump fistula were cured. Conclusion: Bilateral ureteral external drainage of the rectus abdominis muscle, has a practical effect in the treatment of refractory bladder-vaginal stump fistula, which can be one of the clinical repairing treatment.

Clinical application effect of pedunculated rectus abdominis muscle combined with bilateral ureters for repairing refractory bladder-vaginal stump fistula through external vesical drainage / 中华肿瘤杂志

Objective: To investigate the efficacy and safety of pedunculated rectus abdominis combined with bilateral ureteral extravestheter drainage in the treatment of refractory bladder-vaginal stump fistula. Methods: The clinical data of 8 cases of the refractory bladder-vaginal stump fistula were admitted to the Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University and Henan Cancer Hospital and underwent the clinical treatment of bladder-vaginal stump from December 2019 to December 2022 were collected. The reason of refractory bladder-vaginal stump fistula was analyzed, the operation manner of pedunculated rectus abdominis combined with peduncle and bilateral ureter for the treatment of bladder-vaginal stump through extrabladder drainage was explored. The operation time, bleeding volume and clinical effect were record. Results: The median operation time of 8 patients was 150 minutes(120~180 min), and the median blood loss was 400 ml(200~600 ml). During the perioperative period, there were 2 cases of incision infection, delayed healing by debridement and dressing, 2 cases of incision rupture and suture wound healing after reoperation, and 2 cases of urinary tract infection were cured by anti-infection. When followed up for 6 months, 8 cases of vesicovaginal stump fistula were cured. Conclusion: Bilateral ureteral external drainage of the rectus abdominis muscle, has a practical effect in the treatment of refractory bladder-vaginal stump fistula, which can be one of the clinical repairing treatment.

Efectividad de la Terapia Física en el Manejo de la Diástasis de los Rectos Abdominales en el Postparto: Scoping Review / Effectiveness of Physical Therapy in the Management of Diastasis Rectus Abdominis in Postpartum: A Scoping Review

Introducción. La diástasis de los rectos abdominales es una patología frecuente en el postparto. Aunque se puede resolver de forma espontánea y natural, la mayoría requiere tratamiento basado en la terapia física. Dentro de las principales modalidades se encuentran ejercicios de activación del transverso del abdomen, ejercicios abdominales, entrenamiento de piso pélvico y vendaje abdominal. Al ser estrategias ampliamente utilizadas, se requiere estudiar su efectividad. Objetivo. Describir los reportes de la literatura científica acerca de la efectividad de la terapia física en el manejo de la diástasis de los rectos abdominales en el periodo postparto. Metodología. Se realizó una scoping review según la metodología propuesta por Arksey y O´Malley y PRISMA-ScR. Se efectuó una búsqueda en las bases de datos PubMed, Lilacs, ScienceDirect, Scielo, Scopus y Scholar Google incluyendo artículos en inglés y español publicados entre 2012 y 2022, seleccionados acorde al tema de investigación. Resultados. Se incluyeron 22 artículos en la síntesis cualitativa y se resume la evidencia seleccionada en 5 dimensiones: participantes, evaluación, intervención, resultados de la efectividad de la terapia física en la disminución de la distancia inter-rectos y otros resultados. Conclusión. Existe variada evidencia científica y de poca calidad metodológica respecto a la modalidad y efectividad de la terapia física en el tratamiento de la diástasis de los rectos abdominales. Se sugieren programas individualizados que consideren los nuevos paradigmas de evaluación, enfocando en la funcionalidad de la pared abdominal.

