Especialización o diversificación en el desarrollo deportivo: Una revisión integrativa / Specialization or Diversification in Sports Development: An Integrative Review / Especialização ou diversificação no desenvolvimento esportivo: uma revisão integrativa

Resumen Objetivo: Explorar y discutir literatura científica teórica y práctica para comparar la diversificación y la especialización deportivas tempranas como un enfoque deportivo y educativo. Métodos: Se realizó una revisión sistemática siguiendo las pautas PRISMA, se incluyó un total de 61 estudios. Resultados: Entrenadores, padres e hijos consideran que la mejor forma de desarrollar el talento deportivo y alcanzar la élite en el deporte es participar en una sola disciplina y hacerlo lo antes posible para lograr la especialización y las máximas habilidades técnicas, físicas y psicológicas. Los caminos de especialización deportiva pueden conducir a una situación física, social y mental que comprometa su desarrollo integral. Conclusión: Se puede plantear, en primer lugar, la diversificación deportiva en edades tempranas y luego la especialización; una vez alcanzadas las bases de la fuerza, el acondicionamiento y el entrenamiento neuromuscular, así como una maduración psicomotora específica, para que su rendimiento deportivo y su salud no se vean comprometidos en el mediano o largo plazo. Es necesario considerar que pocos niños logran obtener un lugar en los deportes de élite, por lo que, para muchos de ellos, la educación en torno al deporte será la base para el ejercicio de su ciudadanía como personas activas.

Abstract Purpose: To explore and discuss theoretical and practical scientific literature to compare sports diversification and early sports specialization as a sport and educational approach. Methods: A systematic review was conducted following PRISMA guidelines, and 61 studies were included. Results: Coaches, parents, and children consider that the best way to develop sports talent and enter the elite in sports is to practice a single discipline as early as possible to achieve specialization and maximum technical skills and physical and psychological conditions. Sports specialization paths may lead to a physical, social, and mental state that compromises their integral development. Conclusion: Sports diversification should be considered first at an early age and, afterward, the specialization once the bases of strength, conditioning, neuromuscular training, and a specific psychomotor maturation have been achieved, so that sports performance and health are not compromised in the medium or long term. It is necessary to consider that few children enter elite sports, so for many of them, sports education will be the basis for exercising their citizenship as active people.

Resumo Objetivos: Explorar e discutir literatura científica teórica e prática para comparar a diversificação e especialização esportiva precoce como uma abordagem esportiva e educacional. Métodos: uma revisão sistemática foi realizada seguindo as diretrizes do PRISMA, um total de 61 estudos foram incluídos Resultados: Treinadores, pais e crianças acreditam que a melhor maneira de desenvolver talentos esportivos e ingressar na elite do esporte é participar de uma única disciplina e fazer o mais cedo possível para alcançar a especialização e o máximo de habilidades técnicas, físicas e psicológicas. Os caminhos da especialização esportiva podem levar a uma situação física, social e mental que comprometa seu desenvolvimento integral. Conclusão: Primeiro, a diversificação esportiva pode ser considerada em uma idade precoce e depois a especialização, uma vez que os princípios básicos de força, condicionamento e treinamento neuromuscular tenham sido alcançados, bem como a maturação psicomotora específica para que seu desempenho esportivo e saúde não sejam comprometidos a médio ou longo prazo. É necessário considerar que poucas crianças conseguem obter um lugar nos esportes de elite, de modo que, para muitas delas, a educação em torno do esporte será a base para o exercício de sua cidadania como pessoas ativas.

Ensino, pesquisa e extensão em ginástica na região sul do Brasil: desenvolvimento e potencial crescimento / Teaching, research and extension in gymnastics at southern region of Brazil: development and potential growth / Enseñanza, investigación y extensión in gimnasia em la región sur de Brasil: desenvolvimiento y potencial crecimiento

Essa pesquisa estudou o perfil e a atuação acadêmica de 31 docentes que atuam com o ensino da Ginástica em 20 Instituições de Ensino Superior (IES) públicas da região Sul do Brasil, por meio de pesquisa documental. Foi constatada atuação majoritária de não-especialistas, que tematizam principalmente as ginásticas competitivas em suas disciplinas. As ações extensionistas e as publicações e orientações de pesquisas específicas sobre a Ginástica são incipientes e concentradas nos docentes especialistas. Destaca-se uma IES, com resultado do esforço pessoal de uma docente. O estudo sugere uma contraditória fragilidade dessa área na região que deu origem ao desenvolvimento desses saberes e práticas no Brasil, em comparação com outras regiões do Brasil (AU).

This research studied the profile and academic performance of 31 professors who work with Gymnastics teaching in 20 public Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) in the South region of Brazil through documentary research. Most non-specialists were found to be working, who mainly focused on competitive gymnastics in their disciplines. Extensionist actions and publications and specific research guidelines on Gymnastics are incipient and concentrated on specialist teachers. One HEI stands out because of the personal effort of a professor. The study suggests a contradictory fragility of this area in the region that gave rise to the development of this knowledge and practices in Brazil compared to other areas of Brazil (AU).

Esta investigación estudió el perfil y el desempeño académico de 31 profesores que actúan en la enseñanza de la Gimnasia en 20 Instituciones de Educación Superior (IES) públicas de la región Sur de Brasil a través de una investigación documental. Se encontró que la mayoría de los profesores son no especialistas y enfocaban principalmente en la gimnasia competitiva en sus disciplinas. Las acciones y publicaciones extensionistas y lineamientos de investigación específicos sobre Gimnasia soni ncipientes y concentrados en docentes especialistas. Una IES destaca como resultado del esfuerzo personal de una docente. El estudio sugiere una fragilidad contradictoria de esta área en la región que dio lugar al desarrollo de estas prácticas en Brasil (AU).

Fundamentos teóricos de una investigación sobre competencia profesional comunicativa en el docente de la educación médica superior

La competencia profesional comunicativa resulta una necesidad para el logro del desarrollo discursivo en las ciencias médicas, pero sucede que en numerosos casos se adolece de preparación didáctica por desconocimiento sobre competencia comunicativa. Es propósito de este texto fundamentar los presupuestos teóricos que sustentan los estudios sobre el desarrollo de la competencia comunicativa para el desempeño profesional del docente de la educación médica superior. El texto constituye una salida del proyecto de investigación no asociado al programa Perfeccionamiento de competencias profesionales en el contexto de la salud que lidera el Centro de Desarrollo de las Ciencias Sociales y Humanísticas en Salud. Se efectúo la búsqueda en bibliografía impresa y digital certificada, se consultaron bases de datos como SciELOCuba, SciELO Regional, los sitios web Organización Panamericana de la Salud, Organización Mundial de la Salud. El estudio de documentos propició la determinación de los presupuestos teóricos que sustentan el estudio que se desarrolló desde enero de 2021 a diciembre de 2023.

