Percepção do enfermeiro sobre os cuidados relacionados ao extravasamento de drogas antineoplásicas / Percepción de profesionales de enfermería sobre los cuidados relacionados con la extravasación de medicamentos antineoplásicos / Perception of the nursing professional about the care related to extravasation of antineoplastic drugs

Introdução: O uso de quimioterapias antineoplásicas atuando a nível celular com objetivo de tratar as neoplasias malignas, pode levar ao surgimento da toxicidade dermatológica, ocasionada pelo extravasamento, que consiste em um dano tecidual decorrente da infiltração, por via endovenosa, dos quimioterápicos aos tecidos circunvizinhos do local puncionado, necessitando de uma atuação profissional rápida e efetiva para evitar desfechos desfavoráveis para o paciente. Objetivo: Compreender a percepção do enfermeiro sobre os cuidados relacionados ao extravasamento de drogas antineoplásicas. Método: Trata-se de um estudo de campo, descritivo-exploratório com abordagem qualitativa, realizado com quinze enfermeiros que atuam no ambulatório e enfermarias da oncologia adulto de uma instituição hospitalar filantrópica localizada em Recife/Pernambuco, Brasil. Os dados foram coletados entre janeiro e dezembro de 2020 através de entrevista e passaram por análise de conteúdo temática-categorial. Resultados: Emergiram duas categorias. Cuidados preventivos: da identificação dos fatores de riscos à educação do paciente e equipe de saúde; Cuidados diretos: da identificação da ocorrência ao gerenciamento institucional do evento. Conclusão: Compreendeu-se que a percepção do enfermeiro destaca a importância do planejamento da assistência, incluindo a intervenção imediata, o registro do evento e o acompanhamento do paciente após o extravasamento, como forma de realizar um cuidado especializado e com maior segurança.

Introducción: El uso de quimioterapias antineoplásicas que actúan a nivel celular con el objetivo de tratar neoplasias malignas puede conducir a la aparición de toxicidad dermatológica. Esta es causada por extravasación, que consiste en daño tisular producto de la infiltración, por vía endovenosa, de los agentes quimioterápicos a los tejidos circundantes del sitio de punción. Lo anterior, requiere una actuación profesional rápida y eficaz para evitar resultados desfavorables para la persona. Objetivo: Comprender la percepción de profesionales de enfermería sobre el cuidado relacionado con la extravasación de fármacos antineoplásicos. Método: Se trata de un estudio de campo descriptivo-exploratorio con abordaje cualitativo, realizado con quince personas enfermeras que actúan en las salas de oncología de población adulta y ambulatoria de un hospital filantrópico ubicado en Recife/Pernambuco, Brasil. Los datos fueron recolectados entre enero y diciembre de 2020, a través de entrevistas y fueron sometidos a análisis de contenido por categorías temáticas. Resultados: Emergieron dos categorías: atención preventiva (desde la identificación de factores de riesgo hasta la educación de la persona y del equipo de salud) y atención directa (desde la identificación de la ocurrencia hasta la gestión institucional del evento). Conclusión: Se entendió que la percepción de la persona profesional de enfermería destaca la importancia de la planificación del cuidado, incluyendo la intervención inmediata, el registro de eventos y el seguimiento después de la extravasación, como forma de realizar cuidados especializados y con mayor seguridad.

Introduction: The use of antineoplastic chemotherapies acting at the cellular level with the aim of treating malignant neoplasms can lead to the emergence of dermatological toxicity caused by extravasation. This toxicity consists of tissue damage resulting from the infiltration, by intravenous route, of the chemotherapeutic agents to the surrounding tissues, requiring quick and effective professional action to avoid unfavorable outcomes for the patient. Objective: To understand the nurses' perception of care related to extravasation of antineoplastic drugs. Method: This is a descriptive-exploratory field study with a qualitative approach; it was carried out with fifteen nurses who work in the outpatient and adult oncology wards of a philanthropic hospital located in Recife/Pernambuco, Brazil. Data were collected between January and December 2020 through interviews and underwent thematic-category content analysis. Results: Two categories emerged: Preventive Care: from the identification of risk factors to the patient and health team education; and Direct Care: from the identification of the occurrence to the institutional management of the event. Conclusion: It was understood that the nurse's perception highlights the importance of care planning, including immediate intervention, event registration, and patient follow-up after extravasation, to perform specialized care and with greater safety.

Respuesta inmunológica a la vacunación y riesgo de COVID-19 en adultos con neoplasias hematológicas / Immunological response to vaccination and risk of COVID-19 in adults with hematological malignancies

Los pacientes con malignidades hematológicas tienen un riesgo más alto de hospitalización, admisión a cuidado crítico y muerte cuando contraen COVID-19. En este grupo se ha propuesto la vacunación y los refuerzos para disminuir el riesgo de complicaciones. Sin embargo, es posible ver una pobre respuesta humoral y celular a las vacunas. En esta revisión se presenta la evidencia sobre la respuesta a la vacunación, poniendo de presente algunas patologías y tratamientos que pueden disminuirla de forma significativa. Los pacientes con neoplasias hematológicas se deben considerar en riesgo de complicaciones, incluso después de haber sido vacunados de forma completa y haber recibido los refuerzos. Se debe mantener la vigilancia de forma estrecha después de haber sido vacunados y evaluar la posibilidad de otras estrategias (medicamentos, anticuerpos monoclonales) para la prevención o el manejo de COVID-19.

Patients with hematological malignancies have a higher risk of hospital admission, critical care and death when they suffer from COVID-19. In this group of patients, vaccination and boosters have been proposed to mitigate the risk of complications. However, it is possible to observe a diminished rate of humoral and cellular response. In this review, evidence is shown about the response to COVID-19 vaccination, considering some specific pathologies and treatments that can affect such response in a significant account. Patients with malignant neoplasm must be considered at risk of COVID-19 complications, even after a complete vaccine schedule and boosters. Surveillance must be maintained after vaccination over these patients and other strategies must be considered (drugs, monoclonal antibodies) for prevention and management of COVID-19.