Background. Diastasis recti abdominis is a common pathology in the postpartum period. Although it can be resolved spontaneously and naturally, most require treatment based on physical therapy. Transverse abdominis exercises, abdominal exercises, pelvic floor training, and abdominal binder are among the primary modalities. Thus, it is necessary to study their effectiveness as widely used strategies. Objective. Describe the reports in the scientific literature about the effectiveness of physical therapy in the management of diastasis recti abdominis in the postpartum period. Methods. This scoping review was carried out according to the methodology proposed by Arksey and O'Malley and PRISMA- ScR. Besides, a quest was developed in the PubMed, Lilacs, ScienceDirect, Scielo, Scopus and Scholar Google databases, including articles in English and Spanish published between 2012 and 2022, selected according to the research topic. Results. Twenty-two articles were included in the qualitative synthesis, and the chosen evidence was summarized in five dimensions: participants, evaluation, intervention, results of the effectiveness of physical therapy in reducing the inter-rectus distance, and other results. Conclusion. There is diverse scientific evidence and poor methodological quality regarding to the modality and effectiveness of physical therapy in the treatment of diastasis recti abdominis. Individualized programs are suggested, that consider new evaluation paradigms, focusing on the functionality of the abdominal wall.

Value of abdominal ultrasound in the diagnosis of postpartum diastasis of the rectus abdominis muscle / 中国基层医药

Objective:To investigate the value of abdominal ultrasound in the diagnosis of postpartum diastasis of the rectus abdominis muscle (DRA).Methods:A total of 300 pregnant women who received prenatal examination and finally gave birth in Wenzhou Hospital of Integrated traditional Chinese and Western Medicine between October 2018 and October 2020 were included in this study. All of them underwent finger test and high-frequency ultrasound to determine the degree of DRA. The occurrence of DRA was recorded. The efficacy of abdominal high-frequency ultrasound versus finger test in the diagnosis of DRA was analyzed. The high-frequency ultrasound outcomes regarding DRA distance at different positions and at different phases were compared between women with DRA and those without DRA. Results:The overall incidence of DRA among all women included in this study was 57.67% (173/300). The incidence of DRA in multiparae was significantly higher than that in primipara [73.38% (102/139) vs. 44.10% (71/160), χ2 = 26.20, P = 0.001). The incidence of DRA in women subjected to cesarean section was significantly higher than that in women subjected to vaginal delivery [68.52% (74/108) vs. 51.56% (99/192), χ2 = 8.14, P = 0.004). The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of abdominal ultrasound in the diagnosis of DRA were 99.42%, 98.42% and 99.00%, respectively, which were significantly higher than those of finger test [80.35%,85.04%, 82.33%, χ2 = 34.61, 15.00, 49.23, all P < 0.01]. The DRA distances at different positions measured at 36 weeks of gestation and 2 weeks postpartum were significantly shorter in women with DRA than those without DRA ( t = 5.17-7.46, P < 0.001). Conclusion:Abdominal ultrasound is of high clinical application value in the early diagnosis and rehabilitation treatment of postpartum DRA.

Optimization strategy of anesthesia for liver cancer resection: serratus anterior plane block-posterior rectus sheath block-general anesthesia / 中华麻醉学杂志

Objective:To evaluate the optimization strategy of anesthesia for liver cancer resection using serratus anterior plane block-posterior rectus sheath block-general anesthesia.Methods:One hundred patients, aged 30-64 yr, with body mass index of 18-30 kg/m 2, of American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status Ⅱ or Ⅲ, with liver function Child-Pugh grade A or B, scheduled for elective liver cancer resection under general anesthesia, were divided into serratus anterior plane block combined with posterior rectus sheath block group (group S, n=50) and thoracic paravertebral block group (group T, n=50) using a random number table method.Ultrasound-guided serratus anterior plane block (20 ml) combined with posterior rectus sheath block (10 ml) was performed using 0.375% ropivacaine in group S. Ultrasound-guided paravertebral block was performed at T 7 and T 9(15 ml for each site) with 0.375% ropivacaine in group T. Anesthesia was induced with intravenous midazolam, propofol, sufentanil and cisatracurium and maintained with intravenous infusion of propofol and remifentanil and intermittent intravenous boluses of cisatracurium.BIS value was maintained at 40-60 during operation.Patient-controlled intravenous analgesia (PCIA) was performed with sufentanil and flurbiprofen at the end of operation, and oxycodone 5 mg was intravenously injected as rescue analgesic when the VAS score>3.The onset time and operation time of nerve block were recorded.The intraoperative consumption of sufentanil and remifentanil and occurrence of cardiovascular events within 30 min after skin incision were recorded.The effective pressing times of PCA and requirement for rescue analgesia within 48 h after operation were recorded.The recovery quality was measured using the 40-item quality of recovery questionnaire at 24 h before surgery and 24 and 48 h after surgery.Peripheral venous blood samples were collected at 24 h before surgery and 24 h and 7 days after surgery to determine the concentrations of interleukin-17 and interferon-gamma in serum.The postoperative time to first flatus, first ambulation time, and length of hospital stay were recorded.The nausea and vomiting, respiratory depression, skin itching, puncture site infection, pneumothorax and other adverse reactions were recorded within 48 h after operation. Results:Compared with group T, the operation time of nerve block was significantly shortened, the incidence of intraoperative hypotension was decreased ( P<0.05), and no significant change was found in the onset time of nerve block, intraoperative consumption of sufentanil and remifentanil, postoperative requirement for rescue analgesia, effective pressing times of PCA, time to first flatus, first ambulation time, and length of hospital stay, and 40-item quality of recovery scores and serum concentrations of interleukin-17 and interferon-gamma at each time point in group S ( P>0.05). No postoperative adverse reactions were found in either group. Conclusions:Compared with thoracic paravertebral nerve block combined with general anesthesia, serratus anterior plane block-posterior rectus sheath block-general anesthesia has shorter operation time and lower incidence of intraoperative hypotension when used for liver cancer resection.