The talkative professional competition is vital in the educational one that imparts the subject History of Cuba in the Medical Sciences, but, it happens that in numerous cases didactic preparation suffers due to lack of knobbledge and communicative competence. It is purpose of this text to substantiate the theoretical assumptions that support studies on the development communicative for the professional performance of Cuban history teachers. It not belongs to the project associated to program: Improvement of professional competitions in the context of the health that leads the Center of Development of the Social and Humanistic Sciences in Health 2021-2023. You makes the search scientifically in certified printed and digital bibliography, databases like SciELOCuba are consulted, Regional SciELO, the places web Pan-American Organization of the Health, World Organization of the Health. The study of documents propitiated the elements to apply for the professors of the subject to reach the professional competition in the formative process.

Definición de calidad en salud en el contexto de los laboratorios clínicos docentes

El término calidad en los servicios de salud ha sido estudiado por múltiples autores, su conceptualización varía según el desarrollo de la humanidad y el momento histórico concreto, sin embargo, no se accede a información documentada en la cual se establezca su concepto para los laboratorios clínicos docentes, por lo cual el objetivo del artículo consistió en definir el término de calidad para los laboratorios clínicos docentes. Se realizó una revisión documental, con la utilización de descriptores del MeSH y DeCS, se accedió a un total de 87 artículos. Luego del análisis de 37 definiciones, se elaboró una base de datos con las 73 variables identificadas en las mismas. Se construyó una matriz, y a partir de un análisis clúster se confeccionó un dendograma. Las variables objeto de estudio se asociaron en seis grupos, lo que permitió enunciar el referido concepto.

The term quality in health services has been studied by multiple authors, its conceptualization varies according to the development of humanity and the specific historical moment, however, there is no access to documented information in which its concept is established for clinical laboratories. The objective of the article was to define the term quality for teaching clinical laboratories. A documentary review was carried out, using MeSH and DeCS descriptors, a total of 87 articles were accessed. After the analysis of 37 definitions, a database was created with the 73 variables identified therein. A matrix was constructed, and a dendrogram was created based on a cluster analysis. The variables under study were associated into six groups, which allowed the aforementioned concept to be stated.

Uso del Diseño Universal para el Aprendizaje para Mejorar la Práctica Docente y la Motivación de los Estudiantes en Anatomía: Una Propuesta de Intervención

En la asignatura de anatomía aún existen estudiantes que no se encuentran motivados con su propio proceso de aprendizaje. El rol del docente es un factor extrínseco clave que contribuye a dicha vinculación afectiva. El Diseño Universal para el Aprendizaje (DUA) es un modelo educativo que propone una serie de pautas de aplicación docente para poder activar en los alumnos sus redes neuronales afectivas, asociadas con la formación de estudiantes decididos y motivados. El objetivo de este estudio es crear una propuesta de intervención, basada en el uso selectivo de las pautas de compromiso afectivo del DUA, para mejorar la práctica docente y la motivación de los estudiantes en anatomía. Es una investigación acción que utiliza el modelo de Whitehead, implicando el cruce conceptual y metodológico entre las pautas de compromiso afectivo del DUA y las fases y factores que determinan la motivación. Corresponde a la programación de seis sesiones de laboratorio de anatomía, los instrumentos para la recopilación de la información y las técnicas de análisis de la misma. La propuesta de intervención presenta un valor teórico ya que fue diseñada a partir de un análisis exhaustivo del DUA y de las publicaciones existentes sobre la motivación, y un valor práctico que se sustenta en su aplicabilidad directa y recursiva en los laboratorios de anatomía y en la incorporación del DUA en el currículum de una asignatura de educación superior. La motivación es el motor de la educación, ya que impulsa y mantiene el quehacer académico tanto a nivel estudiantil como docente. El DUA permite que los docentes aborden la desmotivación de los estudiantes de una forma accesible, precisa y confiable, lo que llevó a considerarlo como uno de los pilares de la propuesta de intervención.

SUMMARY: In anatomy courses there are still students who are not motivated by their own learning process. The teacher´s role is a key extrinsic factor that contributes to this bonding process. Universal Design for Learning (UDL) is an educational model that proposes a series of teaching application guidelines to activate students' affective neural networks, associated with the formation of motivated students. The objective of this study is to create an intervention proposal, based on the selective use of the UDL affective commitment guidelines, to improve teaching practice and student motivation in anatomy. It is an action research that uses Whitehead's model, involving the conceptual and methodological intersection between the UDL's affective commitment guidelines and the phases and factors that determine motivation. It corresponds to the programming of six anatomy laboratory sessions, the instruments for collecting information and the techniques for analyzing it. The intervention proposal has a theoretical value since it was designed based on an exhaustive analysis of the UDL and existing publications on motivation, and a practical value that is based on its direct and recursive applicability in anatomy laboratories and in the incorporation of the UDL in the curriculum of a higher education subject. Motivation is the driving force of education, since it drives and maintains academic work at both the student and teacher level. The UDL allows teachers to address student lack of motivation in an accessible, precise and reliable way, considering this one of the pillars of the intervention proposal.

A Relevância da inclusão da abordagem interprofissional na graduação dos cursos de saúde / The relevance of including the interprofessional approach in the graduation of health courses

Investigar a presença da educação interprofissional nos cursos da área de saúde de um campus da Universidade do Estado de Minas Gerais (UEMG). Metodologia: estudo a abordagem quantitativa, descritiva e exploratória que analisou os projetos pedagógicos e aplicação de questionários. Resultados: a maioria dos participantes reconheceu a importância da interprofissionalidade, mas identificou desafios na comunicação e hierarquia entre profissões, além disso o estudo destaca a necessidade de melhor implementação da educação interprofissional na formação de saúde no Brasil. Considerações finais: A interprofissionalidade é crucial na formação de profissionais de saúde, mas ainda não está amplamente integrada nos currículos acadêmicos, requerendo mais estudos para sua inclusão efetiva.(AU)

