Реферат
Pesquisas indicam correlatos ambientais distintos para caminhada utilitária e recreativa. Este estudo teve como objetivo identificar locais, destinos e distância percorrida em caminhadas recreativas e uti-litárias, e comparar espacialmente a percepção sobre os locais caminhados. Para isso, foi realizado um estudo observacional transversal, conduzido em Londrina, Brasil. Os dados foram coletados através de questionário aplicado na plataforma Survey123, que contemplou pessoas maiores de 18 anos que reportassem ao menos uma rota de caminhada realizada no município de Londrina. A análise dos deslocamentos reportados foi feita pela estimativa de densidade de Kernele as distâncias de cami-nhada foram analisadas através do coeficiente de correlação ponto-bisserial rpb. A espacialização dos dados perceptivos, obtidos através do questionário Neighborhood Environment Walkability Scale NEWS, foi realizada pela identificação de agrupamentos significativos através do indicador Gi*. A amostra totalizou 182 participantes e 305 deslocamentos a pé, dos quais, 61 classificados como ca-minhada recreativa e 244 como utilitária. Os locais de maior densidade de deslocamentos recreativos possuem ampla infraestrutura para pedestres, enquanto os de concentração de deslocamentos utili-tários são caracterizados pela diversidade de uso do solo. A caminhada recreativa registrou distância média de 3.955,3 ± 2.503,5m sendo que, para a caminhada utilitária, a média foi 1.247,0 ± 1.034,0m. A correlação ponto-bisserial obteve rpb = 0,611 e p<0,001, moderada a forte, indicando correlação po-sitiva entre a realização de viagens recreativas e uma maior distância média de caminhada. A pesquisa contribui para a investigação do comportamento de caminhada pela associação de variáveis objetivas e subjetivas e pela captura dos trajetos de deslocamento a pé.
Studies indicate distinct environmental correlates for utilitarian and recreational walking. This study aimed to identify the locations, destinations and the distance traveled in recreational and utilitarian walks, and to compare spatially the perception about the walked places. To achieve this, a cross-sectional observational study was conducted in Londrina, Brazil. Data was collected through a questionnaire applied on the Survey123 platform, including people aged 18 or over that reported at least one walking route performed in Londrina. The route analysis was made by Kernel density estimation and walking distances were analyzed through the point-bisserial correlation coefficient - rpb. The spatialization of perception data, obtained through the Neighborhood Environment Walkability Scale - NEWS form, was performed by identifying significant clus-ters through the Gi* indicator. The sample totaled 182 participants who reported 305 walk routes, of which 61 were classified as recreational walking and 244 as utilitarian. The places of higher recreational walking density have ample infrastructure for pedestrians, and the places with utilitarian walking concentration are characterized by the diversity of land use. Recreational walking recorded mean distance of 3.955.3 ± 2.503.5m, and for utilitarian walking, the average was 1.247.0 ± 1.034.0m. The point-bisserial correlation obtained rpb = 0.611 and p<0.001, moderate to strong, indicating a positive correlation between recreational trips and a greater average walking distance. This research contributes to the investigation of walking behav-ior through the association of objective and subjective variables and through the capture of walking routes.
Тема - темы
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Built Environment , Active Mobility , Sustainable Mobility , Transportation , City PlanningРеферат
ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To evaluate the association between gestational age and green areas, urban built areas, and the concentration of particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5) in the city of São Paulo, analyzing the irregular distribution of these areas and pollution levels above the recommended level. METHODS The study population consisted of a cohort of live births from 2012, and data from the Live Birth Information System (Sinasc) of the city of São Paulo were used. Using satellite images and supervised classification, the distribution and quantity of green areas and built areas in the city of São Paulo was obtained, as well as the concentrations of PM2.5. Logistic regressions were used to obtain possible associations. RESULTS The results of the study show that a lower percentage of green areas is significantly associated with a higher chance of preterm births. A higher building density was positively associated with the odds ratio for preterm birth. We did not find any significant associations between air pollution (PM2.5) and preterm births. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study show that greener areas are less associated with preterm births when compared with less green areas.
RESUMO OBJETIVO Avaliar a associação entre a idade gestacional e as áreas verdes, áreas construídas urbanas e a concentração de material particulado 2,5 (MP2,5) em São Paulo, analisando a distribuição irregular dessas áreas e os níveis de poluição acima do recomendado. MÉTODOS A população utilizada no estudo foi a dos nascidos vivos no ano de 2012, com os dados do Sistema de Informações sobre Nascidos Vivo (Sinasc) na cidade de São Paulo. Por meio de imagens de satélites e realizando a classificação supervisionada, obtivemos a distribuição e quantidade de áreas verdes e de áreas construídas, na cidade de São Paulo, assim como as concentrações de MP2,5. Regressões logísticas foram utilizadas para obter possíveis associações. RESULTADOS Os resultados do estudo mostram que menor percentual de áreas verdes está associado significativamente com maior chance de prematuridade. Maior densidade de construção foi associada positivamente com a razão de chance de nascimento prematuro. Não encontramos resultados significativos entre a poluição do ar (MP2,5) e prematuridade. CONCLUSÕES Os resultados deste estudo demostraram que áreas mais verdes em relação às áreas menos verdes são menos associadas a nascimentos prematuros.