Analgesic effects of ultrasound-guided rectus sheath block in open gastrectomy / 中国基层医药

Objective:To investigate the analgesic effects of ultrasound-guided rectus abdominis sheath block (RSB) in open gastrectomy.Methods:Forty-one patients with gastric cancer who underwent open gastrectomy in Binzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine from December 2019 to December 2020 were included in this study. They were randomly assigned to undergo either RSB with 40 mL of 0.375% ropivacaine (group A, n = 21) or RSB with 40 mL of 0.9% sodium chloride injection (group B, n = 20) based on total intravenous anesthesia. After skin sutures, patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) was performed. Intraoperative dose of remifentanil and postoperative dose of PCA drug were compared between the two groups. Results:Intraoperative dose of remifentanil was significantly lower in the group A than that in the group B [(1 021.4 ± 172.0) μg vs. (1 415.0 ± 330.6) μg, t = -4.04, P = 0.001]. Postoperative doses of PCA drug used by 1 and 2 hours after surgery were (1.14 ± 0.90) mL and (0.85 ± 0.70) mL respectively in group A, which were significantly lower than (1.85 ± 0.70) mL and (1.45 ± 1.00) mL in the group B ( t = -5.96, -2.75, P < 0.001, P = 0.009). There were no significant differences in postoperative doses of PCA drug used by 3, 6, 12, 24, 48 and 72 hours after surgery between the two groups (both P > 0.05). Conclusion:RSB with 40 mL of ropivacaine applied to both sides of the incision before open gastrectomy can reduce the dose of remifentanil used during surgery and the dose of PCA drug used within 2 hours after surgery.

Dose-effect relationship of compound lidocaine hydrochloride for TAP-RSB for postoperative analgesia in elderly patients undergoing laparoscopic radical colon cancer surgery with general anesthesia / 中华麻醉学杂志

