Taichí como intervención terapéutica en la rehabilitación respiratoria de la enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica. Estudio piloto

Introducción: investigaciones recientes con la práctica del taichí mostraron beneficios en la funcionalidad, capacidad de ejercicio y calidad de vida de los pacientes con enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica (EPOC). La falta de estudios en nuestro medio y la necesidad de nuevas modalidades de tratamiento impulsó la realización de este trabajo. El objetivo fue valorar el impacto del taichí en un programa de rehabilitación respiratoria de la EPOC. Material y método: estudio piloto, aleatorizado, prospectivo y abierto. Se trabajó con 17 pacientes portadores de EPOC, 7 en el grupo control (CNTL) y 10 en el grupo tratamiento (TCm). Recibieron un programa de rehabilitación respiratoria durante 12 semanas. El grupo TCm con taichí como intervención terapéutica. Se comparó la similitud de las variables sociodemográficas y clínicas. Resultados: los grupos analizados fueron similares en la mayoría de las variables (edad, sexo, sociodemográficas, Gold, Charson, índice tabáquico IPA). En cuanto a las variables resultado, todas las categorías analizadas en los cuestionarios del índice PROMIS previo al inicio, al mes y a los tres meses, evidenciaron una mejoría entre los valores iniciales y finales en ambos grupos, siendo mayor en TCm, aunque no estadísticamente significativo, con valores p ≤ 0,05. En el cuestionario SGRQ, el análisis de los resultados no mostró diferencias significativas entre CNTL vs TCm al mes (44±5 vs 46±5 p 0,742) y a los tres meses (44±5 vs 40±6 p 0,916), con mejoras a favor en los valores del grupo TCm. El índice BODE registró valores menores, evidencia de una mejoría en grupo TCm a los tres meses (2±0,6 vs 3±0,4 p 0,889), sin ser estadísticamente significativa (p ≤ 0,05). Conclusiones: el beneficio del taichí dentro de un programa de rehabilitación tradicional mostró mejoras no significativas en funcionalidad y calidad de vida relacionada con la salud, su inclusión aparece como promisoria, requiriendo una mayor investigación futura.

Recent studies involving Tai Chi have shown benefits in the functionality, exercise capacity, and quality of life of patients with COPD. The lack of studies in our region and the need for new treatment modalities prompted this study. The objective was to assess the impact of Tai Chi in a Pulmonary Rehabilitation Program for COPD. Method: Pilot, randomized, prospective, and open-label study; with two similar groups of patients with COPD, who were included in a Pulmonary Rehabilitation program for 12 weeks; one of them with Tai Chi as a therapeutic intervention. The similarity of sociodemographic and clinical variables was compared. Results: The analyzed groups were similar in most variables (age, sex, sociodemographic, GOLD, Charlson, smoking index IPA). Within the outcome variables in the self-administered PROMIS index prior to the start, at one month, and at three months, all categories analyzed showed an improvement between the initial and final values in both groups, with a greater improvement in the TCm group, although not statistically significant with p-values ≤ 0.05. In the SGRQ questionnaire, the analysis of the results showed no significant differences between the CNTL and TCm groups at one month (44±5 vs. 46±5, p 0.742) and three months (44±5 vs. 40±6, p 0.916); with better values in the TCm group. The BODE Index recorded lower values, indicating an improvement in the TCm group at three months (2±0.6 vs. 3±0.4, p 0.889), although not statistically significant (p ≤ 0.05). Conclusions: The benefit of Tai Chi within a traditional rehabilitation program showed non-significant improvements in functionality and health-related quality of life. Its inclusion appears promising, requiring further future research.

Estudos recentes com Tai-chi mostraram benefícios na funcionalidade, capacidade de exercício e qualidade de vida em pacientes com DPOC. A falta de estudos em nosso meio e a necessidade de novas modalidades de tratamento motivaram o estudo. O objetivo foi avaliar o impacto do Tai-chi em um Programa de Reabilitação Respiratória para DPOC. Método: Estudo piloto, randomizado, prospectivo e aberto, com dois grupos semelhantes de pacientes com DPOC, que receberam um programa de reabilitação respiratória por 12 semanas; um deles com o Tai-chi como intervenção terapêutica. A similaridade das variáveis sociodemográficas e clínicas foi comparada. Resultados: Os grupos analisados foram semelhantes na maioria das variáveis (idade, sexo, dados sociodemográficos, GOLD, Charson, índice de tabagismo IPA). Dentro das variáveis de resultado no índice PROMIS autoadministrado na linha de base, em um mês e em 3 meses, todas as categorias analisadas mostraram uma melhora entre os valores iniciais e finais em ambos os grupos, sendo maior no grupo TCm, embora não estatisticamente significativa com valores de p ≤ 0,05. No questionário SGRQ, a análise dos resultados não mostrou diferenças significativas entre os grupos control e TCm em 1 mês (44±5 vs 46±5, p 0,742) e 3 meses (44±5 vs 40±6, p 0,916), com melhores valores no grupo TCm. O índice BODE registrou valores mais baixos, evidência de uma melhora no grupo TCm aos 3 meses (2±0,6 vs 3±0,4, p 0,889), sem ser estatisticamente significativo (p ≤ 0,05). Conclusões: O benefício do Tai-chi dentro de um programa de reabilitação tradicional mostrou melhorias não significativas na funcionalidade e na qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde; sua inclusão parece promissora e requer mais pesquisas.

Body weight support Tai Chi footwork improves balance function after total hip arthroplasty / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND:Most balance disorders after total hip arthroplasty require a variety of rehabilitation methods to improve.Body weight support Tai Chi footwork can be used as a safe and effective balance training method. OBJECTIVE:To observe the effect of body weight support Tai Chi footwork on the balance function of patients after total hip arthroplasty. METHODS:Totally 74 subjects undergoing total hip arthroplasty were recruited and randomly divided into a control group(n=37)and a trial group(n=37).The control group received 30 minutes of body weight support walking training and 60 minutes of routine rehabilitation training;the trial group received 30 minutes of body weight support Tai Chi footwork training and 60 minutes of routine rehabilitation training,once a day,5 times a week,for 12 consecutive weeks.Before the intervention,4,8,and 12 weeks after intervention,the Berg balance scale and the dynamic balance ability test were used to evaluate the balance function.Harris score was used to evaluate the hip joint function,and the fall risk index was used to evaluate the fall risk. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)The four observation indicators all showed significant time effects(P<0.001).(2)Berg balance scale,Harris score and fall risk index all had an interaction effect(P<0.001),and there was a significant inter-group difference after 12 weeks of intervention(P<0.001),and the effect of the trial group was better than that of the control group.(3)After 12 weeks of intervention,there was an interaction and group effect in the scores of the front and left directions of the dynamic balance test(P<0.001),and there were significant group differences in the scores of the overall,front,left and right directions(P<0.001).(4)The results showed that after 12 weeks of intervention,the balance functions of the trial group and the control group were improved,and the improvement effect of body weight support Tai Chi footwork training was better than body weight support walking training on patients after total hip arthroplasty.