Тема - темы
Humans , Male , Female , Pregnancy , Infant, Newborn , Infant, Premature , Air Pollution , Green Areas , Parks, Recreational , Built EnvironmentРеферат
As características físicas do ambiente podem contribuir na promoção da saúde, principalmente a disponibilidade e qualidade dos espaços públicos de lazer. O presente estudo tem como objetivo analisar a distribuição e a qualidade dos equipamentos para atividade física de lazer em uma capital brasileira. Foram avaliados 27 espaços públicos, incluindo parques, praças e canteiros habitáveis disponíveis no raio de 1.000 metros de três polos do Programa Academia da Saúde (PAS) no município de Belo Horizonte. Em 2019, os equipamentos foram auditados por meio da aplicação da versão adaptada do Physical Activity Resource Assessment (PARA), que avalia a existência, qualidade, segurança, limpeza e estética dos equipamentos. Frequências absolutas e relativas foram calculadas. Dos 27 locais avaliados, 22,2% eram parques (n = 6), 70,4% praças (n = 19) e 7,4% canteiros habitáveis (n = 2). Quadras de vôlei e campos de futebol foram os equipamentos mais identificados nos parques, presentes em todos os locais analisados, enquanto academias e estações de exercício ao ar livre foram os mais comuns nas praças (89,5%; 52,9%, respectivamente). Quanto aos canteiros habitáveis, apresentaram apenas quadras de vôlei/campos de futebol. Com relação à limpeza e estética, as maiores proporções foram pichações (74,1%), lixo espalhado/sujeira (74,1%), grama alta (44,4%) e sinais de vandalismo e sujeira de animais (37,0%). A pequena diversidade e qualidade ruim dos equipamentos, e as características inadequadas de limpeza e estética dos espaços de lazer no qual se encontram, podem impedir ou dificultar o uso dos mesmos para a prática de atividade física, demonstrando assim, a necessidade de investimentos mais expressivos nesses locais
The physical characteristics of the environment can contribute to health promotion, especially the availa-bility and quality of public leisure spaces. The present study aims to analyze the distribution and quality of equipment for leisure physical activity in a Brazilian capital. Twenty-seven public spaces, including parks, squares and boulevards available within a radius of 1,000 meters of three centers of the Health Academy Program (PAS) in the city of Belo Horizonte were evaluated. In 2019, the equipment was audited through the application of the adapted version of the Physical Activity Resource Assessment (PARA), which evaluates the existence, quality, safety, cleanliness, and aesthetics of the equipment. Absolute and relative frequencies were calculated. Of the 27 sites evaluated, 22.2% were parks (n=6), 70.4% were squares (n = 19), and 7.4% were boulevards (n = 2). Volleyball courts and soccer fields were the most identified equipment in parks, present in all analyzed places, while outdoor gyms and exercise stations were the most common in squares (89.5%; 52.9%, respectively). As for boulevards, they only had volleyball courts/soccer fields. Regarding cleanliness and aesthetics, the highest proportions were graffiti (74.1%), scattered garbage/dirt (74.1%), tall grass (44.4%), and signs of vandalism and animal dirt (37.0%). The small diversity and poor quality of equipment, and the inadequate characteristics of cleanliness and aesthetics of the leisure spaces in which they are located, can prevent or hinder their use for the practice of physical activity, thus demonstrating the need for more expressive investments in these places
Тема - темы
Exercise , Urban Health , Observation , Built Environment , Leisure ActivitiesРеферат
Despite Brazil's important advances in regulatory aspects related to city planning, the disorder-ly growth of Brazilian cities makes it difficult to implement changes that would result in greater opportunities for the active commuting of the population. This essay was designed to reflect on opportunities for improvement in the urban environment to promote physical activity in the context of commuting in Brazil. From this perspective, the study identified policies that promote orderly growth and support active commuting in cities. It also suggested the use of indicators to evaluate and monitor development, with a particular emphasis on active commuting. Furthermore, it is essential to adapt and improve the urban planning process to meet the needs of Brazilian municipalities and foster closer collaboration with civil society. Thus, it will be possible to verify the changes in the urban environment and their impact on the active commuting, promoting the development of healthy and sustainable cities
Apesar do Brasil apresentar importante avanço em aspectos regulatórios relacionados ao planejamento das cidades, o crescimento desordenado das cidades brasileiras dificulta a realização de mudanças que reflitam em maiores oportunidades no deslocamento ativo da população. Este ensaio foi elaborado com objetivo de refletir sobre as oportunidades para melhorias no ambiente urbano para a promoção da atividade física no contexto do deslocamento no Brasil. Nessa perspectiva, o estudo identificou políticas que permitem o crescimento ordenado e favoreça o deslocamento ativo nas cidades, além de sugerir o uso de indicadores para avaliação e monitoramento do desenvolvimento, com especial foco no deslocamento ativo. Ademais, é imprescindível que o processo de planejamento urbano seja adaptado e aprimorado considerando as necessidades dos municípios brasileiros e com aproximação da sociedade civil. Assim, será possível verificar as modificações no ambiente urbano e seu impacto no deslocamento ativo da população, estimulando a criação de cidades saudáveis e sustentáveis
Тема - темы
City Planning , Healthy City , Active Mobility , Transportation , Built EnvironmentРеферат
The Microscale Audit of Pedestrian Streetscapes-Global (MAPS Global) is an international instru-ment that aims to characterize the variability of pedestrian environments related to physical activity at the microscale level, being a reliable tool that allows comparisons between locations with different contexts. In this regard, the objective of the present study is to describe the methodological process adopted in the Health Survey of São Paulo or Inquérito de Saúde de São Paulo (ISA) in portu-guese Physical Activity and Environment survey for the microscale environment assessment with the MAPS-Global instrument. The use of the method in São Paulo city involved several steps and adaptations relevant to the context of the study, such as: meetings with the group responsible for the validation of the method in Brazil, training of researchers for data collection, review of sections and questions and instrument hosting on Google forms, georeferencing of households and preparation of routes, training and certification of evaluators, and data collection procedures. The environment audit presented challenges, even though it was an exclusively online process, 25 months were required for all the stages development since the audit involved a considerable sample of 1,434 subjects, an increased evaluation coverage in cross-segment sections, and a team of seven evaluators. For future data collection it is suggested to consider the time available for auditing, the size of the team for the selected sample, as well as the possibility of adapting the instrument, such as the inclusion or removal of items according to the local context or reality of the study
O Microscale Audit of Pedestrian Streetscapes-Global (MAPS-Global) é um instrumento internacional que visa caracterizar a variabilidade de ambientes de pedestres relacionados à atividade física ao nível de microescala, sendo uma ferramenta confiável que permite comparações entre locais com diferentes contextos. Neste sentido, o objetivo do presente estudo é descrever o processo metodológico adotado na pesquisa Inquérito de Saúde de São Paulo (ISA) - Atividade Física e Ambiente para a avaliação da microescala do ambiente com o instrumento MAPS-Global. A utilização do método na cidade de São Paulo envolveu diversas etapas e adaptações relevantes para o contexto do estudo, inicialmente foram realizadas reuniões com o grupo responsável por validar o método no Brasil, treinamento dos pesquisadores para coletas de dados, revisão dos blocos e questões, hospedagem do instrumento no Google forms, georreferenciamento dos domicílios, elaboração das rotas, treinamento e certificação dos avaliadores e procedimentos de coletas de dados. A auditagem do ambiente apresentou desafios, mesmo se tratando de um processo exclusivamente online, foram necessários 25 meses para o desenvolvimento de todas as etapas do estudo, pois a avaliação envolveu 1.434 sujeitos, aumento da cobertura da avaliação nas seções dos segmentos e cruzamentos e uma equipe de sete avaliadores. Sugere-se para coletas futuras que seja observado o tempo disponível para auditagem, o tamanho da equipe para a amostra selecionada, bem como a possibilidade realizar adaptações no instrumento como a inclusão ou retirada de itens conforme contexto ou realidade local do estudo