Carcinogenic drug exposure among health-sector workers: the need for exposure assessment and surveillance / Exposición a medicamentos cancerígenos en trabajadores del sector de la salud: necesidad de evaluación y vigilancia de la exposición / Exposição a fármacos carcinogênicos entre profissionais de saúde: necessidade de avaliação e vigilância da exposição

ABSTRACT Antineoplastic drugs (ANDs) used for chemotherapy can cause secondary cancers in treated patients and can pose carcinogenic risks to health-sector workers anywhere along these drugs' life cycle in a facility, from production to patient administration. Several PAHO/WHO Collaborating Centers (CCs) have experience addressing these hazards in the health sector. The objectives of this report are four-fold: 1) Provide an overview of longstanding research and prevention efforts, led by PAHO/WHO and its Occupational Health CCs, aimed at reducing the burden of occupational cancer in the Americas; 2) Discuss how robust AND exposure assessment and educational/outreach work by PAHO CCs can form the basis of exposure mitigation efforts among health-sector workers; 3) Through the presentation of original AND exposure assessment data from a pharmaceutical compounding facility in Chile, highlight relatively inexpensive methods by which such data can be generated; and 4) Discuss how effective, periodic environmental surveillance in healthcare facilities results in the identification of AND contamination in the work environment and enables the implementation of low-cost, high-impact interventions to reduce the risk of occupational cancer in health-sector workers, including in limited-resource settings. The risk of health-sector worker exposure to ANDs and other hazardous drugs is an important issue for inclusion within PAHO/WHO's broader efforts at reducing the impact of occupational cancer in the Americas. This report demonstrates that a wide range of accessible AND-exposure mitigation strategies are feasible at both a facility and a national policy level across the hemisphere.

RESUMEN Los medicamentos antineoplásicos empleados en quimioterapia pueden causar distintos tipos de tumores secundarios en pacientes tratados y presentar riesgos cancerígenos para los trabajadores del sector de la salud en cualquier momento del ciclo de vida de estos medicamentos en las instalaciones, desde su producción hasta su administración al paciente. Varios centros colaboradores de la OPS/OMS tienen experiencia en cuanto a cómo abordar estos peligros en el sector de la salud. Este informe persigue cuatro objetivos: 1) ofrecer una visión general de la labor de investigación y prevención de larga data, liderada por la OPS/OMS y sus centros colaboradores de salud ocupacional, encaminada a reducir la carga del cáncer ocupacional en la Región de las Américas; 2) abordar cómo una evaluación sólida de la exposición a los medicamentos antineoplásicos y la labor educativa y divulgativa de los centros colaboradores de la OPS pueden sentar las bases de los esfuerzos de mitigación de la exposición en los trabajadores del sector de la salud; 3) mediante la presentación de datos originales sobre la evaluación de la exposición a los medicamentos antineoplásicos en una instalación de compuestos farmacéuticos en Chile, destacar métodos relativamente asequibles gracias a los cuales se pueden recopilar dichos datos; y 4) examinar cómo la vigilancia ambiental efectiva y periódica en los centros de salud permite detectar casos de contaminación de medicamentos antineoplásicos en el entorno de trabajo y facilita la ejecución de intervenciones de bajo costo y alto impacto para reducir el riesgo de cáncer ocupacional en los trabajadores del sector de la salud, incluso en entornos de recursos limitados. El riesgo de exposición de los trabajadores del sector de la salud a los medicamentos antineoplásicos y otros medicamentos peligrosos es una cuestión importante para su inclusión en los esfuerzos más amplios de la OPS/OMS para reducir los efectos del cáncer ocupacional en la Región de las Américas. En este informe se demuestra que una amplia gama de estrategias accesibles de mitigación de la exposición a los medicamentos antineoplásicos es factible tanto a nivel de las instalaciones como de las políticas nacionales en toda la Región.

RESUMO Os medicamentos antineoplásicos usados para quimioterapia podem causar cânceres secundários em pacientes tratados e apresentar riscos carcinogênicos aos profissionais de saúde em qualquer momento do ciclo de vida desses fármacos dentro de um estabelecimento, desde sua produção até a administração ao paciente. Vários centros colaboradores da OPAS/OMS têm experiência em lidar com esses riscos no setor de saúde. Este relatório tem quatro objetivos: 1) fornecer uma visão geral dos esforços de longa data em pesquisa e prevenção liderados pela OPAS/OMS e por seus centros colaboradores de saúde ocupacional, cuja meta é reduzir a carga do câncer ocupacional nas Américas; 2) discutir como uma avaliação robusta da exposição aos antineoplásicos e o trabalho de extensão/educacional dos centros colaboradores da OPAS/OMS podem embasar os esforços de mitigação da exposição entre os profissionais de saúde; 3) por meio da apresentação de dados originais de avaliação da exposição a antineoplásicos obtidos de uma central de manipulação de medicamentos no Chile, destacar métodos relativamente econômicos para gerar esse tipo de dados; e 4) discutir como a vigilância ambiental eficaz e periódica em estabelecimentos de saúde resulta na identificação de contaminação por antineoplásicos no ambiente de trabalho e permite a implementação de intervenções de baixo custo e alto impacto para reduzir o risco de câncer ocupacional em profissionais de saúde, inclusive em contextos de recursos limitados. O risco de exposição dos profissionais de saúde aos medicamentos antineoplásicos e outros fármacos perigosos é uma questão importante a ser incluída nos esforços mais amplos da OPAS/OMS de reduzir o impacto do câncer ocupacional nas Américas. Este relatório demonstra a viabilidade de uma ampla gama de estratégias acessíveis de mitigação da exposição aos antineoplásicos, tanto no nível das instituições quanto no âmbito de políticas nacionais em todo o hemisfério.

Desafios terapêuticos da mucosite oral em oncopediatria / Therapeutic challenges of oral mucositis in pediatric oncology

