Effect of hydrogen-rich gas on proprioception and muscle endurance after high-intensity exercise / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND:Hydrogen,as an antioxidant,can reduce oxidative stress induced by strenuous exercise and achieve the effect of improving fatigue.Several studies have been reported on the potential effects of hydrogen-rich water or hydrogen-rich gas on improving exercise fatigue and athletic performance. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effects of hydrogen-rich gas inhalation prior to high-intensity exercise on proprioception and muscular endurance performance after exercise fatigue. METHODS:Through a randomized,double-blind,crossover,and repeated measurement experimental design,24 healthy men were randomly divided into group A and group B,with 12 in each group.In the first phase of the crossover experiment,group A inhaled hydrogen-rich gas(hydrogen group)for 20 minutes and group B inhaled placebo gas(air;placebo group)for 20 minutes.Then,cycle ergometers were used to establish the fatigue model.Visual analog fatigue scale,heart rate variability,knee joint proprioception(passive position perception,joint motion perception,and muscle force perception)and isometric knee extension muscle endurance were tested before and after intervention.After a 7-day washout period,two groups exchanged intervention methods and the above tests were performed again in the second phase of the experiment.Differences between the results of groups A and B in the two phases were compared,and finally the results of the two phases were integrated to compare the overall differences between hydrogen intervention and placebo intervention. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:In the first phase of the crossover experiment,the visual analog fatigue scale score of the hydrogen group after intervention was significantly lower than that of the placebo group(P<0.01).The root mean square of the difference between the adjacent R-R,mean low-frequency output power,mean high-frequency output power,and isometric muscle endurance after intervention in the hydrogen group were significantly higher than those in the placebo group(P<0.05).Passive position perception and joint motion perception after intervention in the hydrogen group were significantly better than those in the placebo group(P<0.05).There was no significant difference in muscle force perception between the two groups(P>0.05),but muscle force perception in the placebo group after intervention was significantly worse than that before intervention(P<0.01).The difference trend of all test results after intervention in the two groups in the first phase of the experiment showed the same results in the second phase of the experiment.The integrated results also showed that the hydrogen group had better test values for the above indicators than the placebo group(P<0.05).Linear regression analysis showed a positive correlation between post-intervention visual analog fatigue scale scores and passive position perception results(r=0.327,P=0.023),i.e.,the higher subjective fatigue level after high-intensity exercise indicated the worse passive position perception results.To conclude,inhaling hydrogen-rich gas before high-intensity exercise can reduce the degree of fatigue after exercise,thereby improving proprioception and muscle endurance performance,which may be a new strategy to reduce the occurrence of injury.And its effectiveness can be achieved repeatedly.

Descriptive epidemiological study of sports injuries in college athletes by competition characteristics / 体力科学

We conducted a large-scale survey of sports injuries in college athletes. This study aimed to investigate trends in sports injuries and disabilities among college athletes by gender, discipline, individual and team competition, contact and noncontact competition, and other competition characteristics. A total of 1,137 college athletes (786 men and 351 women) were surveyed. A questionnaire survey was conducted to determine the club, regularity, and history of sports injuries and disorders (presence/absence, severity, time of injury, site of injury, diagnosis, and recurrence). The prevalence of sports injuries among college athletes was 59.7%. The prevalence was 74.7% in team and contact sports, with ankle and knee ligament injuries accounting for most injuries. The second highest prevalence rate was 66.7% for individual/contact sports, where martial arts-type sports are common. Elbow injuries were common due to the characteristics of martial arts-type sports. Chronic sports injuries of the ankle were common in noncontact/individual sports, and shoulder joint disorders were common in noncontact/team sports. Different trends in sports injuries and disabilities were found depending on the sport characteristics. Considering the characteristics of the sports is necessary to prevent sports injuries and disabilities.

Research on the influence of running gait on sports injuries of lower limb in middle-and long-distance teenage runners / 中国运动医学杂志

Objective To explore the effect of gait biomechanics on sports injuries in middle-and long-distance teenage runners.Methods Eighteen healthy middle-and long-distance runners were select-ed as subjects,and the biomechanics of their gait during mid-speed running was tested using a three-dimensional infrared motion capture system,a three-dimensional force measurement platform,and a la-ser speed measurement system.After the test,data on sports injuries within one year were collected.Based on the severity of their injuries,the athletes were divided into an injury group,and a non-inju-ry group(healthy group).Their gait spatiotemporal parameters,ground reaction forces,and independent sample t-test for trunk and lower limb joint angles,and lower limb joint power were all analyzed.Re-sults There was no significant difference in the spatiotemporal parameters of the mid-speed running gait and ground reaction force indicators between the two groups(P>0.05).The maximum trunk exten-sion angle of the injury group was significantly greater than the healthy group(P<0.05),while the max-imum trunk flexion angle was significantly smaller than the latter(P<0.05).Moreover,the maximum right flexion angle,hip adduction angle,maximum hip adduction angle,ankle varus angle and ankle internal rotation angle of the injury group were significantly smaller than that of the healthy group,with the ankle internal rotation angle significantly bigger than the latter(P<0.05 for all).Meanwhile,the maximum hip joint extension power of the injury group was significantly lower than the healthy group(P<0.05),while the maximum knee joint abduction power was significantly higher than the latter group(P<0.01).Conclusion When running at medium speed,the spatiotemporal parameters of the sup-porting leg and ground reaction force have a relatively smaller impact on lower limb sports injuries of adolescent middle-and long-distance runners,while a greater degree of trunk tilt back,a smaller right flexion angle,a smaller hip joint adduction of the supporting leg,a smaller internal rotation an-gle when the ankle joint is on the ground,and a higher internal rotation angle when the ankle joint is off the ground make the lower limbs more prone to sports injuries.Moreover,such runners with low-er hip joint extension power and higher knee joint abduction power in their support legs are more like-ly to suffer from lower limb injuries.