Тема - темы
Humans , Male , Female , Cohort Studies , Exercise , Built EnvironmentРеферат
O objetivo deste estudo transversal foi analisar a associação entre ambiente construído no bairro e na escola e atividade física diária (AFD) e uso de telas diário (TD) entre estudantes de diferentes padrões de comportamentos. Participaram estudantes (9,1 ± 1,38 anos, 53,2% meninas) do 2º ao 5º ano de escolas públicas (n = 2.384) da cidade de Feira de Santana, BA. Atividades físicas e comporta-mentos sedentários foram avaliadas através de questionário online (Web-CAAFE) e utilizadas para definir os padrões de comportamentos por análise de cluster, segmentada por sexo. Ambiente cons-truído na escola (parquinho e espaços cobertos para atividades físicas) e no bairro (quadras esportivas, campos de futebol, parques e praças) foram as exposições. Os desfechos, AFD e TD, foram obtidos pelos somatórios dos relatos de um dia. Modelos de regressão binomial negativa, controlados por idade e escore-z de Índice de Massa Corporal, estimaram razões de prevalência (RP) e intervalos de confiança de 95% (IC95%). A AFD associou-se a praças entre meninas "jogadoras ativas" (RP = 1,35; IC95%: 1,09 - 1,68) e a Espaços cobertos para atividades físicas entre "sedentárias/executoras de tarefas domésticas" (RP = 0,86; IC95%: 075 - 0,97). Entre meninos "sedentários em atividades acadêmicas" a AFD associou-se a Campos de futebol (RP = 1,20; IC95%: 1,02 - 1,42) e TD a Parquinho (RP = 1,17; IC95%: 1,00 - 1,37). TD também foi associado a Espaços cobertos para atividade física entre "sedentários em telas" (RP = 1,28; IC95%: 1,04 - 1,57). AFD e TD de meninos e meninas com diferentes padrões de comportamento foram associados a diversos fatores do ambiente construído
The aim of this cross-sectional study was to analyze the association between the built environment at school and in the neighborhood and daily physical activity (DPA) and daily screen use (DS) among students with different behavioral patterns. Participants were students (9.1 ± 1.38 years, 53.2% girls) from the 2nd to the 5th year of public schools (n = 2,384), in the city of Feira de Santana, BA. Physical activities and sed-entary behaviors were assessed using an online questionnaire ( Web-CAAFE) and used to define behavioral patterns by cluster analysis, segmented by gender. Built environment at school (playground and covered spaces for physical activities) and in the neighborhood (sports courts, soccer fields, parks and squares) were the exposures variables. The outcomes, DPA and DS, were obtained by the sum the one-day reports. Mul-tiple negative binomial regression models, controlled for age and Body Mass Index z-score, were estimated prevalence ratios (PR) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI). DPA was associated with squares among "active players" girls (PR = 1.35; 95%CI: 1.09 - 1.68) and with covered spaces for physical activities among "sedentary/Household chores performers" (PR = 0.86; 95%CI: 075 - 0.97). Among "sedentary in academic tasks" boys, DPA was associated with Soccer fields (PR = 1.20; 95%CI: 1.02 - 1.42) and DS with Play-ground (PR = 1.17; 95%CI: 1.00 - 1.37). DS was also associated with Covered spaces for physical activity among "sedentary on screen" (PR = 1.28; 95%CI: 1.04 - 1.57). DPA and DS of boys and girls with different behavior patterns were associated with several built environment factors
Тема - темы
Humans , Female , Child , Adolescent , Sedentary Behavior , Motor Activity , Built EnvironmentРеферат
This study aimed to evaluate the perception of public places for the practice of physical activity and compare these differences according to health plan beneficiaries and non-beneficiaries. We used data from the 2019 National Health Interview Survey. The outcome was assessed through the following question, "Near your home, is there a public place (square, park, enclosed street, beach) to walk, exercise or play sport?". Descriptive analyses were performed using frequency and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI). The analyses were performed by comparing beneficiaries and non-beneficiaries of health plans and evaluating the results according to sociodemographic variables.The results include data from 20,230 beneficiaries (52.6% women) and 68,301 non-beneficiaries (54.6% women) of health plans, with most of the sample aged between 18 and 39.Overall, 52.1% of non-beneficiaries (95%CI: 51.0 - 53.2) and 67.4% of beneficiaries (95%CI: 65.8 - 68.9) reported having a place near their home for physical activity. We found a dose-effect trend regarding education level and places close to the residence to the practice of physical activity - the higher the level of education, the higher the perception of individuals who reported having adequate places for physical activity.Our findings showed that beneficiaries of health plans have more access to places near their homes to practice physical activity, as well as the most educated
O objetivo deste estudo foiavaliar a percepção de locais públicos para a prática de atividade física e com-parar essas diferenças segundo beneficiários e não beneficiários de planos de saúde. Foram utilizados dados da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde de 2019. O desfecho foi avaliado por meio da seguinte questão: "Perto de sua casa, existe algum local público (praça, parque, rua fechada, praia) para caminhar, fazer exercícios ou praticar esportes?". Análises descritivas foram realizadas por meio de frequência e intervalo de confiança de 95% (IC95%). As análises foram realizadas comparando beneficiários e não beneficiários de planos de saúde e avaliando os resultados segundo variáveis sociodemográficas.Os resultados incluem dados de 20.230 beneficiários (52,6% mulheres) e 68.301 não-beneficiários (54,6% mulheres) de planos de saúde, ambos com maior parte da amostra com idades entre 18 e 39 anos. No geral, 52,1% dos não beneficiários (IC95%: 51,0 - 53,2) e 67,4% dos beneficiários (IC95%: 65,8 - 68,9) relataram ter um local próximo a sua casa para a prática de atividade física. Encontramos uma tendência dose-resposta em relação à escolaridade e locais próximos à residência para a prática de atividade física - quanto maior a escolaridade, maior a percepção de indivíduos que referiram ter locais adequados para a prática de atividade física.Nossos achados mostraram que os beneficiários de planos de saúde têm mais acesso a locais próximos a suas residências para praticar atividade física, assim como os mais escolarizados
Тема - темы
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Built Environment , ExerciseРеферат
Resumo Neste artigo discute-se as correlações entre habitação, meio ambiente e saúde na comunidade da Vila Santa Luzia, no Distrito Federal. O objetivo geral do trabalho é conhecer as percepções, interpretações e representações da amostra de um grupo de moradores e líderes comunitários acerca das referidas vinculações. Em termos teóricos, o projeto fundamentou-se no enfoque da promoção da saúde e habitação saudável. Metodologicamente, os dados foram coletados com a técnica da entrevista. O principal resultado alcançado sugere que existe disposição entre as partes para alcançar uma resolução satisfatória, razoável e republicana ao conflito em questão. A conclusão do texto assinala que a experiência socioambiental e sanitária da Vila Santa Luzia é relevante e significativa, quer em termos empíricos, quer em termos analíticos (políticas públicas).
Abstract The article discusses the correlations between housing, environment and health in the Vila Santa Luzia community, Federal District, Brazil. It purports to investigate the perceptions, interpretations and representations of residents and community leaders about such correlations based on health promotion and healthy housing theoretical framework. Data were collected by means of interviews. Results point to a willingness between the parties to reach a satisfactory, reasonable and republican resolution for the conflict in question. In conclusion, the socio-environmental and health experience of Vila Santa Luzia is relevant and significant, both in empirical and analytical (public policies) terms.