O Neuroblastoma (NB) é uma neoplasia do sistema nervoso simpático, e o segundo tumor sólido maligno extracraniano mais comum da infância. Na terapia antineoplásica, complicações orais podem ser observadas, dentre elas a mucosite oral (MO). Trata-se de uma inflamação aguda da mucosa, proveniente da toxicidade dos quimioterápicos. Este relato de caso enfatiza o manejo da MO, bem como sua influência na condição sistêmica e qualidade de vida. Paciente do sexo feminino, nove anos, apresentou recidiva de NB metastático, após tratamento de primeira linha. Admitida na unidade hospitalar para tratamento oncológico na enfermaria de pediatria oncológica, queixando-se de dor intensa em cavidade bucal e orofaringe, associada a pancitopenia severa febril. Ao exame físico apresentava disfagia e déficit ponderal grave, que debilitava a deglutição da própria saliva. O exame intraoral revelou lesões de MO grau 3, segundo a Organização Mundial de Saúde (OMS), em lábios, gengiva anterior e orofaringe. O tratamento consistiu em remoção de debris local, higiene da cavidade bucal com clorexidina 0,12% e utilizando haste flexível de algodão estéril tipo "Swab", visando controle microbiano local, diariamente. Além disso, foi aplicado no leito eritematoso e hemorrágico fotobiomodulação (660 nm, 50 mW, 2 J/cm2, 90 segundos) pontualmente nas áreas do leito da lesão e em varredura na região de orofaringe (sessões intercaladas). Foi prescrito acetato de racealfatocoferol (vitamina E) para ação antioxidante e hidratação dos lábios. Concomitante a mucosite, a paciente apresentou pancitopenia febril severa, sendo necessário uso de cefepima 150 mg/kg/dia, com coleta prévia de hemoculturas, fator estimulador de colônias de granulócitos, Fluconazol, hidratação e suporte nutricional. As hemoculturas foram negativas. As consequências da mucosite contribuíram para desnutrição e piora da qualidade de vida. Conclui-se que a intervenção odontológica em interdisciplinaridade, possibilitou o restabelecimento físico e emocional, possibilitando melhor uma qualidade de vida da paciente (AU).

Neuroblastoma (NB) is a neoplasia of the sympathetic nervous system and the second most common extracranial malignant solid tumor in childhood. In antineoplastic therapy, oral complications can be observed in antineoplastic therapy, among them oral mucositis (OM). It is an acute mucosa inflammation resulting from the toxicity of chemotherapy drugs. This case report emphasizes the management of OM and its influence on the systemic condition and quality of life. A female patient, nine years old, presented a recurrence of metastatic NB after first-line treatment. She was admitted to the hospital unit for oncological therapy in the pediatric oncology ward, complaining of severe pain in the oral cavity and oropharynx associated with severe febrile pancytopenia. On physical examination, she presented dysphagia and severe weight deficit, which weakened the swallowing of her saliva. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), the intraoral exam revealed third-grade OM lesions on the lips, anterior gum, and oropharynx. Treatment consisted of removing local debris, cleaning the oral cavity with 0.12% chlorhexidine, and using a flexible, sterile cotton swab, aiming for daily local microbial control. In addition, photobiomodulation (660 nm, 50 mW, 2 J/cm2, 90 seconds) was applied to the erythematous and hemorrhagic bed, punctually in the areas of the lesion and sweeps in the oropharynx region (interspersed sessions). Racealphatocopherol acetate (vitamin E) was prescribed for antioxidant action and lip hydration. Concomitant with mucositis, the patient had severe febrile pancytopenia, requiring cefepime 150 mg/kg/day, with previous collection of blood cultures, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, fluconazole, hydration, and nutritional support. Blood cultures were negative. The consequences of mucositis contributed to malnutrition and worsened quality of life. It is concluded that the interdisciplinary dental intervention enabled physical and emotional restoration, enabling a better quality of life for the patient (AU).

Aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 rs671 genetic polymorphisms are associated with chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting / 南方医科大学学报

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the correlation between aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) rs671 polymorphisms and chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV).@*METHODS@#A total of 90 Chinese patients with malignant tumors receiving chemotherapy for the first time were recruited in this study. The occurrence of CINV was observed within 120 h after treatment with docetaxel and cis-platinum chemotherapy (DP regimen). The data of the patients (including age, gender, tumor stage, habitual alcohol consumption, motion sickness, morning sickness, and average sleep time prior to chemotherapy) were collected through a questionnaire. ALDH2 rs671 polymorphisms of the patients were analyzed using a multiple single nucleotide polymorphism genotyping, and the Hardy-Weinberg equation was used for genetic linkage analysis. The correlations between the factors including ALDH2 rs671 polymorphisms and the occurrence of CINV were analyzed.@*RESULTS@#The incidence of CINV was 48.9% among the patients receiving their first chemotherapy with DP regimen. Univariate analysis indicated that the genetic polymorphisms of ALDH2 rs671 were significantly correlated with the occurrence of CINV (P < 0.05). Multivariate logistic analysis indicated that ALDH2 rs671 mutation (OR: 3.019, 95% CI: 1.056-8.628, P < 0.05) and average sleep time prior to chemotherapy no longer than 6 h (OR: 2.807, 95% CI: 1.033-7.628, P < 0.05) were risk factors for CINV in patients with malignant tumors receiving the first chemotherapy with DP regimen.@*CONCLUSION@#ALDH2 gene mutation at rs671 is a risk factor contributing to the occurrence of CINV, and understanding of the underlying mechanism may help to more effectively control the occurrence of CINV.

Expert consensus on the clinical application of antibody drug conjugates in the treatment of malignant tumors (2023 edition) / 中华肿瘤杂志

Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) are a class of targeted biological agents that link cytotoxic drugs to monoclonal antibodies through linkers. The monoclonal antibody targets tumor cells and transports small-molecule cytotoxic drugs for specific delivery and minimal off-target side effects. September 30, 2022, 14 anti-tumor ADC drugs have been approved for marketing in the world, and four ADCs have been approved in China. With the improvement of the clinical accessibility of ADC drugs, clinicians urgently need to understand the molecular characteristics and mechanisms of ADCs, and clarify the indications for rational use of drugs. Patients' survival mainly depends on the appropriate dose and course of treatment and also on proper management of adverse reactions. In view of this, on the basis of the "Expert Consensus on the Clinical Application of Antibody-drug Conjugates for the Treatment of Malignant Tumors (2020 edition)" , Professional Committee on Clinical Research of Oncology Drugs, Chinese Anti-Cancer Association fully combines the existing clinical research evidence and the feasibility of current ADC drugs in China to update the consensus content. This consensus aims to provide a systematic overview of ADC drugs, so as to provide practical and effective suggestions and references for clinicians to apply and manage ADC drugs more accurately.