A Novel Fixation Method of the Graft to the Fibular Head in Knee Lateral Collateral Ligament Reconstruction: Technical Note / Um novo método de fixação do enxerto para a cabeça fibular na reconstrução do ligamento colateral lateral do joelho: Nota técnica

Abstract The lateral collateral ligament (LCL) is the strongest lateral stabilizer of the knee. It provides support against varus stress and posterolateral rotation of the knee. Lateral collateral ligament injuries mostly occur together with anterior and/or posterior cruciate ligament injuries. While grades 1 and 2 injuries are treated conservatively since they are partial injuries, total ruptures, as in grade 3, require surgical treatment. In conventional LCL reconstruction methods, hamstring grafts are used, and bioscrews are used in bone-tendon fixation. Lateral collateral ligament reconstruction is usually performed as a component of multiple ligament surgery. Therefore, there is a need for a contralateral hamstring tendon or allograft. The present article aims to define a technique that does not require tendon grafts and bioscrews in fibular fixation.

Resumo O ligamento colateral lateral (LCL) é o estabilizador lateral mais forte do joelho. Ele fornece suporte contra o estresse varus e a rotação de posterolateral do joelho. As lesões de LCL ocorrem principalmente com lesões do ligamento cruzado anterior e/ou posterior. Enquanto as lesões grau 1 e 2 são tratadas de forma conservadora, uma vez que são lesões parciais, rupturas totais, como no grau 3, requerem tratamento cirúrgico. Utilizam-se enxertos isquiotibiais nos métodos convencionais de reconstrução da LCL e bioscrews na fixação do tendão ósseo. A reconstrução do LCL é geralmente realizada como um componente de cirurgia de ligamento múltiplo. Portanto, há necessidade de um tendão contralateral ou aloenxerto. O presente artigo tem como objetivo definir uma técnica que não exija enxertos tendíneos e bioscrews na fixação fibular.

Comparison and analysis of skiing injuries at ski resorts in Chongli, China and Japan / 中华创伤杂志(英文版)

PURPOSE@#The rapid development of winter sports requires investigation on injuries in Chongli district, Zhangjiakou city, one of the ski sites of the 2022 Winter Olympics. Careful evaluation is required to observe which injuries are caused under what circumstances, and then we can make corresponding preventive measures and recommendations based on the results.@*METHODS@#In this retrospective study, the data of injury cases at ski resorts in China (Chongli district) and Japan were analyzed to provide a reference for the ongoing injury prevention at ski resorts. We collected data on injuries at Wanlong and Fulong ski resorts in Chongli district during the 2017-2018 and 2018-2019 ski seasons. We referred to the skiing injury report issued in February 2020 of a nationwide ski safety statistical service - Japan Ski Safety Association. The causes of injury and specific injured body parts were analyzed based on the data of Chinese and Japanese ski resorts. Statistical significance has been calculated using the Chi-square test.@*RESULTS@#During the 2019-2020 ski season in Japanese ski resorts, the number of reported injuries per 10,000 skiers was 0.93, of which 457 (17.3%) were over 50 years old, accounting for a large proportion of injuries, meanwhile in Chongli ski resort, the injury rate of skiers aged 50 and over was 7.1%. The knee joint (23.7% at Wanlong ski resort and 28.4% in Japanese ski resorts) was the most injured body part among Chongli and Japanese skiers. Among snowboarders, shoulder joint injury (17.7% in Japanese ski resorts) was the most common, and injury on hands and fingers (16.3% in Wanlong ski resorts) was the most common. Head injury rates are similar in Chongli, China and Japanese ski resorts (8.2% and 8.7%, respectively).@*CONCLUSION@#Our analysis demonstrated that injury data recorded among young skiers was higher in Chinese ski resorts (Chongli district) than that in Japanese ski resorts, and elderly skiers made up a larger proportion of skiing injuries in Japanese resorts. Thus, according to our research, the protection of knee joints, shoulder joints, and hands and fingers should be taken seriously. It should pay attention to the teaching of ski poles (for finger protection), and use protective devices such as knee pads, helmets, etc.

Trainer activities for a university soccer team / 全日本鍼灸学会雑誌

[Objective] The aim of this study is to clarify the activities performed by athletic trainers for a university soccer team over an academic year by focusing on rates of acupuncture therapy among players with acute or chronic sports injuries who underwent athletic rehabilitation.[Method] In this study, acupuncturists and Japan Sport Association-certified athletic trainers (JSPO-AT) performed specific tasks for a university men's soccer team (N = 28) between April 2019 and March 2020. The activities were divided into three broad categories: athletic rehabilitation, acupuncture therapy, and in-game support. Trainer activity records were retrospectively analyzed to determine the number of days they were performed, the number of participants who completed athletic rehabilitation and those who underwent acupuncture therapy, the number of athletic rehabilitation and acupuncture therapy sessions based on injury type, and a breakdown of those who underwent acupuncture therapy.[Results] Trainer activities were performed on 63 days, of which athletic rehabilitation and in-game support were conducted on 48 and 15 days, respectively. A total of 101 participants underwent athletic rehabilitation, while 33 underwent acupuncture therapy (roughly one-third of those who underwent rehabilitation [33/101: 32.7%]). Eleven (47.8%) of the 23 participants treated with athletic rehabilitation also underwent acupuncture therapy. All 11 were treated for the lower extremities; of the 11, nine had acute injuries while two had chronic injuries.[Discussion and Conclusion] Some players refused acupuncture therapy despite trainer recommendations, which may have affected the number who underwent acupuncture therapy. Acute lower-extremity injury was the most common issue in acute and chronic sports injuries treated by acupuncture in this soccer team over the course of one year.