Тема - темы
Public Health , Urban Health , Health Vulnerability , Built Environment , HousingРеферат
Introdução: O ambiente alimentar é o contexto físico, econômico, político e sociocultural em que cada consumidor se envolve com o sistema alimentar para adquirir, preparar e consumir alimentos. Esse ambiente envolve a disponibilidade, acessibilidade, conveniência, promoção, qualidade e sustentabilidade dos alimentos. O comprometimento desse acesso e disponibilidade aos alimentos saudáveis, em quantidades suficientes, caracteriza a insegurança alimentar. Objetivo: Analisar o ambiente alimentar e sua relação com a ocorrência de insegurança alimentar no domicílio e condições socioeconômicas. Método: Trata-se de um estudo de diferentes métodos. 1) Revisão sistemática sobre a relação entre ambientes alimentares e a insegurança alimentar, a partir de uma busca sistemática na literatura nas bases de dados PubMed, Web of Science, Science Direct, EMBASE e LILACS em janeiro de 2023. 2) Estudo ecológico com setores censitários da cidade de Natal-RN, a partir da identificação dos estabelecimentos de aquisição de alimentos, agrupados nas categorias de in natura ou minimamente processados, ultraprocessados ou mistos. Os desertos alimentares foram calculados pela densidade de estabelecimentos saudáveis dividido por 10 mil habitantes e classificados menor ou igual ao percentil 25. Os pântanos alimentares foram determinados a partir da densidade de estabelecimentos de aquisição de ultraprocessados por 10 mil habitantes e classificados com percentil maior que 25. Utilizamos dados socioeconômicos do Censo 2010. Regressão múltipla de Poisson foi utilizada para observar a relação da existência de desertos e pântanos alimentares com infraestrutura social. 3) Trata-se de um estudo transversal, de base populacional com dados individuais demográficos, socioeconômicos e de insegurança alimentar do Estudo Brazuca Natal e relação com os setores censitários classificados em desertos alimentares, pântanos alimentares, condições de socioeconômicas do setor e do domicílio. Resultados: Na revisão sistemática 22 artigos foram incluídos, 18 deles encontraram associação entre ambientes alimentares e a (in)segurança alimentar, sendo a maioria em países desenvolvidos, do Norte global. No estudo ecológico, foi identificado que 51,45% dos estabelecimentos de aquisição de alimentos da cidade eram do tipo ultraprocessados. Houve maior densidade de estabelecimentos de alimentos nas regiões com melhor condição socioeconômica. Os setores censitários classificados como deserto alimentar, foram associados com condições do domicílio e pior infraestrutura do setor. Enquanto os setores identificados como pântano alimentar, com uma melhor infraestrutura do setor. No estudo transversal, a insegurança alimentar foi encontrada em 42,3% dos entrevistados, associada a variáveis demográficas e socioeconômicas individuais e do setor. Os desertos e pântanos alimentares não apresentaram um padrão de distribuição espacial e não foram associados à insegurança alimentar. Conclusão: Existem iniquidades na distribuição dos diferentes estabelecimentos de aquisição de alimentos da cidade de Natal/RN, com predominância de pântanos alimentares. Dessa forma, são necessárias ações de melhoria de infraestrutura dos setores, descentralização no abastecimento de alimentos saudáveis e limitar a venda de alimentos ultraprocessados, com vistas a garantir escolhas alimentares saudáveis. É importante que novos estudos avaliem as diferentes dimensões do ambiente alimentar, para permitir uma melhor identificação dos fatores associados à insegurança alimentar em diferentes contextos socioeconômicos (AU).
Introduction: The food environment is the physical, economic, political and sociocultural context in which each consumer engages with the food system to acquire, prepare and consume food. This environment involves the availability, accessibility, convenience, promotion, quality and sustainability of food. Compromising access to and availability of healthy foods in sufficient quantities characterizes food insecurity. Objective: To analyze the food environment and its relationship with the occurrence of food insecurity at home and socioeconomic conditions. Method: It is a study of different methods. 1) Systematic review on the relationship between food environments and food insecurity, based on a systematic literature search in the PubMed, Web of Science, Science Direct, EMBASE and LILACS databases in January 2023. 2) Ecological study with census tracts of the city of Natal-RN, based on the identification of food acquisition establishments, grouped in the categories of in-natura or minimally processed, ultra-processed or mixed. Food deserts were calculated by the density of healthy establishments divided by 10,000 inhabitants and classified as less than or equal to the 25th percentile. We used socioeconomic data from the 2010 Census. Multiple Poisson regression was used to observe the relationship between the existence of food deserts and swamps and social infrastructure. 3) This is a cross-sectional, population-based study with individual demographic, socioeconomic and food insecurity data from the Brazuca Natal Study and the relationship with the census tracts classified into food deserts, food swamps, socioeconomic conditions in the sector and at home. Results: In the systematic review, 22 articles were included, 18 of which found an association between food environments and food (in)security, the majority being in developed countries, in the global North. In the ecological study, it was identified that 51.45% of the food acquisition establishments in the city were of the ultra-processed type. There was a higher density of food establishments in regions with better socioeconomic conditions. The census sectors classified as food deserts were associated with household conditions and worse infrastructure in the sector. While the sectors identified as a food swamp, with better infrastructure in the sector. In the cross-sectional study, food insecurity was found in 42.3% of respondents, associated with individual and sector demographic and socioeconomic variables. Deserts and food swamps did not show a spatial distribution pattern and were not associated with food insecurity. Conclusion: There are inequalities in the distribution of different food acquisition establishments in the city of Natal/RN, with a predominance of food swamps. Thus, actions are needed to improve the sectors' infrastructure, decentralize the supply of healthy foods and limit the sale of ultra-processed foods, with a view to ensuring healthy food choices. It is important that new studies assess the different dimensions of the food environment, to allow a better identification of factors associated with food insecurity in different socioeconomic contexts (AU).