The Connotation of Neo-Confucianism in ZHU Danxi Medicine / 浙江中医药大学学报

[Objective]To explore the connotation of neo-Confucianism in ZHU Danxi medicine.[Methods]Combining the research methods of medicine and philosophy,based on ZHU Danxi's medical writings and related knowledge of neo-Confucianism,the connotation of neo-Confucianism of Danxi medicine was discussed from three aspects:"cognition view""sports view""cultivation view".[Results]ZHU Danxi was influenced by the thought of"one principle and different justics"and regarded medicine as the way to practice Confucian ideal.Using the understanding method of"thinking phyics",ZHU Danxi put forward some important medical theories such as"the theory of excess of Yang and deficiency of Yin"and"the theory of fire".Based on the concept of"movement was the heart of heaven and earth",the important significance of Qi movement and constant movement of"Xiang fire"to human life was realized.Based on the sports concept of"extreme things must be reversed"and"the gentleman should be careful to move",the author realized the great harm to the human body caused by the rash movement of"fire"and advocated the idea of"careful movement"for health preservation.Based on the cultivation view of"heart regulating temperament",the author put forward"king fire mastering prime minister fire",emphasized the active role of"heart"of"king fire",cultivated the"nature"of morality,controlled the"emotion"of desire,and maintained the constant movement of"corresponding fire"and supplemented life.Applying the cultivation view of"mastering static without desire"to health but disease required that through tempering appetite and lust,people's natural desires conformed to the Confucian"reason",in order to be no severely ill and spend the whole life.[Conclusion]ZHU Danxi's medical science is rich in connotation,which is a powerful witness of the influence of the reform of Confucianism on medical innovation in Song and Yuan Dynasties.On the one hand,Danxi's"aid theory into medicine"built a strong support for medical innovation,and made his medical theory rise to the height of"heaven theory",so that he was convinced in the Jinyuan period of medical contention;On the other hand,it also demonstrated the all-encompassing universality and supreme authority of"heavenly principles"as cosmic laws.

Uso de terapias complementarias para la disminución del índice de masa corporal en personas mayores con Diabetes Mellitus tipo 2 / Use of complementary therapies to reduce body mass indexin older people with type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Las enfermedades cardiovasculares están determinadas por ciertos factores de riesgos, la prevalencia y sinergia de éstos genera un de-terminado riesgo cardiovascular que deteriora la calidad de vida de quienes lo padecen. La realización de actividad física es considerada como una herramienta útil para disminuir uno de los factores de riesgo más importantes, la obesidad, medida mediante el índice de masa corporal. Sin embargo, no todos los seres humanos poseen las mismas características y capacidades físicas, por ende, la realización de ejercicio está restringida a éstas. Es en este sentido que se desarrolla el siguiente informe, el cual contempla una revisión sistemática que enfrenta a dos terapias complementarias: Yoga v/s Tai Chi, buscando la evidencia que permita la recomendación de una de ellas para la disminución de IMC en personas mayores con DM2. Los artículos fueron extraídos desde la plataforma académica PubMed, sometidos a 3 cribados de búsqueda, y criterios de inclusión y exclusión, resultando en la obtención de 4 artículos para el análisis, a partir de esta observación se obtiene que la realización de yoga es beneficiosa para la disminución de el IMC al caso índice. Por ende, se recomienda el uso de la terapia complementaria yoga, puesto que esta favorece la reducción del IMC en pacientes con enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles en comparación a la terapia complementaria Tai Chi[AU]

Cardiovascular diseases are determined by certain risk factors, the prevalence and synergy of which generates a certain cardiovascular risk that deteriorates the quality of life of those who suffer from it. Physical activity is considered a useful tool for reducing one of the most important risk factors, obesity, measured by the body mass index. However, not all human beings have the same physical capacities, therefore, exercise is restricted to them. It is in this sense that the following report is developed, which contemplates a systematic review that confronts two complementary therapies: yoga v/s Tai Chi, looking for the evidence that allows the recommendation of one of them for the decrease of BMI in elderly people with DM2.The articles were extracted from the academic platform PubMed, subjected to 3 search screens, and inclusion and exclusion criteria, resulting in obtaining 4 articles for analysis, from this observation it is obtained that the performance of yoga is beneficial for the decrease of the BMI to the index case. Therefore, the use of yoga complementary therapy is recommended, since it favors the reduction of BMI in patients with chronic noncommunicable diseases compared to Cardiovascular diseases are determined by certain risk factors, the prevalence and synergy of which generates a certain cardiovascular risk that deteriorates the quality of life of those who suffer from it. Physical activity is considered a useful tool for reducing one of the most important risk factors, obesity, measured by the body mass index. However, not all human beings have the same physical capacities, therefore, exercise is restricted to them. It is in this sense that the following report is developed, which contemplates a systematic review that confronts two complementary therapies: yoga v/s Tai Chi, looking for the evidence that allows the recommendation of one of them for the decrease of BMI in elderly people with DM2.The articles were extracted from the academic platform PubMed, subjected to 3 search screens, and inclusion and exclusion criteria, resulting in obtaining 4 articles for analysis, from this observation it is obtained that the performance of yoga is beneficial for the decrease of the BMI to the index case. Therefore, the use of yoga complementary therapy is recommended, since it favors the reduction of BMI in patients with chronic noncommunicable diseases compared to Tai Chi complementary[AU]

As doenças cardiovasculares são determinadas por certos factores de risco, cuja prevalência e sinergia geram um certo risco cardio-vascular que deteriora a qualidade de vida das pessoas que delas sofrem. A atividade física é considerada uma ferramenta útil para reduzir um dos factores de risco mais importantes, a obesidade, medida pelo índice de massa corporal. No entanto, nem todos os seres humanos têm as mesmas características físicas e, por isso, o exercício é restrito a eles. É nesse sentido que se desenvolve o pre-sente relatório, que contempla uma revisão sistemática que con-fronta duas terapias complementares: yoga v/s Tai Chi, buscando as evidências que permitam a recomendação de uma delas para a diminuição do IMC em idosos com DM2. Os artigos foram ex-traídos da plataforma acadêmica Pubmed, submetidos a 3 telas de busca, e critérios de inclusão e exclusão, resultando na obtenção de 4 artigos para análise, a partir desta observação obtém-se que a realização do yoga é benéfica para a redução do IMC para o caso índice. Portanto, recomenda-se a utilização da terapia complemen-tar yoga, uma vez que favorece a redução do IMC em pacientes com doenças crónicas não transmissíveis em comparação com a terapia complementar Tai Chi[AU]

A prática de Tai Chi na saúde de diabéticos e hipertensos: uma revisão integrativa / The Tai Chi practice on the health of diabetic and hypertensive patients: an integrative review