Prevalência de quadros álgicos em praticantes de brazilian jiu-jitsu / Prevalence of algic conditions in brazilian jiu-jitsu practitioners / Prevalencia de condiciones álgicas em practicantes brazilian de jiu-jitsu

Objetivo: Identificar a prevalência de queixas álgicas em praticantes de Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu (BJJ), as queixas que levaram ao afastamento dos treinamentos e as queixas de lesões prévias. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo transversal, observacional e descritivo que incluiu praticantes regulares de BJJ do sexo masculino, com idades entre 18 e 40 anos. Foi elaborado um questionário para identificar o perfil dos praticantes: idade, graduação, tempo de prática da arte marcial, frequência de treinos, prática de outras atividades física e frequência. Para a investigação das queixas álgicas, foi aplicado o Questionário Nórdico de Sintomas Osteomusculares ­ QNSO, versão em português adaptada. Os dados foram registrados no programa Microsoft Excel 365 e foi realizada estatística descritiva. Resultados: Os 52 participantes da pesquisa possuíam idade média de 32 anos e tempo médio de 9 anos de prática de Jiu-Jitsu, 50% deles possuía graduação de faixa azul. Os praticantes apresentaram 45 relatos de queixas na semana anterior a aplicação do QNSO, 76 relatos no ano anterior, 43 relatos que levaram os praticantes a se afastarem do treinamento e 20 relatos de lesões prévias no ano anterior. Conclusão: A maior prevalência de queixas nos 7 dias prévios a aplicação do QNSO, ocorreu em joelhos, coluna lombar e quadril-coxas, e nos 12 meses prévios ocorreu em joelhos, coluna lombar e ombros. A maior prevalência que levou os praticantes ao afastamento dos treinamentos nos 12 meses prévios ocorreu em joelhos, coluna lombar e tornozelo-pés, e as queixas de lesões prévias ocorreram em joelhos, punhos e ombros.

Objective: To identify the prevalence of pain complaints in Brazilian Jiu- Jitsu (BJJ) practitioners, the complaints that led to withdrawal from training and the complaints of previous injuries. Methods: This is a cross-sectional, observational and descriptive study that included regular male BJJ practitioners aged between 18 and 40 years. A basic questionnaire was created to collect variables: age, graduation, time practicing martial art, frequency of training, practice of other physical activities and frequency. For the investigation of pain complaints, the Nordic Questionnaire of Musculoskeletal Symptoms - NQSO, adapted Portuguese version, was applied. Data were recorded in the Microsoft Excel 365 program and descriptive statistics were performed. Results: The 52 research participants had average an age of 32 years old and average time of 9 years of BJJ practice, 50% of them were blue belt graduation. The practitioners presented 45 reports of complaints in the week before the application of NQSO, 76 reports in previous year, 43 reports that led to withdrawal training and 20 reports of previous injuries in the previous year. Conclusion: The highest prevalence of complaints in the previous 7 days of the application of NQSO occurred in the knees, lumbar spine and hip- thighs, and in the previous 12 months occurred in the knees, lumbar spine and shoulders. The major prevalence that led to withdrawal training in the previous 12 month occurred in the knees, lumbar spine and ankle-foots, and the complaints of previous injuries occurred in the knees, wrists and shoulders.

Objetivo: Identificar la prevalencia de quejas de dolor en practicantes de Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu (BJJ), las quejas que llevaron a la retirada del entrenamiento y las quejas de lesiones anteriores. Métodos: Se trata de un estudio transversal, observacional y descriptivo que incluyó practicantes regulares de BJJ del sexo masculino, con edades entre 18 y 40 años. Se elaboró un cuestionario para identificar el perfil de los practicantes: edad, grado, tiempo de práctica del arte marcial, frecuencia de entrenamiento, práctica de otras actividades físicas y frecuencia. Para la investigación de las quejas de dolor, se aplicó el Cuestionario Nórdico de Síntomas Musculoesqueléticos ­ CNSO, versión portuguesa adaptada. Los datos se registraron en el programa Microsoft Excel 365 y se realizó estadística descriptiva. Resultados: Los 52 participantes de la investigación tenían una edad promedio de 32 años y un tiempo promedio de práctica de BJJ de 9 años, el 50% de ellos tenían graduación de cinturón azul. Los practicantes presentaron 45 reportes de denuncias en la semana anterior a la aplicación de la CNSO, 76 reportes en el año anterior, 43 reportes que llevaron a los practicantes a retirarse del entrenamiento y 20 reportes de lesiones anteriores en el año anterior. Conclusión: La mayor prevalencia de quejas en los 7 días previos a la aplicación de la CNSO se presentó en rodillas, columna lumbar y cadera-muslos, y en los 12 meses anteriores se presentó en rodillas, columna lumbar y hombros. La prevalencia más alta que llevó a los practicantes a retirarse del entrenamiento en los 12 meses anteriores ocurrió en rodillas, columna lumbar y tobillo-pie, y las quejas de lesiones previas ocurrieron en rodillas, muñecas y hombros.

Simulation for damaged parts recognition of sports injury biological images / Simulação para reconhecimento de partes danificadas em imagens biológicas de lesões esportivas de alta intensidade / Simulación para el reconocimiento de partes dañadas en imágenes biológicas de lesiones deportivas

ABSTRACT Introduction To reduce or avoid injuries during high-intensity sports and help treat the injured part, the method of recognizing biological images of the damaged part is a crucial point of current research. Objective To reduce the damage caused by high-intensity sports and improve the efficiency of injury treatment, this article explores the method of identifying damaged parts in biological imaging of high-intensity sports injuries. Methods A method is proposed to recognize damaged parts of biological images of high-intensity sports injuries based on an improved regional growth algorithm. Results A rough segmented image developed in black and white is obtained with the main body as the objective and background. Based on approximate segmentation, the region growth algorithm is used to accurately recognize the damaged region by improving the selection of the hotspots and the growth rules. Conclusion The recognition accuracy is high, and the recognition time is shorter. The algorithm proposed in this work can improve the precision of recognizing the damaged parts of the biological image of the sports injury and shorten the recognition time. It has the feasibility to determine the damaged parts of sports injuries. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies: investigation of treatment results.