Objective:To evaluate the dose-effect relationship of compound lidocaine hydrochloride for transverse abdominal plane-rectus abdominis sheath block (TAP-RSB) for postoperative analgesia in elderly patients undergoing laparoscopic radical colon cancer surgery with general anesthesia.Methods:Elderly patients of either sex, aged≥65 yr, with body mass index <30 kg/m 2, of American Society Anesthesiologists physical status Ⅰ-Ⅲ, undergoing elective laparoscopic radical colon cancer surgery with general anesthesia, were selected.After induction of general anesthesia, compound lidocaine hydrochloride was given under ultrasound guidance for bilateral TAP block (20 ml on each side) and for bilateral RSB (10 ml on each side), with the initial concentration of 0.4%.Each time the concentration increased/decreased in the next patient depending on whether or not the analgesia was effective.The ratio between the two successive concentrations was 1.00∶1.15.The analgesic effects were evaluated by the Numerical Rating Scale at 1 h intervals from the time of postoperative admission to the post-anesthesia care unit until 8 h after TAP-RSB (Numerical Rating Scale ≤ 3 was considered as effective analgesia). The probit method was used to calculate the half effective concentration (EC 50) and 95% effective concentration (EC 95) and 95% confidence interval of compound lidocaine hydrochloride. Results:The EC 50 and EC 95(95% confidence interval)of compound lidocaine hydrochloride for TAP-RSB were 0.289% (0.232%-0.352%) and 0.404% (0.345%-0.970%), respectively, when used for postoperative analgesia in elderly patients undergoing laparoscopic radical colon cancer surgery with general anesthesia. Conclusions:The EC 50 and EC 95 of compound lidocaine hydrochloride for TAP-RSB are 0.289% and 0.404%, respectively, when used for postoperative analgesia in elderly patients undergoing laparoscopic radical colon cancer surgery with general anesthesia.

Anatomical study and clinical importance of the inferior epigastric artery / Estudio anatómico e importancia clínica de la arteria epigástrica inferior

SUMMARY: The inferior epigastric artery (IEA) is a major blood vessel that supplies the anterior abdominal wall. The aim of the current study was to provide clinicians, surgeons, and obstetricians with sufficient anatomical data on the inferior epigastric artery, such as its origin and branching pattern. The study included 20 embalmed cadavers, these cadavers were dissected, and the inferior epigastric artery and vena comitans/venae comitantes were identified and traced downwards to the external iliac vessels. The origins, caliber, course and pedicle length of both the artery and the vein(s) were studied. The inferior epigastric artery arose independently from the distal external iliac artery deep to the inguinal ligament in 19 (95 %) cadavers. The artery entered the rectus abdominis muscle at its middle third in 13 (65 %) cases and at its lower third in the remaining specimens. In this study, we found that the artery divided into two branches in 18 (90 %) of the cases; in the remaining two cases, it continued as one trunk. The average pedicle length was 7.2 cm. The mean caliber of the IEA was 3.7 mm. In 18 (90 %) dissections, the venous drainage consisted of a pair of venae comitantes that united to form a common vessel at their draining point on the external iliac vein. The average diameter was 3.9 mm. The current study focuses on the anatomical features of the inferior epigastric artery to increase the success rate of abdominal and pelvic operations in clinical practice.

RESUMEN: La arteria epigástrica inferior (AEI) es un vaso sanguíneo principal que irriga la pared abdominal anterior. El objetivo del presente estudio fue proporcionar a los médicos, cirujanos y obstetras suficientes datos anatómicos sobre la arteria epigástrica inferior, como su origen y patrón de ramificación. El estudio incluyó 20 cadáveres embalsamados, los que se disecaron y se identificó la arteria epigástrica inferior y la vena concomitante y se siguieron hasta los vasos ilíacos externos. Se estudiaron los orígenes, calibre, trayecto y longitud del pedículo tanto de la arteria como de la (s) vena (s). La arteria epigástrica inferior surgió independientemente de la arteria ilíaca externa profunda al ligamento inguinal en 19 (95 %) cadáveres. La arteria ingresó al músculo recto del abdomen en su tercio medio en 13 (65 %) casos y en su tercio inferior en las muestras restantes. En este estudio, encontramos que la arteria se dividió en dos ramas en 18 (90 %) de los casos; en los dos casos restantes, continuó como un tronco. La longitud media del pedículo fue de 7,2 cm. El calibre medio del AEI fue de 3,7 mm. En 18 (90 %) disecciones, el drenaje venoso consistió en un par de venas concomitantes las que formaron un vaso común en su punto de drenaje en la vena ilíaca externa. El diámetro medio fue de 3,9 mm. El estudio actual se centra en las características anatómicas de la arteria epigástrica inferior con el propósito de mejorar la tasa de éxito de las cirugías abdominales y pélvicas en la práctica clínica.