To investigate the presence of interprofessional education in health courses at a campus of the State University of Minas Gerais (UEMG). Methodology: a quantitative, descriptive and exploratory study that analyzed pedagogical projects and questionnaires. Results: The majority of participants recognized the importance of interprofessionality, but recoganize the challenges in communication and hierarchy between professions. In addition, the study highlights the need for better implementation of interprofessional education in health training in Brazil. Final considerations: Interprofessionality is crucial in the training of health professionals, but it is not yet widely integrated into academic curricula, requiring further studies for its effective inclusion.(AU)

Investigar la presencia de la educación interprofesional en los cursos de salud en un campus de la Universidad Estatal de Minas Gerais (UEMG). Metodología: estudio cuantitativo, descriptivo y exploratorio que analizó proyectos pedagógicos y cuestionarios. Resultados: la mayoría de los participantes reconoció la importancia de la interprofesionalidad, pero identificó desafíos en la comunicación y la jerarquía entre las profesiones. Además, el estudio destaca la necesidad de una mejor implementación de la educación interprofesional en la formación sanitaria en Brasil. Consideraciones finales: La interprofesionalidad es crucial en la formación de los profesionales de la salud, pero aún no está ampliamente integrada en los currículos académicos, por lo que se requieren más estudios para su inclusión efectiva.(AU)

Formación de la cultura metrológica desde las potencialidades del deporte y la Educación Física

Este artículo trata la formación de la cultura metrológica, en los estudiantes de la Educación Preuniversitaria, desde las potencialidades del deporte y las clases de Educación Física, como uno de los elementos que debe ser priorizado en el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje de la Física y como parte de la preparación de los estudiantes para la vida. El objetivo de este trabajo consistió en diseñar un sistema de tareas docentes integradoras que permita aprovechar las potencialidades del deporte, en general, y las clases de Educación Física, en particular para la formación de la cultura metrológica en los estudiantes de décimo grado. Para el desarrollo de la investigación se utilizaron los métodos: analítico-sintético, inductivo-deductivo, modelación, observación, análisis documental, encuesta, entrevista y estadística descriptiva que permitieron procesar la información referente al tema objeto de investigación; así como determinar las causas de las insuficiencias que se presentan en el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje de la Física, para la formación de la cultura metrológica de los estudiantes de décimo grado. El sistema de tareas docentes integradoras propuesto se caracterizó por armonizar núcleos conceptuales básicos para el tratamiento a los contenidos metrológicos como son la estimación y medición de magnitudes y la conversión de unidades de medida; además de aprovechar las potencialidades del deporte y las clases de Educación Física.

Este artigo trata da formação da cultura metrológica em alunos da Educação Pré-Universitária, a partir das potencialidades das aulas de esportes e de Educação Física, como um dos elementos que devem ser priorizados no processo de ensino-aprendizagem de Física e como parte da preparação dos alunos para a vida. O objetivo deste trabalho foi conceber um sistema de tarefas didáticas integradoras que permita aproveitar as potencialidades do esporte, em geral, e das aulas de Educação Física, em particular, para a formação da cultura metrológica em alunos do décimo ano. Para desenvolver a pesquisa foram utilizados os seguintes métodos: analítico-sintético, indutivo-dedutivo, modelagem, observação, análise documental, levantamento, entrevista e estatística descritiva que permitiram o tratamento das informações referentes ao tema sob investigação; bem como determinar as causas das insuficiências que surgem no processo de ensino-aprendizagem de Física, para a formação da cultura metrológica dos alunos do décimo ano. O sistema de tarefas de ensino integrativo proposto caracterizou-se por harmonizar núcleos conceituais básicos para o tratamento de conteúdos metrológicos como a estimativa e medição de grandezas e a conversão de unidades de medida; além de aproveitar o potencial das aulas de esportes e Educação Física.

This article deals with the formation of metrological culture in Pre-University Education students, from the potential of sports and Physical Education classes, as one of the elements that must be prioritized in the teaching-learning process of Physics and as part of preparing students for life. The objective of this work was to design a system of integrative teaching tasks that allows taking advantage of the potential of sport, in general, and Physical Education classes, in particular, for the formation of metrological culture in tenth grade students. To develop the research, the following methods were used: analytical-synthetic, inductive-deductive, modeling, observation, documentary analysis, survey, interview and descriptive statistics that allowed the processing of information regarding the topic under investigation; as well as determine the causes of the insufficiencies that arise in the teaching-learning process of Physics, for the formation of the metrological culture of tenth grade students. The proposed system of integrative teaching tasks was characterized by harmonizing basic conceptual cores for the treatment of metrological content such as the estimation and measurement of magnitudes and the conversion of measurement units; in addition to taking advantage of potential of the sports and Physical Education classes.

Religiosidade/espiritualidade no processo de formação do profissional de saúde: relato de experiência / Religiosity/spirituality in the health professional training process: experience report / Religiosidad/espiritualidad en el proceso educativo de profesionales de la salud: relato de experiencia

INTRODUÇÃO: Por muito tempo os profissionais de saúde seguiram um modelo com uma visão fragmentada do cuidado, focado apenas na doença. Atualmente, esse modelo tem mudado e os profissionais têm adotado uma visão integral do sujeito, ampliando o entendimento de saúde para aspectos biopsicossociais e espiritual no conceito multidimensional de saúde. OBJETIVOS: analisar o processo de formação do profissional de saúde durante a pós-graduação sobre a inclusão da religiosidade e espiritualidade como prática de cuidado em saúde, e identificar as etapas vivenciadas. MÉTODO: Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa, que tem como base metodológica um relato de experiência de março de 2021 a novembro de 2022, a partir da prática de uma residente fisioterapeuta do Programa Multiprofissional em Clínica da Pessoa e da Família. RESULTADOS E DISCUSSÃO: Foram definidos a divisão e o compartilhamento de algumas fases de aprendizado durante a residência: (1) Desconhecimento sobre o tema na graduação, (2) Introdução teórica ao tema da Espiritualidade e (3) Abordagem com os pacientes e os impactos na minha formação. A análise das etapas foi realizada com base nas leituras de artigos científicos realizadas para embasamento do presente estudo. CONSIDERAÇÕES FINAIS: É importante que mais estudos sobre o tema sejam desenvolvidos, com objetivo de incentivar discussões sobre o assunto nas universidades, para que futuros profissionais de saúde tenham uma formação humanizada, ademais, desenvolver métodos eficazes para integração da espiritualidade na prática clínica e construir/validar escalas no Brasil.