RESUMO Introdução Para reduzir ou evitar lesões durante esportes de alta intensidade e auxiliar no tratamento da parte lesada, o método de reconhecimento de imagens biológicas da parte lesada é um ponto crucial das pesquisas atuais. Objetivo Para reduzir os danos causados por esportes de alta intensidade e melhorar a eficiência do tratamento de lesões, este artigo explora o método de identificação de partes danificadas em imagens biológicas de lesões esportivas de alta intensidade. Métodos é proposto um método para reconhecer partes danificadas de imagens biológicas de lesões esportivas de alta intensidade com base em um algoritmo de crescimento regional aprimorado. Resultados Uma imagem áspera segmentada desenvolvida em preto e branco é obtida com o corpo principal como objetivo e fundo. Com base na segmentação aproximada, o algoritmo de crescimento da região é usado para reconhecer com precisão a região danificada, melhorando a seleção de pontos quentes e regras de crescimento. Conclusão a precisão do reconhecimento é alta e o tempo de reconhecimento é menor. O algoritmo proposto neste trabalho pode melhorar a precisão do reconhecimento das partes danificadas da imagem biológica da lesão esportiva e encurtar o tempo de reconhecimento. Tem a viabilidade de determinar as partes danificadas de lesões esportivas. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos: investigação dos resultados do tratamento.

RESUMEN Introducción Para reducir o evitar lesiones durante los deportes de alta intensidad y ayudar a tratar la parte lesionada, el método de reconocimiento de imágenes biológicas de la parte dañada es un punto crucial de la investigación actual. Objetivo Para reducir el daño causado por los deportes de alta intensidad y mejorar la eficiencia del tratamiento de lesiones, este artículo explora el método de identificación de partes dañadas en imágenes biológicas de lesiones deportivas de alta intensidad. Métodos Se propone un método para reconocer partes dañadas de imágenes biológicas de lesiones deportivas de alta intensidad basado en un algoritmo de crecimiento regional mejorado. Resultados Se obtiene una imagen segmentada rugosa revelada en blanco y negro con el cuerpo principal como objetivo y fondo. Basado en la segmentación aproximada, el algoritmo de crecimiento de la región se utiliza para reconocer con precisión la región dañada mejorando la selección de los puntos calientes y las reglas de crecimiento. Conclusión la precisión del reconocimiento es alta y el tiempo de reconocimiento es más corto. El algoritmo propuesto en este trabajo puede mejorar la precisión del reconocimiento de las partes dañadas de la imagen biológica de la lesión deportiva y acortar el tiempo de reconocimiento. Tiene la viabilidad de determinar las partes dañadas de las lesiones deportivas. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos: investigación de los resultados del tratamiento.

Reducing the sports injury through function movement biological image data screening / Reduzindo lesões esportivas por meio da triagem de dados biológicos de imagens de movimento / Reducción de las lesiones deportivas mediante la detección de datos biológicos por imágenes en movimiento

ABSTRACT Introduction Among the many cases of sports injuries, the incidence of musculoskeletal injuries remains high. After a musculoskeletal injury occurs, athletes often need to suspend training and undergo rehabilitation. A suitable sport mode requires athletes to have sufficient joint range of motion, core stability, and balance ability in different positions to complete various complex movements in training and competition. Objective The paper analyzes the impact of warm-up exercises before the test on the test results of functional sports biological image data screening ( FMS TM ) and provides references for unifying test conditions, checking the reliability of FMS TM repeated tests, and discussing the comparability of the research results. Methods The paper used the same password and process to test 12 young male volleyball professional athletes without warm-up and warm-up. The two-dimensional motion analysis system Dartfish Pursuit 8.0 was used to analyze the video data recorded by the two cameras simultaneously. Results In the two tests before and after, the hurdle step score (1.75±0.62 vs. 2.42±0.52) and the total score (13.50±2.20 vs. 16.42±2.15) were significantly higher than those without the warm-up test (P<0.01). Besides, in squats (1.58±0.67 vs. 1.92±0.67), straight lunges (2.00±0.43 vs. 2.50±0.52), active straight leg lifts (1.50±0.67 vs. 2.00±0.60), rotation stability (1.42) ±0.52 vs. 1.92±0.29) showed a significant increase in the score (P<0.05). Conclusions Warm-up exercises before the test can improve the test results. This abnormal movement pattern observed only by visual inspection may not truly reflect the "dysfunction" of the movement. In the case of ignoring the pre-test warm-up factors, feedback on sports performance and formulating training strategies, this conclusion of predicting injury risk and evaluating training effects may have specific limitations in its reference value. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment results.