Este estudo teve como objetivo sistematizar os resultados das pesquisas que investigaram a relação entre a prática de TC e a saúde de indivíduos com Hipertensão Arterial Sistêmica (HAS) e Diabetes Mellitus (DM). Realizou-se uma revisão integrativa da literatura e foram realizadas buscas nas bases de dados PubMed, SciELO, LILACS e BVS. Foram incluídos estudos publicados nos últimos 20 anos em inglês, português e espanhol, que discorreram sobre a temática da prática de TC em indivíduos com HAS e DM. Foram excluídos estudos que não atenderam a temática proposta, não disponíveis na íntegra, duplicatas, revisões, anais de congresso, literatura cinzenta e livros. Foram identificados 21 estudos, com delineamentos diversos, realizados em sua maioria na China (n=12), que demonstraram o impacto positivo do engajamento na prática de TC na saúde de indivíduos com HAS e DM, como redução da pressão arterial, controle glicêmico e lipídico. Foram descritos também benefícios em outros aspectos físicos e psicossociais importantes para a manutenção do bem-estar e melhor qualidade de vida. Alguns estudos não descreveram resultados significantes associados à prática de TC . Em contrapartida, a maior parte dos estudos revisados relataram benefícios à saúde de indivíduos com HAS e DM associados à prática de Tai Chi.

This study aimed to systematize the results of research that investigated the relationship between the practice of TC and the health of individuals with Systemic Arterial Hypertension (SAH) and Diabetes Mellitus (DM). This is an integrative review in whicha search was conducted in the PubMed, SciELO, LILACS, and BVS databases. Studies published in the last 20 years, in English, Portuguese and Spanish, which discussed the theme of the practice of Tai Chi in individuals with SAH and DM, were included. Studies that did not meet the proposed theme, not available in full, duplicates, reviews, conference proceedings, gray literature and books were excluded. Twenty-one studies were identified, with different designs, carried out mostly in China (n=12), which demonstrated the positive impact of engaging in this bodily practice on the health of hypertensive and diabetic patients, such as blood pressure reduction, glycemic and lipid control. Benefits in other physical and psychosocial aspects that are important for the maintenance of well-being and better quality of life were also described. Some studies did not describe significant results associated with the practice of CT. In contrast, most of the studies reviewed reported health benefits for individuals with SAH and DM associated with the practice of Tai Chi.

Mental health benefits of Tai Chi for college students: a systematic review using ICF / 中国康复理论与实践

ObjectiveTo construct the mental health benefits of physical activity of Tai Chi and framework for college students based on International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF), and to systematically review the effect of physical activity of Tai Chi on anxiety, depression and sleep quality of college students. MethodsRelevant literatures about the health outcomes on anxiety, depression and sleep quality of college students participating in physical activity of Tai Chi were retrieved from databases of Web of Science, PubMed, Medline, Scopus, CNKI, Wanfang data, from the establishment to November 10th, 2022, and screened and reviewed. ResultsTen randomized controlled trials were included finally, from China and U.S.， involving 960 participants (aged 16.4 to 40 years). The main sources were from journals about physical activity and health, with publication dates from 2016 to 2021. The quality of the included literatures was evaluated using the Physical Therapy Evidence Database (PEDro) scale with a mean score of 6.3. The main mental health problems of college students mainly focused on depression, anxiety, high stress, and poor sleep quality. The physical activity of Tai Chi included 24 simplified Tai Chi and Chen style Tai Chi. The frequency of physical activity of Tai Chi was mainly 1 to 6 times a week, 45 to 90 minutes (60 minutes mostly) a time, for 4 to 18 weeks. The health benefits of Tai Chi on anxiety, depression, and sleep quality for college students in the ICF were mainly in the affective function (b152), psychomotor function (b147), energy and drive function (b130), and sleep function (b134). The beneficial outcomes of physical activity of Tai Chi involved reducing anxiety, alleviating depressive symptoms and reducing stress. Compared with physical activity of Tai Chi, physical activity of Tai Chi with the addition of a twenty-four-pattern Taijiquan theory course was more effective in improving depression levels in patients with mild and moderate depression. Tai Chi also can help to improve sleep quality, shorten the time to sleep, and reduce sleep disturbances and daytime dysfunction. ConclusionA PICO framework of Tai Chi for the health benefits of college students has been constructed using ICF. Tai Chi engaged in by college students are mainly 24 simplified Tai Chi. The frequency of physical activity of Tai Chi is 45 to 90 minutes (60 minutes mostly) a time, 1 to 6 times a week, for 4 to 18 weeks. The physical activities of Tai Chi can benefit in reducing anxiety and depression of college students and improving the quality of sleep.

Yun shou tai chi with visual feedback can improve the balance of stroke survivors / 中华物理医学与康复杂志

Objective:To observe any effect of Yun shou tai chi training with visual feedback on the balance of persons who have survived a stroke.Methods:Fifty-six stroke survivors were randomly divided into an observation group and a control group, each of 28. Both groups were given routine balance function training, while the observation group was additionally given Yun shou tai chi training with visual feedback. Before and after the four weeks of training, the subjects′ balance and posture were evaluated using a Nomex visual feedback balance system. Lower limb strength was evaluated with a microFET2 portable muscle strength tester. The Berg Balance Scale (BBS), Timed Up and Go Test (TUGT), 10-metre walk times (10MWTs) and the modified Barthel Index (MBI) were also applied.Results:After the training the average BBS, TUGT, 10MWT and MBI results of the observation group had improved significantly. Among the control group only TUGT times and MBI scores had improved significantly, but even then the average MBI score of the observation group was significantly higher. The training improved the strength of the trainees′ quadriceps femoris (QUA), tibialis anterior (TA) and gastrocnemius (GAS) on the hemiplegic side. Their hamstrings and GAS on the non-hemiplegic side were also significantly stronger, on average. The improvement in the QUA of the hemiplegic side in the observation group was significantly better than the control group′s average improvement. The path length (PL) and the covered area (CA) in the observation group had decreased significantly after the training, while among the controls only the CA had decreased significantly. The average PL in the observation group was therefore significantly shorter than in the control group.Conclusion:Yun shou tai chi training with visual feedback can promote the recovery of balance function after a stroke. Such training is worthy of clinical promotion and application.

A prática terapêutica do Tai Chi Chuan em um serviço de referência em práticas integrativas e complementares / The therapeutic practice of Tai Chi Chuan in a reference service for integrative and complementary practices

Resumo O Tai Chi Chuan (TCC) está entre as Práticas Integrativas e Complementares (PICS) mais utilizadas e apresenta, segundo a literatura científica, evidências clínicas para tratamento de diversos problemas de saúde. Entretanto, pouco se sabe sobre o desenvolvimento dessa modalidade no contexto do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS). Neste sentido, o objetivo do artigo foi compreender a prática terapêutica do TCC em um serviço de referência em PICS no SUS, a partir de um estudo de caso qualitativo com observação participante e entrevistas semiestruturadas com usuários e terapeutas. Observou-se dessemelhanças entre a prática terapêutica do Tai Chi Chuan e as práticas corporais biomédicas, assim como a presença de diretrizes norteadoras de cuidado do SUS, como o acolhimento, a escuta qualificada, o vínculo terapêutico e a integralidade da atenção. Também foi identificada a prevalência de sofrimento mental como motivo de procura pela prática, necessidade de maior apoio financeiro ao serviço e resistência ao uso da Medicina Tradicional Chinesa por parte da rede de apoio de algumas usuárias.