INTRODUCTION: For a long time, health professionals followed a model with a fragmented view of care, focused only on the disease. Currently, this model has changed and professionals have adopted an integral view of the subject, expanding the understanding of health to biopsychosocial and spiritual aspects in the multidimensional concept of health. OBJECTIVES: analyze the training process of health professionals during postgraduate studies on the inclusion of religion and spirituality as a health care practice, identifying the stages experienced. METHOD: This is qualitative research and its methodological basis is an experience report from March 2021 to November 2022, based on the practice of a physiotherapist resident of the Multiprofessional Program in Clínica da Pessoa e da Família. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: It was defined the division and sharing of some learning phases during the residency: (1) Lack of knowledge about the subject in graduation, (2) Theoretical introduction to the theme of Spirituality and (3) Approach with patients and the impacts on my training. The analysis of the stages was carried out based on the readings of scientific articles carried out for the basis of the present study. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS: It is important that more studies on the subject be developed with the aim of encouraging discussions on the subject in universities so that future health professionals have a humanized training, in addition, to develop effective methods for integrating spirituality into clinical practice and to build/validate scales in Brazil.

INTRODUCCIÓN: Durante mucho tiempo, los profesionales de la salud siguieron un modelo con una visión fragmentada del cuidado, centrado únicamente en la enfermedad. Actualmente, ese modelo ha cambiado y los profesionales han adoptado una visión integral del tema, ampliando la comprensión de la salud a aspectos biopsicosociales y espirituales en el concepto multidimensional de la salud. OBJETIVOS: analizar el proceso de formación de los profesionales de la salud durante los estudios de posgrado sobre la inclusión de la religión y la espiritualidad como práctica de atención a la salud, identificando las etapas vividas. MÉTODO: Esta es una investigación cualitativa y su base metodológica es un relato de experiencia de marzo de 2021 a noviembre de 2022, basado en la práctica de un fisioterapeuta residente del Programa Multiprofesional en la Clínica da Pessoa e da Família. RESULTADOS Y DISCUSIÓN: Se definió la división y puesta en común de algunas fases de aprendizaje durante la residencia: (1) Falta de conocimiento sobre el tema en la graduación, (2) Introducción teórica al tema de la Espiritualidad y (3) Acercamiento con los pacientes y los impactos en mi entrenamiento. El análisis de las etapas se realizó a partir de las lecturas de artículos científicos realizadas para la base del presente estudio. CONSIDERACIONES FINALES: Es importante que se desarrollen más estudios sobre el tema con el objetivo de incentivar discusiones sobre el tema en las universidades para que los futuros profesionales de la salud tengan una formación humanizada, además de desarrollar métodos efectivos para integrar la espiritualidad en la práctica clínica y para construir/validar escalas en Brasil.

Ensino remoto de educação em saúde na pós-graduação em saúde coletiva: possibilidades no contexto da pandemia de covid-19 / Remote teaching of health education in the postgraduate program in collective health: possibilities in the context of the covid-19 pandemic / Enseñanza a distância de educación para la salud en el posgrado en salud colectiva: posibilidades en el contexto de la pandemia del covid-19

O ensino remoto emergencial ocasionou mudanças no processo de ensino-aprendizagem, requisitando criatividade e incorporação de novas estratégias pedagógicas. Aqui, o objetivo é descrever a experiência de ensino-aprendizagem na disciplina educação em saúde, no contexto da pandemia de covid-19. Trata-se de um relato de experiência sobre o ensino remoto de educação em saúde no Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Coletiva da Universidade Estadual do Ceará, no período letivo 2021.1. A disciplina foi ministrada por meio da plataforma Google Meet®, adotando-se estratégias ativas de ensino-aprendizagem. Os conteúdos mostraram--se relevantes. Ademais, a experiência promoveu a articulação teórico-prática, valorizou os saberes prévios dos pós-graduandos e estimulou a interatividade. Buscou-se superar o modelo tradicional de ensino, com vistas a propiciar autonomia e uma aprendizagem significativa. Os desafios encontrados e as possibilidades identificadas permitem a reflexão sobre a práxis docente, no que tange ao estímulo à participação e ao engajamento discente em ambiente virtual, além da incorporação de estratégias ativas de ensino, sobretudo no ensino remoto.

Emergency remote teaching caused changes in the teaching-learning process, requiring creativity and the incorporation of new pedagogical strategies. Here, the objective is to describe the teaching-learning experience in the health education discipline, in the context of the covid-19 pandemic. This is an experience report on remote teaching of health education in the postgraduate program in public health, at the Ceará State University, Brazil, in the 2021.1 academic period. The classes were given using the Google Meet® platform, adopting active teaching-learning strategies. The contents proved to be relevant. Moreover, the experience promoted theoretical-practical articulation, valued the prior knowledge of the postgraduate students and encouraged interactivity. We sought to overcome the traditional teaching model, in order to provide autonomy and a meaningful learning. The challenges experienced and the possibilities identified allow reflection on teaching practice in terms of encouraging student participation and engagement in a virtual environment, in addition to the incorporation of active teaching strategies in especially remote teaching.

La educación remota de emergencia provocó cambios en el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje, requiriendo creatividad y la incorporación de nuevas estrategias pedagógicas. El objetivo aquí es describir la experiencia de enseñanza-aprendizaje en la disciplina educación para la salud, en el contexto de la pandemia covid-19. Se trata de un relato de experiencia sobre la enseñanza remota de educación para la salud en el programa de posgrado en Salud Pública, de la Universidad Estadual de Ceará, en el período académico 2021.1. El curso se impartió utilizando la plataforma Google Meet®, adoptando estrategias activas de enseñanza-aprendi-zaje. Los contenidos han demonstrado ser relevantes. Además, la experiencia fomentó la articulación teó-rico-práctica, valoró los conocimientos previos de los estudiantes de posgrado y impulsó la interactividad. Buscamos superar el modelo de enseñanza tradicional, con el propósito de proporcionar autonomía y un aprendizaje significativo. Los desafíos enfrentados y las posibilidades identificadas permiten reflexionar sobre la práctica docente, en relación a incentivar la participación y el compromiso de los estudiantes en un ambiente virtual, además de la incorporación de estrategias activas en la enseñanza remota.

