Determinación de bromato de potasio en panes expedidos en supermercados de la ciudad de La Paz-gestión 2019 / Determination of potassium bromate in breads issued in supermarkets in the city of La Paz-gestión 2019

INTRODUCCIÓN: el bromato de potasio es una sustancia mejoradora del pan que actualmente está prohibida para su uso en la elaboración del pan porque se considera nociva para el ser humano, produciendo principalmente daños gastrointestinales. Es así que los organismos de control de alimentos prohíben su uso completamente, al igual que la NB 39007:2012 harina y derivados-productos panificados-requisitos en su tercera revisión, en nuestro país. OBJETIVO: determinar la presencia del bromato de potasio en panes expedidos en supermercados de la ciudad de La Paz. MÉTODOS: el método cualitativo para Bromatos /Yodatos y el método indirecto con el reactivo fucsina bisulfito fueron los métodos oficiales aplicados para la determinación de bromato de potasio. RESULTADOS: el porcentaje de muestras de un total de 13 panes, con presencia de bromatos es de 15,38 %, lo que demuestra que el control realizado por los entes oficiales de control ha ido aumentando en la última gestión, sin embargo, llama la atención que aún se encuentre la presencia de bromato de potasio, siendo que es un aditivo de uso prohibido en nuestro país. CONCLUSIONES: comparando los métodos estandarizados para el estudio, el método cualitativo para bromatos /yodatos presenta mayor eficacia que el método indirecto con el reactivo fucsina bisulfito. Al encontrar un porcentaje de panes que contiene bromato de potasio, verificamos que los controles por los entes oficiales no se realizan constantemente o no quedan registrados.

INTRODUCTION: potassium bromate is a bread improving substance that is currently prohibited for use in making bread because it is considered harmful to humans, mainly causing gastrointestinal damage. Thus, the food control bodies prohibit its use completely, as well as NB 39007: 2012 flour and derivatives-baked products-requirements in its third revision, in our country. OBJECTIVE: to determine the presence of potassium bromate in breads shipped in supermarkets in the city of La Paz. METHODS: the qualitative method for bromates/Iodates and the Indirect. Method with the fuchsin bisulfite reagent were the official methods applied for the determination of potassium bromate. RESULTS: the percentage of samples from a total of 13 breads, with the presence of bromates is 15.38%, which shows that the control carried out by the official control entities has been increasing in the last administration, however, calls the attention that the presence of potassium bromate is still found, since it is an additive forbidden in our country. CONCLUSIONS: comparing the standardized methods for the study, the Qualitative Method for Bromates / Iodates presents greater efficiency than the indirect method with the fuchsin bisulfite reagent. By finding a percentage of bread that contains potassium bromate, we verify that the controls by official entities are not carried out constantly or are not recorded.

Potassium Bromate-induced Changes in the Adult Mouse Cerebellum Are Ameliorated by Vanillin / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

OBJECTIVE@#The current study aimed to elucidate the effect of vanillin on behavioral changes, oxidative stress, and histopathological changes induced by potassium bromate (KBrO3), an environmental pollutant, in the cerebellum of adult mice.@*METHODS@#The animals were divided into four groups: group 1 served as a control, group 2 received KBrO3, group 3 received KBrO3 and vanillin, and group 4 received only vanillin. We then measured behavioral changes, oxidative stress, and molecular and histological changes in the cerebellum.@*RESULTS@#We observed significant behavioral changes in KBrO3-exposed mice. When investigating redox homeostasis in the cerebellum, we found that mice treated with KBrO3 had increased lipid peroxidation and protein oxidation in the cerebellum. These effects were accompanied by decreased Na+-K+ and Mg2+ ATPase activity and antioxidant enzyme gene expression when compared to the control group. Additionally, there was a significant increase in cytokine gene expression in KBrO3-treated mice. Microscopy revealed that KBrO3 intoxication resulted in numerous degenerative changes in the cerebellum that were substantially ameliorated by vanillin supplementation. Co-administration of vanillin blocked the biochemical and molecular anomalies induced by KBrO3.@*CONCLUSION@#Our results demonstrate that vanillin is a potential therapeutic agent for oxidative stress associated with neurodegenerative diseases.