Effect of closure of anterior abdominal wall layers on early postoperative findings at cesarean section: A prospective cross-sectional study

Abstract Objective To investigate the effect of closure types of the anterior abdominal wall layers in cesarean section (CS) surgery on early postoperative findings. Methods The present study was designed as a prospective cross-sectional study and was conducted at a university hospital between October 2018 and February 2019. A total of 180 patients who underwent CS for various reasons were enrolled in the study. Each patient was randomly assigned to one of three groups: Both parietal peritoneum and rectus abdominis muscle left open (group 1), parietal peritoneum closure only (group 2), and closure of the parietal peritoneum and reapproximation of rectus muscle (group 3). All patients were compared in terms of postoperative pain scores (while lying down and duringmobilization), analgesia requirement, and return of bowel motility. Results The postoperative pain scores were similar at the 2nd, 6th, 12th, and 18th hours while lying down. During mobilization, the postoperative pain scores at 6 and 12 hours were significantly higher in group 2 than in group 3. Diclofenac use was significantly higher in patients in group 1 than in those in group 2. Meperidine requirements were similar among the groups. There was no difference between the groups' first flatus and stool passage times. Conclusion In the group with only parietal peritoneum closure, the pain scores at the 6th and 12th hours were higher. Rectus abdominismuscle reapproximations were found not to increase the pain score. The closure of the anterior abdominal wall had no effect on the return of bowel motility.

Diagnosis and treatment of abdominal rectus diastasis / 中华消化外科杂志

Abdominal rectus diastasis is common in postpartum women and obese people, with clinical manifestations of midline abdominal bulge and lower back pain. Severe cases may affect the function of abdominal wall muscle groups, which cause a series of physiological dysfunction. There are few studies on the diagnosis and optimal management of abdominal rectus diastasis, especially on its surgical indications, and no uniform conclusion is achieved. The authors comprehensively analyze the research progress at home and abroad, exploring the etiology, diagnosis, treatment options and surgical indications of abdominal rectus diastasis, in order to provide references for clinical practice.

Modified pararectus abdominis approach for anterior plate fixation of sacral fracture: a clinical anatomy study / 中华创伤骨科杂志

Objective:To investigate the safety and feasibility of modified pararectus abdominis approach in the anterior plate fixation of sacral fractures.Methods:In 5 fresh adult cadavers (3 males and 2 females), gross anatomy was performed on one pelvic side using a modified pararectus abdominis approach to clarify the anatomical structures around the approach. On the other side of the pelvis, the anterior structures of the sacrum were exposed in simulated anterior plate fixation of sacral fracture via the modified pararectus abdominis approach. The exposed anatomic range of the approach, and the locations and courses of lumbosacral trunk nerve and iliac vessels were observed and recorded.Results:(1) The modified pararectus abdominis approach exposed the whole S1 vertebral body from the sacroiliac joint to the medial side, the L5 vertebral body cephalally, the S1 foramina in the true pelvis, and the same structures laterally as a traditional pararectus abdominis approach did. (2) Via the modified pararectus abdominis approach, exploration and decompression of the lumbosacral plexus (from L4 to S1) (including S1 foraminoplasty) were performed under direct vision to decompress the nerve entrapment from anterior compressed fracture fragments and hyperplastic callus. (3) There was a safe surgical area in anterior L5 and S1 where a plate could be safely fixed to the S1 vertebral body. (4) Since the maximum vertical distance from the lumbosacral trunk nerve lifted above the periost to the sacral ala was 1.4 cm (range, from 1.2 to 1.5 cm), a plate could be safely placed from the subperiosteum to the S1 vertebral body to fix the fracture.Conclusions:The modified pararectus abdominis approach is safe and feasible for exploration and decompression of lumbosacral nerves in the anterior sacral region (from L4 to S1) because it has significant advantages in vision and operation. It also broadens the range of anterior sacral plate fixation because a sacral fracture displacement can be reduced under direct vision and a plate can be fixated to the S1 vertebral body along the alae sacralis and across the sacroiliac joint to the iliac bone.