Food consumption and remote working conditions among Brazilian Primary Schools teachers during the COVID-19 pandemic / Consumo de alimentos y condiciones de trabajo remoto en maestros brasileños de básica durante la pandemia de COVID-19

Introduction: Teaching work, which is characterized by being exhausting, with a significant workload, with synchronous and/or asynchronous remote classes. Objective: To describe associations between the working conditions of school teachers at home and their food consumption during the suspension of face-to-face classes. Materials and methods: Cross-sectional study using a self-administered online questionnaire with 15,372 working teachers from Minas Gerais, Brazil. The dependent variables analyzed were the consumption of healthy and unhealthy foods. Independent variables included sociodemographic factors, remote work conditions, understanding of online technologies, computer access, and quality of Internet connection. The Poisson model with robust variance was used to determine the association between working conditions and food consumption. Results: In the analysis of the adjusted multivariate model, there was a significant association between eating habits and the following variables: gender, age, working hours (per week), feelings regarding teachers' work during the pandemic, working hours during the pandemic and quality work internet connection. Our data shows that teachers' remote working conditions are associated with worse food consumption. They also showed that working hours equal to or greater than 40 hours per week, feelings of dissatisfaction with working conditions during the pandemic, increased working hours during the pandemic and poor quality of internet connection were variables correlated with the consumption of unhealthy foods. Conclusions: Remote working conditions during the pandemic influenced primary school teachers' food choices. More studies are needed to delve deeper into issues related to teachers' working conditions and the implications for food choices(AU)

Introducción: La labor docente se caracteriza por ser agotadora, con una importante carga horaria, con clases remotas síncronas y/o asíncronas. Objetivo: Describir la asociación existente entre las condiciones del trabajo remoto de los docentes de la educación básica y el consumo de sus alimentos durante el período de suspensión de las clases presenciales. Métodos: Es un estudio transversal mediante cuestionario en línea autoadministrado con 15.372 docentes activos en Minas Gerais, Brasil. Las variables dependientes analizadas fueron el consumo de los alimentos saludables y de los no saludables. Las variables independientes incluyeron los factores sociodemográficos, las condiciones del trabajo remoto, la comprensión de las tecnologías en línea, el acceso a las computadoras así como la calidad de la conexión a la Internet. Se utilizó el modelo de Poisson con variación robusta para determinar la asociación entre las condiciones del trabajo y el consumo de los alimentos. Resultados: En el análisis del modelo multivariado ajustado hubo una asociación significativa entre los hábitos alimentarios y las siguientes variables: el género, la edad, la jornada laboral semanal, el sentimiento sobre el trabajo durante la pandemia, la jornada laboral durante la pandemia y la calidad de la conexión a la internet. Nuestros datos demuestran que las condiciones del trabajo remoto de los docentes están asociadas con un empeoramiento en el consumo de los alimentos. También mostraron que la jornada laboral igual o superior a unas 40 horas semanales, los sentimientos de insatisfacción con las condiciones laborales, el aumento de la jornada laboral y la mala calidad de la conexión a la Internet durante la pandemia fueron variables correlacionadas con el consumo de alimentos no saludables. Conclusiones: Las condiciones del trabajo remoto durante la pandemia influyeron en las elecciones alimentarias de los docentes de la educación básica. Se necesitan más estudios para profundizar en los aspectos relacionados con las condiciones laborales de los docentes y sus implicaciones en la elección de sus alimentos(AU)

Estrategias didácticas para la enseñanza de la anatomía humana en la Universidad Austral de Chile

La presente revisión narrativa propone caracterizar las estrategias didácticas actualmente utilizadas en el Instituto de Anatomía, Histología y Patología (IAHP) de la Universidad Austral de Chile (UACh), para la enseñanza-aprendizaje de la anatomía humana en los alumnos de las escuelas de Enfermería, Kinesiología, Medicina, Obstetricia y Puericultura, Odontología y Terapia Ocupacional de su Facultad de Medicina. Se listan las diversas estrategias didácticas implementadas y se explica la manera en que se han venido aplicando en esta institución a fin de perfeccionar la enseñanza anatómica, considerando los retos y desafíos que demandan las generaciones actuales de estudiantes y la dinámica del mundo contemporáneo.

This narrative review aims to describe the didactic strategies currently employed by the Institute of Anatomy, Histology, and Pathology at the Universidad Austral de Chile (UACh) for teaching Human Anatomy to students in the Nursing, Kinesiology, Medicine, Obstetrics and Childcare, Dentistry, and Occupational Therapy programs of its Faculty of Medicine. The implemented teaching strategies for improving anatomical teaching in this institution are listed and explained, considering the challenges posed by current generations of students and the dynamics of the contemporary world.

Descentralización en la formación de especialistas en Pediatría en la Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República. Uruguay

Introducción: centralizar estudios superiores en Montevideo implica para las familias del interior del país gastos económicos, desarraigo familiar y pérdida de recursos humanos. La formación de especialistas en Pediatría en el interior comenzó en la década de 1980. En los últimos años se ha fortalecido, agregando escenarios de aprendizaje, docentes, recursos didácticos y evaluaciones. Objetivo: describir la experiencia en la descentralización de la docencia de especialistas en Pediatría entre 2007 y 2021 en los departamentos de Maldonado, Paysandú, Rivera y Salto. Metodología: estudio descriptivo, incluyendo estudiantes del posgrado de especialistas en Pediatría que realizaron su formación en Maldonado, Paysandú, Rivera y Salto, entre 2007 y 2021. Se describe el número de especialistas formados, las características personales o familiares que incidieron en la decisión de realizar el curso en el interior, desempeño curricular, lugar de ejercicio profesional, recursos humanos docentes disponibles. Resultados: en el período analizado 88 estudiantes cursaron el posgrado en las ciudades evaluadas, 33 en régimen de residencia. Eran oriundos/residentes del lugar, 78. Egresaron 57; 19 se encontraban cursando, 4 abandonaron. Un porcentaje variable de las instancias obligatorias del curso se realizaron en el interior. El tiempo promedio para realizar todas las actividades obligatorias fue de 3,3 años. Ejercen en el lugar de formación o en ciudades cercanas, 60. Paysandú y Salto cuentan con 34 horas docentes/semana. Maldonado con 6 horas docentes/semana y docentes honorarios. Rivera cuenta con docentes/tutores honorarios. Conclusiones: la descentralización de la docencia de Pediatría es un gran logro para las ciudades del interior, que forman sus propios recursos humanos, permitiendo que se radiquen en estas ciudades. Es necesario mejorar la oferta de actividades curriculares y horas docentes.