RESUMO Introdução Dentre os diversos casos de lesões esportivas, a incidência de lesões musculoesqueléticas permanece elevada. Após a ocorrência de uma lesão musculoesquelética, os atletas geralmente precisam suspender o treinamento e se submeter à reabilitação. Um modo de esporte adequado requer que os atletas tenham amplitude de movimento articular suficiente, estabilidade central e capacidade de equilíbrio em diferentes posições para completar vários movimentos complexos em treinamento e competição. Objetivo o artigo analisa o impacto dos exercícios de aquecimento antes do teste sobre os resultados dos testes de triagem de dados de imagens biológicas esportivas funcionais (FMSTM) e fornece referências para unificar as condições de teste, verificar a confiabilidade de testes FMSTM repetidos e discutir a comparabilidade dos resultados da pesquisa . Métodos O artigo utilizou a mesma senha e processo para testar 12 jovens atletas profissionais do sexo masculino de voleibol sem aquecimento e com aquecimento. O sistema de análise de movimento bidimensional Dartfish Pursuit 8.0 foi usado para analisar os dados de vídeo gravados pelas duas câmeras simultaneamente. Resultados Nos dois testes antes e depois, a pontuação do hurdle step (1,75 ± 0,62 vs. 2,42 ± 0,52) e a pontuação total (13,50 ± 2,20 vs. 16,42 ± 2,15) foram significativamente maiores do que aqueles sem o teste de aquecimento ( P <0,01). Além disso, em agachamentos (1,58 ± 0,67 vs. 1,92 ± 0,67), estocadas retas (2,00 ± 0,43 vs. 2,50 ± 0,52), levantamentos ativos de perna reta (1,50 ± 0,67 vs. 2,00 ± 0,60), estabilidade de rotação (1,42) ± 0,52 vs. 1,92 ± 0,29) mostrou um aumento significativo na pontuação (P <0,05). Conclusão Os exercícios de aquecimento antes do teste podem melhorar os resultados do teste. Este padrão de movimento anormal observado apenas por inspeção visual pode não refletir verdadeiramente a "disfunção" do movimento. No caso de ignorar os fatores de aquecimento pré-teste, feedback sobre o desempenho esportivo e formulação de estratégias de treinamento, esta conclusão de prever o risco de lesões e avaliar os efeitos do treinamento pode ter limitações específicas em seu valor de referência. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos - investigação dos resultados do tratamento.

RESUMEN Introducción Entre los muchos casos de lesiones deportivas, la incidencia de lesiones musculoesqueléticas sigue siendo alta. Después de que ocurre una lesión musculoesquelética, los atletas a menudo necesitan suspender el entrenamiento y someterse a rehabilitación. Un modo de deporte adecuado requiere que los atletas tengan suficiente rango de movimiento articular, estabilidad central y capacidad de equilibrio en diferentes posiciones para completar varios movimientos complejos en el entrenamiento y la competencia. Objetivo El documento analiza el impacto de los ejercicios de calentamiento antes de la prueba en los resultados de las pruebas de detección de datos de imágenes biológicas deportivas funcionales (FMSTM) y proporciona referencias para unificar las condiciones de prueba, verificar la confiabilidad de las pruebas FMSTM repetidas y discutir la comparabilidad de los resultados de la investigación. Métodos El documento utilizó la misma contraseña y proceso para evaluar a 12 jóvenes atletas profesionales de voleibol sin calentamiento y con calentamiento. El sistema de análisis de movimiento bidimensional Dartfish Pursuit 8.0 se utilizó para analizar los datos de video grabados por las dos cámaras simultáneamente. Resultados En las dos pruebas antes y después, la puntuación del paso de valla (1,75 ± 0,62 frente a 2,42 ± 0,52) y la puntuación total (13,50 ± 2,20 frente a 16,42 ± 2,15) fueron significativamente más altas que aquellas sin la prueba de calentamiento ( P <0,01). Además, en sentadillas (1,58 ± 0,67 vs 1,92 ± 0,67), estocadas rectas (2,00 ± 0,43 vs 2,50 ± 0,52), levantamientos activos de piernas rectas (1,50 ± 0,67 vs 2,00 ± 0,60), estabilidad de rotación (1,42) ± 0,52 vs. 1,92 ± 0,29) mostró un aumento significativo en la puntuación (P <0,05). Conclusión Los ejercicios de calentamiento antes de la prueba pueden mejorar los resultados de la prueba. Este patrón de movimiento anormal observado solo por inspección visual puede no reflejar realmente la "disfunción" del movimiento. En el caso de ignorar los factores de calentamiento previos a la prueba, la retroalimentación sobre el rendimiento deportivo y la formulación de estrategias de entrenamiento, esta conclusión de predecir un riesgo de lesión y evaluar los efectos del entrenamiento puede tener limitaciones específicas en su valor de referencia. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos: investigación de los resultados del tratamiento.

Simulation of recognition method of damaged parts of high-intensity sports injury images / Simulação do método de reconhecimento de partes danificadas em imagens de lesões esportivas de alta intensidade / Simulación del método de reconocimiento de partes dañadas en imágenes de lesiones deportivas de alta intensidad

ABSTRACT Introduction: When athletes are performing sports training, many movements are of high intensity, and that training is repetitive, resulting in wear and tear on some injured parts. Objective: Sports athletes can damage parts of the body in high - intensity exercise. During the processing, it is necessary to identify and analyze the damaged parts in the image. However, the current relevant methods have low accuracy and different problems of efficiency and quality. Methods: In this paper, a Fish Swarm Algorithm is proposed to identify high-intensity motion damage images. According to the combination of adaptive threshold and mathematical morphology, the contour of the damaged part of the image is extracted. Results: The above-mentioned method can improve the accuracy of identifying damaged parts of sports injury images, shorten the recognition time, and has certain feasibility in determining sports injury parts. Conclusions: This method can be widely used in high-intensity sports injuries. Level of evidence II; Therapeuticstudies - investigation of treatment results.