Avaliação da contaminação por bromato em pães do tipo francês / Analysis on the occurrence of bromate contamination in French type bread

O setor de panificação no Brasil tem realizado esforços para acompanhar as tendências de um mercadoexigente e competitivo, e uma das alternativas tem sido os agentes oxidantes. O bromato de potássio(KBrO3) é um agente oxidante que fortalece as cadeias de glúten. Apesar de benefícios tecnológicose econômicos, sua toxicidade como aditivo alimentar tem sido demonstrada. No Brasil o emprego doKBrO3 é proibido em qualquer quantidade nas farinhas e nos produtos de panificação. Foram investigadasamostras de pão Francês provenientes de 25 pontos comerciais, que foram analisadas em triplicatas,totalizando-se 75 ensaios. A determinação de bromatos foi realizada em duas etapas: primeiramente pelaprova de triagem utilizando-se o método analítico qualitativo, para identificar amostras positivas paraagentes oxidantes e, posteriormente, a determinação de BrO3- usando o reativo fucsina-bissulfito. Em todasas amostras foram detectados agentes oxidantes. Na análise confirmatória de bromato, foi identificadaa presença deste aditivo em amostras de seis estabelecimentos dos 25 analisados, correspondendo àfrequência de 24 % nas amostras examinadas. Este estudo mostra que apesar da proibição do emprego deKBrO3 em produtos de panificação, há ainda o uso deste componente pelos estabelecimentos comerciais,e isto representa risco à saúde da população...

Protective effects of Sonchus asper [L.] against KBrO[3]-induced oxidative stress in rat testis

Sonchus asper is used traditionally in the treatment of kidney inflammation, hormonal imbalance and impotency. Sonchus asper methanolic extract [SAME] was investigated for its possible preventive effect against potassium bromate [KBrO[3]] induced oxidative damages in male rats using biochemical, molecular and histopathological markers in this study. 5 groups, each group of 6 rats were taken kept under standard conditions. Group 1 remained untreated while Group II was given 20 mg/kg KBrO[3] orally [in aqueous saline] and Group III, and IV were treated with 100; 200 mg/kg b.w., of SAME after 48 h of KBrO[3] treatment. KBrO[3] administration in rats significantly altered [P<0.01] the serum level of reproductive hormones, activities of antioxidant enzymes and glutathione contents [GSH], which was significantly reversed P<0.001] by co-treatment of 100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg b.w., SAME. Administration of SAME in rats also significantly P<0.001] reversed the lipid peroxidation induced by KBrO[3] in rats, which could be due to the presence of some plant bioactive constituents

Accidental potassium bromate poisoning in nine adults.

Accidental Potassium bromate poisoning is uncommon in adults, can have varied manifestations in different patients and can sometimes be deceiving. Potassium bromate white powder and oxidizing agent is used predominantly in bakeries as a maturing agent for flour and as a dough conditioner. It is also occasionally used as a neutralizer in hair kits. This paper deals with nine cases of accidental potassium bromate poisoning working in a bakery. Almost all the patients present with pain abdomen, vomiting and diarrhea. Severe gastritis leading to hematemesis is one of the dreaded complications. Acute renal failure can ensue after 24-48 hours of intake and thus patient must be investigated in this line. All of them ingested potassium bromate powder considering it to be milk powder. Potassium bromate poisoning must be considered as a possibility in every case presenting as acute gastroenteritis like symptoms after intake of bakery products. Strict legislation is required to decrease the risk of such incidents.

Acute Kidney Injury due to Sodium Bromate Intoxication: A Report of Two Cases

Sodium bromate is a strong oxidant used as a neutralizing solution in hair permanents, as well as an auxiliary agent in printing and dyeing. Accidental or deliberate ingestion of bromate solution has rarely been reported in Korea. The clinical manifestations of bromate intoxication are vomiting, diarrhea, central nervous system symptoms, oliguric or non-oliguric acute kidney injury, hemolytic anemia, and deafness; most of these manifestations are reversible, with the exception of renal failure and deafness. Here, we report on two patients who demonstrated distinct clinical progressions. In the first case, a 16-year-old woman was successfully treated with hemodialysis and recovered renal function without hearing loss. However, in the second case, delayed hemodialysis resulted in persistent renal failure and hearing loss in a 77-year-old woman. This suggests that emergency therapeutic measures, including hemodialysis, should be taken as soon as possible, as the rapid removal of bromate may be essential to preventing severe intoxication and its sequelae.