Тема - темы
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Socioeconomic Factors , Diet , Built Environment , Food Insecurity , Food Social Space , Social Class , Cross-Sectional Studies/methods , Ecological StudiesРеферат
Objective: To understand the current situation and the main influencing factors of residents' satisfaction with the built environment of China's Hygienic City Initiative. Methods: From the list of China's hygienic cities (excluding county-level cities), 61 cities were randomly selected in equal proportion and the eligible respondents were randomly selected by using the "Questionnaire Star" network platform to carry out the online questionnaire survey. A self-made satisfaction evaluation scale was used to investigate the satisfaction of the included respondents with the urban built environment and search for relevant data on the city level. The two-level multi-factor mixed effect model was constructed to analyze the influencing factors of residents' satisfaction with the built environment of China's Hygienic City Initiative. Results: The age range of 2 465 respondents was mainly between 18 and 40 years old (79.9%), with males being the main group (45.8%). The total score of residents' satisfaction with the built environment of China's hygienic cities was (69.14±13.24) points. Based on four standardized dimensions of sense of gain, the result showed that the satisfaction of urban governance had the highest score (65.08 points), followed by urban environmental sanitation (63.68 points), urban lifestyle (59.97 points) and urban basic function (59.02 points). The analysis results of the two-level multi-factor mixed effect model showed that compared with residents with an annual average concentration of inhalable fine particles in the environment>48 micrograms/cubic meter, residents with an average concentration between 38 and 48 micrograms/cubic meter [β (95%CI): 1.65 (0.08, 3.21)] and≤37 micrograms/cubic meter or less [β (95%CI): 1.98 (0.53, 3.43)] had higher satisfaction. Compared with residents whose proportion of the secondary industry to GDP was≤40.9%, residents in cities with a larger proportion had a lower satisfaction level [residents with a proportion of 40.9%-48.03%, β (95%CI):-2.21 (-3.93, -0.49); residents with a proportion greater than 48.03%, β (95%CI):-2.58 (-4.58, -0.59)]. Compared with residents with a junior high school or lower education level, residents with a higher education level had a lower satisfaction level [β (95%CI):-2.37 (-4.57, -0.17)]. Residents of universities and above [β (95%CI):-3.82 (-6.05, -1.60)], regularly participate in physical exercise [β (95%CI): 5.78 (4.71, 6.84)] and self-rated good health status [β (95%CI): 6.39 (5.33, 7.45)] had a higher satisfaction level. Conclusion: The satisfaction of residents with the built environment of China's hygienic cities is still acceptable. Satisfaction is related to individual characteristics such as residents' cultural level, type of residence, frequent participation in physical exercise, and self-rated good health status, as well as urban-level factors such as green coverage rate in built-up areas, annual average concentration of inhalable fine particles, and the proportion of GDP in the secondary industry.
Тема - темы
Male , Humans , Cities , Personal Satisfaction , Health Status , Built Environment , ChinaРеферат
Objective: To understand the current situation and the main influencing factors of residents' satisfaction with the built environment of China's Hygienic City Initiative. Methods: From the list of China's hygienic cities (excluding county-level cities), 61 cities were randomly selected in equal proportion and the eligible respondents were randomly selected by using the "Questionnaire Star" network platform to carry out the online questionnaire survey. A self-made satisfaction evaluation scale was used to investigate the satisfaction of the included respondents with the urban built environment and search for relevant data on the city level. The two-level multi-factor mixed effect model was constructed to analyze the influencing factors of residents' satisfaction with the built environment of China's Hygienic City Initiative. Results: The age range of 2 465 respondents was mainly between 18 and 40 years old (79.9%), with males being the main group (45.8%). The total score of residents' satisfaction with the built environment of China's hygienic cities was (69.14±13.24) points. Based on four standardized dimensions of sense of gain, the result showed that the satisfaction of urban governance had the highest score (65.08 points), followed by urban environmental sanitation (63.68 points), urban lifestyle (59.97 points) and urban basic function (59.02 points). The analysis results of the two-level multi-factor mixed effect model showed that compared with residents with an annual average concentration of inhalable fine particles in the environment>48 micrograms/cubic meter, residents with an average concentration between 38 and 48 micrograms/cubic meter [β (95%CI): 1.65 (0.08, 3.21)] and≤37 micrograms/cubic meter or less [β (95%CI): 1.98 (0.53, 3.43)] had higher satisfaction. Compared with residents whose proportion of the secondary industry to GDP was≤40.9%, residents in cities with a larger proportion had a lower satisfaction level [residents with a proportion of 40.9%-48.03%, β (95%CI):-2.21 (-3.93, -0.49); residents with a proportion greater than 48.03%, β (95%CI):-2.58 (-4.58, -0.59)]. Compared with residents with a junior high school or lower education level, residents with a higher education level had a lower satisfaction level [β (95%CI):-2.37 (-4.57, -0.17)]. Residents of universities and above [β (95%CI):-3.82 (-6.05, -1.60)], regularly participate in physical exercise [β (95%CI): 5.78 (4.71, 6.84)] and self-rated good health status [β (95%CI): 6.39 (5.33, 7.45)] had a higher satisfaction level. Conclusion: The satisfaction of residents with the built environment of China's hygienic cities is still acceptable. Satisfaction is related to individual characteristics such as residents' cultural level, type of residence, frequent participation in physical exercise, and self-rated good health status, as well as urban-level factors such as green coverage rate in built-up areas, annual average concentration of inhalable fine particles, and the proportion of GDP in the secondary industry.
Тема - темы
Male , Humans , Cities , Personal Satisfaction , Health Status , Built Environment , ChinaРеферат
Introduction: Non-communicable diseases are the leading cause of death worldwide and physical activity is a key preventive strategy to reduce them. There is a relationship between the built environment and the practice of physical activity, but little evidence as to whether those built environment interventions not initially designed for promoting physical activity actually have an impact on promoting the behavior. Objective: To identify whether such built environment interventions were able to change physical activity in adults. Materials and methods: We conducted a systematic review of interventions targeting modifications to the built environment changes in urban areas. Results: Out of 5,605 articles reviewed, only seven met our inclusion criteria. The seven studies found higher levels of physical activity after the interventions. Conclusions: We recommend greater specificity regarding the study design, the timeline of interventions implementation and post-intervention measurements, as well as the use of more objective measures. Finally, we point out the need to make more explicit the mechanisms of change related to the interventions assessed.
Introducción. Las enfermedades no transmisibles son la principal causa de muerte en todo el mundo y la actividad física es una estrategia preventiva clave para reducirlas. Hay una relación entre el entorno construido y la práctica de actividad física, pero poca evidencia de si las intervenciones no diseñadas en principio para promoverla, realmente tienen un impacto en ese sentido. Objetivo. Determinar si tales intervenciones en el entorno urbano pudieron cambiar la práctica de actividad física en adultos. Materiales y métodos. Se hizo una revisión sistemática de las intervenciones que apuntaban a modificar el entorno construido en zonas urbanas. Resultados. De 5.605 artículos considerados, solo siete cumplieron con nuestros criterios de inclusión y en todos ellos aumentó la actividad física después de la intervención. Conclusiones. Se recomienda que el diseño del estudio, el cronograma de implementación de las intervenciones y las mediciones posteriores sean más específicas, de manera que las medidas obtenidas sean más objetivas. Asimismo, se argumenta la necesidad de hacer más explícitos los mecanismos de cambio relacionados con las intervenciones evaluadas.