Abstract Tai Chi Chuan (TCC) is among the most used Integrative and Complementary Health Practices (PICS) and, according to the scientific literature, presents clinical evidence for the treatment of various health problems. However, little is known about the development of this practice in the context of the Brazilian National Health System (SUS). In this sense, the objective of the article was to understand the therapeutic practice of TCC in a reference service in PICS in SUS, from a qualitative case study with participant observation and semi-structured interviews with users and therapists. Dissimilarities were observed between the therapeutic practice of TCC and biomedical body practices, as well as the presence of guidelines for SUS care, such as welcoming, qualified listening, therapeutic connection, and comprehensive care. The prevalence of mental distress was also identified as a reason for seeking the practice, as well as the need for greater financial support for the service, and the resistance to the use of Traditional Chinese Medicine by some female users' support network.

Effect of Tai Chi on stress, anxiety, and self-perception of happiness: a longitudinal intervention study

This intervention follow-up study evaluated anxiety and stress levels and self-perceived happiness of individuals linked to the health field who did not practice Tai Chi and compared these variables before and after practicing this art. One hundred twenty-three participants were subdivided into two groups: G1) Older health professionals (n=41) and G2) Younger pre-university students interested in the health field (n=82). Participants received a 60-minute Tai Chi class. The Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-14) was applied before the practice, and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) and Andrews Face Scale were used before and after the class. Generalized linear models and the Bowker symmetry test were applied for data analysis. 46.3% and 30.5% of participants in G1 and G2 had mild stress levels, and 43.9% and 46.3% had moderate stress levels, respectively. After practicing Tai Chi, both groups presented significantly lower mean anxiety scores. In G1, 31.7% of participants went from moderate to mild anxiety levels after practice, 19.5% from severe to moderate, and 7.3% from severe to mild. In G2, 28.2% of participants went from moderate to mild anxiety levels after practice, 18.3% from severe to moderate, and 6.1% from severe to mild. Furthermore, 100.0% of individuals in G1 and 96.3% in G2 were happy after the class. Tai Chi was effective in reducing anxiety levels and improving self-perceived happiness.

Lower limb balance characteristics during tai chi chuan / Características de equilíbrio dos membros inferiores durante o tai chi chuan / Características del equilibrio de los miembros inferiores durante el tai chi chuan

ABSTRACT Introduction: Tai chi chuan training claims to not only promote the circulation of internal energy in the body to achieve a preventive and healing effect of diseases, but also to improve static and dynamic body balance. While the former claims are not validable, the question about the effectiveness of improving balance remains valid. Objective: Verify the characteristics of lower limb balance during tai chi chuan practice. Methods: Selected volunteers underwent a bioelectricity testing system via noninvasive surface electromyography to evaluate muscle activity during the exercises. The results were collected, cataloged and statistically work on corresponding graphs according to different content of literature research for objective analysis. Results: The variation of the displacement of the center of gravity was controlled within 0.1M, the most unstable time of the center of gravity was about 0.65s before the start of balance. In temporal terms, it is found that the order of discharge of each muscle tested in the vertical balance and unilateral support was as follows: the tibialis anterior muscle discharges first, the rectus femoris and biceps femoris second, finally gastrocnemius, gluteus medius and gluteus maximus joint discharge almost at the same time. Conclusion: Some benefit is perceived in the validity of improving lateral balance velocity, shortening the action completion time, and improving balance stability, improving the quality of action in practitioners of this exercise modality. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes.

RESUMO Introdução: O treinamento do tai chi chuan alega não só promover a circulação de energia interna no corpo para alcançar um efeito preventivo e curador de doenças, mas também aprimorar o equilíbrio estático e dinâmico corporal. Enquanto as primeiras afirmações não são validáveis, o questionamento sobre a eficácia no aprimoramento do equilíbrio permanece válido. Objetivo: Verificar as características do equilíbrio nos membros inferiores durante a prática do tai chi chuan. Métodos: Voluntários selecionados passaram por um sistema de testes com bioeletricidade via eletromiografia superficial não invasiva para avaliar a atividade muscular durante os exercícios. Os resultados foram coletados, catalogados e estatisticamente trabalhos sobre gráficos correspondentes, de acordo com diferentes conteúdos de pesquisa literária, para análise objetiva. Resultados: A variação do deslocamento do centro gravitacional foi controlada dentro de 0,1M, o tempo mais instável do centro de gravidade foi cerca de 0,65s antes do início do equilíbrio. Em termos temporais, constata-se que a ordem de descarga de cada músculo testado no equilíbrio vertical e apoio unilateral foi a seguinte: o músculo tibial anterior descarrega primeiro, o reto femoral e bíceps femoral em segundo lugar, finalmente conjunto gastrocnêmico, glúteos médios e glúteo máximo descarregam quase ao mesmo tempo. Conclusão: Percebe-se algum benefício na validade de aprimorar a velocidade de balanço lateral, encurtar o tempo de conclusão da ação e melhorar a estabilidade do equilíbrio, melhorando a qualidade da ação em praticantes dessa modalidade de exercício. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos - investigação dos resultados do tratamento.

RESUMEN Introducción: El entrenamiento de Tai chi chuan pretende no sólo promover la circulación de la energía interna en el cuerpo para lograr un efecto preventivo y curativo contra las enfermedades, sino también mejorar el equilibrio corporal estático y dinámico. Mientras que las primeras afirmaciones no son válidas, la pregunta sobre la eficacia de la mejora del equilibrio sigue siendo válida. Objetivo: Verificar las características del equilibrio de los miembros inferiores durante la práctica del tai chi chuan. Métodos: Los voluntarios seleccionados se sometieron a un sistema de pruebas de bioelectricidad mediante electromiografía de superficie no invasiva para evaluar la actividad muscular durante los ejercicios. Los resultados fueron recogidos, catalogados y trabajados estadísticamente en los gráficos correspondientes según los diferentes contenidos de la investigación literaria para su análisis objetivo. Resultados: La variación del desplazamiento del centro de gravedad se controló dentro de 0,1M, el tiempo más inestable del centro de gravedad fue de unos 0,65s antes del inicio del equilibrio. En términos temporales, se encontró que el orden de descarga de cada músculo probado en el equilibrio vertical y el apoyo unilateral fue el siguiente: el músculo tibial anterior descarga primero, el recto femoral y el bíceps femoral segundo, finalmente el gastrocnemio, el glúteo medio y el glúteo mayor descargan casi al mismo tiempo. Conclusión: Se percibe algún beneficio en la validez de mejorar la velocidad de equilibrio lateral, acortar el tiempo de finalización de la acción y mejorar la estabilidad del equilibrio, mejorando la calidad de la acción en los practicantes de esta modalidad de ejercicio. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos - investigación de los resultados del tratamiento.