A Case of Severe Acute Renal Failure Due to Sodium Bromate Intoxication / 대한신장학회지

Bromate is an oxidizing agent used as a permanent wave neutralizer. Accidental or deliberate ingestion of bromate has rarely been reported, but is potentially severe. We report a 36-year-old female hairdresser, who was admitted due to nausea and vomiting after ingestion of sodium bromate. The patient was successfully treated with hemodialysis therapy and renal function recovered without any complication. The clinicians must remember that early therapeutic measures, including hemodialysis, should be taken as soon as possible to prevent irreversible hearing loss and renal failure.

Bromato de potássio em aditivos para panificação usados em padarias do III Distrito Sanitário do Recife, PE – 2006 / Potassium bromate in bread additives used in bakeries III Distrito Sanitário do Recife, PE - 2006

Bromato de Potássio é um agente oxidante utilizado a panificação, porém no Brasil, através da Lei 10.273, de 05/09/2001, é proibido em farinhas, aditivos para panificação e produtos para panificação, considerando seus efeitos tóxicos à saúde, sendo classificado como carcinogênico. O presente trabalho objetiva identificar o atendimento à Lei acima citada, bem como relacionar o valor comercial do pão com o uso do bromato de potássio. (...)

Sensitive and rapid titrimetric and spectrophotometric methods for the determination of stavudine in pharmaceuticals using bromate-bromide and three dyes

Four sensitive and rapid methods for the determination of stavudine (STV) in bulk drug and in dosage forms were developed and optimized. In titrimetry, aqueous solution of STV was treated with a known excess of bromate-bromide in HCl medium followed by estimation of unreacted bromine by iodometric back titration. Spectrophotometric methods involve the addition of a measured excess of bromate-bromide in HCl medium and subsequent estimation of the residual bromine by reacting with a fixed amount of methyl orange, indigocarmine or thymol blue followed by measurement of absorbance at 520 nm (method A), 610 nm (method B) or 550 nm (method C). In all the methods, the amount of bromate reacted corresponds to the amount of STV. Calculations in titrimetry were based on a 1:0.666 (STV:KBrO3) stoichiometry and the method was found to be applicable over 3.5-10 mg range. A linear increase in absorbance with concentration of STV was observed in the spectrophotometric methods, and the Beer's law was obeyed over the concentration ranges 0.125-1.75, 1-10 and 1-9.0 µg mL-1 STV for method A, method B and method C, respectively. The methods when applied to the determination of STV in tablets and capsules were found to give satisfactory results.

Este trabalho descreve quatro métodos rápidos e sensíveispara a determinação de estavudina (STV) na matéria-prima ou em produtos formulados. Soluções aquosas de STV podem ser tituladas tratando-as com excesso de bromato-brometo em meio ácido clorídrico, seguido da determinação iodimétrica de bromo em excesso. Métodos espectrofotométricos tambémenvolvem a adição de excesso de bromato-brometo à amostra, seguida da determinação de bromo residual por adição de uma quantidade fixa de alaranjado de metila, índigo-carmim ou azul de timol, e de medidas de absorbância nos comprimentos de onda apropriados: 520, 610 ou 550 nm. Em todos os métodos, a quantidade de bromato consumida corresponde à quantidade de STV e os resultados da sua aplicação à determinação de STV em comprimidos e cápsulas são satisfatórios.

Spectrofluorimetric method for determination of some oxicams using potassium bromate

A sensitive and selective spectrofluorimetric method has been developed for the determination of some non-steroidal anti-inflammatory oxicams derivatives namely; tenoxicam [Tx], piroxicam [Px] and lornoxicam [Lx] after their complete oxidative acidic hydrolysis to 2-aminopyridine. The hydrolytic product 2-aminopyridine exhibits fluorescence emission at 365 nm [excitation at 305 nm]. The optimal conditions of the reaction were investigated. The method was found to be linear in the ranges of [0.015-0.500 micro g/ml] for Tx [0.006-0.300 micro g/ml] for Px and [0.060-0.200 micro g/ml] for Lx. The suggested method was successively applied for the determination of the studied drugs in different dosage forms with a recovery percentages ranged 96.82-102.79 +/- 0.614-2.578. The method was also applied for the determination of the drugs in spiked urine with a recovery percentages ranged 80.51-105.35 +/- 1.067-/+5.338. The validity of the method was assessed according to USP guidelines > Statistical analysis of the results reveled high accuracy and good precision