Тема - темы
Exercise , Built Environment , Health PromotionРеферат
The aim was to identify the main geospatial indicators used in bikeability index through constructive methodological studies. The study protocol was registered in PROSPERO under the registration number CRD42020166795, following the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guide. Original studies indexed in the electronic databases Lilacs, Pu-bMed, Science Direct, Scopus, SPORTDiscus, Trid, and Web of Science were selected. The review also included grey literature through Google Scholar, OpenGrey, ProQuest, and a list of references and documents pointed out by experts. After removing duplicates and analyzing titles and abstracts, the review considered only 11 out of the 703 initial papers, which provided 100 environment in-dicators with varied definitions and metrics for estimating the Bikeability index. The census tract was the most used unit of the analysis found in the papers, which used GIS (Geographic Informa-tion System) data besides self-reported information on environmental characteristics. The results indicate that the most usual indicators relate to infrastructure existence and width of bike lanes destination, slope, speed limit, and connectivity and intersections. The creation and maintenance of bicycle-friendly environments could consider the implementation of more infrastructure on flat and connected streets with changes in speed limits in neighborhoods, especially in regions with low density of intersections, to decrease accidents and increase cyclists' perception of safety.
Identificar os principais indicadores geoespaciais sobre a construção do índice de bikeability. O protocolo do estudo foi registrado no PROSPERO, sob o número de registro CRD42020166795, seguiu o guia (PRIS-MA). Foram selecionados estudos originais indexados nas bases de dados eletrônicas Lilacs, PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus, SPORTDiscus, Trid, Web of Science. A revisão também incluiu literatura cinza, além da lista de referências e documentos identificados por especialistas. A busca inicial identificou 703 artigos, após a retirada das duplicatas e análise de títulos, resumos e texto completo, 11 artigos foram incluídos na revisão. Um total de 100 indicadores geoespaciais do ambiente construído foram identificados com diferentes defini-ções e métricas para estimar o índice de bikeability. O setor censitário foi a unidade de análise mais utilizada nos artigos, que utilizaram dados de SIG (Sistema de Informações Geográficas) além de informações autorre-feridas sobre características ambientais. Os resultados indicam que os indicadores mais usuais dizem respeito à infraestrutura existência e largura das ciclovias destino, inclinação, limite de velocidade, conectividade e interseções. A criação e manutenção de ambientes amigos da bicicleta poderia contemplar a implantação de mais infraestrutura em vias planas e conectadas com mudanças nos limites de velocidade nos bairros, principalmente em regiões com baixa densidade de cruzamentos, para diminuir os acidentes e aumentar a percepção de segurança dos ciclistas.
Тема - темы
Bicycling , Geographic Information Systems , Environment Design , Built EnvironmentРеферат
El objetivo primario de este manual es establecer una política nacional de sustentabilidad en todo el proceso de producción y uso de viviendas financiadas, diseñadas y construidas en el marco de las políticas públicas. Generar un ambiente construido amigable con el medio y sus habitantes implica incorporar criterios de sustentabilidad en el diseño, la construcción y la posterior operación de las viviendas. El proceso de diseño y construcción de viviendas y su posterior uso contribuyen significativamente a la emisión de gases de efecto invernadero, e impactan de distintos modos sobre el ambiente natural y el hábitat humano. Esto abarca una multiplicidad de factores que van desde la ocupación del territorio y el uso de las infraestructuras urbanas, hasta los criterios de diseño, los materiales utilizados, los residuos generados, la construcción y la operación de las viviendas. En el 2016, a partir del Acuerdo de París, la República Argentina decidió plantear, de cara al 2030, el compromiso de reducir en un 18 % más las emisiones de GEI (Gases de Efecto Invernadero) respecto de lo comprometido en el año 2015. Este nuevo objetivo se logrará a través de la implementación de una serie de medidas en los distintos sectores de la economía. Según el último inventario de GEI, el 53 % de las emisiones del país están vinculadas con el sector energético; y los hogares contribuyen a dicho porcentaje en tanto son consumidores de energía, principalmente Gas de Red, Electricidad y Gas Licuado de Petróleo. Para generar conciencia ambiental en la población, es fundamental formar ciudadanos que cuenten con las herramientas necesarias para alcanzar los estándares de sustentabilidad y eficiencia energética que nos proponemos como sociedad. Organismos del INTRODUCCIÓN estado, diseñadores, desarrolladores, constructores y el público destinatario son los receptores principales y, por ende, quienes deben tener un marco de acción que permita alcanzar el grado de sustentabilidad fijado como política nacional. En este sentido, el manual grafica, en formato de "semáforo de sustentabilidad", las acciones y los objetivos que se deben alcanzar de forma didáctica e interactiva permitiendo así cuantificar las buenas prácticas y desalentar las malas. Como postuló el arquitecto inglés John F. C. Turner, famoso por su dedicación al estudio y la práctica de la vivienda social, se puede pensar en la vivienda como "Housing as a verb". Traducido, la vivienda como verbo: HABITAR. Esto significa que, si bien es importante contar con un techo, más importante es lo que habitar representa. Y eso implica relaciones humanas, trabajo, educación, y todo lo que rodea a las personas. Conectividad. Comunidad. Acceso a los principios básicos de salud y educación. Participación en el proceso de selección de terrenos y el diseño de las viviendas.
Тема - темы
Infrastructure Projects , Low-Cost Housing , Built Environment , ArgentinaРеферат
Com objetivo de identificar e sumarizar os dados de pesquisas que investigaram o perfil dos usuários das Academias ao Ar Livre (AAL) no Brasil, assim como o padrão de utilização destes espaços, em dezembro de 2020 foi realizada uma revisão de escopo, procurando por artigos observacionais, conduzidos no território brasileiro, que identificaram o perfil dos frequentadores e o padrão de utilização das AAL. Dos 16 artigos encontrados, que representam 10 distintos projetos, identificou-se que mulheres, pessoas na faixa etária entre 40 e 59 anos de idade, com ensino médio completo, casados/as e com sobrepeso representam o perfil mais comum de frequentadores das AAL no país. Complementarmente, a síntese também aponta que frequentadores utilizam as AAL há, pelo menos, 12 meses, com periodicidade de utilização de, pelo menos, três dias da semana, geralmente, nos dias úteis. Em conclusão, as AAL contribuem para a equidade ao acesso à atividade física. Entretanto, novos projetos são necessários, com utilização de abordagens mistas, para uma melhor compreensão das características que ao momento ainda são inconclusivas
In order to identify and summarize data from research which investigated the Profile of Outdoor Gyms (OG) users in Brazil, as well as the usage patterns of these spaces, in December 2020 a scoping review was developed, looking for observational studies, conducted in the Brazilian territory, which identified the users' profile and the usage pattern of OG. Of the 16 papers found, which represent 10 different studies, it was identified that women, people between 40 and 59 years of age, with complete secondary education, married and overweight represent the profile of the public who frequent OG in the country. Complementarily, the synthesis also points out that frequenters have been using OG for at least 12 months, with periodicity of use of at least three days a week, usually on working days. In conclusion, the OG contribute to equity of access to physical activity. However, new studies are needed, using mixed approaches, to better understand the characteristics that are still inconclusive at the moment
Тема - темы
Epidemiology, Descriptive , Review , Health Equity , Built Environment , Motor ActivityРеферат
BACKGROUND@#The physical environment can facilitate or hinder physical activity. A challenge in promoting physical activity is ensuring that the physical environment is supportive and that these supports are appropriately tailored to the individual or group in question. Ideally, aspects of the environment that impact physical activity would be enhanced, but environmental changes take time, and identifying ways to provide more precision to physical activity recommendations might be helpful for specific individuals or groups. Therefore, moving beyond a "one size fits all" to a precision-based approach is critical.@*MAIN BODY@#To this end, we considered 4 critical aspects of the physical environment that influence physical activity (walkability, green space, traffic-related air pollution, and heat) and how these aspects could enhance our ability to precisely guide physical activity. Strategies to increase physical activity could include optimizing design of the built environment or mitigating of some of the environmental impediments to activity through personalized or population-wide interventions.@*CONCLUSIONS@#Although at present non-personalized approaches may be more widespread than those tailored to one person's physical environment, targeting intrinsic personal elements (e.g., medical conditions, sex, age, socioeconomic status) has interesting potential to enhance the likelihood and ability of individuals to participate in physical activity.