To compare the efficacy and incidence of severe hematological adverse events of flumatinib and imatinib in patients newly diagnosed with chronic phase chronic myeloid leukemia / 中华血液学杂志

Objective: To analyze and compare therapy responses, outcomes, and incidence of severe hematologic adverse events of flumatinib and imatinib in patients newly diagnosed with chronic phase chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) . Methods: Data of patients with chronic phase CML diagnosed between January 2006 and November 2022 from 76 centers, aged ≥18 years, and received initial flumatinib or imatinib therapy within 6 months after diagnosis in China were retrospectively interrogated. Propensity score matching (PSM) analysis was performed to reduce the bias of the initial TKI selection, and the therapy responses and outcomes of patients receiving initial flumatinib or imatinib therapy were compared. Results: A total of 4 833 adult patients with CML receiving initial imatinib (n=4 380) or flumatinib (n=453) therapy were included in the study. In the imatinib cohort, the median follow-up time was 54 [interquartile range (IQR), 31-85] months, and the 7-year cumulative incidences of CCyR, MMR, MR(4), and MR(4.5) were 95.2%, 88.4%, 78.3%, and 63.0%, respectively. The 7-year FFS, PFS, and OS rates were 71.8%, 93.0%, and 96.9%, respectively. With the median follow-up of 18 (IQR, 13-25) months in the flumatinib cohort, the 2-year cumulative incidences of CCyR, MMR, MR(4), and MR(4.5) were 95.4%, 86.5%, 58.4%, and 46.6%, respectively. The 2-year FFS, PFS, and OS rates were 80.1%, 95.0%, and 99.5%, respectively. The PSM analysis indicated that patients receiving initial flumatinib therapy had significantly higher cumulative incidences of CCyR, MMR, MR(4), and MR(4.5) and higher probabilities of FFS than those receiving the initial imatinib therapy (all P<0.001), whereas the PFS (P=0.230) and OS (P=0.268) were comparable between the two cohorts. The incidence of severe hematologic adverse events (grade≥Ⅲ) was comparable in the two cohorts. Conclusion: Patients receiving initial flumatinib therapy had higher cumulative incidences of therapy responses and higher probability of FFS than those receiving initial imatinib therapy, whereas the incidence of severe hematologic adverse events was comparable between the two cohorts.

Consensus on clinical diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of chemotherapy-induced neutropenia in China (2023 edition) / 中华肿瘤杂志

Chemotherapy-induced neutropenia (CIN) is a common hematological adverse events and dose-limiting toxicities of chemotherapy. CIN may lead to dose reduction and delay of chemotherapeutic agents, febrile neutropenia and severe infection, which results in increased treatment cost, reduced efficacy of chemotherapy, and even life-threatening morbidities. Assessment of risk of CIN, early detection of FN and infection, and proper prevention and treatment play a crucial role in reducing the occurrence of CIN-related morbidities, improving patient treatment safety and anticancer efficacy. Based on evidence and expert opinion, the expert committee of Chinese Anti-Cancer Association issued "the consensus on diagnosis and treatment of chemotherapy-induced neutropenia in China (2023 edition)", which is an update version of the 2019 edition, aiming to provide reference for the diagnosis and treatment of CIN for Chinese oncologists.

Clinical tolerability and pharmacokinetics of troxacitabine / 中华肿瘤杂志

Objective: To investigate the safety and efficacy of troxatabine in advanced or relapsed malignant tumors resistant to standard therapy in China. Methods: This is a phase Ⅰ prospective study. During dose escalation, patients in Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences received a single-dose intravenous infusion of troxacitabine. The planned dosing groups were 1.8, 3.6, 4.8, 6.4 and 8.0 mg/m(2) on days 1 and 8 every 3 weeks. The data of all patients were collected for safety analyses. Safety and tolerability were evaluated by monitoring adverse events. Results: Nineteen patients were enrolled from April 2018 to May 2019. The major adverse events were fatigue (89.5%, 17/19), leukopenia (84.2%, 16/19) and neutropenia (78.9%, 15/19). The dose limiting toxicity was neutropenia. The maximum tolerated dose was 6.4 mg/m(2). The best effect was stable disease (43.8%). The half-life of elimination phase from 15.91 hours to 76.63 hours in each dose group. Conclusions: The toxicity of troxacitabine is well tolerant. We recommend that the dose for Phase Ⅱ clinical trial should be 6.4 mg/m(2).

Research progress on oxaliplatin-induced neurotoxicity in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and western medical cognition and prevention and treatment by TCM / 中国中药杂志

Chemotherapy is one of the main options in clinical tumor treatment. Although chemotherapy drugs have a good therapeutic effect, they can also cause a series of adverse reactions, such as neurotoxicity. Chemotherapy-induced neurotoxicity is a dose-limi-ting adverse reaction that significantly affects patients' long-term treatment and quality of life. This article reviewed literature from 2000 to the present on chemotherapy-induced neurotoxicity and found that oxaliplatin was the most frequently used chemotherapy drug. Based on the clinical characteristics of oxaliplatin-induced neurotoxicity, this article summarized the understanding of its pathogenesis from both traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) and western medicine perspectives, discussed the role and mechanism of TCM compounds and monomeric components, and explored the research direction of using cutting-edge biotechnology to reveal the mechanism of oxaliplatin-induced neurotoxicity from a temporal-spatial perspective of intercellular communication and the application prospects of an interdisciplinary model combining TCM pathogenesis, western medicine manifestations, and artificial intelligence in precise intervention decision-making for TCM, aiming to provide research ideas for the prevention and treatment of oxaliplatin-induced neurotoxicity and the development of new drugs.

Mitigation of cisplatin induced nephrotoxicity by casticin in male albino rats / Mitigação da nefrotoxicidade induzida pela cisplatina pela casticina em ratos albinos machos

Cisplatin (CP) is a commonly used, powerful antineoplastic drug, having numerous side effects. Casticin (CAS) is considered as a free radical scavenger and a potent antioxidant. The present research was planned to assess the curative potential of CAS on CP persuaded renal injury in male albino rats. Twenty four male albino rats were distributed into four equal groups. Group-1 was considered as a control group. Animals of Group-2 were injected with 5mg/kg of CP intraperitoneally. Group-3 was co-treated with CAS (50mg/kg) orally and injection of CP (5mg/kg). Group-4 was treated with CAS (50mg/kg) orally throughout the experiment. CP administration substantially reduced the activities of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), glutathione S-transferase (GST), glutathione reductase (GSR), glutathione (GSH) content while increased thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) levels. Urea, urinary creatinine, urobilinogen, urinary proteins, kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1), and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) levels were substantially increased. In contrast, albumin and creatinine clearance was significantly reduced in CP treated group. The results demonstrated that CP significantly increased the inflammation indicators including nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), Interleukin-1β (IL-1β), Interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) activity and histopathological damages. However, the administration of CAS displayed a palliative effect against CP-generated renal toxicity and recovered all parameters by bringing them to a normal level. These results revealed that the CAS is an effective compound having the curative potential to counter the CP-induced renal damage.