Control of bromate and THM precursors using ozonation combined system / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the feasibility of reducing THM precursors and controlling bromate taste and odor in drinking water taken from the Yellow River by an ozonation combined system.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The appropriate ozone dosage was determined, and then the changes of TOC, UV254 and THM formation potential (THMFP) in the combined system were evaluated.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>One mg/L ozone could effectively remove taste and odor and meet the maximum allowable bromate level in drinking water. The pre-ozonation increased THMFP, but the conventional treatment system could effectively reduce the odor. The bio-ceramic filter could partly reduce CHCl3FP, but sometimes might increase CHCl2BrFP and CHClBr2FP. The biological activated carbon (BAC) filter could effectively reduce CHCl3FP and CHCl2BrFP, but increase CHClBr2FP. Compared with other filters, the fresh activated carbon (FAC) filter performed better in reducing THMFP and even reduced CHClBr2FP.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The combined system can effectively reduce taste, odor, CHCl3FP, and CHCl2BrFP and also bring bromate under control.</p>

Parâmetros bromatológicos e fermentativos das silagens de milho e girassol / Bromatological and fermentative parameters of corn and sunflower silages

Foi desenvolvido no Instituto de Zootecnia, Agência Paulista de Tecnologia dos Agronegócios (APTA), São Paulo um experimento com o objetivo de avaliar quimicamente a qualidade das silagens e a degradação ruminal da matéria seca (MS), fibra detergente neutra (FDN) e proteína bruta (PB) das silagens de milho e girassol. Na avaliação químico-bromatológica das silagens, utilizou-se delineamento estatístico inteiramente ao acaso com nove repetições por tratamento (silagem de milho ou girassol) e, para a degradação in situ, utilizou-se delineamento em parcelas subdivididas, com três repetições. A silagem de girassol apresentou maiores concentrações de proteína bruta (11,6 vs 9,4 por cento), extrato etéreo (10,1 vs 3,2 por cento), fibra detergente ácida (42,7 vs 31,9 por cento)e lignina (9,4 vs 3,7 por cento), e menores teores de MS (22,0 vs 34,6 por cento) que a silagem de milho, respectivamente. Apresentou também maiores teores de nitrogênio amoniacal (10,7 vs 5,8 por cento) e ácido acético (3,0 vs 0,79 por cento) e menores concentrações de ácido lático (3,7 vs 11,3 por cento) que a silagem de milho. As taxas de degradação efetiva da MS, FDN e PB da silagem de girassol foram menores do que as da silagem de milho. A silagem de milho apresentou características mais favoráveis ao processo de ensilagem.

Histological study of the effect of potassium bromate on the thyroid gland of adult male albino rats and the protective role of vitamin C supplementation