Тема - темы
Humans , Air Pollution , Built Environment , Environment , Exercise/psychology , Hot Temperature , Precision Medicine/psychology , Residence CharacteristicsРеферат
Objective@#To develop a preliminary subjective evaluation scale for assessing the built environments of China's Hygienic City Initiative and to evaluate its reliability and validity.@*Methods@#The initial items of the scale were determined based on a review of policy documents and consultations with experts. The final items of the scale were confirmed through individual interviews with residents combined with the discretetrend method, critical ratio method, correlation coefficient method, and factor analysis method. Then, the dimensions of the scale were determined using exploratory factor analysis (EFA). The Cronbach's @*Results@#A scale containing five dimensions with 22 items was established, including urban lifestyle, governance, basic functions, environmental sanitation, and amenities. The Cronbach's @*Conclusion@#The preliminarily subjective evaluation scale for assessing the built environments of China's Hygienic City Initiative demonstrates a high level of reliability and validity. Additional empirical studies should be carried out to further verify the value of the scale in terms of practical application.
Тема - темы
Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Built Environment/psychology , China , Factor Analysis, Statistical , Health Policy , Hygiene , Perception , Personal Satisfaction , Reproducibility of Results , Surveys and Questionnaires , Urban HealthРеферат
Introdução: O ganho de peso ponderal é uma das principais mudanças ocorridas durante o período gestacional e possui implicações diretas sobre a saúde materna e neonatal. Para que tal ganho seja considerado fisiológico, há um intervalo recomendado de ganho de peso para cada trimestre de gestação. O ganho de peso gestacional inadequado, excessivo ou insuficiente, pode se relacionar com desfechos negativos para mãe e criança. A influência de fatores individuais sobre o ganho de peso gestacional, em especial relacionados ao ganho de peso excessivo já está consolidada na literatura. Contudo, fatores ambientais impactam em escolhas alimentares inadequadas e no estilo de vida sedentário e, tanto individualmente quanto em combinação, estes fatores podem favorecer o ganho de peso gestacional inadequado e ter consequentes problemas de saúde materna e neonatal. Objetivo: Analisar os fatores ambientais associados ao ganho de peso gestacional inadequado. Métodos: Trata-se de uma revisão sistemática e metanálise e um estudo epidemiológico. A revisão sistemática foi conduzida segundo recomendações da Cochrane Handbook e elaborada conforme as etapas recomendadas pelo Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses. A estratégia de investigação foi realizada nas bases de dados EMBASE, Web of Science, Cinahl, LILACS e MEDLINE (Pubmed). A meta-análise foi realizada usando o programa livre Rstudio (versão 3.4.4) e o pacote "Metaprop". O estudo epidemiológico refere-se a uma coorte retrospectiva, desenvolvida com dados da coorte de base hospitalar "Nascer em Belo Horizonte: Inquérito sobre o parto e nascimento", na qual foram entrevistadas puérperas em maternidades públicas e privadas de Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais (MG). De forma que coleta de dados foi realizada de novembro de 2011 a março de 2013. Foram incluídas variáveis ambientais, além de individuais - socioeconômicas, antropométricas, históricos obstétricos e relacionados ao parto. Para a análise dos dados, foi aplicado o modelo de regressão logística com Estimação de Equações Generalizadas (GEE). Resultados: Em relação à revisão sistemática, de 3936 referências recuperadas, 11 estudos preencheram a todos os critérios de inclusão. A taxa de ganho de peso gestacional excessivo variou entre 23,2 e 82,4%. Observou-se associação entre viver em bairros com maior índice de pobreza e inadequação no ganho de peso gestacional. A análise conjunta evidenciou que a maior prevalência de mulheres com ganho de peso gestacional excessivo residia em áreas urbanas, porém essa diferença não foi estatisticamente significativa (P: 51%; IC95%: 44,34-57,84). No estudo epidemiológico, a amostra foi composta por 506 gestantes residentes nos municípios de Belo Horizonte e Contagem, MG. Em relação ao índice de massa corporal (IMC) pré-gestacional, 23,52% das mulheres apresentavam obesidade e 11,07% apresentavam sobrepeso. Considerando o ganho de peso gestacional, 59,09% das gestantes tiveram ganho de peso inadequado, sendo que 36,36% apresentaram ganho excessivo e 22,73% apresentaram ganho de peso abaixo do recomendado. Com relação ao ganho de peso excessivo, observou-se associação direta com o número estabelecimentos de venda de produtos alimentícios mistos próximo ao local de residência (p=0,001), IMC pré-gestacional nas categorias de sobrepeso e obesidade (p<0,000 e p<0,000) e setor privado como local predominante de consultas de pré-natal (p=0,018). Conclusão: O ganho de peso gestacional foi influenciado por fatores individuais e ambientais, e a maioria das gestantes apresentou ganho de peso gestacional insuficiente ou excessivo. O cuidado antes e durante a gestação é, portanto, essencial para evitar inadequações no ganho de peso e consequentes desfechos negativos ao binômio.