Introduction: Centralizing higher education studies in Montevideo entails economic expenses, family uprooting, and loss of human resources for families living in the interior of Uruguay. The training of pediatric specialists outside the capital city began in the 1980s. In recent years, this innovations has been reinforced by adding learning scenarios, teachers, didactic resources, and evaluations. Objective: to describe the experience of decentralizing the teaching of pediatric specialists between 2007 and 2021 in Maldonado, Paysandú, Rivera, and Salto. Method: Descriptive study, including postgraduate students of pediatris who completed their training in Maldonado, Paysandú, Rivera, and Salto between 2007 and 2021. The study describes the number of specialists trained, personal or family characteristics that influenced the decision to take the course in the interior, academic performance, place of professional practice, and available teaching staff. Results: during the study period, 88 students undertook postgraduate studies in the evaluated cities, 33 of which studied in a residency program. Of these, 78 were native to or residents of the area. Fifty six pediatricians graduated, 18 were still enrolled, and 4 dropped out. A variable percentage of the course's mandatory components were conducted in the interior. Average time to complete all mandatory activities was 3.3 years. Sixty graduates practice in the place of training or in nearby cities. Paysandú and Salto have 34 hours of teaching per week; Maldonado has 6 hours per week and honorary teachers. Rivera has honorary teachers/tutors. Conclusions: the decentralization of pediatric teaching is a significant achievement for inland cities in the interior of the country, as it allows them to train their own human resources, enabling them to settle in these cities. There is a need to improve the offer of curricular activities and teaching hours.

Introdução: a centralização do ensino superior em Montevidéu implica custos econômicos para as famílias do interior do país, o desenraizamento familiar e a perda de recursos humanos. A formação de especialistas em Pediatria no interior do país começou na década de 1980. Nos últimos anos foi fortalecida acrescentando cenários de aprendizagem, professores, recursos didáticos e avaliações. Objetivo: descrever a experiência de descentralização do ensino de especialistas em Pediatria entre 2007 e 2021 nos departamentos de Maldonado, Paysandú, Rivera e Salto. Metodologia: estudo descritivo, incluindo estudantes de pós-graduação em Pediatria que se formaram em Maldonado, Paysandú, Rivera e Salto, no período 2007-2021. Descrevemos o número de especialistas formados, as características pessoais ou familiares que influenciaram a decisão de fazer o curso no interior do país, o desempenho curricular, o local de prática profissional e recursos humanos docentes disponíveis. Resultados: no período analisado, 88 alunos fizeram a pós-graduação nas cidades avaliadas, 33 deles em regime de residência. Eram nativos/residentes no local, 78. 57 terminaram a pós-graduação, 19 ainda estavam em formação e 4 desistiram. Uma porcentagem variável das disciplinas obrigatórias do curso foi cursada no interior do país. O tempo médio para a realização das atividades obrigatórias foi de 3,3 anos. Sessenta trabalham no lugar de pós-graduação ou en cidades próximas. Paysandú y Salto tem 34 horas docentes/semana, Maldonado 6 horas docentes/semana e docentes honorários. Rivera tem docentes/tutores honorários. Conclusões: a descentralização do ensino de Pediatria é uma grande conquista para as cidades do interior, que formam seus próprios recursos humanos, permitindo que se estabeleçam nessas cidades. É necessário melhorar a oferta de atividades curriculares e a carga horária de ensino.

Enseñanza de la Anatomía Humana en la Universidad Austral de Chile: Pasado, Presente y Futuro / Teaching of Human Anatomy at the Universidad Austral de Chile: Past, Present and Future

La presente revisión narrativa trata de caracterizar como ha sido el proceso de enseñanza de la anatomía en la Universidad Austral de Chile (UACh), presentando una visión histórica desde los inicios de la Universidad a los tiempos actuales y una reflexión sobre el futuro de la Anatomía Humana. Se describen los orígenes del Instituto de Anatomía de la UACh, primeros académicos, logros institucionales, convenios interinstitucionales; además, se detallan los métodos y estrategias educativas utilizadas en la actualidad para la enseñanza anatómica y se presenta una visión panorámica del porvenir como instituto de docencia e investigación en el campo de la Anatomía humana.

SUMMARY: This narrative review tries to characterize how the anatomy teaching process has been carried out at the Universidad Austral de Chile (UACh), presenting a historical vision from the beginnings of the University to the present time and a reflection on the future of Human Anatomy. The origins of the Human Anatomy Institute at the UACh, first academics, institutional achievements, inter-institutional agreements are described; in addition, the educational methods and strategies currently used for anatomical teaching are detailed and a panoramic vision of the future as a teaching and research institute in the field of human anatomy is presented.

Programa pedagógico tradicional de la parasitología humana o médica / Traditional educational program of human or medical parasitology

RESUMEN Es fundamental la enseñanza de la parasitología humana para los estudiantes de las carreras de ciencias de la salud, especialmente la médica, por ser un importante problema de salud pública con distribución mundial, con alta frecuencia en países de bajos recursos económicos y por su presencia en aquellos países considerados desarrollados. En este sentido, se estima que existen en el mundo 2800 millones de individuos infectados con geohelmintos, 20 % a 30 % de infectados con Toxoplasma gondii, 300 a 500 millones de casos nuevos de malaria al año y aproximadamente 15 millones de latinoamericanos con enfermedad de Chagas, una enfermedad causada por el Trypanosoma cruzi. En este artículo de revisión narrativa se analiza información disponible en repositorios digitales sobre aspectos del programa pedagógico tradicional de la parasitología humana o médica, para lo cual se emplearon descriptores o palabras clave en estrecha relación con el tema. Los artículos que se revisaron principalmente fueron aquellos publicados en revistas científicas arbitradas, indexadas y de reconocido prestigio. Asimismo, se describen el programa tradicional de parasitología y la pedagogía prevalente empleada, con el propósito de fomentar el debate sobre los métodos que conducen a su aprendizaje. Por otro lado, si se consideran el carácter dinámico que posee este proceso y los constantes desafíos que deben afrontarse en este campo, esta información puede ayudar a explorar nuevas formas de enseñar la parasitología en respuesta a las exigencias del contexto. En conclusión, las enfermedades parasitarias han afectado a la humanidad a lo largo de la historia, y han causado enfermedades, discapacidad y la muerte de millones de personas. Por tanto, entre las medidas para combatir tan terrible flagelo se señala la capacitación de más y mejores profesionales en el área, por su papel preponderante en el diseño y ejecución de los programas de control, de lo que se desprende la necesidad de describir en detalle las características de la enseñanza tradicional de esta rama del conocimiento ―como se muestra en el contenido de este escrito― en virtud de la existencia de nuevos métodos de enseñanza humana: la enseñanza participativa, aprendizaje basado en problemas y aprendizaje asistido por internet.