Effects of tai ji on the physical health of female university students / Efeitos do tai chi chuan sobre a saúde física das estudantes universitárias / Efectos del taichi chuan en la salud física de las estudiantes universitarias

ABSTRACT Introduction Tai Ji is a martial art rich in traditional Chinese ethnic characteristics. Its flexible, free and open movements make its practice popular and esteemed by many female college students. However, there is a demand for experimental research on the impacts of the art on the physical and mental health of its college practitioners. Objective Verify the effects of Tai Ji practice on the physical health of university students. Methods This study used the methods of literature, experimental and mathematical statistics, through the influence of Tai Ji style number 24 on the physical health of female university students in different groups. Results The research shows that under the intervention of this style, with the same content, intensity, and time of exercise, the physical health of female college students in the low-fitness group was significantly improved. Conclusion Female college students in the medium and high fitness group improved their physical health indicators due to their physical preconditioning. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes.

RESUMO Introdução O Tai Chi Chuan é uma arte marcial rica em características étnicas tradicionais chinesas. Seus movimentos flexíveis, livres e abertos fazem com que a sua prática seja popular e estimada por uma ampla gama de estudantes universitárias. Porém, há uma demanda de pesquisas experimentais sobre os impactos da arte sobre a saúde física e mental de seus praticantes universitários, no intuito de conduzir e orientar os seus praticantes durante a realização dos eventos esportivos. Objetivo Verificar os efeitos da prática de Tai Chi Chuan sobre a saúde física das estudantes universitárias. Métodos Este estudo utilizou os métodos da literatura, experimental e estatística matemática, através da influência do Tai Chi Chuan estilo número 24 na saúde física das estudantes universitárias femininas em diferentes grupos. Resultados A pesquisa mostra que sob a intervenção desse estilo, com o mesmo conteúdo, intensidade e tempo de exercício, a saúde física de estudantes universitárias do sexo feminino no grupo de baixa aptidão física foi significativamente aprimorada. Conclusão Estudantes universitárias do sexo feminino no grupo de aptidão física média e alta melhoraram seus indicadores de saúde física devido ao seu pré-condicionamento físico. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos - investigação dos resultados do tratamento.

RESUMEN Introducción El Taichi Chuan es un arte marcial rico en características étnicas tradicionales chinas. Sus movimientos flexibles, libres y abiertos hacen que su práctica sea popular y apreciada por un amplio abanico de estudiantes universitarios. Sin embargo, existe una demanda de investigación experimental sobre los impactos del arte en la salud física y mental de sus practicantes universitarios, con el fin de conducir y guiar a sus practicantes durante los eventos deportivos. Objetivo Verificar los efectos de la práctica de Taichi Chuan en la salud física de estudiantes universitarios. Métodos Este estudio utilizó los métodos de la literatura, experimental y estadística matemática, a través de la influencia de Taichi Chuan estilo número 24 en la salud física de las estudiantes universitarias en diferentes grupos. Resultados La investigación demuestra que, bajo la intervención de este estilo, con el mismo contenido, intensidad y tiempo de ejercicio, mejoró significativamente la salud física de las estudiantes universitarias del grupo de baja forma física. Conclusión Las estudiantes universitarias del grupo de aptitud física media y alta mejoraron sus indicadores de salud física gracias a su preacondicionamiento físico. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos - investigación de los resultados del tratamiento.

Tai chi influence on cardiopulmonary function in the elderly / Influência do tai chi na função cardiopulmonar de idosos / Influencia del tai chi en la función cardiopulmonar de las personas mayores

ABSTRACT Introduction: Cardiopulmonary function testing is a fundamental component of the physical examination and an elementary indicator for measuring physical fitness. With advancing age, the cardiopulmonary system will undergo a series of aging changes in morphology and function. Objective: Explore the effect of Tai Chi exercise on cardiopulmonary function in middle-aged and elderly people. Methods: A total of 73 50-75 years old from 5 areas in our city were recruited. A total of 63 healthy subjects were selected, 37 in the exercise group and 26 in the non-exercise group. The heart rate, lung capacity, and 6-min walking distance of each subject were measured in a calm state during the recovery time after walking 10 min after recovery. Results: In a calm state, Tai Chi practitioners had better lung capacity and a lower heart rate than non-practitioners (p0.05). In the immediate recovery time after walking, Tai Chi exercise elevated lung capacity more than non-exercisers (p0.01). Conclusion: Tai Chi exercise can improve the adaptability of cardiopulmonary function in middle-aged and elderly people after exercise. Level of Evidence: Therapeutic Studies - Outcome Investigation.

RESUMO Introdução: O teste de função cardiopulmonar é um elemento fundamental no exame físico, e também um indicador elementar corrente para medir a aptidão física. Com o avanço da idade, o sistema cardiopulmonar passará por uma série de mudanças de envelhecimento na morfologia e função. Objetivo: Explorar o efeito do exercício de Tai Chi sobre a função cardiopulmonar de pessoas de meia-idade e idosas. Métodos: Um total de 73, 50-75 anos de idade de 5 áreas em nossa cidade foram recrutados. Foram selecionados 63 sujeitos saudáveis, 37 no grupo de exercícios e 26 no grupo de não-exercício. O ritmo cardíaco, a capacidade pulmonar e a distância de caminhada de 6 minutos de cada sujeito foram medidas em um estado calmo, durante o tempo de recuperação após a caminhada, e 10 minutos após o período de recuperação. Resultados: Em um estado calmo, os praticantes de Tai Chi apresentam uma melhor capacidade pulmonar e uma frequência cardíaca menor do que os não praticantes (p0,05). No tempo de recuperação imediata após a caminhada, o exercício de Tai Chi elevou a capacidade pulmonar mais do que os não-exercitantes (p0,01). Conclusão: O exercício de Tai Chi pode melhorar a adaptabilidade da função cardiopulmonar em pessoas de meia-idade e idosos após o exercício. Nível de evidência: Estudos Terapêuticos - Investigação dos Resultados.

RESUMEN Introducción: La prueba de función cardiopulmonar es un elemento fundamental en el examen físico, y también un indicador elemental actual para medir la aptitud física. Con el avance de la edad, el sistema cardiopulmonar sufrirá una serie de cambios de envejecimiento en su morfología y función. Objetivo: Explorar el efecto del ejercicio de Tai Chi sobre la función cardiopulmonar en personas de mediana y avanzada edad. Métodos: Se reclutó a un total de 73 personas de 50 a 75 años de edad de 5 zonas de nuestra ciudad. Se seleccionó un total de 63 sujetos sanos, 37 en el grupo de ejercicio y 26 en el grupo de no ejercicio. Se midieron la frecuencia cardíaca, la capacidad pulmonar y la distancia recorrida en 6 minutos de cada sujeto en estado de calma, durante el tiempo de recuperación tras la marcha y 10 minutos después del periodo de recuperación. Resultados: En un estado de calma, los practicantes de Tai Chi tenían una mejor capacidad pulmonar y una menor frecuencia cardíaca que los no practicantes (p0,05). En el tiempo de recuperación inmediata tras la marcha, el ejercicio de Tai Chi aumentó la capacidad pulmonar más que los no practicantes (p0,01). Conclusión: El ejercicio de Tai Chi puede mejorar la adaptabilidad de la función cardiopulmonar en personas de mediana y avanzada edad después del ejercicio. Nivel de evidencia: Estudios terapéuticos - Investigación de resultados.