Thirty adult male albino rats were used in this study aiming to study the effect of chronic oral administration of potassium bromate on the structure of the thyroid gland and to study the possible protective role of the concomitant supplementation of vitamin C. The animals were divided equally into three groups [10 animals each]; a control group and two experimental ones. The animals of the first experimental group were subdivided equally into 2 halves. The animals of the first half were given a daily oral dose of potassium bromate 30 mg/kg body weight for successive 2 months. While the animals of the other half were given the same daily oral dose of potassium bromate for successive 6 months. The animals of the second experimental group were also subdivided equally into 2 halves. These animals were given a daily intraperitoneal injection of 20 mg/kg body weight of vitamin C for 2 and 6 months respectively simultaneous with a daily oral dose of potassium bromate as in the first experimental group. At the time of sacrifice, all the animals of each group were anaesthetized with ether inhalation and their thyroid glands were dissected out carefully and processed for light and electron microscope examinations. Light microscope observations of the thyroid glands of the potassium bromate treated rats for 2 months revealed alterations of many thyroid follicles. Their follicular cells became squamous with deeply stained nuclei. Ultrastructurally, the follicular cells contained irregular heterochromatic nuclei. Their cytoplasm contained dilated rough endoplasmic reticulum and swollen mitochondria. Mast cells were seen in the connective tissue between the affected follicles. Light microscope examination of the thyroid glands of the rats treated with potassium bromate for 6 months showed loss of the architectures of the glands. The follicular cells appeared with deeply stained nuclei and marked cytoplasmic vacuolations. Ultrastructrually, the follicular cells contained dilated and fragmented rough endoplasmic reticulum. Their nuclei showed irregular outlines and much clumps of heterochromatin. While light and electron microscope examinations of the thyroid glands of the animals treated with vitamin C concomitant with potassium bromate revealed preservation of the architectures of the glands. Most of their follicles appeared with few colloid. The follicular cells contained well developed rough endoplasmic reticulum with some dilated cisternae, numerous mitochondria with few swollen ones and cytoplasmic vacuolations. In conclusion, the results of this study revealed that chronic oral administration of potassium bromate led to structural changes in the thyroid gland which were duration dependant. Vitamin C supplementation with potassium bromate showed a moderate protection against these alterations

Bromato de potasio: un aditivo prohibido? / Potassium bromate: a banned additive?

El bromato de potasio es un aditivo que se agrega a la harina y actúa oxidando las proteínas del gluten, originando panes con mayor volúmen, mejor textura y estructura de la miga. Sin embargo, es altamente tóxico. En ratas y ratones produce tumores en riñón, tiroides y mesotelio peritoneal. Debido a ello la Unión Europea lo ha clasificado como tipo 2 (sospechoso cancerígeno para humanos). Durante el horneado de los panificados, el bromato se transforma en bromuro, inocuo. Pero ensayos realizados con métodos muy sensibles demuestran que, aún usado a niveles reconocidos como aceptables, queda siempre una parte sin modificar en el producto terminado. En éste país, la Resolución N§ 073/93 Mercosur-GMC incorporada al Código Alimentario Argentino estableció retirarlo de la Lista General Armonizada de Aditivos-Mercosur. Este trabajo se realizó con el objetivo de verificar el cumplimiento de la mencionada Resolución. Se analizaron 91 muestras de pan de 70 panaderías del Partido de General San Martín. La determinación cualitativa se realizó mediante el método colorimétrico de Ibáñez, con dicromato-fucsina, hallándose un 20 por ciento de muestras positivas. Evidentemente, a pesar de su prohibición , muchos panaderos siguen utilizándolo, dejando de lado los problemas de salud que puede ocasionar. Por ende, es necesario continuar con los programas de educación y control

Hearing and Visual Loss with Renal Failure Due to Sodium Bromate Poisoning / 대한신장학회잡지

Hair neutralizer in home permanent cold wave kits contains a 2% to 10% potassium or sodium bromate, which is colorless, odorless and tasteless solution. Bromate salts are extremely toxic oxidants. The reported toxic effects of bromates poisoning are vomiting, diarrhea, depression of central nervous system, oliguric acute renal failure, sensorineural hearing loss, peripheral neuropathy and hemolytic anemia. Deafness seems to be almost permanent. In many cases, the recovery of renal function is not complete and some of them are transformed to chronic renal failure and maintained on hemodialysis. Since the serious side effects of deafness and acute renal filure usually occur within 4-16 h after ingestion, prompt removal of the bromate from blood by peritoneal dialysis or hemodialysis, which are proven method of removal, should be performed immediately. Recently, we encountered a 37 year old female hairdresser who was admitted to St. Mary Hospital due to oligura, hearing loss and visual loss after ingestion of sodium bromate. The patient required regular hemodialysis therapy and no recovery of hearing and visual loss was evident up to 8 month follow up.