RESUMO Introdução: Quando os atletas estão realizando treinamento esportivo, muitos movimentos são de alta intensidade, e esse treinamento é repetitivo, resultando em desgaste de algumas partes lesionadas. Objetivo: Os atletas podem danificar partes do corpo em exercícios de alta intensidade. Durante o processamento, é necessário identificar e analisar as partes danificadas da imagem. No entanto, os métodos atuais relevantes têm baixa precisão e problemas de eficiência e qualidade diferentes. Métodos: Neste artigo, um algoritmo Fish Swarm é proposto para identificar imagens danificadas por movimento de alta intensidade. Com base na combinação de limiar adaptativo e morfologia matemática, o contorno da parte danificada da imagem é extraído. Resultados: O método acima mencionado pode melhorar a precisão da identificação das partes danificadas das imagens de lesões esportivas, encurtar o tempo de reconhecimento e tem alguma viabilidade para determinar as partes das lesões esportivas. Conclusões: este método pode ser amplamente utilizado em lesões esportivas de alta intensidade. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos- investigação dos resultados do tratamento.

RESUMEN Introducción: Cuando los deportistas realizan entrenamientos deportivos, muchos movimientos son de alta intensidad, y ese entrenamiento es repetitivo, lo que genera desgaste en algunas partes lesionadas. Objetivo: Los deportistas pueden dañar partes del cuerpo en el ejercicio de alta intensidad. Durante el procesamiento, es necesario identificar y analizar las partes dañadas en la imagen. Sin embargo, los métodos relevantes actuales tienen baja precisión y diferentes problemas de eficiencia y calidad. Métodos: En este artículo, se propone un algoritmo Fish Swarm para identificar imágenes de daño por movimiento de alta intensidad. Según la combinación de umbral adaptativo y morfología matemática, se extrae el contorno de la parte dañada de la imagen. Resultados: el método mencionado anteriormente puede mejorar la precisión de la identificación de las partes dañadas de las imágenes de lesiones deportivas, acortar el tiempo de reconocimiento y tiene cierta viabilidad para determinar las partes de las lesiones deportivas. Conclusiones: este método puede ser ampliamente utilizado en lesiones deportivas de alta intensidad. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos- investigación de los resultados del tratamiento.

Lesiones de Lisfranc: repercusión clínico-funcional / Lisfranc lesions: clinical-functional repercussion

Resumen: Objetivo: Valoración clínica-funcional de pacientes con lesión de Lisfranc sin causa laboral ni deportiva tratados en nuestro centro. Material y métodos: Se analizaron 13 pacientes con lesión de Lisfranc sin causa laboral ni deportiva, divididos en dos grupos, lesiones de alta energía y de baja energía. Valoración del retorno a la actividad laboral y deportiva previa a la lesión y el uso de calzado y plantillas posteriormente. Se recogen las puntuaciones del test AOFAS y EVA postoperatorio así como la aparición de complicaciones posteriores a la recuperación de la lesión. Resultados: El grupo de alta energía lo formaron siete pacientes que fueron intervenidos en una media de 7.3 días; cuatro presentaron secuelas postquirúrgicas. De estos pacientes, un paciente no pudo reincorporarse a su actividad laboral previa y dos pacientes no pudieron realizar el deporte que practicaban previamente a la lesión. El AOFAS fue de 79.4 y el EVA de 2.8. En el grupo de baja energía encontramos seis pacientes intervenidos en 5.6 días de media. Todos ellos pudieron reincorporarse a su actividad laboral y deportiva previa. El AOFAs fue de 84.8 y el EVA de 1.6. En ninguna de las variables estudiadas se observaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas. Conclusión: Los pacientes con lesión de Lisfranc fuera del ámbito laboral y deportivo presentan buenos resultados clínicos y funcionales.

Abstract: Objective: Clinical and functional evaluation of patients with Lisfranc lesion without work or sport cause and treated in our center. Material and methods: Thirteen patients with Lisfranc lesion without occupational or sports causes were divided into two groups, high-energy and low-energy injuries. Were analyzed the return to work and sports activity prior to the injury and the use of footwear and insoles after the injury. Also were assessed AOFAS and EVA postoperative score and posterior complications after lesion recovery. Results: High-energy group included 7 patients who underwent surgery on an average of 7.3 days. Of the total of patients, 4 presented post-surgical sequelae. Of these patients, one patient was unable to return to their previous work activity and two patients were unable to practice the usual sports activity. The AOFAS was 79.4 and EVA 2.8. In the low energy group, we found six patients operated on 5.6 days on average. All of them were able to return to their previous work and sports activity. The AOFAS were 84.8 and the EVA 1.6. Statistically significant differences were not observed in any of the variables studied. Conclusion: Patients with Lisfranc injury out of laboral or sports background present good clinical and functional results.

Brazilian version of the Self-Estimated Functional Inability because of Pain questionnaire for musculoskeletal injuries relating to dance and sport: translation and cross-cultural adaptation

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Self-Estimated Functional Inability because of Pain (SEFIP) is a questionnaire specifically designed to measure musculoskeletal pain or discomfort. OBJECTIVE: To perform translation and cross-cultural adaptation of the SEFIP for dancers (SEFIP-dance), for use in Brazilian Portuguese. In addition, as a secondary objective, we adapted the translated version of SEFIP-dance for use among athletes or exercise practitioners (SEFIP-sport). DESIGN AND SETTING: Questionnaire translation and cross-cultural adaptation study conducted at a public university. METHODS: The Brazilian version of the SEFIP-dance questionnaire was developed following the processes of translation (involving two translators with Brazilian Portuguese as their mother tongue and fluency in English), backtranslation (involving two translators with English as their mother tongue and fluency in Brazilian Portuguese), committee review and pre-testing. SEFIP-sport was developed following the processes of content and face validation. RESULTS: SEFIP-dance was applied to 30 dancers, of mean age 22.38 years (standard deviation [SD] = 3.41), among whom 14 were men (46.66%). The participants understood 100% of the SEFIP-dance items and alternatives. SEFIP-sport was applied to 30 athletes or physical exercise practitioners, of mean age 25.09 years (SD = 8.93), among whom 25 were men (86.33%). The participants understood 100% of the ­SEFIP-sport items and alternatives. CONCLUSION: The Brazilian Portuguese versions of SEFIP-dance, translated and cross-culturally adapted for dancers, and SEFIP-sport, adapted for athletes or physical exercise practitioners, were shown to have adequate levels of understanding.