A cisplatina (CP) é uma droga antineoplásica poderosa, comumente usada, com vários efeitos colaterais. Casticin (CAS) é considerado um eliminador de radicais livres e um potente antioxidante. A presente pesquisa foi planejada para avaliar o potencial curativo da CAS em lesão renal induzida por PC em ratos albinos machos. Vinte e quatro ratos albinos machos foram distribuídos em quatro grupos iguais. O Grupo 1 foi considerado grupo controle. Os animais do Grupo 2 foram injetados com 5 mg / kg de PB por via intraperitoneal. O Grupo 3 foi cotratado com CAS (50 mg / kg) por via oral e injeção de CP (5 mg / kg). O Grupo 4 foi tratado com CAS (50 mg / kg) por via oral durante todo o experimento. A administração de CP reduziu substancialmente as atividades de catalase (CAT), superóxido dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), glutationa S-transferase (GST), glutationa redutase (GSR), glutationa (GSH), enquanto aumentou as substâncias reativas ao ácido tiobarbitúrico (TBARS) e níveis de peróxido de hidrogênio (H2O2). Os níveis de ureia, creatinina urinária, urobilinogênio, proteínas urinárias, molécula 1 de lesão renal (KIM-1) e lipocalina associada à gelatinase de neutrófilos (NGAL) aumentaram substancialmente. Em contraste, a albumina e a depuração da creatinina foram significativamente reduzidas no grupo tratado com PC. Os resultados demonstraram que a CP aumentou significativamente os indicadores de inflamação, incluindo fator nuclear kappa-B (NF-κB), fator de necrose tumoral-α (TNF-α), interleucina-1β (IL-1β), interleucina-6 (IL-6) níveis e atividade da ciclooxigenase-2 (COX-2) e danos histopatológicos. No entanto, a administração de CAS apresentou um efeito paliativo contra a toxicidade renal gerada por CP e recuperou todos os parâmetros, trazendo-os a um nível normal. Estes resultados revelaram que o CAS é um composto eficaz com potencial curativo para combater o dano renal induzido por CP.

Laserterapia transcutânea para efeitos adversos hematopoiéticos de quimioterápicos antineoplásicos: Ensaio clínico randomizado / Terapia con láser transcutáneo para los efectos adversos hematopoyéticos de la quimioterapia antineoplásica: Ensayo clínico aleatorizado / Transcutaneous laser therapy for hematopoietic adverse effects of antineoplastic chemotherapeutics: Randomized clinical trial

Objetivo. Avaliar a eficácia dos protocolos de aplicação transcutânea do Intravenous Laser Irradiation of Blood 30' e 60', sobre os efeitos adversos no tecido hematopoiético por agentes quimioterápicos antineoplásicos endovenosos em adultos. Método. Ensaio clínico, randomizado e unicego, realizado em serviço ambulatorial de quimioterapia de hospital público do estado de São Paulo realizado de abril de 2018 a março de 2019. A amostra constituiu de 55 pacientes com tumores sólidos, a partir do segundo ciclo de tratamento com fármacos endovenosos citotóxicos para o tecido hematopoiético. O comprimento de onda utilizado foi de 660 nm, por via transcutânea, sob artéria radial. Resultado. Comparado ao tipo de hemocomponente, obtivemos, respectivamente aos protocolos do Intravenous Laser Irradiation of Blood 30' e 60': hemoglobina (85%; 86%), plaquetas (100%; 100%) e neutrófilos (95%; 92%). Conclusão. Considerou-se ambos os protocolos eficazes e, portanto, sugere-se implantá-los em unidades de quimioterapia(AU)

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of the protocols for transcutaneous application of the Intravenous Laser Irradiation of Blood 30' and 60', on the adverse effects on hematopoietic tissue by intravenous antineoplastic chemotherapeutic agents in adults. Method. Clinical, randomized and single-blind trial, carried out in an outpatient chemotherapy service of a public hospital in the state of São Paulo, carried out from April 2018 to March 2019. The sample consisted of 55 patients with solid tumors, from the second cycle of treatment with cytotoxic intravenous drugs for hematopoietic tissue. The wavelength used was 660 nm, transcutaneously, under the radial artery. Result. Compared to the type of blood component, we obtained, respectively from the Intravenous Laser Irradiation of Blood 30' and 60' protocols: hemoglobin (85%; 86%), platelets (100%; 100%) and neutrophils (95%; 92%). Conclusion. Both protocols were considered effective and, therefore, it is suggested to implant them in chemotherapy units.(AU)

Objetivo. Evaluar la efectividad de los protocolos de aplicación transcutánea de Irradiación Láser Intravenosa de Sangre 30' y 60', sobre los efectos adversos sobre el tejido hematopoyético por agentes quimioterápicos antineoplásicos intravenosos en adultos. Método. Ensayo clínico, aleatorizado y simple ciego, realizado en un servicio de quimioterapia ambulatoria de un hospital público del estado de São Paulo, realizado de abril de 2018 a marzo de 2019. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 55 pacientes con tumores sólidos, del segundo ciclo. del tratamiento con fármacos intravenosos citotóxicos para el tejido hematopoyético. La longitud de onda utilizada fue de 660 nm, por vía transcutánea, bajo la arteria radial. Resultado. En comparación con el tipo de componente sanguíneo, obtuvimos, respectivamente, de los protocolos de Irradiación Intravenosa con Láser de Sangre 30' y 60': hemoglobina (85%; 86%), plaquetas (100%; 100%) y neutrófilos (95%; 92%). %). Conclusión. Ambos os protocolos se consideraron efectivos, por lo que se sugiere implantarlos en las unidades de quimioterapia(AU)

Efeitos adversos locorregionais da terapêutica oncológica em mulheres com câncer de mama avançado: revisão integrativa / Efectos adversos locorregionales de la terapia oncológica en mujeres con cáncer de mama avanzado: una revisión integradora / Locoregional adverse effects of cancer therapy in women with advanced breast cancer: an integrative review