ABSTRACT The teaching of human parasitology is essential for students of health sciences, especially medicine, because it is a major global public health problem―occurring with high frequency in low-income countries―and because of its presence in countries considered developed. In this sense, it is estimated that worldwide there are 2,800 million individuals infected with soil-transmitted helminths, 20 to 30% people infected with Toxoplasma gondii, 300 to 500 million new cases of malaria per year, and nearly 15 million Latin Americans with Chagas disease, an infection caused by Trypanosoma cruzi. This narrative review article analyzes information available in digital repositories on aspects of the traditional educational program of human or medical parasitology using descriptors or keywords closely related to the topic. The reviewed articles were mainly those published in peer-reviewed, indexed and prestigious scientific journals. Moreover, the traditional program of parasitology and the prevailing pedagogy are described with the purpose of encouraging discussion on the methods that lead to its learning. Also, given the dynamic nature of this process and the constant challenges that must be faced in this field, said information can help to explore new ways of teaching parasitology in answer to the demands of the context. In conclusion, parasitic diseases have affected humankind throughout history, causing illness, disability and death in millions of people. Therefore, among the measures to fight such a terrible scourge, the training of more and better professionals in the area is promoted due to their leading role in the design and execution of control programs. As a result, the need to describe in detail the characteristics of the traditional teaching of this branch of knowledge arises―as shown in this paper―in view of the new human teaching methods: participatory learning, problem-based learning and Internetassisted learning.

La investigación en las escuelas de las ciencias de la salud / Research in schools of health sciences

RESUMEN La investigación se erige como un pilar fundamental que distingue a la universidad como una entidad de relevancia institucional y social. Esta afirmación es particularmente verídica en el ámbito de las ciencias de la salud, donde no solo se espera que las instituciones educativas generen conocimiento en beneficio de la sociedad, sino que también moldeen individuos capacitados para sumergirse en la investigación y fortalecer esta premisa vital. En este contexto, emergen conceptos intrincados que delinean la naturaleza y el propósito de la investigación en el ámbito académico. La investigación científica, por un lado, se alza como el motor principal que impulsa el avance del conocimiento, y pone énfasis en el método riguroso y sistemático para desentrañar los misterios de la realidad. Por otro lado, la formación para la investigación se erige como un vehículo educativo primordial para cultivar mentes analíticas y curiosas, que dota a los futuros profesionales con las herramientas necesarias para indagar y contribuir al progreso científico. Asimismo, la investigación formativa, si bien menos conocida, desempeña un rol crucial al integrar la investigación en la experiencia de aprendizaje, lo cual fomenta habilidades de pensamiento crítico y resolución de problemas desde etapas tempranas. En esta travesía educativa e investigativa, diversos actores y componentes adquieren protagonismo. Los institutos de investigación se presentan como pilares fundamentales, ya que proporcionan el ambiente propicio para la colaboración interdisciplinaria y el florecimiento de ideas innovadoras. Los docentes, por su parte, ejercen un rol de guías y mentores, transmitiendo su experiencia y conocimientos a las nuevas generaciones de profesionales. Además, las actividades extracurriculares o extraprogramáticas en el área de la investigación surgen como terrenos fértiles para la expansión de horizontes intelectuales, que ofrecen espacios para la exploración creativa y la aplicación práctica de los conocimientos adquiridos por los alumnos. No obstante, estos conceptos y componentes no están exentos de desafíos y controversias en su integración dentro de los programas académicos. La implementación de estos enfoques en los niveles de pregrado y posgrado requiere un análisis profundo de sus objetivos y metas específicas. Las discusiones en torno a la ponderación del tiempo y los recursos dedicados a la investigación frente a otros aspectos curriculares son una constante. La presente revisión se propone delinear y definir de manera precisa los conceptos de investigación científica, formación para la investigación e investigación formativa, así como subrayar el papel cardinal que desempeñan los institutos de investigación, los docentes y las actividades extracurriculares en la configuración de programas académicos en el ámbito de las ciencias de la salud.

ABSTRACT Research stands as a fundamental pillar that recognizes the university as an entity of institutional and social relevance. This statement is particularly true in the field of health sciences, where educational institutions are expected not only to generate knowledge for the benefit of society but also to shape individuals capable of immersing themselves in research and strengthening this vital premise. In this context, intricate concepts that outline the nature and purpose of research in the academia emerge. Scientific research, on the one hand, arises as the driving force behind the advancement of knowledge, emphasizing rigorous and systematic methods to unravel the mysteries of reality. On the other hand, research training stands as a pivotal educational vehicle for nurturing analytical and curious minds, providing future professionals with the necessary tools to inquire and contribute to scientific progress. Similarly, formative research, although less known, plays a crucial role in integrating research into the learning experience, which fosters critical thinking skills and problem-solving abilities from early stages. In this educational and research journey, various actors and components take center stage. Research centers arise as fundamental pillars, as they provide the conducive environment to interdisciplinary collaboration and development of innovative ideas. Educators, on their part, play the role of counselors and mentors by sharing their experience and knowledge with the new generations of professionals. Furthermore, extracurricular or nonacademic activities in the area of research emerge as fertile grounds for the expansion of intellectual horizons, offering spaces for creative exploration and practical application of the knowledge acquired by students. However, these concepts and components are not free of challenges and controversies when integrating into the academic programs. Implementing these approaches at the undergraduate and graduate levels requires an in-depth analysis of their specific objectives and goals. Discussions regarding the balance of time and resources devoted to research versus other curricular aspects remain a constant. This review aims to accurately outline and define the concepts of scientific research, research training and formative research, as well as to highlight the leading role played by research centers, educators and extracurricular activities in shaping academic programs in the field of health sciences.

Current situation analysis and suggestions on clinical pharmacy undergraduate internship education in China / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE To provide a reference for the improvement of the clinical pharmacy undergraduate internship education in China. METHODS The status of clinical pharmacy undergraduate internship education in China was briefly summarized， and suggestions on its future development based on advanced methods of domestic and abroad were provided. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS In China， undergraduate students of clinical pharmacy were required to undergo hospital internships for no less than 42 weeks. The internship took place in both pharmacy and clinical departments in hospitals. Students’ performance was usually assessed at the end of the internship. The mainstream teaching patterns included on-site teaching， simulation teaching， case-based discussion teaching， medical and pharmaceutical joint teaching， team-based teaching， academic exchange， and so on. The form of assessment had also shifted from final evaluations to more dynamic formats. The clinical pharmacy undergraduate internship education in China can adopt teaching models such as the layered teaching approach， establish pre-internship assessment or training， and encourage interns to participate in social pharmacy practice and directly interact with patients， etc.， so as to improve the effect of internship.