Atuação fisioterapêutica na redução da diástase abdominal no puerpério imediato / Physiotherapy in the reduction of diastasis of the recti abdominis in inmediate pospartum / Fisioterapia para reducir la diástasis abdominal en el posparto inmediato

Objetivo: verificar se a intervenção fisioterapêutica no puerpério imediato contribui para a redução da diástase. Métodos: estudo de intervenção com randomização de dois grupos de 25 puérperas recrutadas em uma maternidade de Vitória-ES. Ambos foram submetidos à avaliação e mensuração da diástase através de um paquímetro, e no grupo de tratamento além da avaliação foi aplicado um protocolo de tratamento fisioterápico às 06 e 18 horas após o parto. Os dados foram analisados através dos testes de Wilcoxon, Mann-Whitney e teste t pareado. Resultados: houve diminuição da diástase abdominal entre a primeira e a última avaliação em ambos os grupos, no entanto, a análise entre grupos identificou uma redução mais acentuada no grupo de tratamento (p<0,001). Conclusão: os achados deste estudo mostram que o atendimento fisioterápico no puerpério imediato é capaz de influenciar positivamente na redução da diástase abdominal, proporcionando às puérperas uma recuperação mais rápida

Objective: to verify if the physiotherapeutic intervention in the immediate puerperium contributes to the reduction of the diastasis. Methods: randomized intervention study of two groups of 25 mothers recruited at a maternity hospital in Vitória-ES. Both were submitted to diastasis evaluation and measurement using a caliper, and in the treatment group, in addition to the evaluation, a physical therapy protocol was applied at 06 and 18 hours after delivery. Data were analyzed by Wilcoxon, Mann-Whitney and paired t-tests. Results: there was a decrease in the abdominal diastasis between the first and last evaluation in both groups and the variables studied, however, the analysis between groups identified a sharper decline in the treatment group (p <0.001). Conclusion: the findings of this study show that the physiotherapeutic care in the immediate puerperium is able to positively influence the reduction of the abdominal diastasis, providing a faster recovery to the puerperal women

Objetivo: verificar si la intervención de fisioterapia en el período posparto inmediato contribuye a la reducción de la diástasis. Métodos: estudio de intervención aleatorizado de dos grupos de 25 madres reclutadas en un hospital de maternidad en Vitória-ES. Ambos fueron sometidos a evaluación y medición de la diástasis utilizando un calibrador, y en el grupo de tratamiento, además de la evaluación, se aplicó un protocolo de fisioterapia a las 06 y 18 horas después del parto. Los datos fueron analizados por Wilcoxon, Mann-Whitney y pruebas t pareadas. Resultados: hubo una disminución en la diástasis abdominal entre la primera y la última evaluación en ambos grupos y las variables estudiadas, sin embargo, el análisis entre los grupos identificó una reducción más marcada en el grupo de tratamiento (p <0.001). Conclusión: los resultados de este estudio muestran que la atención de fisioterapia en el período posparto inmediato puede influir positivamente en la reducción de la diástasis abdominal, proporcionando a las mujeres puerperales una recuperación más rápida

Tratamiento de eventraciones gigantes con cirugía de separación de componentes más turn over flap aponeurótico / Giant ventral hernia treatment with components separation technique and aponeurotic turn over flap

Resumen Objetivo: Demostrar la anatomía y aplicación de la vaina anterior de los rectos para la reparación de defectos herniarios gigantes de la línea media abdominal mediante la cirugía de separación de componentes más la aplicación de un colgajo aponeurótico tipo turn over. Materiales y Método: Disección anatómica con descripción vascular y dinámica de la vaina anterior de los rectos. Posterior aplicación de la técnica en pacientes con hernias gigantes de la línea media. Seguimiento clínico de recidiva y complicaciones locales como sistémicas. Resultados: 8 pacientes fueron seleccionados. La edad promedio fue de 58,6 años y el tamaño del defecto hemiario 19,6 cm. En todos los pacientes se pudo aplicar la técnica sin inconvenientes. Sólo 1 paciente presentó una complicación local (dehiscencia y necrosis parcial del colgajo cutáneo) que se manejó con resección y reavance sin incidentes. No se describen complicaciones sistémicas ni mortalidad. Discusión: Las hernias abdominales gigantes y con pérdida a derecho de domicilio son un desafío quirúrgico. Se han desarrollado importantes avances con abordajes quirúrgicos innovadores. Nuevos materiales biológicos y sintéticos se han convertido en una parte integral del arsenal quirúrgico, sin embargo, involucran muchas veces asumir grandes costos y complicaciones propias a los materiales utilizados, además, de no cumplir con la adaptación dinámica adecuada de la pared requerida. Conclusión: Esta modificación técnica es segura, útil y accesible para los pacientes con eventraciones gigantes. La tasa de complicaciones es baja y está dada principalmente por problemas relacionados al sufrimiento de los colgajos cutáneos.