Analysis of the mass skiers' injury in a large ski resort in Chongli, China / 北京大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#To make a retrospective analysis of the injuries of skiing population in a large ski resort in Chongli, China and provide a basis for predicting the rapidly increasing medical needs for ski injuries in the context of the 2022 Winter Olympic Games.@*METHODS@#The basic data of all injured skiers who were treated in a medical station of a large ski resort in Chongli during the snow season from November 2017 to March 2018 and from November 2018 to March 2019 were collected. The number of skiers, the number of injuries, the causes of injuries, the types of injuries and the locations of injuries were compared.@*RESULTS@#A total of 753 skiers were injured in two snow seasons, and the estimated average incidence of injury was 4.53 and 4.46 per 1 000 skier days at the resort respectively. The average daily injury rate per 1 000 skiers in November of the two snow seasons was relatively low, with 2.20 and 1.38 cases respectively. The difference of injury rate in different months might have little to do with snowfall and more to do with passenger flow. In both the snow seasons, men accounted for more injuries than women, and injured skiers aged between 21 and 30 accounted for the largest proportion, reaching 36.8%. The main causes of injuries were falls (76.6%). The highest rate of injury was in the head and neck (17.9%), followed by the knee (17.4%) and wrist and fingers (13.3%). The most common types of injuries were contusion and trauma (29.5%) and joint and/or ligament injuries (22.2%). Children (2-12 years old) accounted for 12.7% of all the injured skiers. The rate of moderate to severe injuries (including fractures, concussions, etc.) was 34.8% among the injured patients over 50 years of age.@*CONCLUSION@#The snow resort should focus on injuries to children and elderly skiers and carry out targeted guidance and rescue work. In order to better ensure the medical safety of skiers, the ski resort medical station and nearby treatment hospitals should be equipped with a corresponding number of medical personnel and equipment, and the ski resort should further improve its safety management and rescue system.

Research Progress of Biomechanical Evaluation on Exercise-Induced Fatigue and its Relationship with Sport Injuries / 医用生物力学

The research progress in fatigue protocols and biomechanics of lower extremity and its relationship with injury induced by exercise-induced fatigue was reviewed in this paper. At present, fatigue protocols can be divided into the traditional fatigue-induced protocol and the functional fatigue-induced protocol under laboratory condition. The former mainly includes power-cycling model, treadmill run model and step-ups model, while the latter is closer to what is experienced during competition, which is usually shown as multidirectional movements. In addition, the biomechanical measures of exercise-induced fatigue mainly include kinematics, ground reaction force, joint mechanics and electromyography. Different fatigue protocols do not uniformly produce alterations in lower limb biomechanical factors. The refinement of fatigue protocols and specific indicators should be considered in future studies, in order to compare the induced effects of fatigue protocols and provide references for the selection of fatigue protocols in laboratory tests. Meanwhile, the relationship between the response of brain-nerve system and the activation of musculoskeletal system for specific athletic task should be focused, so as to understand the difference of biomechanical mechanisms between fatigue protocols and further explore the effect of exercise-induced fatigue on sports injuries.

Analysis of Sports Injuries from Winter Olympic and Winter Youth Olympic Games / 中国康复理论与实践

Objective:To analyze the characteristics of athletes' sports injuries during the Winter Olympic and Winter Youth Olympic Games. Methods:The information of registered athletes during the 2010, 2014 Winter Olympics and 2012 Winter Youth Olympic Games, including the injury numbers of each sport, damage sites, types and severity of injuries were collected, and the epidemiological characteristics were analyzed. Results:A total of 6370 person-time registered athletes were collected and 789 sports injuries were recorded. The injury rate per 1000 registered athletes was 123.9. An average of 11% of athletes was injured at least once. There was a significant difference in the injury rate among these events (χ2 = 12.301, P = 0.002). Women were more likely to be injured than men (χ2 = 5.220, P = 0.022). The top three sports with the highest injury rate were snowboarding (23.9%), freestyle skiing (23.2%) and Bobsleigh (18.0%); the top three sports with the largest number of injuries were ice hockey (160 person-time, 20.3%), alpine skiing (128 person-time, 16.2%) and snowboarding (113 person-time, 14.3%). The top three most injured sites were knee (54 person-time, 13.6%), head (41 person-time, 10.3%) and lumbar spine/lower back (27 person-time, 6.8%); the top three types of injury were contusion/haematoma/bruise (123 person-time, 30.9%), sprain (dislocation/subluxation or ligamentous rupture) (71 person-time, 17.8%) and strain (muscle rupture/tear or tendon rupture) (47 person-time,11.8%). A total of 251 injuries (31.8%) were expected to result in time loss for the athlete, 81 out of whom were severe injuries (32.3%). Conclusion:There is a mass of sport injuries in winter sports events with different types and severities. The incidence of injury varies with sports, and it is focused on snowboarding, freestyle skiing and Bobsleigh, ice hockey and alpine skiing. It is needed to research the technical characteristics of specific sports, damage risk factors and mechanism to reduce the sports injuries, and to construct green channels for sports injuries, to promote the recovery of function.