RESUMO Objetivo: identificar os efeitos adversos locorregionais da administração da terapêutica oncológica endovenosa em mulheres com câncer de mama avançado. Metodo: revisão integrativa da literatura, que utilizou as bases de dados PubMed/MEDLINE, CINAHL, LILACS e EMBASE, sem recorte temporal, além de busca reversa dos artigos selecionados, atualizada até maio de 2022 A população contemplou mulheres com câncer de mama avançado submetidas à intervenção com terapêutica oncológica endovenosa com quimioterapia ou hormonioterapia ou anticorpo monoclonal, e o desfecho avaliou efeitos adversos locorregionais Resultados: identificaram-se 2.789 estudos, e a amostra final foi composta por 8 ensaios clínicos e 1 estudo observacional retrospectivo, sendo todos estudos internacionais e publicados no período de 1986 a 2018. Predominantemente, as pacientes tinham câncer de mama em estádio IV, idade de 50 anos ou mais e múltiplas metástases. Os efeitos adversos locorregionais foram: flebite, ulceração e/ou necrose, dor, eritema e reação no local da injeção não especificada. Os estudos não trazem detalhamento do tipo de cateter venoso, osmolaridade dos fármacos e cuidados preventivos para diminuição desses efeitos adversos. Conclusão: as evidências desses artigos mostraram que os efeitos adversos locorregionais estão presentes em estudos de eficácia dos fármacos oncológicos em mulheres com câncer de mama avançado. No entanto, destaca-se que a segurança da administração dos fármacos oncológicos não se apresenta elucidada nessa revisão, indicando necessidade de estudos de acompanhamento dos efeitos adversos.

RESUMEN Objetivo: identificación de los efectos adversos locorregionales de la administración de la terapia oncológica intravenosa en mujeres con cáncer de mama avanzado. Método: revisión bibliográfica integradora, que utilizó las bases de datos PubMed/MEDLINE, CINAHL, LILACS y EMBASE, sin corte de tiempo, además de una búsqueda inversa de los artículos seleccionados, actualizada hasta mayo de 2022 La población incluyó mujeres con cáncer de mama avanzado, sometidas a intervención con terapia oncológica endovenosa con quimioterapia u hormonoterapia o anticuerpo monoclonal y el resultado evaluó los efectos adversos locorregionales Resultados: se identificaron 2.789 estudios y la muestra final se compuso de ocho ensayos clínicos, un estudio observacional retrospectivo, todos estudios internacionales, publicados desde 1986 hasta 2018. Predominantemente, las pacientes tenían cáncer de mama en estadio IV, edad de 50 años o más y metástasis múltiples. Los efectos adversos locorregionales fueron flebitis, ulceración y/o necrosis, dolor, eritema y reacción en el lugar de la inyección no especificada. Los estudios no detallan el tipo de catéter venoso, la osmolaridad de los fármacos y los cuidados preventivos para reducir estos efectos adversos. Conclusión: las pruebas de estos artículos mostraron que los efectos adversos locorregionales están presentes en los estudios de eficacia de los fármacos oncológicos en mujeres con cáncer de mama avanzado. Sin embargo, cabe destacar que la seguridad de la administración de los fármacos contra el cáncer no se dilucida en esta revisión, lo que indica la necesidad de realizar estudios de seguimiento sobre los efectos adversos.

ABSTRACT Objective: to identify the locoregional adverse effects of administering intravenous oncologic therapy in women with advanced breast cancer. Method: this was an integrative literature review using the PubMed/MEDLINE, CINAHL, LILACS, and EMBASE databases, without a time cut, in addition to a reverse search of the selected articles updated until May 2022. The population included women with advanced breast cancer undergoing intervention with intravenous oncologic therapy with chemotherapy, hormone therapy, or monoclonal antibody, and the outcome assessed locoregional adverse effects. Results: 2,789 studies were identified, and the final sample consisted of 8 clinical trials and 1 retrospective observational study, all of which were international studies published from 1986 to 2018. Predominantly, patients with stage IV breast cancer, were aged 50 years or older, and had multiple metastases. Locoregional adverse effects were phlebitis, ulceration and/or necrosis, pain, erythema, and unspecified injection site reaction. The studies did not detail the type of venous catheter, the osmolarity of the drugs, and preventive care to reduce these adverse effects. Conclusion: the evidence from these articles showed that locoregional adverse effects are present in efficacy research of oncologic drugs in women with advanced breast cancer. Nonetheless, the safety of administering cancer drugs is not elucidated in this review, indicating the need for follow-up studies of adverse effects.

Subclinical Systolic Dysfunction during Chemotherapy for Breast Cancer

Abstract Background Cardiotoxicity is the main complication related to cancer therapy. Studies indicate that global longitudinal strain is an early detector of subclinical dysfunction of the left ventricle, preceding the decline in ejection fraction (EF). However, the reproducibility of such methodology has not been tested outside specialized centers. Objectives To assess the frequency of subclinical cardiotoxicity and to compare global longitudinal strain and EF measurements during the clinical course of patients undergoing chemotherapy for breast cancer. Methods This was an observational prospective study of 78 adult women who underwent serial echocardiograms (baseline and 1, 3, and 6 months after the beginning of chemotherapy), to evaluate biplane and 3D EF and global longitudinal strain. Cardiotoxicity and subclinical dysfunction were defined according to American Society of Echocardiography/European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging criteria. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. Results The mean age of the patients was 50.1 ± 11.48 years. The frequency of subclinical cardiotoxicity (defined by global longitudinal strain) was 14.9% after 30 days of chemotherapy, 16.7% after 3 months, and 19.7% after 6 months, compared to 4.5%, 3%, and 6.6%, respectively, when clinical cardiotoxicity was determined according to EF. The group that developed subclinical cardiotoxicity by 30 days (group A) had a higher frequency of clinical cardiotoxicity at 3 months (p=0.028) and a lower mean biplane EF after 30 days (p= 0.036) than the group that showed no evidence of subclinical cardiotoxicity (group B). Conclusion Subclinical cardiotoxicity was frequent and began early, being associated with a drop in EF during the clinical course.