Introduction: Weight gain is one of the main changes that occurred during pregnancy and has direct implications for maternal and newborn health. To be considered physiological, there is a recommended weight gain interval for each trimester of pregnancy. Inadequate gestational weight gain can be related to negative outcomes for mother and child. The influence of individual factors on gestational weight gain, especially related to excessive weight gain, is already consolidated in the literature. However, environmental factors impact on inappropriate food choices and sedentary lifestyle and, both individually and in combination, these factors can favor the gain of inappropriate gestational weight and have consequent maternal and neonatal health problems. Objective: To analyze the environmental factors associated with inadequate gestational weight gain. Methods: It is a systematic review and meta-analysis, and it's also an epidemiological study. The systematic review was conducted according to the recommendations of the Cochrane Handbook and elaborated according to the steps recommended by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyzes. The search strategy was carried out in the EMBASE, Web of Science, Cinahl, LILACS and MEDLINE (Pubmed) databases. The meta-analysis was carried out using the free program Rstudio (version 3.4.4) and the package "Metaprop". The epidemiological study refers to a retrospective cohort, developed with data from the hospital-based cohort "Born in Belo Horizonte: Survey on childbirth and birth", in which postpartum women were interviewed in public and private maternity hospitals in Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais (MG). The data collection was carried out from November 2011 to March 2013. Environmental variables were included, in addition to individual variables - socioeconomic, anthropometric, obstetric history and related to childbirth. For data analysis, the logistic regression model with Generalized Equation Estimation (GHG) was applied. Results: Regarding the systematic review, out of 3936 references retrieved, 11 studies met all the inclusion criteria. The rate of excessive gestational weight gain varied between 23.2 and 82.4%. There was an association between living in neighborhoods with a higher poverty rate and inadequate gestational weight gain. The joint analysis showed that the highest prevalence of women with excessive gestational weight gain resided in urban areas, and this difference was not statistically significant (P: 51%; 95% CI: 44.34-57.84). In the epidemiological study, the sample consisted of 506 pregnant women living in the cities of Belo Horizonte and Contagem (MG). Regarding the pre-gestational body mass index (BMI), 23.52% of women were obese and 11.07% were overweight. Considering gestational weight gain, 59.09% of pregnant women had inadequate weight gain, with 36.36% showing excessive gain and 22.73% showing weight gain below the recommended. Regarding excessive weight gain, a direct association was observed with the number of establishments selling mixed food products close to the place of residence (p = 0.001), pre-gestational BMI in the categories of overweight and obesity (p <0.000 and p < 0.000) and the private sector as the predominant place for prenatal consultations (p = 0.018). Conclusion: Gestational weight gain was influenced by individual and environmental factors, and most pregnant women had insufficient or excessive gestational weight gain. Care before and during pregnancy is essential to avoid inadequacies in weight gain and consequent negative outcomes to the binomial.
Тема - темы
Maternal Health , Built Environment , Gestational Weight Gain , Social Environment , Epidemiology , Retrospective Studies , Academic Dissertation , Pregnant Women , Feeding Behavior , Systematic ReviewРеферат
The aim of this study was to examine the biological and urban environment variables that associate with physical activity (PA) in adolescents. After this, to examine the interrelationship between bio-logical, urban environment variables and PA in structural equation analysis. This was a cross-sectional study with an adolescents' randomized sample. Measures included PA (steps per day by pedometers); self-report questionnaire; geographical location; 'geocoding' process; and direct observation and cardiorespiratory fitness (by 6-min run test). Linear and binary logistic regression models were tested. In addition, moderation and mediation analysis were tested. The sample consisted of 236 adolescents (61.9% girls) aged 14 to 18 years. The commuting to school was associated with residence distance to school (OR = 6.41; CI95%: 1.01-40.80) and walkability (OR = 1.40; CI95%: 1.02-1.94). The gender moderates the relationship between walkability and commuting to school, association only in girls (OR = 1.72; p < 0.05). The relationship between the use of public spaces and PA was reduced (Ƨ = -1320.6 steps/day; p < 0.05) in the presence of cardiorespiratory fitness (mediation effect). In conclusion, adolescents' PA is associated with the use of public spaces, but this relation is mediated by cardiorespiratory fitness. In addition, PA is associated with commuting to school. This commuting is associated with residence distance to school and walkability just in girls
O objetivo deste estudo foi examinar as variáveis biológicas e do ambiente urbano que se associam à atividade física (AF) em adolescentes. Em seguida, examinar a inter-relação entre variáveis biológicas, do ambiente urbano e AF em uma análise de equações estruturais. Estudo transversal com amostra randomizada de adolescentes. As medidas incluíram AF (passos/dia por pedômetros); questionário de autorrelato; localização geográfica; processo de 'geocodificação'; observação direta e aptidão cardiorrespiratória (por teste de corrida de 6 min). Modelos de regressão logística linear e binária foram testados. Além disso, análises de moderação e mediação foram testadas. A amostra foi composta por 236 adolescentes (61,9% meninas) de 14 a 18 anos. O deslocamento até a escola esteve associado à distância entre a residência e a escola (OR = 6,41; IC95%: 1,01-40,80) e ao walkability (OR = 1,40; IC95%: 1,02-1,94). O gênero modera a relação entre o walkability e deslocamento para a escola, associação apenas em meninas (OR = 1,72; p < 0,05). A relação entre o uso de espaços públicos e AF foi reduzida (∆ß = -1320,6 passos/dia; p < 0,05) na presença de aptidão cardiorrespiratória (efeito mediador). Concluindo, a AF de adolescentes está associada ao uso de espaços públicos, mas essa relação é mediada pela aptidão cardiorrespiratória. Além disso, a AF está associada ao deslocamento para a escola. Esse deslocamento está associado à distância entre a residência e a escola e ao walkability apenas em meninas
Тема - темы
Public Health , Adolescent , Evaluation Studies as Topic , Built Environment , Motor ActivityРеферат
BACKGROUND@#Individual health behavior is related to environmental and social structures. To promote physical activity (PA) effectively, it is necessary to consider structural influences. Previous research has shown the relevance of the built environment. However, sex/gender differences have yet not been considered. The aim of this systematic review was to identify built environmental determinants of PA by taking sex/gender into account.@*METHODS@#A systematic literature search was carried out using six electronic databases (PubMed, CINAHL, SportDiscus, PsycInfo, Scopus, Web of Knowledge) to identify studies analyzing the effect of changes in the built environment on PA, taking sex/gender into account. To be included, studies had to be based on quantitative data and a longitudinal study design. Changes in the built environment had to be objectively assessed. The methodological quality of the studies was examined using the QualSyst tool for examining risk of bias.@*RESULTS@#In total, 36 studies published since 2000 were included in this review. The data synthesis revealed that the majority of reviewed studies found the built environment to be a determinant of PA behavior for both, males and females, in a similar way. Creating a new infrastructure for walking, cycling, and public transportation showed a positive effect on PA behavior. Findings were most consistent for the availability of public transport, which was positively associated with overall PA and walking. The improvement of walking and cycling infrastructure had no effect on the overall level of PA, but it attracted more users and had a positive effect on active transportation. In women, the availability of public transport, safe cycling lanes, housing density, and the distance to daily destinations proved to be more relevant with regard to their PA behavior. In men, street network characteristics and road environment, such as intersection connectivity, local road density, and the presence of dead-end roads, were more important determinants of PA.@*CONCLUSION@#This review sheds light on the relevance of the built environment on PA. By focusing on sex/gender differences, a new aspect was addressed that should be further analyzed in future research and considered by urban planners and other practitioners.