Aim: To demonstrate the anatomy and application of the anterior rectus sheet in the repair of giant abdominal wall hernias through a classic component surgery plus a turn over flap. Materials and Method: Anatomic dissection with vascular and dynamic description of the anterior rectus sheet. Posterior application of the technique in patients with giant abdominal wall hernias. Clinical follow up of recurrence, local and systemic complications. Results: 8 patients were selected. The average age was 58.6 years old and the abdominal wall defect 19.6 cm wide. The technique could be applied in every patient without inconveniences. Only 1 patient had a complication (dehiscence and partial skin flap necrosis) that was successfully treated with resection and readvancement. No systemic complications nor mortality was described. Discussion: Giant abdominal wall hernias are a surgical challenge. Great and innovative advances have been made. New biological and synthetic materials have been developed, nevertheless they frequently involve great costs and complications related to them. Also, they do not adapt adequately to the dynamic required for the abdominal wall. Conclusion: This technical modification is useful, safe and accessible for the patients who present giant wall hernias. The complication rate is low and it's principally given from problems related to skin flap blood flow.

Diseases and Findings of the Shigyakusan Effective Cases in Our Institution / 日本東洋医学雑誌

We retrospectively surveyed and analyzed medical records of 41 effective cases with shigyakusan including shigyakusan decoction and shigyakusan extract. In classics, fullness in chest and hypochondrium and rectus abdominis muscle stiffness along with coldness of the extremities is regarded as important clinical indication of shigyakusan. In this analysis, patients who present fullness in chest and hypochondrium are more than 90%, and patients presenting rectus abdominis muscle stiffness are more than 60%, confirming that these findings are important. On the other hand, although more than half of the patients feel excessive sensitivity to cold, only about 20% of the patients had coldness of the extremities as objective Kampo findings in their medical records. Until now, coldness of the extremities has been considered to be important because shigyaku means Japanese expression of it. But our obtained results show that shigyakusan is used for the patients who do not have cold extremities.

Ultrasond examination in evaluation of structure and function of rectus abdominis and pelvic floor in early postpartum women / 中国介入影像与治疗学

Objective: To investigate the value of ultrasound examinations in evaluation on structure and function of rectus abdominis and pelvic floor in early postpartum period. Methods: Transperineal pelvic ultrasound and abdominal ultrasound were performed on 102 primiparas 6-8 weeks postpartum. The levator hiatal area was measured under the maximum Valsalva maneuver, and the inter-rectus diatance (IRD) of the level of umbilicus, 3 cm above and 3 cm below the umbilicus were tested. Spearman correlation analysis was used to observe the correlation between the levator hiatal area under the maximum Valsalva maneuver and IRD of the umbilicus. Results: Transperineal pelvic floor ultrasound showed PFD in 55 women (PFD group), while no PFD was detected in 47 women (non-PFD group). The maximum levator hiatal area in non-PFD group ([14.52±2.72]cm2) was less than that in PFD group ([22.78±5.51]cm2, t=9.81, P0.05). There was positive correlation between the levator hiatal area under the maximum Valsava maneuver and IRD of umbilicus (rs=0.42,P<0.01). Conclusion: Ultrasound is of great significance in evaluating postpartum inter-rectus abdominis and pelvic floor structure, indicating that the increase in IRD during early postpartum period can adversely affect the structure and function of pelvic floor.