A study on anterior cruciate ligament injury and knee stability with a silicon mesh brace / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND: Knee braces have been shown to improve knee mechanics in the case of slow walking, but most studies lack the data regarding the effects of a brace on knee injury in the case of lack of movement. OBJECTIVE: Jumping, emergency stop, rotation which easily induce knee joint injury during the rapid exercise were simulated to investigate whether silicon mesh braces can provide stable support for the knee joint and provide data support for the protection against anterior cruciate ligament injury. METHODS: Twelve healthy subjects were selected to perform three movements: Squatting, one-leg jump and steering jump respectively with and without a brace. Reflection markers were placed on the feet, calves, thighs, and pelvis of the subjects. A Qualisys motion capture system was used to obtain kinematic data of the knee joints. Knee joint motion was compared between with and without a brace. This study was performed by Medical Ethics Committee of Guizhou College of Traditional Chinese Medicine on August 8, 2018 (approval No. 2018661). RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: There were significant differences in the angle and angular velocity of the knee joint among sagittal plane, coronal plane, and horizontal plane. The knee joint valgus and internal rotation angle were reduced when wearing a brace in particular in one-leg jump and steering jump. The angular velocity of horizontal surface rotation also decreased obviously when wearing a brace. These findings suggest that wearing a brace can affect the motion mechanics of the knee joint in the coronal and horizontal planes. This suggests that knee joint can effectively control the stability when wearing a brace in the process of dynamic movement, and wearing a brace can improve the control of knee peak valgus angular velocity and external rotation angular velocity, which can help effectively prevent anterior cruciate ligament injury of patients with anterior cruciate ligament defects.

Dominant and non-dominant side knee isokinetic characteristics of Chinese calisthenics athletes / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND: A comprehensive evaluation of knee muscle strength, knee hamstrings-to-quadriceps (H/Q) force ratio, and symmetry of both knee joints is beneficial to preventing knee joint injuries. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the dominant and non-dominant side isokinetic characteristics of the knee joints of Chinese calisthenics athletes and bilateral symmetry of muscle strength. METHODS: Knee joints of 22 Chinese calisthenics athletes (aerobics group, n=8; athletics group, n=14) from Chinese national aerobics team were measured using IsoMed2000 at 60 and 180 (°)/s concentric angular speed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The peak torque (PT) and the relative peak torque (PT/BW) of the flexors and extensors of the knee joint in the two groups were significantly decreased with the increase of the angular speed (P < 0.001), and the H/Q ratio significantly increased with the increase of the angular speed (P < 0.001). The dominant leg flexors strength were significantly higher than that of the non-dominant leg (P < 0.05), and extensors strength and H/Q of the dominant leg were significantly higher than those of the non-dominant leg at the speed of 60 (°)/s (P < 0.05). The H/Q of the non-dominant knee joint in the aerobic group was significantly higher than that in the athletics group at the speed of 180 (°)/s (P < 0.05). In the aerobic group, the flexor peak torque of the dominant leg was significantly higher than that of the non-dominant leg at the speed of 60 (°)/s and 180 (°)/s (P < 0.05), but there was no significant difference in both side of extensors. In the athletics group, the flexor peak torque of the dominant leg was significantly higher than that of the non-dominant leg (P < 0.05), the extensors peak torque [60 (°)/s], PT/BW [60 (°)/s] and H/Q [180 (°)/s] of the dominant leg were significantly higher than those of the non-dominant leg (P < 0.05). These findings indicate that the muscle force of the dominant and non-dominant knee joints were asymmetric, and the athletes ought to improve the muscle power of the non-dominant knee joint. A lower H/Q indicates imbalance between the flexor and extensor strength of the knee joint, and it is necessary to strengthen the knee flexor strength training, especially the training for fast strength.

La propiocepción, método de prevención de lesiones de tobillo, en deportistas de categoría superior / The proprioception, method of preventing ankle injuries in top-level athletes

Resumen El objetivo de la investigación se enmarca en analizar el efecto propiocepción como método de prevención de lesiones de tobillo, en deportistas de la categoría superior. El estudio longitudinal y explicativo se realiza en el Centro Deportivo Olmedo de la ciudad de Riobamba, a una población de 30 jugadores que representó el 100 %. La metodología empleada se enmarca en métodos de campo exploratorio y documental bibliográfico, técnicas como la entrevista, fichas de evaluación fisioterapéuticas y test modificado de Romberg. El efecto del método de propiocepción proporciona como resultado que 17 (57 %) jugadores que presentaban molestias de tobillo, se logra disminuir a seis (20 %) jugadores, a la intervención fisioterapéutica. Para el análisis y procesamiento de los datos obtenidos en la aplicación del método, se emplea el paquete estadístico SPSS, versión 22.0 IBM.

Abstract The objective of this research is framed in analyzing the proprioception effect as a method of prevention of ankle injuries in athletes of the higher category. The longitudinal and explanatory study is carried out at the Olmedo Sports Center in the city of Riobamba, to a population of 30 players that represented 100 %. The methodology used is part of exploratory and bibliographic documentary field methods, techniques such as interview, physiotherapy assessment sheets and modified Romberg test. The effect of the method of proprioception provides as a result that 17 (57 %) players who presented ankle discomfort, is reduced to six (20 %) players to the physiotherapy intervention. For the analysis and processing of the data obtained in the application of the method, the statistical package SPSS version 22.0 IBM is used.

Partial Thickness Rotator Cuff Tears of the Shoulder Related to the Sports / 대한정형외과학회잡지

A painful shoulder is common among athletes, particularly those involved in overhead throwing. Professional and recreational athletes in throwing activities have an increased risk of partial thickness tears of the rotator cuff. The manuscript was to reviews the literature on the characteristics of injury, treatment strategies, and their results in throwing athletes.

Use of Ultrasonography for Foot and Ankle Sports Injuries / 대한정형외과학회잡지

Sports injuries of the foot and ankle are commonly encountered in clinical practice. Ultrasound is very useful for the diagnosis of such injuries, because it is more economical, readily accessible, and can perform a dynamic study compared to magnetic resonance imaging. This review focused on the sonographic features of common foot and ankle sports injuries.