Beneficial Effects and Potential Mechanisms of Tai Chi on Lower Limb Osteoarthritis: A Biopsychosocial Perspective / 中国结合医学杂志

Lower limb osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic, multifactorial disease characterized by impaired physical function, chronic pain, compromised psychological health and decreased social functioning. Chronic inflammation plays a critical role in the pathophysiology of OA. Tai Chi is a type of classical mind-body exercise derived from ancient Chinese martial arts. Evidence supports that Tai Chi has significant benefits for relieving lower limb OA symptoms. Using a biopsychosocial framework, this review aims to elucidate the beneficial effects of Tai Chi in lower limb OA and disentangle its potential mechanisms from the perspective of biology, psychology, and social factors. Complex biomechanical, biochemical, neurological, psychological, and social mechanisms, including strengthening of muscles, proprioception improvement, joint mechanical stress reduction, change of brain activation and sensitization, attenuation of inflammation, emotion modulation and social support, are discussed.

Research Progress of Tai Chi's Influence on Brain Structure and Function of the Elderly Based on Magnetic Resonance Imaging Technology / 世界科学技术-中医药现代化

Magnetic Resonance Imaging(MRI)technology can directly show the changes of brain network and explain the central mechanism of Tai Chi remodeling of brain structure and function.In this paper,we collected the domestic and foreign research on the influence of Tai Chi movement on the brain network by using MRI technology,and combed it from the perspective of brain structure and function changes.The results revealed that Tai Chi may promote memory function,cognitive flexibility,inhibitory control,and working memory capacity by remodeling the structure and function of the medial temporal lobe and prefrontal cortex in older adults,which may be a potential central mechanism for Tai Chi to improve memory and cognitive control in the elderly.However,there are some problems in the current research,such as small sample size,insufficient long-term follow-up,and difficult evaluation of exercise intensity.It is necessary to carry out large-sample and long-term detailed research to further verify the current research results.

Responses of tai chi in upper limb sports injuries rehabilitation on young people / Respostas do tai chi na reabilitação de lesões esportivas dos membros superiores em jovens / Respuestas del tai chi en la rehabilitación de lesiones deportivas de los miembros superiores en jóvenes

ABSTRACT Introduction Practicing sports can strengthen the body both physically and mentally. Although Tai Chi can help injured athletes to recover quickly and shorten the return to sports training and competition, there are still no detailed studies about its effectiveness in lower limb injuries in young people. Objective Analyze the effects of Tai Chi in upper limb sports injuries rehabilitation on young people. Methods 91 patients with sports injuries are selected and randomly divided into a control group (n=44) and an experimental group (n=47). The control group received regular exercises for rehabilitation, while the experimental group used Tai Chi exercises. Mathematical statistics are used to analyze the effects before and after the activities. Results There are considerable statistical differences in the effects of exercise on the two groups of patients. Conclusion Tai Chi exercise can help young people recover from upper limb sports injuries. Evidence level II; Therapeutic Studies - Investigating the results.

RESUMO Introdução Praticar esportes pode fortalecer o corpo tanto física quanto mentalmente. Apesar do Tai Chi poder ajudar os atletas lesionados a se recuperarem rapidamente e abreviar o retorno ao treino esportivo e a competição ainda não há estudos detalhados sobre sua eficácia nas lesões de membros superiores em jovens. Objetivo Analisar os efeitos na reabilitação esportiva de jovens lesionados nos membros superiores sob os fundamentos do Tai Chi. Métodos Foram selecionados 91 pacientes com lesões esportivas que foram divididos aleatoriamente em grupo controle (n=44) e grupo experimental (n=47). O grupo controle recebeu exercícios regulares para reabilitação enquanto o grupo experimental utilizou exercícios de Tai Chi. Estatísticas matemáticas foram empregadas para analisar os efeitos antes e depois das atividades. Resultados Existem diferenças estatísticas consideráveis nos efeitos do exercício nos dois grupos de pacientes. Conclusão O exercício de Tai Chi pode auxiliar os jovens a recuperarem-se de lesões esportivas nos membros superiores. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos - Investigação de resultados.

RESUMEN Introducción La práctica del deporte puede fortalecer el cuerpo tanto física como mentalmente. Aunque el Tai Chi puede ayudar a los atletas lesionados a recuperarse rápidamente y a acortar la vuelta al entrenamiento y la competición deportiva, todavía no hay estudios detallados sobre su eficacia en las lesiones de las extremidades superiores en los jóvenes. Objetivo Analizar los efectos en la rehabilitación deportiva de los jóvenes con lesiones en las extremidades superiores bajo los fundamentos del Tai Chi. Métodos Se seleccionaron 91 pacientes con lesiones deportivas que se dividieron aleatoriamente en el grupo de control (n=44) y el grupo experimental (n=47). El grupo de control recibió ejercicios regulares de rehabilitación mientras que el grupo experimental utilizó ejercicios de Tai Chi. Se utilizaron estadísticas matemáticas para analizar los efectos antes y después de las actividades. Resultados Existen considerables diferencias estadísticas en los efectos del ejercicio en los dos grupos de pacientes. Conclusión El ejercicio de Tai Chi puede ayudar a los jóvenes a recuperarse de las lesiones deportivas de las extremidades superiores. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos - Investigación de resultados.

Tai chi impacts on neuromuscular functions in the lower limbs of the elderly / Efeito do tai chi sobre as funções neuromusculares nos membros inferiores dos idosos / Efecto del tai chi en las funciones neuromusculares de los miembros inferiores de los ancianos

ABSTRACT Introduction: Exercise can retard the effects of aging and improve the physical function of the elderly. Tai Chi is a widespread exercise practice among the elderly in China. Although studies show the positive effects of Tai Chi practice, there is no consensus about compared studies. Objective: Evaluate the impact of regular Tai Chi exercise on neuromuscular stability in the lower limbs of elderly people, comparing the results of practitioners between sedentary and walking elderly groups. Methods: Twenty-two Tai Chi practitioners were selected, with a mean age of 59.3±3.5 years and a mean practice time of 18.4±13.2 years. This experiment mainly tests the balance ability compared to individuals practicing walking and other sedentary individuals. Results: The muscle strength of the knee flexors and extensors in the Tai Chi group was significantly greater than in the sedentary group (p=0.001 to 0.00160°/sec; P=0.002 to 60°/sec extensors; p=0.002 to 120°/sec; 120°/sec flexors, p=0.003). Similarly, there was a significant difference in muscle strength between the Tai Chi group and the walking group (the P values of the flexors and extensors at both speeds were less than 0.001). Conclusion: Tai Chi, as a regular exercise, can increase muscle strength of the general knee flexors and extensors and improve the neuromuscular stability of lower limbs in the elderly. Evidence Level II; Therapeutic Studies - Investigating the result.