Thinking on ideological and political education in Medical Parasitology teaching / 中国血吸虫病防治杂志

With the deepening reform of ideological and political education, Medical Parasitology teaching needs to update the teaching concept, change the teaching ideas, as well as keep trying to combine ideological and political education with the curriculum content closely. In addition to teaching students’ basic knowledge and practical skills, teachers are needed to cultivate their moral literacy and political awareness through course teaching, so as to provide the basis for students’ subsequent adaptations to social environments and jobs. Currently, the study of ideological and political education in Medical Parasitology teaching is still in the exploratory stage. Therefore, colleges and universities need to carry out effective construction of ideological and political education in Medical Parasitology teaching, in order to achieve good teaching outcomes and provide insights into ideological and political education in teaching.

Effects of happy physical education on physical education learning burnout, body shape and mental health of college students / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To explore the effects of happy physical education based on constructivism on physical education learning burnout, body shape and mental health of college students, so as to provide a reference for the reform of physical education teaching in universities.@*Methods@#By using cluster sampling method, students from two teaching classes of the 2022 physical badminton elective course were enrolled as the research objects at Shanghai Institute of Commerce and Foreign Languages from September to December 2022. They were randomly divided into experimental group ( n =38) and control group ( n =40) by drawing lots. The control group received routine physical education teaching for 16 weeks, with 2 class hours weekly and 45 minutes per class hour. While the experimental group was given happy physical education based on constructivism, with a teaching process of building a framework, independent exploration, collaborative learning, and effect evaluation. The idea was to integrate Happy Sports into badminton technology and tactical training courses, emphasizing the fun of sports activities, and drawing on various forms of sports games when designing sports activities. Two groups of students were tested for body shape, surveyed with the Physical Education Learning Burnout Scale and Symptom Check List-90 (SCL-90). The scores of Physical Education Learning Burnout Scale, body mass index (BMI), waist to hip ratio, body fat rate and SCL-90 were compared between the two groups by t-test, Chi-square test and Fisher s exact probability test.@*Results@#At the end of the semester, BMI [(21.58±1.59,22.30±1.46)kg/m 2], waist to hip ratio (0.75±0.08, 0.79 ±0.07) and body fat rate [(19.77±2.50)%,(21.02±2.46)%] in experimental group were lower than those in control group ( t= -2.09, -2.35, -2.23, P <0.05). The scores of depression (15.10±3.92,17.24±4.18), improper behaviors (13.60±3.05,15.48± 3.52 ) and low sense of achievement (5.52±1.36,6.54±1.42) and total score of Physical Education Learning Burnout Scale ( 34.22± 7.55,39.26±7.86) in experimental group were lower than those in control group ( t=-2.33, -2.52, -3.24, -2.89, P <0.05). The scores of somatization (16.27±3.75,18.57±4.12), interpersonal sensitivity (14.30±4.57,16.85±4.21), depression (17.02±3.89,19.36±4.28) and anxiety (12.68±3.96,15.32±3.87), and total scores of SCL-90 (127.87±22.54,140.54±25.83) in experimental group were lower than those in control group ( t=-2.57, -2.57, -2.52, -3.00, -2.30, P <0.05).@*Conclusions@#The happy physical education mode based on constructivism can alleviate learning burnout, improve mental health and optimize body shape of college students. Appropriate reforms should be made to the teaching mode of physical education in universities to promote the physical and mental health development of college students.

Using an anatomic model to teach female stress incontinence to gynecologic residents‑in‑training: A prospective cohort study / Philippine Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology

Background@#Stress urinary incontinence (SUI) is a complex condition with a multifactorial etiology that makes its concepts challenging to teach. This study aimed to assess the efficacy of simulation-based training (SBT) with an anatomic teaching model in improving the understanding of SUI among gynecologic residents-in-training. @*Objective@#The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of SUI simulation-based teaching in enhancing the learning experience for gynecologic residents-in-training. The secondary objective was to gather feedback from participants with the intent to further enhance existing teaching methodologies.@*Materials and Methods@#This was a descriptive prospective study within a single institution, involving gynecologic residents-in-training. Participants were given an anatomic teaching tool to construct, followed by an SUI lecture. Pre- and posttest Multiple Choice Questions were administered to assess the efficacy of the teaching tool in improving the participants’ understanding of SUI. Frequency and percentages were used to describe the categorical variables, whereas continuous variables were described using mean and standard deviation. Paired t-test was used to compare the pre- and posttest scores. ANOVA was used to compare the pre- and posttest scores of participants by year level. A P < 0.05 is statistically significant. A separate Likert-scale questionnaire, to evaluate changes in participant’s self-assessment on learning, response to teaching content and resources, and overall feedback of the SBT was used.@*Results@#There were 50 gynecologic residents-in-training that were included in the study. The mean posttest score is significantly higher (6.4 vs. 3.48) than the pretest score, with a mean difference of 3.48. The mean posttest score is significantly different between the year levels with a P < 0.05, with senior residents-in-training performing best. Although participants with only gynecologic conferences as SUI reference performed best, the mean pre- and posttest scores were not statistically different with respect to SUI education exposure. With the use of an anatomic SUI model, the number of correct answers for questions pertaining to anatomy, physiology, and pathophysiology was consistently higher in the posttest scores as compared to the pretest scores but did not reach statistical significance. The majority of participants strongly agree to recommend the course to a colleague.@*Conclusion@#This study supports the use of simple, low-fidelity physical teaching tools in improving the understanding of SUI in gynecologic residents-in-training. Considering the ease of production, improved test scores, and participants’ enthusiasm, the incorporation of the anatomic teaching tool for its use in SUI education should be encouraged.

Thinking and Research on Aesthetic Education in Medical Ethics Course from the Perspective of Aesthetic Education / 中国医学伦理学

As an important carrier of cultivating people with virtue, curriculum aesthetic education combines aesthetic education with professional courses and general courses, and brings it into the whole process of professional talent cultivation. As the core course of medical humanistic education, Medical Ethics not only has natural affinity with aesthetic education, but also has the functions of emotional aesthetic education, rational aesthetic education and human aesthetic education. Through the analysis of aesthetic education points in Medical Ethics, this paper put forward the implementation path to realize the function of the curriculum aesthetic education: exert aesthetic influence on medical students with the help of aesthetic media, guide medical students’ aesthetic attitude, and then make medical students learn to feel, appreciate beauty through practice and sharing ideas, before or after class, online or offline, so as to contribute to the cultivation of high-quality medical talents with lofty aesthetic pursuit and noble-personality cultivation.