Cutaneous adverse events to systemic antineoplastic therapies: a retrospective study in a public oncologic hospital

Abstract Background: Mucocutaneous adverse events are common during anticancer treatment, with variable consequences for the patient and their therapeutic regimen. Objective: To evaluate the most common adverse events, as well as the drugs associated with their appearance and the consequences for cancer treatment. Methods: A retrospective study was carried out through the analysis of patients treated at the Clinical Dermatology Unit of a public oncologic hospital. Results: A total of 138 patients with 200 adverse events were evaluated. The most commonly identified adverse events were nail and periungual changes (20%), papulopustular eruptions (13%), acneiform eruptions (12%), hand-foot syndrome (6.5%), hand-foot skin reaction (6%), and xerosis (6%). The most frequently associated antineoplastic treatment groups were classical chemotherapy (46.2%), target therapy (32.3%), and other non-antineoplastic drugs used in neoplasia protocols (16.5%). Of the total number of patients, 17.4% had their treatment suspended or changed due to a dermatological adverse event. Study limitations: Retrospective study and analysis of patients who were referred for specialized dermatological examination only, not allowing the assessment of the actual incidence of adverse events. Conclusion: A wide variety of dermatological manifestations are secondary to antineoplastic treatment with several different drugs resulting, not rarely, in the interruption or modification of therapeutic regimens.

Investigation of teratogenic effects of letrozole on fetal bone development / Investigación de los efectos teratogénicos de letrozol en el desarrollo óseo fetal

SUMMARY: Letrozole is mainly used for the treatment of unexplained infertility, breast cancer and polycystic ovarian syndrome, with secondary use in ovarian stimulation. In cases of unexpected or unknown pregnancy during the use of letrozole, letrozole may cause a teratogenic effect on the fetus. In this reason, in this study, we aimed to determine the effect of letrozole on fetal bone development. In this study, 32 pregnant Wistar albino rats were used. The rats were divided into four groups: Control (saline) and high; 0.3 mg/kg, medium; 0.03 mg/kg, low; 0.003 mg/ kg letrozole. Saline and letrozole were administered in 100 mL solutions by intraperitonaly from day 11 to day 15 of pregnancy. The skeletal system development of fetuses was examined with double skeletal staining, immunohistochemical staining methods and mineral density scanning electron microscopy. A total of 100 fetuses from female rats, 25 in each group, were included in the study. As a result of that, ossification rates were observed to decrease depending on the dose of letrozole in the forelimb limb (scapula, humerus, radius, ulna) and hindlimb (femur, tibia, fibula) limb bones. As a result of the statistical analysis, a statistically significant decrease was found in the ossification rates of all bones between the control group and low, medium, high letrozole groups (p<0.001). Exposure to letrozole during pregnancy adversely affected ossification and bone growth. However, the teratogenic effects of letrozole are unclear. Therefore, it needs to be investigated more extensively.

RESUMEN: Letrozol se usa principalmente para el tratamiento de la infertilidad inexplicable, el cáncer de mama y el síndrome de ovario poliquístico, con estimulación ovárica de uso secundario. En casos de embarazo inesperado o desconocido durante el uso de letrozol, puede causar un efecto teratogénico en el feto. Por esta razón, en este estudio, nuestro objetivo fue determinar el efecto de letrozol en el desarrollo óseo fetal. Se utilizaron 32 ratas albinas Wistar preñadas las cuales se distribuyeron en cuatro grupos: Control (solución salina) y alta; 0,3 mg/kg, medio; 0,03 mg/kg, bajo; 0,003 mg/kg de letrozol. Se administró solución salina y letrozol en soluciones de 100 mL por vía intraperitoneal desde el día 11 hasta el día 15 de la preñez. El desarrollo del sistema esquelético de los fetos se examinó con tinción esquelética doble, métodos de tinción inmunohistoquímica y microscopía electrónica de barrido de densidad mineral. Se incluyeron en el estudio un total de 100 fetos de ratas hembra, 25 en cada grupo. Como resultado, se observó que las tasas de osificación disminuían dependiendo de la dosis de letrozol en los huesos de los miembros torácicos (escápula, húmero, radio, ulna) y de las miembros pélvicos (fémur, tibia, fíbula). Se encontró una disminución estadísticamente significativa en las tasas de osificación de todos los huesos entre el grupo control y los grupos de letrozol bajo, medio y alto (p<0,001). La exposición a letrozol durante la preñez afectó negativamente la osificación y el crecimiento óseo. Sin embargo, los efectos teratogénicos del letrozol no están claros por lo que debe ser investigado más extensamente.

Obstrução lacrimal pós-tratamento oncológico: revisão de literatura / Lacrimal drainage system obstruction after cancer treatment: a literature review

RESUMO A obstrução de via lacrimal é uma possível complicação decorrente de tratamentos oncológicos sistêmicos e locais. A epífora crônica gera grande impacto na qualidade de vida desses pacientes, e, como a fibrose terminal da via lacrimal pode necessitar de procedimentos complexos para sua resolução, é importante estarmos atentos a esse efeito adverso, com o objetivo de reconhecê-lo e tratá-lo precocemente, ou mesmo preveni-lo. Nesta revisão da literatura, os autores analisam todos os agentes quimioterápicos e radioterápicos associados à obstrução lacrimal e descrevem os mecanismos, a frequência, os tratamentos e a profilaxia. Os tratamentos oncológicos associados à obstrução lacrimal foram: radioterapia em cabeça e pescoço (dosagem acima de 45 a 75Gy), radioiodoterapia (dosagem acima de 150mCi) e quimioterapia com 5-FU, S-1, capecitabine e docetaxel. A obstrução lacrimal pode ser irreversível, e a intubação profilática das vias lacrimais é uma possibilidade descrita de tratamento profilático em casos de radioterapia e uso do 5-FU, S-1 e docetaxel. O tratamento cirúrgico de todos os casos é a dacriocistorrinostomia.

ABSTRACT Lacrimal duct obstruction can be a side effect of systemic and/or local cancer treatments. Chronic epiphora has a great impact on the quality of life of oncological patients. Since terminal fibrosis of the lacrimal system may require complex procedures, it is important to be aware of this adverse effect in order to recognize and treat it, or even prevent it. A literature review was performed to identify all types of systemic cancer treatment associated with lacrimal obstruction and to describe the mechanisms, frequency, treatment, and prophylaxis. The oncological treatments associated with lacrimal obstruction were head and neck radiotherapy (dosage above 45-75 Gy), radioiodine therapy (dosage above 150 mCi), and chemotherapy with 5-FU, S-1, Capecitabine and Docetaxel. Depending on the dose, this complication may be irreversible. Prophylactic intubation of the lacrimal system is an option for prophylaxis in cases of radiotherapy, use of 5-FU, S-1, and Docetaxel. Final surgical treatment is dacryocystorhinostomy.