RESUMO Introdução: Exercícios podem retardar os efeitos do envelhecimento e melhorar a função física dos idosos. O Tai Chi é uma prática popular de exercício entre os idosos na China. Embora haja estudos que evidenciem os efeitos positivos da prática de Tai Chi, ainda não há um consenso sobre os estudos comparados. Objetivo: Avaliar o efeito do exercício regular de Tai Chi sobre a estabilidade neuromuscular nos membros inferiores em idosos, comparando os resultados dos praticantes entre grupos idosos de sedentários e praticantes de caminhada. Métodos: Foram selecionados vinte e dois praticantes de Tai Chi, com idade média de 59,3±3,5 anos com tempo médio de prática de 18,4±13,2 anos. Este experimento testa principalmente a capacidade de equilíbrio comparando aos indivíduos que praticam caminhada e outros sedentários. Resultados: A força muscular dos flexores e extensores do joelho no grupo Tai Chi foi significativamente maior do que no grupo sedentário (p=0,001 a 0,00160°/s; P=0,002 a extensores de 60°/s; p=0,002 a 120°/s; flexores de 120°/seg, p=0,003). Similarmente, houve uma diferença significativa na força muscular entre o grupo Tai Chi e o grupo de caminhada (os valores P dos flexores e extensores em ambas as velocidades foram inferiores a 0,001). Conclusão: Exercícios regulares, como o Tai Chi, podem alterar a força muscular dos flexores e extensores gerais do joelho, e melhorar a estabilidade neuromuscular dos idosos nos membros inferiores. Nível de evidência II; Estudos Terapêuticos - Investigação de Resultados.

RESUMEN Introducción: Los ejercicios pueden retrasar los efectos del envejecimiento y mejorar la función física de las personas mayores. El Tai Chi es una práctica de ejercicio muy popular entre las personas mayores de China. Aunque hay estudios que demuestran los efectos positivos de la práctica del Tai Chi, todavía no hay consenso sobre los estudios comparativos. Objetivo: Evaluar el efecto del ejercicio regular de Tai Chi en la estabilidad neuromuscular de las extremidades inferiores en ancianos, comparando los resultados de los practicantes entre grupos de ancianos sedentarios y caminantes. Métodos: Se seleccionaron 22 practicantes de Tai Chi, con una edad media de 59,3±3,5 años y un tiempo medio de práctica de 18,4±13,2 años. Este experimento pone a prueba principalmente la capacidad de equilibrio en comparación con los individuos que practican caminata y otros sedentarios. Resultados: La fuerza muscular de los flexores y extensores de la rodilla en el grupo de Tai Chi fue significativamente mayor que en el grupo sedentario (p=0,001 a 0,00160°/seg; p=0,002 a 60°/seg extensores; p=0,002 a 120°/seg; 120°/seg flexores, p=0,003). Del mismo modo, hubo una diferencia significativa en la fuerza muscular entre el grupo de Tai Chi y el grupo de caminantes (los valores P de los flexores y extensores a ambas velocidades fueron inferiores a 0,001). Conclusión: Los ejercicios regulares, como el Tai Chi, pueden modificar la fuerza muscular de los flexores y extensores generales de la rodilla y mejorar la estabilidad neuromuscular de los ancianos en las extremidades inferiores. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos - Investigación de resultados.

Efecto del Tai Chi sobre la flexibilidad, fuerza y balance en adultos mayores autovalentes de la comunidad con riesgo de caídas. Estudio piloto / Effects of Tai Chi on flexibility, strength, and balance of community-dwelling older adults with high fall risk. A pilot study

Objetivo. Determinar el efecto de un programa de 7 semanas de Tai Chi sobre la flexibilidad, fuerza y balance en adultos mayores chilenos autovalentes de la comunidad con riesgo de caídas. Métodos. En este estudio piloto participaron 4 adultos mayores de la comunidad con riesgo de caída (prueba Timed Up and Go > 10 segundos), los cuales fueron entrenados con Tai Chi durante 7 semanas, con una frecuencia de 3 sesiones semanales. Cada sesión tuvo una duración de 60 minutos. Al inicio y al final del entrenamiento, se evaluó flexibilidad (alcance de dorso y alcanzar sentado en silla), fuerza muscular (fuerza prensil, pararse y sentarse en 30 segundos) y balance (prueba Timed Up and Go). Resultados. Las cuatro participantes finalizaron el entrenamiento sin eventos adversos. En todas ellas se observaron aumentos en el rendimiento de fuerza muscular de miembros superiores e inferiores, al igual que en flexibilidad. En términos de balance dinámico, todas las participantes mostraron mejoras disminuyendo los tiempos de ejecución de la prueba Timed Up & Go. Conclusiones. En este grupo de adultas mayores, un programa de Tai Chi de 7 semanas produjo mejoras en la fuerza y flexibilidad de extremidades superiores e inferiores, además de mejorar el balance dinámico.

Objective: To determine the effects of a 7-weeks Tai Chi program on flexibility, strength, and balance in self-valent community-dwelling older adults with fall risk. Methods: In this pilot study, 4 community-dwelling older adults with fall risk (Up & Go > 10 seconds), which were trained with a 7-weeks Tai Chi-based training program, with a frequency of three sessions per week. Each session lasted for 60 minutes. At the beginning and end of the study, flexibility (back scratch and chair sit & reach), muscle strength (grip strength and 30-seconds sit-to-stand), and balance (Timed Up & Go). Results: The four participants finalised the training programs without adverse events. In all of them, increases in upper and lower limb muscle strength and flexibility were seen. In terms of balance, all participants showed improvements by decreasing the execution times of the Up & Go. Conclusion: In this group of older adults, a 7-weeks Tai Chi-based training program induced improvements in upper and lower limb muscle strength and flexibility, along with improvements of dynamic balance.