La prevención de las enfermedades alimentarias / The prevention of foodborne diseases

Introducción: Las gastroenteritis y otras enfermedades alimentarias son relativamente frecuentes en el país pero no se han efectuado hasta el presente diagnósticos de situación suficientemente específicos que permitan determinar las características de las mismas. Materiales y métodos: se estudiaron casos y brotes de enfermedad alimentaria, denunciados en el Departamento de Vigilancia Alimentaria, INAL-ANMAT, entre abril de 1993 y diciembre de 1995. La mayor parte de las denuncias correspondieron a la ciudad de Buenos Aires y al Gran Buenos Aires. Ocasionalmente informaron 9 provincias. Se determinaron agentes causales, tipos de alimentos involucrados, lugares de ingestión, deficiencias detectadas. Resultados: Se registraron en total 177 denuncias en las que 1298 personas enfermaron. El 38 por ciento de las veces se confirmó el agente causal en el laboratorio. Los agentes microbianos representaron el 70 por ciento del total y el 30 por ciento de los agentes químicos. Entre los primeros, los más frecuentes fueron Salmonella y Staphylococcus aureus. Las principales causas de enfermedad por agentes químicos fueron los bromatos en exceso y los zapallitos amargos. Conclusiones: El 63,5 por ciento del total de las personas se enfermó ingiriendo los alimentos fuera de su domicilio. Los alimentos más frecuentemente asociados fueron ensaladas y sandwiches con mayonesa, productos de confitería y golosinas, aguas envasadas, jugos y bebidas, productos cárnicos y lácteos. Los procedimientos de manipulación y la higiene incorrectos fueron las deficiencias más frecuentes. Se enfatiza la necesidad de intensificar las acciones iniciadas para el registro y prevención de estas enfermedades, y de promover actividades educativas.

Prediçäo da energia digestível de dietas para equinos a partir de seu conteúdo fibroso / Digestible energy prediction of horse diets from their fiber content

Realizaram-se análises estatísticas de dados referentes à composiçäo bromatológica e ao coeficiente de digestibilidade (CD) de 29 diferentes tipos de dietas utilizadas em 383 ensaios de digestibilidade, recolhidos de 91 trabalhos científicos realizados com equinos, para encontrar correlaçöes entre a fraçäo fibrosa dos alimentos e sua energia digestível (ED, Mcal/kg MS), que permitissem a obtençäo de equaçöes de prediçäo da ED, do CD da energia (CDE) e do CD da matéria orgânica (CDMO) em funçäo do teor de fibra bruta (FB), fibra em detergente neutro (FDN), fibra em detergente ácido (FDA), hemicelulose (HCEL), celulose (CEL) e lignina (LIG) dos alimentos. A análise de regressäo linear simples para todos os tipos de dietas forneceu as seguintes equaçöes: ED = -0,1040 + 0,0416 CDMO (R ao quadrado = 85 por cento); ED = 3,7868-0,0440 FDA (R ao quadrado = 87 por cento); CDE = 86,0261-0,9495 FDA (R ao quadrado = 75 por cento); CDMO = 89,9290-0,9098 FDA (R ao quadrado = 83 por cento); CDMO = 89,0107-1,0916 CEL (R ao quadrado = 89 por cento). A análise de regressäo linear múltipla forneceu apenas uma equaçäo ED = 5,0285-0,0424 FDA-0,0144 MO (R ao quadrado = 89 por cento), para dietas completas. Quando se dividiu as dietas em duas classes, de volumosos e de volumosos mais concentrados, foram obtidas as seguintes equaçöes de regressäo linear simples, que podem ser aplicadas às dietas compostas por volumosos mais concentrados: CDE = 90,3526-1,1551 FDA (R ao quadrado = 79 por cento); CDMO = 90,8290-0,9379 FDA (R ao quadrado = 92 por cento); CDMO = 88,9743-0,9561 CEL (R ao quadrado = 96 por cento); CDMO = 84,8783-4,5545 LIG (R ao quadrado = 90 por cento)

Determinacao de bromato em farinha de trigo e melhoradores de farinhas / Determination of bromate in wheat flour and dough conditioners

Oito marcas comerciais de farinha de trigo, disponiveis no mercado da cidade de Araraquara, SP, e 18 de melhoradores de farinhas comercializadas no Estado de Sao Paulo e na regiao Nordeste do Brasil, foram analisadas quanto a presenca de bromato. O composto nao foi detectado em nenhuma das marcas de farinha de trigo analisadas, tendo sido, entretanto, detectado em nove marcas de melhoradores de farinhas, todas provenientes da regiao Nordeste, em niveis que variaram entre 0,6 a 1,4 porcento