Principais implicações terapêuticas à qualidade de vida de pacientes com câncer de colo uterino: uma revisão narrativa / Therapeutic implications to the quality of life of cervical cancer's patients: a narrative review

O câncer de colo uterino é o quarto tipo mais incidente e fatal entre as mulheres no Brasil e no mundo, o que representa mundialmente em torno de 600 mil novos casos e mais de 300 mil mortes a cada ano. Assim como o diagnóstico, o tratamento da doença pode impactar de forma significativa a qualidade de vida dessas pacientes. A aplicação de questionários que avaliem os diferentes aspectos da qualidade de vida das mulheres afetadas por esse câncer é uma ferramenta relevante, pois auxilia na compreensão e identificação dos principais danos relacionados ao tratamento. Este trabalho visa analisar a literatura atual que investiga e relata os principais efeitos à qualidade de vida de mulheres com câncer de colo uterino associados a diferentes modalidades terapêuticas e, desse modo, contribuir nas escolhas de tratamento e manejo clínico que resultem em menores impactos à qualidade de vida dessas mulheres.(AU)

Cervical cancer is the fourth most incident and fatal cancer type among women in Brazil and worldwide. This data represents around 600 thousand new cases worldwide each year and more than 300 thousand lives lost. Both diagnosis and treatment can significantly impact the quality of life of cervical cancer patients. The application of questionnaires that assess the different aspects of the quality of life of women affected by this cancer is a relevant tool, as it helps to understand and identify the main damages related to the treatment. This article aims to analyze the current literature that reports the main effects on the quality of life of women with cervical cancer associated with different therapeutic modalities. In this way, the review could assist in the treatment choices that imply less impact on the quality of life of these women.(AU)

Qualidade de Vida e Saúde Bucal em Crianças submetidas à Terapia Antineoplásica / Quality of Life and Oral Health in Children undergoing Antineoplastic Therapy / Calidad de Vida y salud Oral de los Niños sometidos a Terapia Antineoplásica

Introdução: O câncer é uma doença grave cujo protocolo de tratamento pode produzir severos efeitos colaterais de ordem psicossocial e física. Os principais efeitos do tratamento antineoplásico podem acometer a cavidade oral, especialmente em crianças, comprometendo a sua qualidade de vida e a do núcleo familiar. Objetivo: Identificar e descrever as lesões bucais relacionadas aos efeitos colaterais produzidos pelo tratamento antineoplásico e avaliar seu impacto sobre a qualidade de vida da criança e da sua família. Método: Estudo qualitativo e transversal, com a participação de 117 crianças pré-escolares atendidas em hospital de referência (Paraíba), por meio do questionário B-ECOHIS, de exames clínicos odontológicos e de prontuários médicos. O tratamento estatístico fundamentou-se na análise descritiva e regressão de Poisson com variância robusta no método (p<0,05). Resultados: As manifestações mais observadas foram mucosite e xerostomia (66,7% e 54,7%, respectivamente). Relativo ao impacto na qualidade de vida da criança, o domínio de maior média foi limitação funcional 3,0 (±1,8) e, na família, função familiar 1,0 (±1,0). Conclusão: O impacto na qualidade de vida das crianças se revelou fraco e, no núcleo familiar, não foi significativo

Introduction: Cancer is a burdensome disease whose treatment protocol can produce severe psychosocial and physical side effects. The main effects of antineoplastic treatment may affect the oral cavity, especially in children, compromising theirs and their family quality-of-life. Objective: To identify and describe side effects-related antineoplastic treatment and to assess its impact on the children's and their families' quality-of-life. Method: Qualitative and cross-sectional study, with the participation of 117 children, preschoolers, consulted at a referral hospital in the State of Paraíba, through the B-Ecohis questionnaire, dental clinical exams and medical records. The statistical treatment was based on descriptive analysis and Poisson Regression with robust variance in the Stepwise method (p<0.05). Results: The most common manifestations were mucositis and xerostomia (66.7% and 54.7% respectively). The impact on the children's quality-of-life affected mostly the domain of functional limitation with mean of 3.0 (±1.8) and 1.0 (±1.0) for the family function in the family. Conclusion: The impact on the quality-of life in children was weak and not significant in the family

Introducción: El cáncer es una enfermedad grave cuyo protocolo de tratamiento puede producir efectos secundarios psicosociales y físicos graves. Entre los principales efectos del tratamiento antineoplásico, algunos afectan la cavidad bucal, especialmente en los niños, comprometiendo su calidad de vida y el núcleo familiar. Objetivo: Identificar los efectos secundarios producidos por el tratamiento antineoplásico y evaluar su impacto en la calidad de vida del niño y su familia. Método: Estudio cualitativo y transversal, con la participación de 117 niños, preescolares, atendidos en un hospital de referencia (Paraíba), mediante el cuestionario B-Ecohis, exámenes clínicos dentales y registros médicos. El tratamiento estadístico se basó en análisis descriptivo y Regresión de Poisson con varianza robusta en el método Stepwise (p<0,05). Resultados: Las manifestaciones más observadas fueron mucositis y xerostomía (66,7% y 54,7% respectivamente). En cuanto al impacto en la calidad de vida del niño, el dominio con mayor promedio fue la limitación funcional 3,0 (±1,8) y la función familiar 1,0 (±1,0) en la familia. Conclusión: El impacto en la calidad de vida de los niños fue débil y en la familia no significativo

Expert consensus on the diagnosis and treatment of anticancer drug-induced interstitial lung disease / 中华肿瘤杂志

Drug-induced interstitial lung disease (DILD) is the most common pulmonary adverse events caused by anti-cancer treatment. In recent years, with the development of clinical oncology, a large amount of novel anti-cancer drugs have been approved and widely used in clinical practice, and the incidence of anti-cancer drug related DILD is gradually increasing. DILD lacks specific clinical manifestations or diagnostic criteria. If not treated properly, it may leads to interruption or discontinuation of anti-cancer treatment, or even become life threat in severe cases. Therefore, the Anti-cancer Drug-induced Interstitial Lung Disease Management Group have reached a consensus on the diagnosis and management of anti-cancer DILD after several rounds of discussion. This consensus aims to improve clinicians' awareness of anti-cancer drug related-DILD and proposes an algorithm for the diagnosis and treatment of this disease, and to improve patients' prognosis and quality of life.