Surface EMG Analysis on Pre-Activation and Co-Contraction of Knee and Ankle Joint in Brush-Knee Twist-Step / 医用生物力学

Objective To analyze muscle pre-activation and surface electromyography (sEMG) characteristics of knee and ankle joints of long-term Tai Chi practitioners during brush-knee twist-step and normal walking, and explore the neuromuscular control strategies of Tai Chi to prevent falls. Methods Vicon motion capture system, Kistler force plate, and Noraxon sEMG system were synchronously used to collect the EMG signals of the rectus femoris, biceps femoris, tibialis anterior muscle, lateral head of gastrocnemius and body posture information during brush-knee twist-step and normal walking. The pre-activation and co-contraction of knee and ankle joints were calculated by integrated EMG of the rectus femoris/biceps femoris, tibial anterior/lateral gastrocnemius muscles. Results Compared with normal walking, the average time of brush-knee twist-step in four phases was significantly increased. There was a significant difference in the percentage of time in four phases. The knee joint co-contraction level and pre-activation level decreased, and the ankle joint co-contraction level and pre-activation level increased. Conclusions Long-term Tai Chi exercises may increase the activation level of the muscles around knee joints and enhance the synergy in muscle groups to help stabilize the joint. The results provide references for rehabilitation assessment and training of neuromuscular control disorders.

A study of Tai Chi and Qigong popularity in the United States based on the NHIS data / 国际中医中药杂志

Tai Chi and Qigong (TCQ) are regarded as major therapies of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM), and welcomed by increasing practitioners worldwide for their efficacy in various health issues. To better learn about the popularity of TCQ in the United States, the related data collected from 2007, 2012 and 2017 questionnaires of the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) were examined and analyzed. The result showed that adult TCQ practitioners in the US increased substantially from 2007-2017, the percentage of Tai Chi practitioners in adult population was 1.0% in 2007, and Qigong practitioners 0.3%; Tai Chi practitioners was 1.1% in 2012, and Qigong practitioners 0.3%; in 2017, Tai Chi practitioners was 1.5%, and Qigong practitioners 0.5%. The top three reasons for using TCQ were: 82.4% for general wellness or disease prevention, 64.6% to improve or enhance energy, and 35.1% recommended by family, friends or co-workers. The health benefits of TCQ, the demand for complementary therapies and increasing research evidences were positive factors for the growth, while there are also challenges including insufficiencies in scientific researches and lacking of standardized teaching system. To promote the future development of TCQ in the US and oversea countries, we should optimize the research methods and standardize the teaching system, encourage the exchange and training of TCQ related professionals, and promote the integration of TCQ into conventional medical system and other related industries.

Uso de Tai Chi para la salud del adulto mayor: revisión bibliográfica / Use of Tai Chi for the health of the elderly: A bibliographic review / Uso do Tai Chi para a saúde de idosos: uma revisão bibliográfica

RESUMEN Introducción: La población de adultos mayores está incrementando y se observa la necesidad emergente de implementar estrategias dirigidas a recuperar o conservar su salud para que puedan gozar de una vejez plena. Técnicas como el Tai Chi podrían contribuir, ya que han mostrado tener múltiples beneficios para quien la práctica, tales como mejoras en la concentración, memoria, marcha, equilibrio, reducción del riesgo de caídas, fortalecimiento del sistema cardiovascular, reducción del estrés y la depresión, entre otros beneficios. Objetivo: Analizar la evidencia científica del uso del Tai Chi para conservar la salud del adulto mayor. Desarrollo: Revisión bibliográfica realizada durante el periodo 2013-2019 en distintas bases de datos como: Pubmed, Dialnet, SciELO, LILACS, ScienceDirect y Google Académico. Se utilizaron las palabras Tai Chi Chuan, Tai Ji Quan, Tai Chi. Aplicando los criterios de elegibilidad se seleccionaron 29 artículos. Resultados: Gran porcentaje de los artículos revisados estudian la atención de síntomas físicos que deterioran la movilidad del adulto mayor, sin embargo, también se encontraron investigaciones dirigidas a la parte psicológica, como el estrés, la ansiedad, el insomnio, la depresión y el enfado-tensión, en las cuales la práctica del Tai Chi demostró mejoría. Conclusiones: El Tai Chi es una terapia alternativa para prevenir y conservar la salud del adulto mayor, fácil de aprender y de bajo costo. En la revisión bibliográfica realizada no se reportan reacciones adversas durante ni después de la práctica de la técnica; el profesional de enfermería puede recomendarla ampliamente para ser implementada como un cuidado dirigido al adulto mayor.

ABSTRACT Introduction: The population of older adults is increasing and an emergent need to implement strategies aimed at recovering or maintaining their health is observed. In this sense, techniques such as Tai Chi could contribute because they have demonstrated bringing diverse benefits for those who practice them, including improvements in the concentration, memory, gait, and equilibrium, a reduction in the risk of falls, a strengthening of the cardiovascular system, and a reduction of stress and depression, among other benefits. Objective: To analyze the scientific evidence on the use of Tai Chi as a health promoter and preserver among older adults. Development: This bibliographic review was conducted during 2013-2019 on the Pubmed, Dialnet, SciELO, LILACS, ScienceDirect and Academic Google databases. The keywords used were Tai Chi Chuan, Tai Ji Quan, and Tai Chi. After filtering through the eligibility criteria, 29 articles were selected for the review. Results: An important percentage of the articles were focused on the attention to physical symptoms which impair the mobility of older adults; nevertheless, some studies addressed psychological issues such as stress, anxiety, sleep disorders, depression, and anger-tension, as well. In these studies, the practice of Tai Chi was associated with health improvements among older adults. Conclusions: Tai Chi is an alternative therapy to promote and maintain health among older adults. This technique is easy to learn, and its practice is not expensive. No adverse reactions during or after the practice of this technique were reported in the studies of this literature review. Therefore, the nursing professional can recommend Tai Chi practice to be implemented as a complementary healthcare measure for older adults.

RESUMO Introdução: A população de idosos está aumentando e observa-se a necessidade emergente de implementação de estratégias que visem a recuperação ou preservação da saúde para que possam desfrutar de uma velhice plena. Técnicas como o Tai Chi podem contribuir, dado que têm se mostrado múltiplos benefícios para quem o pratica, tais como melhora na concentração, memória, marcha, equilíbrio, redução do risco de quedas, fortalecimento do sistema cardiovascular, redução de estresse e depressão, entre outros benefícios. Objetivo: Analisar a evidência científica do uso do Tai Chi na preservação da saúde de idosos. Desenvolvimento: Revisão bibliográfica realizada no período 2013-2019 em diferentes bases de dados como: Pubmed, Dialnet, SciELO, LILACS, ScienceDirect e Google Academic. Foram utilizadas as palavras Tai Chi Chuan, Tai Ji Quan, Tai Chi. Aplicando os critérios de elegibilidade, foram selecionados 29 artigos. Resultados: Grande porcentagem dos artigos revisados estuda a atenção aos sintomas físicos que prejudicam a mobilidade do idoso, porém, as pesquisas também foram direcionadas à parte psicológica, como estresse, ansiedade, insônia, depressão e raiva-tensão, em que a prática do Tai Chi demonstrou melhora. Conclusões: O Tai Chi é uma terapia alternativa para prevenir e preservar a saúde do idoso, de fácil aprendizado e de baixo custo. Na revisão bibliográfica realizada, não foram relatadas reações adversas durante ou após a prática da técnica; o profissional de enfermagem pode recomendar veementemente que seja implementada como cuidado ao idoso.